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    CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

    CH3 CH CH3

    CH3 ! " "

    #

    H2C CH2

    CH2

    H2C

    H2C

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    100C

    Punto de ebullicin

    Punto de fusin

    T (C)

    nmero de carbonos

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    ALTERNADA ECLIPSADAH

    H HH

    HH HH

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    0 60 120 180 240 300 360

    Eclipsada

    Alternada

    E

    Ekcal/mol

    ngulo de torsin ()

    60

    H2H3

    H1H

    HH = 0

    60

    H2

    H3 H1H

    HH

    60

    H1H2

    H3H

    HH

    H1

    H2 H3H

    HH

    60

    60

    H3H1

    H2H

    HHH3

    H1 H2H

    HH

    60

    = 60 = 120

    = 180 = 240 = 300

    7 3 "

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    60

    HH

    CH3CH3

    HH = 0

    60

    H

    H CH3CH3

    HH

    60

    CH3H

    HCH3

    HH

    CH3

    H HCH3

    HH

    60

    60HH3C

    HCH3

    HH

    H

    H3C HCH3

    HH

    60

    = 60 = 120

    = 180 = 240 = 300

    ECLIPSADASINPERIPLANAR

    ALTERNADASINCLINAL

    ECLIPSADAANTICLINAL

    ALTERNADASINCLINAL

    ECLIPSADAANTICLINAL

    ALTERNADAANTIPERIPLANAR

    interaccingauche

    interaccingauche

    0, " , 3 #C D " , , (5

    " . , , (-.. , , ;

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    2 " , " " * > , " " " , , .. 3 , .. " 3

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    0 60 120 180 240 300 360

    Ekcal/mol

    ngulo de torsin ()

    E=2.9E=3.6

    E=0.9

    E=3.8

    E=4.5

    60

    HH

    CH3CH3

    HH = 0

    60

    H

    H CH3CH3

    HH

    60

    CH3H

    HCH3

    HH

    CH3

    H HCH3

    HH

    60

    60HH3C

    HCH3

    HH

    H

    H3C HCH3

    HH

    60

    = 60 = 120

    = 180 = 240 = 300

    ECLIPSADASINPERIPLANAR

    ALTERNADASINCLINAL

    ECLIPSADAANTICLINAL

    ALTERNADASINCLINAL

    ECLIPSADAANTICLINAL

    ALTERNADAANTIPERIPLANAR

    interaccingauche

    interaccingauche

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    SILLA(alternada)

    BOTE(eclipsada)

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    silla semisilla bote semisilla silla

    silla

    Ekcal/mol

    E=10.8

    E=5.5bote

    silla

    semisilla semisilla

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    Hek

    Hax

    Hek

    Hek

    Hax

    Hax

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    Hax

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    HekHax

    HekHax

    HekHax

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    H

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    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    HH

    H

    H

    CH3

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

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    CH3

    H

    H

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    SILLAMe en ecuatorial BOTE

    H

    HH

    HH

    CH3H

    HH

    CH3H

    HH

    HH

    H

    H

    HH

    HCH3

    CH3H

    H

    SILLAMe en axial

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    $ * > :

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    H

    CH3

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    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

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    HH

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    HtBu

    H

    H

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    CH3

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    tBu

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    BOTE

    H

    HH

    HH

    tBuH

    CH3H

    tBuH

    HH

    HH

    H

    H

    HH

    HtBu

    HCH3

    H

    SILLAtBu y Me en ecuatorial- Tensin de torsin: NO- CH3 - tBu gauche

    - Tensin de torsin: SI

    SILLA tBu y Me en axial

    - Tensin de torsin: NO- CH3 - -CH2- gauche-

    tBu - -CH2- gauche

    (?

    * @ -, " , " ,

    0, (+

    CH3

    H

    H

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

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    H

    H

    H

    H

    HH

    H

    HtBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    CH3

    H

    H

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    BOTE

    H

    HH

    HH

    tBuCH3

    HH

    tBuCH3

    HH

    HH

    H

    H

    HH

    HtBu

    HH

    CH3

    SILLAtBu ecuatorial; Me axial- Tensin de torsin: NO- CH3 - tBu gauche- CH3 - -CH2- gauche

    - Tensin de torsin: SI

    SILLAtBu axial; Me ecuatorial- Tensin de torsin: NO- CH3 - tBu gauche-

    tBu - -CH2- gauche

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    0, (+.

    0, (+.

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    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

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    CH3

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    HH

    H3CH

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H3C

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    BOTE

    CH3

    HH

    HH

    tBuH

    H H

    tBuH

    HH3C

    HH

    H

    H

    H3CH

    HtBu

    HH

    H

    SILLAtBu ecuatorial; Me axial- Tensin de torsin: NO- CH3 - -CH2- gauche

    - Tensin de torsin: SI

    SILLAtBu axial; Me ecuatorial- Tensin de torsin: NO-

    tBu - -CH2- gauche

    H

    H

    H

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H3C

    H

    H

    H

    H

    HH

    H3CH

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    CH3

    H

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    BOTE

    H

    H3CH

    HH

    tBuH

    HH

    tBuCH3

    HH

    H3CH

    H

    CH3

    HH

    HtBu

    HH

    CH3

    SILLAtBu y Me en ecuatorial- Tensin de torsin: NO - Tensin de torsin: SI

    SILLAtBu y Me en axial

    - Tensin de torsin: NO- CH3 - -CH2- gauche-

    tBu - -CH2- gauche

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    H

    H

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    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H3C

    H

    H

    CH3H

    H

    H

    HH

    H

    HtBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    CH3

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    BOTE

    H

    HH

    H3CH

    tBuH

    HH

    tBuH

    HH

    HH

    CH3

    H

    HCH3

    HtBu

    HH

    H

    SILLAtBu y Me en ecuatorial- Tensin de torsin: NO - Tensin de torsin: SI

    SILLAtBu y Me en axial

    -Tensin de torsin: NO-

    tBu - -CH2- gauche- Me - -CH2- gauche

    H

    H

    H

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    CH3

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H3C

    H

    H

    HH

    H

    HtBu

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H3C

    H

    H

    H

    H

    tBu

    H

    H

    H

    BOTE

    H

    HCH3

    HH

    tBuH

    H H

    tBuCH3

    HH

    H3CH

    H

    H

    HH

    H3C tBu

    HH

    CH3

    SILLAtBu ecuatorial; Me axial

    - Tensin de torsin: NO- CH3 - -CH2- gauche

    - Tensin de torsin: SI

    SILLAtBu axial; Me ecuatorial

    - Tensin de torsin: NO-

    tBu - -CH2- gauche

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    CH3 ClCH4 + Cl2 + HClh o

    $ "

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    Cl2h o Cl2

    H " !

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    & " 3 , 3 >

    *

    Cl + CH4 Cl H + CH3

    CH3 + Cl2 CH3 Cl + Cl

    . , 3

    #* "

    Cl + Cl Cl

    CH3 + Cl CH3 Cl

    Cl

    CH3 + CH3 CH3 CH3

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    Cl2h o Cl2

    ClCH4 +HClCH3 +

    CH3ClCl +

    CH4+Cl2

    INICIACIN PROPAGACIN

    Curso de la reaccin

    GKcal/mol

    / ? 0

    FJ .A ;= - .

    & " 3 , " 1 F K ( / ? 0

    J -. J .5 (= .-. JJ .J A. A ; (

    - J.J J (5 . ; A (.

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    C R3

    R1

    R2

    R1 CR2

    R3

    " .

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    FM D FM D "

    . (5 ; .. < 5 .

    ! < = !. = A !"

    ! < -; !. = - !

    !. < . !.. A !

    L 6 L & L .

    !7

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    CH3 CH2 CH3

    CH3 CH2 CH2

    CH3 CH CH3

    + CH3 CH2 CH2 Cl CH3 CH CH3Cl

    +

    REACTIVIDAD RELATIVA (a 25)

    572

    436

    4

    1

    REACTIVIDAD TERICA:REACTIVIDAD EXPERIMENTAL (25C)REACTIVIDAD EXPERIMENTAL(600C)

    6:243:573:1

    REACTIVIDAD RELATIVA (a 600)

    11

    33

    1

    1

    ( . K (-;

    $ " "

    CH3 CH CH3 + +

    REACTIVIDAD RELATIVA (a 25)

    361

    649

    51

    REACTIVIDAD TERICA:REACTIVIDAD EXPERIMENTAL (a 25C)REACTIVIDAD EXPERIMENTAL (a 600C)

    9:164:3680:20

    CH3

    CH3 CH CH2CH3

    CH3 C CH3CH3

    CH3 CH CH2CH3

    Cl CH3 C CH3CH3

    Cl

    ! ! !./;F+3 ( ( (-;F+3 ( - ;? (;5 F+3 ( ; (A5 5

    !7

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    1 7 *

    3 ,

    6 1 SO2Cl2

    Iniciador radicalario

    Cl+ SOCl2 + HCl

    0 &,@ +" 8

    0? H

    H

    H? H6 +H? 6

    NBS =

    Iniciador radicalario

    Br+ N

    O

    O

    H

    NO O

    Br

    3 ,

    , 3 "

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    Br2

    hBr Br

    Cl2

    hCl

    Cl

    !7

    Cl

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    H

    m-CPBA

    H3C

    O

    OO

    H

    cido peractico

    tBu-O-O-H

    terc-butilhidroperxido

    N NC C CH3CN

    CH3H3C

    CN

    CH3

    AIBN

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    C5H12 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O +

    @ #3 " 1+1>

    Alcanos pequeos (mezcla compleja)

    Alcano grande600C

    $

    600CPtO2 (kat.)

    600CPd (kat.)

    ! )*(+

    7 " + 1+

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    600CNi (cat.)

    H2, 1atm

    Pd (cat.)

    + H2

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    /,&

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    H%

    N 7

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    B 3 + +

    " " O .5 (- (

    1 , 2

    P " , .5 A5 ;A (5 (; 4 7

    B 5 5 5 A( (5 (;

    C 5 5 .5 5 ((= ;5

    B , .5 5 -5 5 (5 (5 -5

    ! L -5 5 L 5 (5 A5 &