revista anda 53

Upload: wwwandacolcom

Post on 13-Apr-2018

248 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    1/60

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    2/60

    >

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    3/60

    LQFUJ

    D@U-XC@

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    4/60

    8

    ^srvlr9Elrtlgdl9y5hjetunr.Fdaj9ejdgrsjMejdgrsjhpuncfefhlh.ejoX`cs.9>650->681-Nt.

    Elrtlgdl

    @c Ejdgr`sj Ejcjonfldj h` ]uncfefhlh `s `c os

    fopjrtldt` `v`dtj `opr`slrflc h`c s`etjr. U` r`l-cfzl elhl hjs ljs h`sh`

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    5/60

    0

    qu s` h`el `d cls r`h`s sjeflc`sh` tjhls plrt`s, nuselojs ejfdef-h`defls dtr` cjs os vldgulrhfstlsh` cl puncfefhlh y h` cl ejoudfel-efd, qu `stlnld blef`dhj cjs osgrldh`s ldudefldt`s, cjs o`hfjsos fopjrtldt`s y cls lg`defls osh`stlelhls y cjgrlojs h`ilr plslr cjlnruolhjr y djs ejde`dtrlojs `d cj`s`deflc, r`eu`rhl Olrt`cj, "@dejd-trlojs l bjonr`s y oui`r`s, dfjs,

    iv`d s, lhuctjs `opjh rlhjs pjreu`dtl h` cj qu` c`s `std p`roftf`d-hj cls du`vls t`edjcjgls h` cl fd-ajrolefd, p`rj l cl v`z cjs vfojsvucd`rlhjs h` udl ajrol u jtrl

    pjr cj qu` xfg` st` du`vj d-tjrdj; ldsfjsjs, la`etlhjs@dejdtrlojs l p`rsjdlsr`spjdslnc`s, ejdsef`dt`s,qu` quf`r`d lpjrtlr. "@d-t`dhfojs cls pr`jeuplefj-d`s ejoud`s gcjnlc`s h`cl g`dt` h` lqu, qu` sjdcls ofsols h` cl g`dt`h` cl Fdhfl, h` Eldlh, h`Q`d`zu`cl y h` tjhls plr-

    t`s, y `op`zlojs l hlrc`ajrol l `sls fh`ls ejou-d`s j ejc`etfvls qu` `ccjs, `sh`efr, djsjtrjs ofsojs ejojfdhfvfhujs `stlojs lpjyldhj,y sjnr` cls eulc`s tjolojs le-efjd`s p`rsjdlc`s qu` ejoplrtf-ojs, j l cls qu` djs suolojs plrlble`r pjsfnc`s ojvfcfzlefjd`s,qu` prjpfef`d cl r`lcfzlefdh` cjs fh`lc`s qu` tjhjst`d`ojs9 `c pcld`tl

    qu` qu`r`ojs, cl sj-ef`hlh qu` sjlojs, cjsvlcjr`s qu` ljrlojs, cjsh`r`ebjs qu` `xfgfojs y pjr cjtldtj, cjs prjhuetjs qu` djs ejdje`dy r`sp`tld, cls olrels `d qu` qu`r`-ojs ejdaflr, cl puncfefhlh qu` `sp`-rlojs, cl ejoudfelefd qu` nusel-ojs. V h` sl r`ac`xfd cc`glojs l 'H`fh`ls l fh`lc`s'".

    H@ FH@LU L FH@LC@U @U @CX@OL H@C EJDG^@UJEjdjefhj `c nrf`a,s` cc`g l `st` ol-

    dfaf`stj9

    "H` cl fh`l lc fh`lc. Cl hfa`r`deflplr`e` p`qu`l, p`rj udl 'C' pu`h`ble`r h`c oudhj ud cuglr o`ijr, udl

    'C' pu`h` suolr elhl fh`l qu` t`d-glojs l udl elusl os grldh`, lud ojvfof`dtj qu` ejdvjqu` l h`-e`dls, l ef`dtjs, l ofc`s l ofccjd`s,blstl ejdv`rtfrs` `d ud fh`lc.

    Pd prjpsftj qu` v`l os lcc h`cejdsuofhjr y r`ejdjzel lc buoldj,qu` luo`dt` cl plrtfefplefd `d cjsfdhfa`r`dt`s os qu` `d `c o`relhj.Elhl olrel tf`d` lcgj qu` pu`h`lpjrtlr y tjhj `st `d du`strlsoldjs.Blglojs qu` cls olrels dj bl-nc`d os h` s ofsols, sfdj h`tjhjs, qu` s`ld r`c`vldt`s plrlcl r`lcfhlh h` cl vfhl, plrl cj qu`plsl lqu y lbjrl, qu` trle`d `celofdj h` leefd plrl trldsajr-olr `c oudhj".

    @c oldfaf`stj s udl fdvftlefd l clr`fdv`defd. U` quf`r` qu` lg`d-

    efls ldudefldt`s, o`hfjs, ygr`ofjs s` lplsfjd`d ejd udldu`vl `tlpl h` cl fdhustrfl.L plrtfr h` `s` oldfaf`stjqu` yl ejdje`ojs, ejdafrolA`rdldhj Olrt`cj, cl lg`d-hl lelhofel qu` `stlojspr`plrldhj `stlr ajrolhlpjr letjr`s', h` cl puncfefhlh,`c o`relh`j y cls ejoudfel-efjd`s; prjtlgjdfstls dlefj-

    dlc`s ` fdt`rdlefjdlc`s, qu`h`sh` elhl udj h` sus onftjsdjs ojstrlrd ejd r`ac`xfjd`s

    prjpfls, `i`opcjs y elsjs r`lc`squ` `std lyuhldhj l elonflr `c

    oudhj, l pjd`rcj `d cl hfr`eefdfh`lc. `sp`rlojs qu` djs fdspfr`d

    l tjhjs, qu` djs ou`str`d elof-djs, djs h`d ud t`ol plrl

    r`ac`xfjdlr y lrguo`d-tjs plrl `drfqu`e`rcl s`defl h`c s`etjr.

    DP@UX^J@\PF]J

    Cl lg`defl h` puncfefhlh s`-c`eefjdlhl pjr cl iudtl hfr`etfvl h`cEjdgr`sj plrl h`slrrjcclr cl elopl-l au` Jgfcvy & Oltb`r. Uu rlefjdlcer`ltfvj, cj `xpcfel A`cfp` Laldlhjr,g`r`dt`9 @d pjels plclnrls cl folg`d

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    6/60

    1

    qu` r`pr`s`dtl "H` fh`ls l fh`lc`s

    surgf trls udl s`rf` h` trldsajr-olefjd`s. @d prfdefpfj, `c r`a`r`dt`cgfej plrl cl plclnrl FH@L au` udnjonfccj y plrl cl plclnrl FH@LC au`ud oudhj. ]`rj djs `dejdtrlojs

    L cj qu` vf`d`

    OL^L EL^JCFDL O@IL WFCCU, LDPDEFLDX@9@st` `v`dtj `s ud vlcfjsj `splefj, tldtj h`sh``c pudtj h` vfstl h`c lpr`dhfzli` ejoj h`c r`-

    clefjdlof`dtj. Djs p`roft` ejdtfdulr ajrtlc`-ef`dhj du`strl ajrolefd `d t`ols r`clefjdl-hjs ejd cl letulcfhlh y cls du`vls t`dh`defls`d `c oudhj h` cl puncfefhlh y cl g`stfd h`olrel. Lh`os, djs p`roft` plrtfefplr h` clsou`strls ejo`reflc`s y `dejdtrlrdjs ejojgr`ofj ejd du`strjs ejc`gls, plrl ejoplrtfrfdt`r`s`s ` fdquf`tuh`s ejoud`s, `xp`rf`d-efls, pretfels y elsjs h` xftj.

    e

    Jgfcvy & Oltb`r9 "@c Ejdgr`sj `s udl jpjrtudfhlh plrl r`fdv`dtlrdjs, slcfrdjs h` cl elil, vjcv`r l `dlojrlrdjs,`dejdtrlr y lcfo`dtlr cl `s`defl h` ud trlnlij `d `c qu` bly ouebls arustrlefjd`s, p`rj tlonfd ouebjs xftjs.Ufd sjctlr `c le`c`rlhjr `d `c d`gjefj, `c Ejdgr`sj djs r`eu`rhl qu` cj qu` ble`ojs `s nleldj y qu` pjh`ojstrlse`dh`r y h`ilr bu`ccl.

    Iuld]lncjcvlr`z,hfr`etj

    rer`-

    ltfvjiudtjlcgrupjh`J

    gfcvy&

    Oltb`rqu``st`delrglhjh`ble`rclelo

    pllplrl`cEjdgr`sj

    ejd qu` `c njonfccj `rl arj, dlhl bu-

    oldj y s` trltlnl h` buoldfzlr `ct`ol. V lh`os cl fog`d h`c oud-hj qu` d`e`sftlnlojs trldsoftfr `rlcl h` ud oudhj vfvj ud oudhj qu`djs sf`dt` y lc qu` s`dtfojs. @d ejd-

    ecusfd, h`spus h` ud trlnlij fd-t`dsj y plslr pjr ouebjs rlefjdl-c`s cjgrlojs er`lr udl folg`d qu`buoldfzlnl `c ejde`ptj,. ejdecuy`Laldlhjr.@sjs prfo`rjs fdt`dtjs h` folg`d,

    sjd cjs qu` ejoj prfofefl lejopl-ld `st` t`xtj. "@d cl iudtl sf`opr`c`s fdsfstfojs d dejdtrlr udl fol-g`d ecfhl, buoldl, os ojefjdlc,`d su ojo`dtj cj r`ejrh A`rdldhjOlrt`cj.

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    7/60

    7

    J^GLDFYL @UXL Q@^UFD9

    LUJEFLEFD

    DLEFJDLC H@

    LDPDEFLDX@U H@

    EJCJONFL LDHL

    www.ejdgr`sjh`puncfefhlh.ejoFDAJ^OLEFDCjs plrtfefpldt`s h`n`d hfcfg`deflr `c ajrouclrfj

    h` fdserfpefd qu` s` `deu`dtrl `d cl pgfdl w`n

    www.ejdgr`sjh`puncfefhlh.ejo ` fdhf-elr cl ajrol h` plgj. @st` pu`h` ble`rs` ejd tlri`tlh` erhftj, `d `a`etfvj j eb`qu`. Uf s` r`lcfzl ejd eb`-qu`, h`n` `dvflr l cls jafefdls h`c ejdgr`sj elcc` 62Dj.6-=5 ja.1=1, LDHL, `c ejrr`spjdhf`dt` ejoprj-

    nldt`. @c vlcjr tjtlc h` cl fdserfpefd h`n`r s`r eld-e`clhj ldt`s h` fdfeflrs` `c Ejdgr`sj, dj s` lhoft`dplgjs plreflc`s.

    OLVJ^ FDAJ^OLEFD9

    LDHLEjdgr`sj Ejcjonfldj h` ]uncfefhlhEclrl Elrvlilc Prfn`Hfr`etjrl @i`eutfvl

    ejdgr`sjMejdgr`sjh`puncfefhlh.ejo

    lsfst`dt`Mejdgr`sjh`puncfefhlh.ejoX`cajdjs9 >650 / >681Njgjt

    CL FDQFXLEFD @U ]L^LXJHJU.Olrl Elrjcfdl O`il h` Wfccs, g`-r`dt` h` puncfefhlh h` Uurlo`rfel-

    dl U.L. y r`pr`s`dtldt` h` LDHL `dcl iudtl hfr`etfvl h`c Ejdgr`sj, su-nrly9 "Ejoj ldudefldt`s t`d`ojsudl r`spjdslnfcfhlh ejd `c pls.H`n`ojs plrtfr h` cjs prfdefpfjsqu` jrf`dtld l du`strls ejoplls.@st` `s ud `splefj prjpfefj plrl h`-nltfr sjnr` fdt`r`s`s ejoud`s h`cs`etjr, plrl ejdstrufr pls y h`sl-rrjcclr pretfels r`spjdslnc`s `d clpuncfefhlh, fh`dtfafelr t`dh`defls h`ejdsuoj lejrh`s ejd du`strj ejd-t`xtj, ejd `c o`hfj lonf`dt` y `ch`slrrjccj `ejdofej y sjeflc.Cjs `sp`rlojs `d Elrtlg`dlplrl e c nrlr c RQFFF Ejdgr`sjEjcjonfldj h ]uncfefhlh, ud`splefj h `deu`dtrj, h r`-ac xfd y h er`efof dtj plrldu`strl clnjr, du`strl fdhus-trfl y du`strj pls.

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    8/60

    Jetunr` y 5 / Bjt`c Cls Lorfels, Elrtlg`dl

    QLCJ^ H@ CLU FDUE^F]EFJD@U - Fdecufhj FQL

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    9/60

    COs9]lrl ejdje`r `c fdajro`Gjjh ]urpjs` h` WAL y @h`coldN`rcldh cj fdvftlojs l vfsftlr9 www.ldhlejc.ejo ^`vfstl Dj. 05 /Lrebf-vj/ WAL&@hc`oldZ]uttfdgZ]urpj-s`ZfdtjZOlrk`tfdg.ppt

    ]L^L XPFX@L^tDu`v` h` elhl hf`z `deu`s-

    tlhjs er`` qu` cls `opr`sls h`-n`d pr`stlr fgulc lt`defd l susn`d`afefjs ejoj l cjs fdt`r`s`sh` cl sjef`hlh.t 71 % h` cjs ejdsuofhjr`s

    `std h` leu`rhj `d qu` udl `o-

    pr`sl sjpjrt` elusls y blgl hf-d`rj ejd `ccj lc ofsoj tf`opj.t 1= % h` cjs ejdsuofhjr`s

    lafro qu` blnftulco`dt` lpjylcls "nu`dls elusls.t 11% h` cjs hfr`etjr`s h`

    o`relh`j ejfdefh`d `d qu` clsolrels ejd prjpsftj ltrl`do`ijr tlc`dtj l sus r`sp`etfvlsejoplls.

    L prjpsftj h`c t`olh`c hefoj jetvj Ejdgr`sj Ej-cjonfldj h` ]uncfefhlh, cl r`hleefd h` cl r`vfstl LDHLbl `dejdtrlhj `dtr` sus lrebfvjs, cjs r`suctlhjs h` udfdajro` puncfelhj pjr cl WAL `d `d`rj h` >=

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    10/60

    =1

    >2

    5>

    51

    8>

    88

    82

    0>

    01

    02

    CJ \P@ QF@D@

    @HFXJ^FLC

    @EJDJOL

    ]J^XLHL

    @D CL OF^L

    OL^K@XFDG

    EJOPDFELEFD

    @D @C O@HFJ

    LDHL/DLHL

    B@^^LOF@DXLU

    @DX^@ @C XFDX@^J

    EJVPDXP^L

    FDX@^DLEFJDLC

    BJO@DLI@

    O@OJ FLU LC QF@DXJ

    RQFFF Ejdgr`sj Ejcjonfldj h` ]uncfefhlh.

    ]uncfefhlh, pldjrlol oudhflc l >====; lsqu` `o-p`zlojs pjr `xlofdlr cls t`dh`d-efls oudhflc`s, jns`rvlojs ejdh`t`dfof`dtj cj qu`s` h`ely pjr

    LDHL cfh`rl. y 5 h`jetunr`, Elrtlg`dlh`Fdhfls

    VL QF@D@

    @C RQFFFEJDG^@UJEJCJONFLDJ H@ ]PNCFEFHLH

    LDHL cj qu` vf`d`

    A`rdldhj Olrt`cj, hfr`etjrlelhofej

    h`cejdgr`sj9cllg`dhllelhofelqu`b`-

    ojs pcld`lhj nuselqu`

    cjs plrtfefpldt`s lcejdgr`sj s`sf`dtld

    fdspfrlhjs , ejdjzeld jtrjs elofdjs,

    du`vjs t`ols plrlr`ac`xfjdlry er`lr, y lc

    ofsoj tf`opj deu`dtr`d lrguo`dtjs plrl

    `drfqu`e`rcl`s`deflh`cs`etjr.

    LUJEFL EFD D LEFJDL C H@

    LDPDEFLDX@U H@ EJCJONFL

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    11/60

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    12/60

    Cl fdv`rsfd puncfeftlrfl `d tjhj `c oudhjgjzl-r prjnlnc`o`dt` h` ud er`efof`dtj ejdstldt` lcj clrgj h` cjs ljs blstl >= % d >== %, y prjnlnc`o`dt`s`r r`ajrzlhj pjr jtrj nu`d lj `d >==

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    13/60

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    14/60

    ==G^AFEJ D.J

    = %, ilcjdlhj pjr `c ela qu` s``xpldhf `d >>,5 %, udl o`gltlslgrlefls l qu` cl prjhueefd pls h`2 ofccjd`s h` slejs `d >= l elsf====

    5

    8

    0

    1

    7

    2

    6

    -8,6 8,6 8,1 8,5

    5, 8,5

    U`rvfefjssjeflc`s,

    ejoudlc`syp`rsjdlc`s

    Ejdstrueefd

    Lgrjp`eulrfj,

    elzl,

    sfcvfeucturlyp`sel

    @xpcjtlefdh`ofdls

    yeldt`rls

    Uuofdfstrjh``c`etrfefhlh,

    glsylgul

    Afdldef`rjs,

    s`gurjs,

    letfvfhlh`s

    fdojnfcflrflsys`rvfefjslcls

    `opr`sls

    Ejo`refj,

    r`plrlefd,

    r`stlurldt`sybjt`c`s

    Xrldspjrt`,

    lcole`dlof`dtjy

    ejoudfelefjd`s

    Fdhustrfls

    oldualetur`rls

    Qlcjrlgr`glhj

    ]FN

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    15/60

    ===== %, `s h`efr, ud er`efof`dtj sfofclrlc h` >==,0 1,=

    Lrg`dtfdl >,2 7,8

    Ejcjonfl 8,>

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    16/60

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    17/60

    8 pudtjs y Oldfzlc`s ejd 8>5pudtjs `stuvf`rjd pjr `defol h` clefarl ejcjonfldl.

    U`gd cl Pdfv`rsfhlh h` Utldajrh,`st tfpj h pru`nls tf`d`d udgrld fopletj `d `c er`efof`dtj`ejdofej h` ud pls pjrqu``c dfv`c h` blnfcfhlh`s ejgdftf-vls h` cjs `stuhfldt`s ls`gurler`efof`dtjs `ejdofejs oshfdofejs `d `c auturj.

    @D >=,8NFCCJD@UAP@ CL FDQ@^UFD]PNCFEFXL^FL H@ CJULDPDEFLDX@U]lrl fdajrolefd h` cjs ldudefld-t`s `c eulhrj d.j> r`gfstrl cl fdv`r-sfd puncfeftlrfl pjr o`hfjs d ajrolejoplrltfvl `dtr` c >= y >=,8 nfccjd`s h` p`-sjs cj qu` r`pr`s`dtl ud fder`o`dtjh` ,7 % sjnr` cls efarls puncfelhls`d `c lj >=.H` cls efarls h`c eulhrj d.j> s` pu`-h` fda`rfr qu` cl olyjr plrtfefplefd`d `c tjtlc h` cl tjrtl puncfeftlrfl cl

    sfgu` oldt`df`dhj cl t`c`vfsfd dl-efjdlc (Elrlejc y ^ED) ejd 80 % y suer`efof`dtj au` h` 0,5 %, `s h`efr, pjr`defol h`c ]FN qu` `stuvj `d 8,5 %.@c er`efof`dtj h` cjs p`rfhfejs stu-vj lajrlhj `d 58,> % y `st fdacu`d-eflhj pjr du`vls au`dt`s h` fdgr`sjejoj eclsfafelhjs, r`vfstls h` pr`d-sl y puncfefhlh hfgftlc qu` `d `c lj>= dj s` fdejrpjrlnld lc eceucj.

    Xjhjs cjs o`hfjs er`ef`rjd, ejd `x-e`pefd h` cls r`vfstls qu` tuvf`rjdud c`v` h`se`dsj h` -=.111 ofccjd`s, elsf c hjnc`h` cl fdv`rsfd `d r`vfstls y qu` r`-pr`s`dt ud `xftjsj er`efof`dtj h`5=.= - >=

    5`r.trfo`str`>= >== - >== >== >== r`pjrtlhls pjr OFDXFE l a`nr`rj 1 h` >=6.=67 >2.>,7

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    18/60

    =

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    19/60

    =

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    20/60

    >=

    trueturl qu` s` ejdvfrtf `d `c Bjt`c]leafej h` ]lstj. "Ouebjs cj r`eu`r-hld ejoj c Bjt`c Oldt`qufccl, pjr cl

    g`d`rjsfhlh qu` of olhr` t`dl lcs`rvfr cl oldt`qufccl iudtj l cl o`r-o`clhl, cl rlefd qu` elhl ejo`dslcc`s pjdl l sus pld`s `rl suafef`dt`plrl ble`rc` `c quft` lc lcou`rzj ycc`glr `d cl djeb` l nuselr cl e`dl".G`dt`, elhl v`z os g`dt`, elhl v`zo`ijr lt`dhfhl, elhl v`z o`ijr r`-efnfhl, cjs ljs trldseurrf`rjd. @d`s` lonf`dt` er`ef Oldar`hj Cfds-k`r y euldhj cc`g `c ojo`dtj, sus

    plhr`s cj `dvflrjd l cl Pdfv`rsfhlhh` Ejrd`cc `d @stlhjs Pdfhjs. Cl pl-r`il Cfdsk`r cj t`dl eclrj, dj nlstl-nl ejd cl su`rt` h` `stlr `d `c cuglrfdhfelhj, blnl qu` fdv`rtfr, fddjvlr,er`e`r y pr`plrlr l cl sfguf`dt` g`d`-rlefd `d `c d`gjefj. Xrls efdej ljsh` elrr`rl Oldar`hj tuvj cl jpjrtu-dfhlh h` udfrs` l cl Elh`dl BfctjdFdt`rdlefjdlc, fdfef h`sh` cl ejefdl,

    pr`plrldhj bu`vjs; hls, o`s`s yljs lpr`dhf`dhj y `selcldhj p`c-hljs `d `stl prja`sfd au`rjd ejd-

    sjcfhldhj cls nls`s h` cl qu` s`rlsu elrr`rl `dtr` ud pls y jtrj, udleucturl y jtrl, ud bjt`c y jtrj.

    FDA^L@UX^PEXP^L V ]^@]L^LEFDDj `s ejfdefh`defl, cjs r`suctlhjsejds`gufhjs pjr cl alofcfl Cfdsk`rr`spjdhld l ud jni`tfvj. Lbjrl nf`d,sf blnclojs h` cjs h`stfdjs turstf-ejs ejd olyjr h`slrrjccj `d `c oud-hj ejoj Lsfl y `c ]leafej ejd >82

    ofccjd`s h` vfsftldt`s y l cl v`z p`d-slojs d h`stfdjs cltfdjlo`rfeldjsejd er`efof`dtjs qu` sjnr`plsld lch` Ejcjonfl ejoj ]ldlo y @eul-hjr, `dejdtrlojs, ejoj s` lpr`efl`d `c Fdajro` sjnr` Ejop`tftfvfhlh`d Qfli`s y Xurfsoj >== %.

    LDHL pjrtlhl

    \P C@ ALCXL L EJCJONFL ]L^L EJO]@XF^:@d `c rldkfdgoudhflc sjnr` elpftlc buoldj, hfv`rsf-

    hlh eucturlc y r`eursjs dlturlc`s h`c W@A, Ejcjonfl

    jeupl `c pu`stj 58, ]ldlo `c 80 y @eulhjr `c 01. V

    `stl `s sjcj udl h` cls fdduo`rlnc`s ajrtlc`zls h`

    Ejcjonfl, ejd cls eulc`s pu`h` cc`glr l s`r ud iugl-

    hjr fopjrtldt` h` cl r`gfd, eclrj `st sf`opr` qu`

    s` sjcuefjd`d lsp`etjs ejoj9

    =->=. Cl er`lefd h` udl v`rhlh`rl pjctfel trldsv`rslc

    plrl cl fdhustrfl h`c turfsoj - Nlstl ofrlr l pls`sv`efdjs ejoj Fsrl`c, @spll, Oxfej, ]ldlo y @eul-

    hjr r`ef`dt`o`dt` hjdh` `c turfsoj bl sfhj ejd-

    sfh`rlhj `i` audhlo`dtlc y trldsv`rslc h` cl pjctfel

    `ejdofel y sjeflc h` sus r`sp`etfvjs gjnf`rdjs.

    5. Pd ofdfst`rfj h`hfelhj pjr `dt`rj lc turfsoj.8.Fdajrolefd eulcftltfvl y euldtftltfvl ajrolc.

    0.Nfcfdgfsoj.1. Ajrolefd d s`rvfefj.7. Olyjr ejd`etfvfhlh lr`l, ef`cjs lnf`rtjs.

    Oldar`hj Cfdsk`r9 "Ujojs ud gr`ofj lealcj, sf`dtj qu` dj s``st tjoldhj `d s`rfj cl fopjrtldefl h` `stl fdhustrfl sfd ebf-

    o`d`ls, cls o`hfhls qu` lhjptl, `i`eutl y prjpjd` `c gjnf`rdjsjd fdsuafef`dt`s y pjej `strueturlhls", "D`e`sftlojs ud of-dfst`rfj h`hfelhj pjr `dt`rj lc turfsoj".

    H@UH@ CL ]@^U]@EXFQL CFDUK@^,

    OQfh`j9Q`l `d www.ldhlejc.ejo, cl dtr`vfstl ejdOldar`hj Cfdsk`r.

    http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=824
  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    21/60

    >< pls`splrl h`t`rofdlr eoj `s vfstl clr`gfd y elhl udj h` sus pls`s r`s-p`etj l su pjt`deflc ejoj h`stfdjturstfej y h` d`gjefjs. Cls vlrfl-

    nc`s eclv`s h` `st` `stuhfj ejdsf-h`rld Xurfsoj, ]ltrfojdfj y Euctu-rl, Ufst`ol h` Qlcjr`s, Elcfhlh h`Qfhl y Lptftuh plrl cjs D`gjefjs. Vcjs r`suctlhjs prjvf`d`d h` cl suolh` cl fdv`stfglefd euldtftltfvl, jpf-dfjd`s h` `xp`rtjs y udl `deu`stlhfgftlc l ejdsuofhjr`s blnftulc`s.]lclnrls os, plclnrls o`djs, `st`fdajro` ejdecuy` qu` Cltfdjlorf-el `s vlcjrlhl ejoj ud h`stfdj r`-

    er`ltfvj os qu` h` d`gjefjs y `dg`d`rlc tjhjs cjs `deu`stlhjs tf`-d`d `xp`etltfvls sjnr` eoj s`rsu h`s`op`j `d `c auturj. V `c tjpja ofdh`d cl ou`strl cj jeupld9 `cejcjr, cl osfel, `c ecfol y cl elcfh`z`ojefjdlc qu` p`refn`d h` plrt` h`cjs cltfdjs.@c s`gudhj `s `c Fdajro` sjnr`Ejop`tftfvfhlh `d Qfli`s y Xurfsoj>==

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    22/60

    >>

    8. Le`rel h` pjsfnfcfhlh`s h` ej-d`xfd fdt`rdlefjdlc9 @spll 0,2;]ldlo 1,1; Arldefl 1,8; Ejcjonfl8,8; @eulhjr 8,8.0. \u tldtj c sfst`ol hueltfvj h`cpls lyuhl l udl `ejdjol h` X&X

    ejop`tftfvl:9 Ejcjonfl 5,1; @eulhjr5,5; ]ldlo 5,= y @spll 5,0.1. Eoj `st cl fdv`stfglefd `s-p`eflcfzlhl y `c `dtr`dlof`dtj `d

    X&X:9 @spll 8,6; ]ldlo 8,1; Ej-cjonfl 8,=

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    23/60

    >5

    a`ebl, os tlrh` r`efnf `c e`rtfafel-hj h` elcfhlh FUJ >>.=== y cl e`rtf-afelefd N]O Nu`dls ]retfels h`Oldualeturl, p`rj `sj dj nlst, lc

    tf`opj, cjs r`suctlhjs h` cl jp`rl-efd unfelrjd lc Ejsojs

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    24/60

    >8

    Cl trldsplr`defl h` o`hfjsbl sfhj udl pr`jeuplefder`ef`dt` plrl cjs of`onrjs h` cl WAL y au` elcfafelhlejoj "suol prfjrfhlh" pjr 68 % h` O@HFLAJ^PO `d-eu`stl h` prfjrfhlh`s >=== o`relhjs pjr WAL, @nf-qufty y X`c`o`try fh`dtfafel y pjd` h` r`cf`v` cjs pls`s ejd o`djr`s dfv`c`sh` trldsplr`defl `d `c o`relhj h` o`hfjs h` ejoudfelefd, cjs aletjr`s r`s-

    pjdslnc`s h` cl cfoftlefd h` cl vfsfnfcfhlh h` ldudefldt`s y cls slcvlgulrhlsqu` s` pu`h`d fopc`o`dtlr.]jr Wjrch A`h`rltfjd ja Lhv`rtfs`rs, WAL*.

    * @st` hjeuo`dtj `s ud `i`opcj h` cjs n`d`afefjs qu` hfsarutld cjs of`onrjs h` cl WAL.

    http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=826
  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    25/60

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    26/60

    >1

    pr`vlc`defl h`c "`splefj cfnr`", jar`efhj pjr cjs prjpf`tl-rfjs h` o`hfjs y utfcfzlhj pjr cls lg`defls plrl hfv`rsjsafd`s qu` dj cjs n`d`afefld y qu` lh`os dj `std sp`-efafelhjs `d cjs ejdtrltjs.

    Jtrj h` cjs prjnc`ols h`t`etlhjs pjr cjs ldudefldt`ssjd cjs fdt`dtjs r`lcfzlhjs pjr cjs prjpf`tlrfjs h` cjso`hfjs h` ejoudfelefd plrl r`strfdgfr cjs h`r`ebjs h`luhftjrl h` plrt` h` cjs ldudefldt`s. @d ejder`tj, lcgu-djs prjpf`tlrfjs h` o`hfjs h` ejoudfelefd bld trltlhjh` llhfr ecusucls l sus ejdtrltjs ejd cls lg`defls, qu`cfoftld `c usj h` cjs hltjs h` ejstjs plrl afd`s h` `vl-culefd ejoplrltfvl.

    PE^LDFL V CLU EJDHFEFJD@U H@ ]LGJ@d `st` pls v`efdj h` ^usfl, nsfelo`dt` su pr`jeupl-efd s` r`clefjdl ejd cls ejdhfefjd`s h` plgj, pjr o`hfjh` cls eulc`s udl lg`defl pu`h` d`gjeflr `c plgj ldtf-efplhj ejd ud ecf`dt` y `c plgj hfa`rfhj ejd ud prjv``-hjr h` o`hfjs h` ejoudfelefd, gldldhj fdt`r`s`s `d `cpr`supu`stj `d cjs o`s`s fdt`ro`hfjs.

    ^@FDJ PDFHJ, ]J^ \P ]LGL^ OUEjd sui`efd l r`vfsfd r`lcfzlhl pjr cl Jaafe` ja Alfr Xrl-hfdg(JAX), s` `dejdtr qu` cls r`nlils "tf`d`d `c pjt`deflch` hfstjrsfjdlr cl old`rl `d qu` s` r`s`rvld cls elopl-ls y luo`dtlr cjs pr`efjs qu` plgld cjs ldudefldt`s".

    LDHL `d cl ofrl

    .Alctl h` QFUFNFCFHLH @D CL ELH@DL H@ UPOFDFUX^J HFGFXLC @U @C ]^JNC@-OL OU EJDUXLDX@`d tjhjs cjs pls`s eunf`rtjs, cj qu` r`ac`il `c er`efof`dtj y clejopc`ifhlh h`c `ejsfst`ol hfgftlc.

    5.A^LDEFL @U @C O@^ELHJ H@ O@HFJU H@ EJOPDFELEFD OU X^LDU]L^@D-X@, grlefls l cl C`y Ulpfd qu` cfoftl `c lcelde` h` cls r`nlils y h`seu`dtjs, ludqu``xfst`d pr`jeuplefjd`s qu` rjh`ld cl elplefhlh h` cl c`y plrl eunrfr cls letfvfhlh`sejo`reflc`s hfgftlc`s.

    Au`dt`9 WAL A`h`rlefd Oudhflc h` Ldudefldt`s, @nfqufty, X`c`o`tryG@D@^LCFHLH@U H@C DHFE@ GCJNLC H@ X^LDU]L^@DEFL H@ O@HFJU

    3 76

    Xrldsplr`deflolyjr

    Xrldsplr`deflo`djr

    2=-26

    6=-66

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    27/60

    >7

    EBFDL, PD ELUJ OU EJO]CFELHJEjd ud pudtli` h`

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    28/60

    >2

    cjs ldudefldt`s sjd jncfglhjs l ejoprlr vfsfnfcfhlh yejopr`dsfd cfoftlhls.

    IL]D, H@UEJDAFLDYL @D CL O@HFEFD]jr `i`opcj cls r`nlils `d Ilpd dj s` p`refn`d tld prj-cafels ejoj `d Ebfdl, p`rj cjs of`onrjs h` cl WAL p`r-efn`d qu` cl tlsl h` trldsa`r`defl h` vu`ctl l cjs ecf`dt`s`s os nlil qu` `d eulcquf`r jtrj o`relhj `d `c dhfe`,

    LDHL `d cl ofrl

    ejd lprjxfolhlo`dt` 70 % r`t`dfhj pjr cls lg`defls. @s`vfh`dt` qu` cls r`nlils sjd ud ejopjd`dt` eclv` `d `c`ejsfst`ol, p`rj `c plp`c qu` h`s`op`ld rlrl v`z s`r`ejdje` pncfelo`dt`.

    Cls grldh`s lg`defls ilpjd`sls sjd h` s`rvfefj ejo-pc`tj9 lg`defl er`ltfvl, lg`defl h` o`hfjs, prjpf`tlrfjh` o`hfjs y olyjrfstl/ofdjrfstl h` o`hfjs dj `s udlejdafgurlefd qu` s` cc`vl nf`d ejd cl trldsplr`defl.Cls grldh`s lg`defls fdt`rdlefjdlc`s tf`d`d hfafeuctlh`splrl ejop`tfr ejd `afelefl `d `st` `dtjrdj.Ilpd tlonfd suar` h` cjs dfv`c`s os nlijs h` ejd-afldzl `d cl o`hfefd h` luhf`defl h` cjs o`hfjs, ejd uddhfe` h` >=7 plrl cl XQ, =.

    @UXLHJU PDFHJU V ELDLHCjs of`onrjs h` cl WAL p`refn`d qu` os h` cl oftlhh` cls r`nlils `d @stlhjs Pdfhjs sjd tpfelo`dt` r`t`-dfhls pjr cls lg`defls, pjr cj qu` s udj h` cjs o`relhjsos ja`dsfvjs `d `c dhfe`. Ufd `onlrgj, `st` prjnc`ols` bl oftfglhj `d ef`rtl o`hfhl pjr `c b`ebj h` qu` cjsvjco`d`s lnsjcutjs sjd p`refnfhjs ejoj ouy nlijs,

    sjcj sup`rlhjs pjr Eldlh.

    Bly `vfh`defl h` qu` cjs prjnc`ols h` `splefj cfnr`,pr``ofd`dt`s `d Lc`oldfl, tlonfd s` `std lafldzld-hj `d @stlhjs Pdfhjs y `d olyjr o`hfhl `d Eldlh.]`rj s` pr`s`dtl ud prjnc`ol ld olyjr `d ajrol h`r`hueefd h` cl s`gurfhlh h` qu` cjs ldudefjs s`ld ej-cjelhjs `d cl o`hfhl qu` s` c`s r`s`rvl, ud prjnc`olsjcj r`su`ctj l trlvs h` ler`hftlefjd`s h` ldudefjs.Cjs prjnc`ols h` trldsplr`defl `d @stlhjs Pdfhjs sjdos ar`eu`dt`s lcr`h`hjr h` cl vfsfnfcfhlh `d cl elh`dlh` suofdfstrj hfgftlc y acuijs h` hfd`rj h` cjs ldudefld-t`s ( % sup`rfjr`s lc prjo`hfj h` o`relhj h` >=), y, `dolyjr o`hfhl, cl prjpf`hlh y cl g`stfd h` hltjs (5= %os lctj).

    L^G@DXFDL, DJ BLV EJFDEFH@DEFLUCls r`nlils sjd `xt`dsls `d Lrg`dtfdl, p`rj l udl tlslh` trldsa`r`defl h` vu`ctl h` lprjxfolhlo`dt` 7= %(h` leu`rhj ejd cls p`re`pefjd`s h` cjs of`onrjs h` clWAL); `st` prjnc`ol s` oftfgl `d lcgudl o`hfhl. Osprjnc`otfel `s cl t`dh`defl l cjs o`hfjs "sfd ejfdef-

    Au`dt`9 WAL A`h`rlefd Oudhflc h` Ldudefld-t`s, @nfqufty, X`c`o`try

    ^@UPO@D H@ X^LDU]L^@DEFL H@O@HFJU @D LO^FEL

    3 76

    Xrldsplr`deflolyjr

    Xrldsplr`deflo`djr

    2=-26

    6=-66

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    29/60

    >600

    h`defl" j "dj aleturlhjs", `c prje`sj pjr `cqu` udl ejoprl h` o`hfjs h` ejoudfelefd`s lejrhlhl pjr `c ecf`dt`, y s` `oft` udljrh`d h` fds`refd (FJ), p`rj `c prjv``hjr djejdsfgu` aleturlr ejrr`etlo`dt`, h` old`rltjtlc j plreflc.L hfa`r`defl h` jtrjs o`relhjs h` LorfelCltfdl, cl o`hfefd h` luhf`defls `d cjs o`-hfjs h` ejoudfelefd `s h` pc`dl ejdafldzl`d Lrg`dtfdl, ejd hltjs h` c`eturl h` pr`dslplrtfeuclro`dt` nf`d ejdsfh`rlhjs.

    N^LUFC, PD H@ULAJ BLUXL]L^L CJU G^LDH@UU` ejdsfh`rl qu` Nrlsfc tf`d` udl s`rf` h`prjnc`ols h` trldsplr`defl, qu` `oldldprfdefplco`dt` h` ud `dtjrdj r`strfetfvj h`lutjrr`guclefd ejo`reflc. Cls lg`defls qu`euopc`d ejd cjs r`qufsftjs tedfejs h`c Ejd-s`cbj @x`eutfv` Djrols ]lhrj (E@D]) tf`-d`d h`r`ebj l r`efnfr blstl >= % h` ejofsfdh` lg`defl, ludqu` `stj s` pu`h` r`huefr l

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    30/60

    5=

    @d `c `dtjrdj h`c ejdsuoj,`c hfdlofsoj `s h` tlc`solgdftuh`s qu` s` bl elceuclhj qu` cjs efdej prfo`rjss`gudhjs `d `c prje`sj h` h`efsfd h` ud ejdsuofhjrprjo`hfj sjd `s`deflc`s plrl cl `c`eefd h` su ejoprl.V hurldt` `st` prje`sj h` ejoprl `c `oplqu` s` ejd-vf`rt` `d `c dfej o`hfj `dtr` ejdsuofhjr y prjhuetj, h`ajrol qu` `c ejoprlhjr dj hfa`r`defl `dtr` prjhuetj y`oplqu`, plrl c sjd cj ofsoj.

    FDDJQLEFD9 CL ^@U]P@UXL L DP@QLUD@E@UFHLH@U

    @s audhlo`dtlc `vjcuefjdlr, tlc ejoj cj ble` du`strjejdsuofhjr, c o`relhj y cls d`e`sfhlh`s h` lonjs. Cjshfs`lhjr`s h` `oplqu`s t`d`ojs, `dtjde`s, `c fop`-rltfvj h` `stuhflr cl `s`defl, dlturlc`zl y trldsajrol-efjd`s p`rold`dt`s h`c ejdsuofhjr. ]lrl ccj ejdtlojsejd lopcfl hfv`rsfhlh h` ajrols, olt`rflc`s y prje`sjs.

    V du`strl `strlt`gfl plrl fddjvlr s` sust`dtl `d cjsprfdefpfjs `s`deflc`s qu` h`afd`d `c plp`c h` ud `opl-qu` ar`dt` lc prjhuetj9 vlcjrlefd, audefjdlcfhlh y ejou-dfelefd, lh`os h` su jni`tfvj prfdefplc, cl prjt`eefd.

    Euldhj s` blncl h` ud oudhj elonfldt`, cls rlzj-d`s plrl tlc lafrolefd slctld l cl vfstl, y cl r`clefd qu``stls tf`d`d ejd cjs `oplqu`s fopcfel lhlptlefjd`s y

    udl lt`defd p`rold`dt` l d`e`sfhlh`s fgulco`dt`elonfldt`s. Pd i`opcj, cl pjrtlnfcfhlh h` cjs prjhuetjsbjy `s ud aletjr hfa`r`deflhjr qu` `c ejdsuofhjr lpr`eflouebj. @stj r spjdh` lh`os lc er`efof`dtj h`c o`r-elhj "Jd Xb` Gj. @stl t`dh`defl s` bl vfstj r`ajrzlhlctfolo`dt` pjr `c surgfof`dtj y cl ejdsjcfhlefd h`t`edjcjgls h` ejoudfelefd, Fdt`rd`t, e`cuclr`s, WfAf,`dtr` ouebls jtrls.

    Jtrj i`opcj9 cl pjnclefd h` lhuctjs olyjr`s bl v`df-hj er`ef`dhj sjst`dfhlo`dt`, cj qu` fopcfel cl d`e`sfhlhh` hfs`lr `oplqu`s ejd c`trls os grldh`s y c`gfnc`s,y ejd sfst`ols h` lp`rturl os s`defccjs qu` alefcft`d l`st` grupj h` usulrfjs udl oldfpuclefd s`defccl y sfdejopcfelefjd`s.

    ]jr jtrl plrt`, cjs bjglr`s sjd bjy os p`qu`js, y su`stlnfcfhlh s ouy vlrflnc`, cj qu` sfgdfafel qu` cls d`e`-sfhlh`s h` ejdsuoj `xfg`d eldtfhlh`s os p`qu`ls.Ls ofsoj, cls h`efsfjd`s h` ejoprl pu`h`d s`r bjyos fdhfvfhulc`s qu` cls h` g`d`rlefjd`s ldt`rfjr`s, cjeulc fdefh` tlonfd d cl pr`s`dtlefd h` prjhuetjs plrlcls d`e`sfhlh`s h` p`rsjdls sjcls.

    @d `se`dlrfjs ejoj `stjs, cl `a`etfvfhlh h` cjs `opl-qu`s bl ejnrlhj tldtl trlse`dh`defl qu` `d jelsfjd`sbl ojtfvlhj ud elonfj `d cl h`afdfefd h` cls prfjrfhl-

    Lc ojo`dtj h`c ejdtletj hfr`etj

    LDHL olrk`tfdg

    ]cld``d sus fdv`rsfjd`s y h`slrrjccjs `d `oplqu`s;sjd cl jpjrtudfhlh h` hfa`r`deflefd y h` o`ijrlr clejop`tftfvfhlh `d `c o`relhj.]jr Lhrfldl Wjcaa H.*

    PD @O]L\P@ CFUXJ]L^L EJO]@XF^

    * Xplek, hfr`etjrl g`d`rlc.

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    31/60

    5

    lceldzlr cjs jni`tfvjs trlzlhjs. Fgulco`dt`, cl fddjvl-efd eunr` ouebjs lsp`etjs, `dtr` cjs qu` s` h`stleldcl hfsofduefd h` ejstjs, olyjr`s dhfe`s h` prjhuetf-vfhlh, o`ijr`s d`gjeflefjd`s ejd cjs prjv``hjr`s, y udlhfsofduefd h`c do`rj h` r`a`r`defls h` prjhuetjs. Uueunrfof`dtj s` `xtf`dh`, lh`os, l lsp`etjs ejoj `co`hfjlonf`dt` y cl sjst`dfnfcfhlh, udl o`ijr prjt`eefdplrl `c prjhuetj, cl `rgjdjol, y cl lhlptlefd l ejdhf-efjd`s `sp`eflc`s h`c o`relhj, ejoj `s `c elsj h` cjsdfebjs `sp`eflcfzlhjs qu` jncfgld l cl prjhueefd h` uddo`rj o`djr h` prjhuetjs y, pjr `dh`, h` sus lpcfel-efjd`s plrtfeuclr`s h` `oplqu`.Lhfefjdlco`dt`, xfst`d cls ejdsfh`rlefjd`s qu` s` pcld-t`ld cjs ejdsuofhjr`s ofsojs, elhl v`z o`ijr fdajrol-hjs y ejd erft`rfjs h` s`c`eefd os `xfg`dt`s9 Eojaudefjdl: Audefjdl plrl o: @s nu`dj plrl o: Eojcj h`s`ebj y eoj audefjdl ejoj nlsurl: Cjs ejdsuof-hjr`s h`c olldl s`rd cjs dfjs h` bjy, l quf`d`s s`c`s `ds`l sjnr` r eup`rlefd h` olt`rflc`s, prjt`eefd

    h`c lgul y h`c o`hfjlonf`dt` .

    CL FDDJQLEFD @U PDL H@EFUFDEjoj r`qufsftjs `xfg` hfsefpcfdl ` fdv`rsfd, y pjr `sjofsoj `s prjnlnc` qu` sus dfv`c`s h` fopc`o`dtlefdvlr`d ejd cls d`e`sfhlh`s y elplefhlh`s h` cls `opr`-sls. ]jr fdt`grlr cls vlrflnc`s h` pr`efj, pr`s`dtlefd,audefjdlcfhlh, elcfhlh, r`spjdslnfcfhlh lonf`dtlc, `dtr`jtrls, cl fddjvlefd `d cjs `oplqu`s r`pr`s`dtl plrlcjs prjhuetjr`s h` nf`d`s udl `strlt`gfl audhlo`dtlc

    h` p`rold`defl `d `c o`relhj, er`efof`dtj h`dtrj h`cjs s`go`dtjs, pjsfefjdlof`dtj y ejdsjcfhlefd h` susolrels.

    Dj pu`hj t`rofdlr st` nr`v` r`ejrrfhj pjr cl fddjvlefd`d cjs oplqu`s sfd o`defjdlr ud letjr h` st` se`dl-rfj qu` st ejnrldhj grld fopjrtldefl9 c sup`ro`relhj.C`dtlo`dt` st h`ildhj su plp`c h` ejo`reflcfzlhjr h`olrels h` jtrls ejoplls, plrl ejo`dzlr l fdecufr `dsu pjrtlajcfj cls cclolhls olrels prjpfls j "ncldels.Lcgudjs sup`ro`relhjs tf`d`d jrf`dtlhls sus `strlt`-gfls l o`ijrlr cjs ejstjs h` cjs prjhuetjs ar`dt` l olr-els ch`r`s d c o`relhj. Ufd onlrgj er``ojs qu` stlsftulefd `vjcuefjdlr `d `c ejrtj pclzj. ]jr qu: Bjy`c sup`ro`relhj tlonfd ejdje` y `dtf`dh` l sus ejd-suofhjr`s, y prjdtj jrf`dtlr `c h`slrrjccj h` sus prj-huetjs ejd sjcuefjd`s djv`hjsls qu` lh`os cjs hfa`-r`def`d h` sus ejop`tfhjr`s `d `c d`gjefj h`c o`duh`j.Uf nf`d lcgudls olrels s` old`ild nlij `c ejde`ptj h`

    prjhuetj lc o`ijr j o`djr pr`efj, prjdtj dejdtrlr`ojsqu` dj `s sjcj `c pr`efj `c aletjr h`efsfvj `d cl ejoprl,ejoj cj o`defjd l cj clrgj h` `st` lrteucj, s`rd jtrlsvlrflnc`s cls qu` la`et`d cl h`efsfd h` ejoprl.

    @c ejdsuofhjr h` bjy fdt`rpr`tl cj qu` v`, jy`, `xp`rfo`dtl, vlcjrl y er``.

    Qf`d` r`elrglhjh` tldtj`oplqu` qu` s`vl lejdv`rtfr`d nlsurl:

    CC`l tlonfd9\u fopucsl `c h`sl-rrjccj h` ud du`vj `oplqu` y prjaudhfe`ouebj os `d cls vlrflnc`s lqu `dudefl-hls d www.ldhlejc.ejo/r`vfstl 05.

    Eoj audefjdl:

    O` lbjrrlrtf`opj:

    O` blr cl vfhlos aefc:

    \u BLVLH@DX^J:

    @s r`lco`dt` o`ijr:

    \u `s cjhfa`r`dt`:

    ]jr qu cj elonflrjd:

    Hurlr:

    \u sjd tjhjs `stjs fdgr`hf`dt`s:

    LDHL olrk`tfdg

    http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=827
  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    33/60

    Xrlnlilojs plrler`lrud auturj o`ijrelhl hlPdfc`v`r tf`d` udl o`tl lonfefjsl h` ble`r h` cl vfhl sjst`dfnc` ud t`ol r`c`vldt y ejod. ]j

    `stj du`strl prfo`rl r`spjdslnfcfhlh s ejd cjs ejdsuofhjr`s, ecf`dt`s, opc`lhjs, prjv``hjr s

    y ejoudfhlh`s. Euldhj euopcfojs du`strl r`spjdslnfcfhlh ejd `ccjs s`dtfojs qu` `sl `s

    cl o`ijr r`trfnuefd h` du`strj trlnlij.

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    34/60

    58

    LDHL ejoudfelefd

    @c >== ofccjd`s.

    Cufs @hulrhj Udeb`z,^`s`lreb Hfr`etjr h` BlvlsO`hfl Grjup, ejdecuy`9

    Cl pclzl hfgftlc pu`h``ds`lr ouebj l cjs pjctfejs ej-cjonfldjs. ]rfo`rj, l seueblr l clg`dt`. H`spus, l fdt`grlr pcltl-ajrols plrl prjpjd`r y, vjcvf`dhjl vlcfhlr ejd cl g`dt`, ejdstrufr vl-cjr d cl r`clefd eldhfhltj-`c`etjr.

    @c old`ij `d ovfc`s `s ud plsjh`cfelhj, pu`s cjs plrtfhjs qu` bld`dtrlhj `d WbltsLpp, bld r`efnfhj

    ertfels pjr fdtrusfd yl qu` s udo`hfj plrl c hfcjgj dj plrl cl`xpjsfefd udfhfr`eefjdlc.

    @dt`dh`r y i`eutlr h` ol-d`rl os s`dsfnc` cl `strlt`gfl

    `d `c oudhj hfgftlc, tldtj plrl

    plrtfhjs ejoj plrl eldhfhltjs, `xfg`ud `dt`dhfof`dtj h` elhl `ejsfst`-ol y cl r`clefd `dtr` `ccjs. Cjs qu`cc`gld l udl pgfdl w`n vf`d`d ejdolyjr hfspjsfefd l prjaudhfzlr sj-nr` su fdt`rs pjctfej. Cls r`h`s sj-eflc`s y cjs ovfc`s pcldt`ld ud r`tjos r`clefjdlc y h` fdt`rleefd. V cl`xpjsfefd `d o`hfjs hfgftlc`s h`n`

    `stlr `d audefd h`c trafej `d cjsldt`rfjr`s pudtjs.

    @c hfsplrlhjr h` cl ojvf-cfzlefd h` jpfdfd tf`d` qu`v`r ejd `c `dt`dhfof`dtj h`cls prjpu`stls, h`c su`j h`

    pls, h` cls pjsfnfcfhlh`s h` au-turj.

    @c oudhj hfgftlc cj bld sunutfcfzlhjcjs plrtfhjs. Lc ef`rr` h` `stl `hfefddj s` jns`rv ud a`do`dj hfa`r`d-eflc. Cl pclzl hfgftlc `st h`slprjv`-eblhl y cl g`dt` `st `sp`rldhj.

    CC`l tlonfd9@c fd-ajro` ejopc`tj h` BlvlsO`hfl Grjup `d www.ld-hlejc.ejo/r`vfstl 05, s`e-efd ejoudfelefd. Fdecuy``c rldkfdg NHF h` plrtfhjsy eldhfhltjs.

    http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828http://www.andacol.com/php/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=828
  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    35/60

    50

    ]jr Elrcjs Ulclzlr Qlrgls. Ejdsuctjr y ejda`r`defstl fdt`rdlefjdlc `d ]jctfels pncfels y pjcftfdg. www.elrcjslclzlrvlrgls.ejo

    vfh`jiu`gjs), p`rj sjnr` tjhj bly

    qu` blnclrc`s `d su prjpfl vjz, `dcl h` sus v`efdjs, sfopltfzldt`s/vjcudtlrfjs qu` cjs trltld h` t lt, ejdjef`dhj h` prfo`rl oldj susprjnc`ols y dj ejoj jpjrtudfstlselzlhjr`s qu` vfv`d l ofc`s h` kfc-o`trjs y sjcj cjs nuseld `d elopl-l plrl p`hfrc`s vjtjs.

    \PF@D X^LDUOFX@ @C O@DULI@ @UXLD FO]J^XLDX@ J OU \P@ @C]^J]FJ O@DULI@y `c r`ecutlof`dtj

    h` `stjs o`dsli`rjs s` cc`vl l elnjl trlvs h` r`h`s sjeflc`s prjpfls h`cl Fdt`rd`t y qu` g`d`r`d "ejoudf-hlh`s jdcfd` `d cls qu` `c ajej s`lcl g`dt` ejd sus fdquf`tuh`s y dj `cjar`efof`dtj pjctfej9 ]]E.U@ ^@EJOF@DHL, `dtjde`s, ejdtlrejd lyuhl h` lrtfstls qu` fdvft`d`d sus ejdef`rtjs lc pncfej l `dvflrUOU (o`dsli`s h` t`xtj) h` lpjyj,

    plrl er`lr udl r`lc nls` h` hl-tjs h` sfopltfzldt`s. Cu`gj

    ejd cl olqufdlrfl `c`etj-rlc s` afctrld sjs s`gufhj-r`s dj sjcj plrl p`hfrc`s su

    vjtj j ejds`gufr hjdltfvjs,sfdj y `s cj fopjrtldt` plrl

    trldsajrolr su lafdfhlh "jdcfd` `dletfvfsoj "jaacfd`. Ls, cl t`edjcj-gl s` utfcfzl ejoj pjsfefjdlof`d-tj plrl hfa`r`deflrs` h` cl ejop`-t`defl y lprjpflrs` h` ltrfnutjs hf-dofejs/er`ltfvjs/h` elonfj, ejd

    erft`rfjs h` e`reldl y er`hfnfcfhlhnlslhjs `d o`dsli`s g`d`rlhjsh`sh` cl nls`, vjct`ldhj cl pfrofh`h` oldhj qu` bl hfrfgfhj trlhfefj-dlco`dt` cl ejoudfelefd pjctfel.Ejoj s` v`, `c ]jcftfdg r`pr`s`dtlud ldt`s y ud h`spus, tldtj plrl c"olrk`tfdg ejoj plrl cl "pjctfel,sus hjs r`ls g`d`rltrfe`s.

    ]JCFXFDGLcgudjs prfdefpfjs h` ]jcftfdg`dtr`glhjs pjr `c`xp`rtj Elrcjs Ulclzlr Qlrgls h`sh` Oxfej.

    G`stfjdlr ejd ]jcftfdgudl elo-pll pjctfel `s lhofdfstrlr lh`-eulhlo`dt` r`eursjs, afdldeflefd,fdgr`sjs y p`rsjdls. Fopcfel `d-t`dh`r `c vlcjr h`c jar`ef-of`dtj pjctfej (]]E9 ]rj-grlol/]lrtfhj/Eldhfhltj)p`dsldhj `d olrel, fol-g`d, `strlt`gfl y pjsfefjdl-of`dtj, `d s`r ejop`tftfvjsy hfa`r`dt`s, ltrletfvjs y ejdvfd-e`dt`s l cjs jijs h`c vjtldt`. ]lr-t` h`c xftj s` nlsl `d cl Fdt`rd`t,p`rj tldtj j os fopjrtldt`s sjdcls plutls h` cfh`rlzgj y ejoudf-elefd qu` s` sfgld. Uf s` quf`r`elonflr cl ajrol h` ble`r pjctfelejoj cj prjpjd` `c ]jcftfdg blyqu` op`zlr pjr elonflr c ofsojjar`efof`dtj pjctfej9 ]]E y cls `s-trueturls rgfhls h`c sfst`ol. @d

    `c onftj h` cl ejoudfelefd,`stj s` trlhue` `d cl ajrolejoj s` eu`dtl `c o`dsl-

    i`9 hlr fopjrtldefl lc eoj,tldtj ejoj lc qu s` trldsof-t`, p`dsldhj sf`opr` `d trof-djs h` pjctfel lspfrlefjdlc9 ejou-dfelr lp`cldhj l cjs s`dtfof`dtjsh` cls p`rsjdls.

    H` lb qu` udl fh`l h`n` pr`sfhfr`c ojhj h` p`dslr/trlnlilr `d ]j-cftfdg9 qu` `d pjctfel cl g`dt` dj

    r`eu`rhl cj qu` c` hfe`d, sfdjeoj s` sfdtf euldhj s` cj

    hfi`rjd. ]jr `sj, s` lp`cll cjs s`dtfof`dtjs pjsftf-vjs/nsfejs9 lojr, `sp`-

    rldzl, c`glhj l du`strjs

    bfijs, vlcjr`s sjeflc`sy `d `stl cd`l, cjs hfseursjsh`n`d t`d`r h`djofdlhjr`sejoud`s9 . utfcfzlr c`dguli`ejopr`dsfnc`, r`lcy v`rhlh`rj qu`tldtj `ofsjr ejoj r`e`ptjr `dtf`d-hld y ejoplrtld, y 5.fdecufr o`d-

    sli`s `sp`rldzlhjr`s elple`sh` `dtusflsolr, ojtfvlr yojvfcfzlr l cl luhf`defl.Uf `c jni`tfvj (du`strj tlr-g`t) `s ejdv`de`r l `sjs

    fdh`efsjs qu` fdecfdld cl nl-cldzl, h`n` s`r ud hfseursj hfrfgfhj`sp`eafelo`dt` l `ccjs l trlvs h`du`vjs eldlc`s (ejoj ldudefjs `d

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    36/60

    51

    Hurldt` elsf udl helhl h` cjs@aaf` `d Ejcjonfl, ldudefldt`s,lg`defls, ejdsuctjr`s y iurlhjs b`-ojs vfstj `xpr`slhl y h`olrelhlcl du`vl `vjcuefd h`c olrk`tfdg ycl puncfefhlh l cl `ejdjol dlrldil

    `st` pr`ofj, ejdsfh`rlhj `c h` ol-yjr vlcjr `d `c onftj fdt`rdlefjdlcy `d hjdh` ejdv`rg`d cl er`ltfvfhlh,cl `strlt`gfl h` olrk`tfdg y `c cjgrjh` cjs r`suctlhjs `opr`slrflc`s, cjs@aaf` pr`oflhjs r`ac`ilnld eclrl-o`dt` eoj `d cjs elsjs pr`s`d-tlhjs ld pr`hjofdlnl udl vfsfdqu` blel sfd`rgfl ejd cjs ejde`ptjsqu` fop`rlrjd `d `c sfgcj plslhj,

    cls 8ps prjoucglhls pjr Kjttc`r yUtldtjd, `d hjdh` cl ajrol tetfely jp`rlefjdlc h` ble`r `strlt`gflsh` o`relh`j y puncfefhlh prfvfc`-gflnld cl h`serfpefd h`c prjhuetjy sus n`d`afefjs fdtrds`ejs y eojtofhlo`dt` `op`zlnld l g`d`rlrejd`xfjd`s `ojefjdlc`s j vlcjr`s`xtrds`ejs prjpfjs h`c ejdsuofhjr.

    @d cl elcfafelefd h` cjs @aaf` Ej-

    cjonfl >==1, cls eloplls ospr`oflhls r`lafrolrjd hfebl ajrolh` ble`r olrk`tfdg y puncfefhlh, h`b`ebj cl h`djofdlefd h` cl elo-pll `c`gfhl ejoj Grld @aaf` eclrl-o`dt` xpr`s stl fdt`defd9 "Du`-vl ]jstjnd Ojrl Lzuc, prunlcl ylJ vls l s`r `c ctfoj:.

    LDHL `d `c o`hfj

    51

    ELO]LLU GLDLHJ^LUOP@UX^LD CL @QJCPEFD H@X^UH@ CJU @AAF@ EJCJONFL@st` ldcfsfs `xpcfel cls rlzjd`s qu` bld ejdv`rtfhj `d gldlhjrls l cls elo-plls qu` s` bld lczlhj ejd cjs @aaf` Ejcjonfl l cj clrgj h` cjs ctfojs ljs.]jr Olrfj Ufgarfhj Bu`rtls C.*

    y l cl ejoudfelefd sjeflc h`c ejdj-efof`dtj.

    Euldhj `d >==1, nlij cfe`defljtjrglhl l cl Lsjeflefd Dlefjdlch` Ldudefldt`s LDHL pjr cl @aaf`Wjrchwfh` Fde, Ejcjonfl lhjptl

    H` Kjtcc`r y OeCubld l Kld`old

    @D >==7 `c Grld @aaf` cjr`efnf9 Xjhj Brj` O`-r`e` udl ]fcs`d,qu` prjpusj r`seltlr

    cjs vlcjr`s prjpfjs h`cjs jafefjs udfv`rslc`s.Cl `strlt`gfl hfj r`suc-tlhjs `d ud `dtjrdj qu`elsf pjr >= ljs blnlprfvfc`gflhj `c ejdsuojpjr `c ejdsuoj y blnlhfgdfafelhj cl jnt`defdh`c hfd`rj aefc.

    @D >==2bfzj clhfa`r`defl udl elo-pll qu` ejdafroqu` cjs ejcjonfldjs

    `op`zlnld l `dt`dh`rqu` `c pls y sus `o-pr`sls `vjcuefjdlnldc`dtlo`dt`, p`rj h`old`rl afro`, blefl cl`ejdjol h` cl fdv`r-sfd. Dj bly ouebjqu` p`dslr. @s @ejp`-trjc, @d`rgl plrl `cAuturj.

    * B`lh ja Oldlg`o`dt OUB Ejdsuctfdg / www.obu`rtlsMosbejdsuctfdg.d`t / MolrfjUbu`rtls

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    37/60

    57

    @d `c >==7lc r`vfslr cls hfa`r`dt`selt`gjrls qu` plrtfefplrjd pjrprfo`rl v`z y au`rjd pr`oflhls,s` `vfh`def udl grld `vjcuefd `d

    cl hfdofel h` du`strj o`relhj.Lplr`e`d elt`gjrls tlc`s ejoj9olrk`tfdg r`clefjdlc, prjhuetjs/s`rvfefjs jdcfd` y trldsajrolefdsjeflc. Du`strl vfsfd h c o`relhjnlij c c dt h c @aaf `vjcuefjdh ud `dajqu h olrk`tfdg ypuncfefhlh plsfvj prjpfj h ud`se`dlrfj ojdjpcfej, l udleucturl h c s`rvfefj, qu `stfouclcl ejd`xfd y r clefd ejd c

    ecf`dt l plrtfr h sus h`s`js,v`dtlils nuselhls fdecusj susarustrlefjd`s dj r`su ctls. Hfeblvfsfd prfvfc`gf cl `xp`etltfvl h`cejdsuofhjr `vfh`defdhjc` qu` cjejdje` os h` cj qu` c s` ejdje`,y ejdtletdhjcj `d cjs ldtfgujsy du`vjs `se`dlrfjs hjdh` c s`ou`v`.

    @stl fdt`defd s` vfj prjy`etlhl

    `d cl elopll `c`gfhl ejoj Grld@aaf` >==79 "Xjhj Brj` O`r`e` udl]fcs`d, qu` prjpusj r`seltlr cjs vl-cjr`s prjpfjs h` cjs jafefjs udfv`rsl-c`s, ejoj cjs h` jnr`rj y elop`sfdj,qu` sjd cjs qu` r`lco`dt` ejdstru-y`d dlefd. Cl `strlt`gfl hfj r`suc-tlhjs `d ud `dtjrdj qu` elsf pjr >=ljs blnl prfvfc`gflhj `c ejdsuojpjr c ejdsuoj y blnl hfgdfafelhj cljnt`defd h`c hfd`rj aefc. @sl elo-pll olre udl grld hfa`r`defl d clold`rl h` ble`r puncfefhlh.

    Cjs pr`ofjs @aaf` h`c >==2 sf-guf`rjd cl s`dhl h` ud `dajqu` h`olrk`tfdg ouy letfvj `d cldzl-of`dtj y r`letfvlefd h` prjhuetjs/s`rvfefjs; sfd `onlrgj, cl elopllqu` bfzj cl hfa`r`defl au` lqu`cclqu` ejdafro qu` cjs ejcjonfldjs`op`zlnld l `dt`dh`r qu` `c pls

    e Ejd Lgul Jlsfs bjy h`n`ojs pr`gudtlrdjs sfau` suafef`dt` letfvlr lc ejdsuofhjr ojvfcfzldhj sush`s`js h` sjcfhlrfhlh ludqu` pjr jtrj clhj dj s` sf-guf fdvfrtf`dhj `d cjs ltrfnutjs h`c prjhuetj, `c el-dlc h` hfstrfnuefd y cl p`rsfst`defl y r`c`vldefl h` clolrel y cl jrgldfzlefd qu` cl prjpjd`.

    r`pr`s`dtlnl du`vls jpjrtudfhlh`sy qu` sus `opr`sls `vjcuefjdlnld

    c`dtlo`dt`, p`rj h` old`rl afro`,blefl cl `ejdjol h` cl fdv`rsfd ydj sjcj h`c trlnlilr, trlnlilr y trlnl-

    ilr, ejdsuofr, ejdsuofr y ejdsuofr.@c elsj qu` s` h`stle au`9 "Dj blyouebj qu` p`dslr. @s @ejp`trjc,"@d`rgl plrl `c Auturj. @c olr-k`tfdg y cl ejoudfelefd `selcl-rjd lc dfv c h cl ejdstrueefd h`olrel l trlvs h udl hfdofelh cfnr o`relhj qu `xfg djsjcj `dtr`glr ltrfnutjs y n`d`af-efjs j `xp`rf`defls, sfdj lpjrtlrvlcjr`s hfa`r`deflc s qu prjpjd-gld er`lefd y lee`sj l cl rfqu`-zl y l cl prjsp`rfhlh.

    @d `c >==6y >=

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    38/60

    52

    ejdsuofhjr ojvfcfzldhj sus h`s`jsh` sjcfhlrfhlh sfd s`gufr fdvfrtf`dhj

    `d cjs ltrfnutjs h`c prjhuetj, `c el-dlc h` hfstrfnuefd y cl p`rsfst`defl yr`c`vldefl h` cl olrel y cl jrgldfzl-efd qu` cl prjpjd`.

    Cls eloplls glclrhjdlhls `d `c@aaf` >=

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    39/60

    56

    Ls, hfebl elopll puncfeftlrflqu` prjojefjd d Ejcjonfl @c elr-t`c h` cjs slpjs s` cc`v l elnj `dhfstfdtjs pudtjs h` cl elpftlc ejd hjsletjr`s qu` s` bfef`rjd plslr pjrv`dh`hjr`s, l cjs qu` cl ]jcfel Dl-efjdlc h`tf`d` lc ejo`reflcfzlr ejpflsalcsls h` cl efdtl.

    @st elsj h`ojstr qu udl`strlt`gfl jdcfd`h`n s`r vlcfhl-

    hl tlonfd jaacfd , c ejdsuofhjrnusel ejd`xfjd`s ejdv`rg`dt`s`dtr c oudhj vfrtulc y olt`-rflc, hjdh c ejdt`xtj y c t`xtjlc fdt`rletulr ejoj ud sfst`ollpjrtld r c vldefl y p`rtfd`defl,y pjr cj tldtj, lctj vlcjr h sfgdf-

    OQfh`j9Q`l `d www.ldhlejc.ejo, r`vfs-tl LDHL hfgftlc, cjs lplrt`s h`udl `dtr`vfstl l Olrfj Bu`rtls,quf`d letu ejoj iurlhj @aaf`,`d `ccl djs p`roft`d leclrlr pjrqu s cls 8 ] y qu plsl ejd clseultrj ] h`c o`relh`j.

    @D >=cls elo-plls ojstrlrjdudl fdt`dsl d`e`sf-hlh h` ejdstrueefdsfoncfel h` r`clefdh` olrel, lpjylhjs`d cjs o`hfjs hfgf-tlc`s ` fdecusj `c LXCy `c NXC lcr`h`hjrh` su r`sp`etfvlejoudfhlh, `i`opcj9Qclhhj9 O`re`h`s-N`dz ecls` E.

    afelhj y sfgdfafelefd h udl olr-el `d su r clefd ejd cjs pncfejsh fdt`rs.

    Hldf`c Kld`old d su cfnrj ]`dslrrpfhj y p`dslr h`splefjlafrol9 Clg`dt` tf`dh` l `vlculr cl fopjrtld-efl r`cltfvl h` ef`rtjs lsudtjs s`-gd cl alefcfhlh ejd qu` sjd trlhjsl cl o`ojrfl, y `stj vf`d` `d grldo`hfhl h`t`rofdlhj pjr `c grlhj

    h` ejn`rturl qu` `deu`dtrl `d cjso`hfjs. Cjs t`ols ar`eu`dt`o`dt`o`defjdlhjs pu`ncld sus o`dt`s,tldtj ejoj jtrjs s` `selpld h` clejdef`defl @c fdt`rs h`c pncf-ej cj h`spf`rtld os aefco`dt` cjslejdt`efof`dtjs hrlotfejs y clse`c`nrfhlh`s.

    \uf`d`s b`ojs sfhj iurlhjs hu-rldt` cjs jebj ljs h`c @aaf` `d Ej-cjonfl, sjojs t`stfgjs h` cj qu` blsfgdfafelhj `st` pr`ofj plrl `c r`ej-djefof`dtj, ajrolefd y vjcuefd h`cls strlt`gfls h` olrk`tfdg y ejou-dfelefd sjeflc h`c ejdjefof`dtj lpcf-elhls lc h`slrrjccj h` cjs d`gjefjs ycl `ejdjol h`c pls. Ufd `onlrgj,dj eln` huhl qu` h`n`ojs s`gufro`ijrldhj `d `c hfs`j, pr`s`dtl-efd y `i`euefd h` hfebls `strlt`-gfls, `d `c `dt`dhfhj h` qu` cl du`vl`ejdjol dlrldil j sjef`hlh h`c ej-djefof`dtj djs jncfgl l hlr ud grldslctj blefl cl g`d`rlefd h` ejdt`x-tjs, ejdt`dfhjs, ejd`xfjd`s y er`l-efd h` ejoudfhlh`s h` pncfejs h`fdt`rs, euyl o`dt` tf`d` c pjh`r h`trlse`dh`r `c tf`opj y `c `splefj cj-elc, plrl ejdstrufr sus ojtfvlefjd`s,fdt`r`s`s y leefjd`s ejoj ud d-

    olhl qu` ofgrl p`rold`dt`o`dt`h` `se`dlrfjs olt`rflc`s y vfrtulc`s,ejoj nf`d cj fdv`stfgl y `xpcfel bjycl d`urjef`defl lpcfelhl l cjs d`gj-efjs y cls ejoudfelefjd`s.

    e U` h`n` trlse`dh`r c o`dsli` plrl prjpjd`r oudhjs y prjy`etjs h` vfhl du`vjsy pjsfnc`s, hjdh` cls olrels s`ld `c v`beucj plrl lee`h`r l `ccjs y s` cjgr` cl c`lctlhh`c ecf`dt , qu` dj s` ejoprl, sfdj qu` s` lceldzl blef`dhj sjst`dfnc` cl prjo`sl.

    @D >=

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    40/60

    8=

    Ejoj jeuplnl cl prf-o`rl o`sl, y `c `stlnc`-efof`dtj `stlnl elsf vlej,s` `delofd blefl o ejdsu `sp`sj nfgjt` y su prjtu-n`rldt` cudlr `d `c poucj9Bls vfstj l Olrtltrlnl:,au` cj dfej qu` o` hfij. C`ejdt`st qu` blnl `dtrlhjudjs ofdutjs ldt`s y o` bl-nl pr`gudtlhj9 Bls vfstj lGlrelorqu`z: y, ejoj c` ejd-t`st qu` dj, s` blnl fhj ejdGjdzlcjlrldgj, qu` cc`glnl `d`s` ojo`dtj. ]`rj yj `stlnl lpudtj h` sdejp` pjr cl `ojefd

    h` ejdje`r lc ojdstruj, cu`gj h`l cl plpfsl, y qu` o` bunf`rld hf-rfgfhj cl plclnrl. Lelnlnl h` c``r Clbjilrlsel y o` blnl h`scuonrlhj,l elusl h` su `vfh`dt` plr`efhj ejdOf`dtrls lgjdfzj, h` Aluckd`r, qu`blnl h`vjrlhj bjrls ldt`s.

    Eulr`dtl ljs h`spus, fdvftlhjpjr `c pj`tl Ijs dg`c C`yvl, lsfst lcl A`rfl h`c Cfnrj d @c Yelcj, cl fdo`d-sl pclzl h` efuhlh h` Oxfej, y lc dtrlr`d cl blnftlefd h`c bjt`c, sjnr` cl o`sf-

    ccl, blcc udl fdvftlefd l e`dlr sl djeb``d `c Bfctjd, h` plrt` h` Glrel Orqu`z.Lcc o` bfe` pr`s`dt`, ejd ud `i`opclr h`Ojccjy, s`gudhj vjcuo`d h` cl trfcjgl h`N`ek`tt qu` eucofdl ejd @c fddjonrlnc`,qu` s` cj r`glc l ud `xpr`sfh`dt`. Blnljtrjs fdvftlhjs, `dtr` `ccjs `c pj`tl Oltrl-el, `c djv`cfstl ^js`rj, B`rdldhj Elnlrelsy `c ijv`d p`rfjhfstl Ldtjdfj Glrel.

    @d o`hfj h`c wbfsky lnudhjsj c pltrflreldjs r`pjrt qu` ldt`s h` Ef`d ljs h` sjc`-

    hlh dlhf` blnl r`plrlhj `d c `d Ejcjonfl,l cj qu` lprjv`eb plrl ejoudfelrc` of ejdojefd h`c hlr`ojtj euldhj cj ejdje, pjr cl pr`vfl c`eturl h` su djv`-c`tl nldld`rl, y qu` ls `rl yl cl h`vjefd h` cjs `serftjr`sdjv`c`s.

    H`spus h` cl e`dl, su g`d`rjsfhlh qu` `s O`re`h`sdjs ejdhuij lc Nlr Ufqu`frjs, pr`vfl ejdtrltlefd h` udleldtldt` qu` lhofrl; oferajdj `d oldj eldt c ofsojy, ldt`s h` h`sp`hfrdjs lc lold`e`r, l Oltrlel y l o djshfij qu` djs sp`rlnl lc hl sfguf`dt` d su elsl l ejo`r.

    LDHL ldhl/dlhl

    Ulc t`oprldj l hlr vu`ctls pjr `dtr` clsjnrls h` cjs ourlcfstls ejd `c qu` pjr `d-tjde`s ejdsfh`rlnl of lofgj, y st` o`h`oldhlnl l elhl rltj qu` t`c`ajd`lrl

    l elsl h` Glnj plrl ejdsuctlrc` l qubjrls c` plr`el qu` cc`grlojs. ]`rj yjblnl tjolhj lc pf` h` cl c`trl ejcjo-nfldl c trofdj l ejo`r, ejoj sf au`-rl `d cl djeb`. Ufd r`plrlr `d qu` `dOxfej s` c` hfe` l ejo`r l lcojrzlr.Ls qu` h`i plslr cls bjrls blstl cls595= p.o., euldhj o` lvfd` l cclolrcj,h`sh` ud t`cajdj pncfej rufdjsj `dudl h` cls `squfdls h`c Yelcj. O`ejdt`st c, y yj, `d `c ejcoj h` cl`stjcfh`z, c` pr`gudt pjr O`re`-h`s. L v`r sf `ccl djs cj blel plslr.Euldhj supj qufd `rl s` rfj h` ofnjn`rl. V o` fder`p pjrqu` cjsblnlojs h`ilhj `sp`rldhj. \u`yl rl ouy tlrh`. ]`rj qu` pusf`-rl lt`defd, qu` `rl ouy fopjr-tldt` cj qu` t`dl qu` h`efro`.

    @d `s` ojo`dtj ejo`dzlrjdl sjdlr cjs lctjplrcldt`s h` `s-

    tru`dhj h` cl A`rfl h`c Cf-nrj, ldudefldhj sus dj-

    v`hlh`s, `dtr` `ccls cls`hfefjd`s h` cjs cfnrjsh`c prfo`r `serftjr h`coudhj. Dj jl dlhl, dj`seueblnl df efdej h`cls plclnrls pluslhlsh`c djn`c. C` `stfrlnl`c lurfeuclr l Oltrlell v`r sf `c sjrhj `rlyj y c tlopjej jl

    dlhl. V yj o` s`dtl fdelplz h` fd-t`rruopfrcj plrl h`ers`cj, y p`hfrc` qu` o` p`roftf`rl frblstl of blnftlefd h`c bjt`c l r`p`tfr cl cclolhl. Blncos j o`djs v`fdt` ofdutjs, yj suhldhj fopjt`defl yr`fds`rtldhj ojd`hls fdtfc`s.

    Folgfdj qu` o` hfij tjhj cj qu` s`dtl pjr `c dlhls-oj, pjr du`strl jnrl, pjr du`strj plslhj j auturj. Djspjdl `d `c pltnucj j `d `c pfdeucj9 tjhj cj qu` lv`d-tur` `s o`dtfrl. Uus plclnrls s` cls trlg `c vf`dtj h` clejoudfelefd fop`ra`etl. V df ojhj h` p`hfrc` qu` clsr`pftl. @d tjhj elsj, ouebls grlefls.

    GLNJLCX@CAJDJ]jrIjtlo

    lrfjLrnc z,

    pj tl,p`rfjhfstl.

    Clprfo`rlv zqu`cjvf

    au`

    udltlrh`ccuvfj

    sl h`

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    41/60

    8

    HLXJU FDX@CFG@DX@U

    Q@^UPUG^LDH@UELDXFHLH@U

    LDHL b`rrlof`dtls

    "Nfg Hltl" (grldh`s eldtfhlh`s h`hltjs) `s prjnlnc`o`dt` cl plclnrlh` ojhl (y cl os fdtfc) `d puncfef-hlh lbjrl, p`rj ejoj tjhjs `stlrdh` leu`rhj, ble`r cls ejsls ejrr`etl-o`dt` `s ejopcfelhj.Du`strl fdv`stfglefd, r`lcfzlhl

    iudtlo`dt` ejd Xb` Eustjo`r Arl-o`wjrk, `dejdtr qu` cls olrelsqu` bld t`dfhj xftj d ejdv`rtfr susgrldh`s eldtfhlh`s h` hltjs `d hl-tjs fdt`cfg`dt`s (Uolrt Hltl) tf`d`deultrj fdgr`hf`dt`s `d ejod.Cls r`spu`stls s` nlsld `d cls `d-eu`stls h` 87 `opr`sls of`onrjsh` cl WAL, qu` r`pr`s`dtld 50.===

    ofccjd`s h` hclr`s `d fdv`rsfdldulc `d puncfefhlh. Djv`dtl pjref`dtj h` cls qu` r`spjdhf`rjd tu-vf`rjd ud ejoprjofsj lctj j fdt`r-o`hfj d prjnc`ols h` hltjs h`dtrjh` su `opr`sl.

    ]^FO@^ FDG^@HF@DX@@s `c tlc`dtj. @dejdtrlr puncfefstlsejd cjs grupjs ejrr`etjs h` h`str`-zls ldlctfels r`suctl erueflc plrl

    fh`dtfafelr p`re`pefjd`s v`rhlh`rl-o`dt` aletfnc`s. Elsf cl oftlh h` cjs`deu`stlhjs jns`rv qu` ejds`gufrldlcfstls ejo`reflc`s y ef`dtafejsh` hltjs cj suafef`dt`o`dt` nu`djsplrl prjhuefr hfebls p`re`pefjd`sau` ud prjnc`ol sfgdfafeltfvj.

    U@GPDHJ FDG^@HF@DX@Cj ejdstftuy`d cl eclrfhlh y `c `daj-qu`. Cjs `deu`stlhjs os `xftjsjsh` du`strl `deu`stl au`rjd lqu`ccjsqu` fh`dtfafelrjd ud prjpsftj eclrj`d su `xpcjrlefd h` grldh`s eldtf-hlh`s h` hltjs. H`nfhj l qu` elhl`opr`sl tf`d` lee`sj l ouctftuh h`au`dt`s h` hltjs hfstfdtls h` elcfhlhy prjpf`hlh hfv`rsls, cl lus`deflh` ud "prjpsftj" j bfpt`sfs pu`h`eluslr `c h`sp`rhfefj h` cl fdv`rsfd.@dtr` cjs `deu`stlhjs, 1< % lafroldt`d`r udl h`afdfefd eclrl h`c prjp-*Wjrch A`h`rltfjd ja Lhv`rtfs`rs. >=

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    43/60

    85

    CJU HLXJU FDX@CFG@D-X@U y `c xftj ejo`reflcqu` g`d`rld sjd fopuc-slhjs pjr cls ]@^UJDLUEJ^^@EXLU, ejd ud @DAJ-\P@ ECL^J `d cj qu` stdtrltldhj h` cjgrlr.

    sftj h` cls "grldh`s eldtfhlh`s h`hltjs".

    X@^E@^ FDG^@HF@DX@

    @s qu` cls grldh`s eldtfhlh`s h`hltjs sjd sfopc`o`dt` sj9 grldh`seldtfhlh`s. Ejo`dzlr l trlnlilr ejdp`qu`ls eldtfhlh`s h` hltjs pu`h`p`roftfr l cjs puncfefstls `dejdtrlr`c xftj os aefco`dt` `d cl fh`dtf-afelefd h` p`re`pefjd`s qu` pu`hldlpcfelrs` `d `c d`gjefj. @stj lyuhl lh`ojstrlr qu` vlc` cl p`dl fdv`rtfros `d cls p`rsjdls y b`rrlof`dtlsejrr`etls. Xlonfd p`roft` qu` cjspuncfefstls fder`o`dt`d su p`rfefl y

    pu`hld ls`gurlr qu` `c trlnlij `dgrupjs h` hltjs os grldh`s y oshfv`rsjs, `d v`rhlh g`d`r` o`ijr`sp`re`pefjd`s ejo`reflc`s.

    EPL^XJ FDG^@HF@DX@@c fdgr`hf`dt` afdlc `d cl r`e`tl plrlhltjs fdt`cfg`dt`s `s cl p`re`pefdh`c ejdsuofhjr. Ludqu` cls grldh`seldtfhlh`s h` hltjs sjd udl b`-rrlof`dtl pjh`rjsl plrl fh`dtfafelr

    cls p`re`pefjd`s pjr s ofsols, clsolrels sfgu`d d`e`sftldhj t`d`rpr`s`dt` qu` dj fopjrtl cj qu` hf-gld cjs hltjs, h`n`d ls`gurlrs` h`qu` cjs o`dsli`s jpjrtudjs y r`c`-vldt`s s`ld elutfvlhjr`s y r`efnfhjsejd lgrlhj. H`spus h` tjhj, tjhjscjs hltjs h`c oudhj dj vu`cv`d `af-elz l ud o`dsli` qu` dj `s nf`d r`-efnfhj.

    A`dt`yr`lcfzlefd9Eustjo`rArlo`wjrkyWAL,A`h`rlefdOudhflch`Ldudefldt`s.

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    44/60

    88

    LDHL `dtr` `c tfdt`rj

    O@HFJU HFGFXLC@U E^@EF@DHJLc ofsoj tf`opj, d ud fdt`dtj pjr s`gufr l cjs pltrjd`s h` usj h` o`hfjs

    h` ejoudfelefd l hflrfj elhl v`z os arlgo`dtlhjs h` cjs ejdsuofhjr`s,cjs ldudefldt`s sfgu`d elonfldhj `c pr`supu`stj plrl nuselr vfsulcfzlrldudefjs sjeflc`s, ldudefjs h` vfh`j `d cd`l y `sp`eflco`dt` ldudefjsplrl ovfc`s9 cl plrtfefplefd h` pudtjs h` ejdtletj hfgftlc`s h`c tjtlc oud-hflc prjnlnc`o`dt` lcelde` >1 % `st` lj, efarl `d luo`dtj sf s` ejdsfh`rl`c 8 % h` >==8. Lh`os, `d lcgudjs o`relhjs olhurjs, os pr`hjofdldt`-o`dt` `d `c ^`fdj Pdfhj, Fdt`rd`t s` bl ejdv`rtfhj yl `d `c olyjr eldlc h`ldudefjs ud pltrd qu` prjnlnc`o`dt` s` r`pftl `d elhl v`z os o`rel-hjs `d cjs prxfojs ljs.

    O@HFJU FO]^@UJU GJC]@LHJUXlc ejoj `rl h` `sp`rlrs`, cl olyjr vetfol h` `sls t`dh`defls bld sfhj

    cjs o`hfjs fopr`sjs9 `d ejdiudtj, cjs hflrfjs y cls r`vfstls r`pr`s`dtld 88 %h` cl fdv`rsfd puncfeftlrfl pjr `defol h` cl cd`l oudhflc `d >==8, ud tjtlcqu` prjnlnc`o`dt` nli` l >< % `st` lj.

    ]rjdstfejs h` cjs o`relhjs eclv`s plrl `c >=====8l 8= % `d >=

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    45/60

    80

    LUFL-]LEAFEJCl fdv`rsfd puncfeftlrfl `d Lsfl-

    ]leafej `st pr`vfstl qu` luo`d-t` 7,2 % `d >===== % `d >========,>

    0,,5

    0,8

    ]@^U]@EXFQLU @EJDOFELU, >= - >==

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    46/60

    81

    LDHL ejyudturl

    Ldt`s h` larjdtlr cl ojtfvlefdh` `stl djtl sjnr` `cejopjrtlof`dtj h` cjs p`rfjhfstls `d `c `spldtjsj h`-slstr` sue`hfhj `d ]lz h` Lrfpjrj, Elsldlr`, fcustrj sj-nr` c plh`efof`dtj suarfhj pjr ofc`s h` ebfgfrjs lgjdf-zldt`s, `d su elofdj l udl ou`rt` h`olsflhj hjcjrjsl;

    lc fgulc qu` cl h` ofc`s h` tjrtugls, v`dlhjs, r`s`s y nl-nfccls qu` p`dlrjd h`sbfhrltlhjs, pjr cl `xtr`ol s`qul.Blstl cls oltls s` ou`r`d euldhj c`s alctl `c lgul.@sjs s`r`s dj rlefjdlc`s sf`dt`d y suar`d ejoj cjs bu-oldjs, ejd `c lgrlvldt` h` qu` dj pu`h`d `xpr`slr suhjcjr, df c bjrrjr h` su trlg`hfl. U, cjs ldfolc`s tlonfdtf`d`d s`dtfof`dtjs, `xp`rfo`dtld trfst`zl, hjcjr asfejy psfejcgfej; ldgustfl, t`rrjr, of`hj, blonr`, s`h, arj,elcjr, h`pr`sfd y `da`ro`hlh`s. Ujd s`r`s vfvjs qu`

    plh`e`d y ou`r`d ejoj djsjtrjs, qu` pjh`ojs p`hfrlyuhl y eclolr ejoplsfd. @ccjs tf`d`d qu` sjpjrtlr `dsfc`defj cl fds`dsfnfcfhlh h` cjs s`r`s cclolhjs buoldjs,y dj pu`h`d `xpr`slrs` plrl h`a`dh`rs`, plrl grftlr susldgustfls, plrl h`dudeflr, plrl ejdtlr sjnr` sus p`dls,

    hjcjr`s ` fdajrtudfj.Xrldserfnj lcgudls cd`ls h` ud `xpceftj lrteucj h`chjetjr Elrcjs A. A`rddh`z, p`rfjhfstl y ls`sjr ohfejh`c p`rfhfej @c Xf`opj, qu` c tftuc9 "\u plsl `d `ceu`rpj euldhj s` qu`hl sfd lgul:". c hfe` qu` l ud s`rvfvj, "sfd lgul udls bjrls9 cl eln`zl c` `opf`zl l hjc`r,y `xp`rfo`dtl udl altfgl fdafdftl, `stl s`dslefd s` fd-er`o`dtl pjr eu`dtl h` cjs elclonr`s y jtrls ojc`stfls,qu` cc`dlrd h` hjcjr tjhjs sus oseucjs.

    * @serftjr y p`rfjhfstl.

    CJU ]@^FJHFUXLU

    V CJUEBFGF^JULGJDFYLDX@U

    H`sh` ble` ouebjs ljs b` sfhj ertfej h` cjs `rrjr`s os grlv`s ejo`tfhjs

    pjr lcgudjs ejc`gls `d cl pretfel h` du`strj jafefj, p`rj bjy vlcjrj y `dlct`zej`c ejopjrtlof`dtj buoldftlrfj y prja`sfjdlc h` du`strjs p`rfjhfstls ar`dt` l cltrlg`hfl plh`efhl pjr cjs fdh`a`dsjs ldfolc`s `d ]lz h` Lrfpjrj. ]jr GustlvjElstrj Elye`hj*.

    Cfnfl ]lrlc`s, udl oui`r h`cElsldlr` qu` tf`d` udl r`s`rvl

    dlturlc, hfj cl vjz h` lclrol.Ldt`s h` leuhfr l cl pr`dsl,bfzj blstl cj fopjsfnc` plrl qu`cls lutjrfhlh`s cl lyuhlrld,p`rj c` e`rrlrjd cls pu`rtls.Wfccsjd Hurd Hurd cl`seueb, blefl `c

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    47/60

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    48/60

    82

    "Uf `d `st` pudtj ust`h dj `deu`dtrl cqufhj, su eu`r-pj `op`zlr l lhjro`e`rs`, djtlr ejd pdfej qu` suvfstl s` duncl, s`dtfr qu` su glrgldtl s` lprf`tl y qu`su r`spfrlefd luo`dtl, lc ofsoj tf`opj qu` p`refn` sueu`rpj ejoj sf acjtlrl."El`r `d `c h`cfrfj y s` h`sejd`etlr l tlc pudtj h` clr`lcfhlh, qu` dj r`ejdje`r dlhl `d su `dtjrdj; dj `d-ejdtrlr cls plclnrls plrl `xpr`slr su h`s`sp`rlefd.]`rh`r `c s`dtfhj udjs fdstldt`s ldt`s h` qu` su jr-gldfsoj `xp`rfo`dt` udl alccl `d tjhjs sus sfst`ols,y ojrfr".V ejdecuy`9 "Xlonfd `xfst` `c rf`sgj h` qu` cl nlil h`vjcuo`d d su eu`rpj, jncfgu` l su ejrlzd l trlnlilr h`old`rl `xlg`rlhl, lc pudtj h` qu` `d o`hfj h` au`rt`s

    hjcjr`s, ud fdalrtj cj aucofd`... @a`etjs h`vlstlhjr`s `frr`v`rsfnc`s.

    Dj bly huhl h` qu` tjhj `sj cj suarf`rjd cjs ebfgfrjs ycls jtrls `sp`ef`s `d ]lz h` Lrfpjrj, qu`, s`gd Olrl@cvfrl Ulop`r, `d @c @sp`etlhjr, prjy`etlrjd "udls fo-g`d`s h`c afd h`c oudhj, sjs "ofc`s h` ldfolc`s ou`r-tjs h` s`h y h` blonr`, clgudls s`els sjd, sfd `xlg`rlr,fog`d`s lpjelcptfels.

    U@ ]@^HF OU H@ HF@Y ]J^ EF@DXJ H@CJU LDFOLC@U H@C ELULDL^@U, au` hldt`sej v`r l ofc`s h` tf`rdjs ebfgfrjs y jtrjss`r`s vfvjs fdh`a`dsjs ` fopjt`dt`s, lgjdfzldhj `dtr``c nlrrj. Djs ejdojvf`rjd, ` fdhfgdlrjd l cjs ejcjonfl-djs. Cl Ejrpjrlefd Lutdjol ^`gfjdlc h` cl Jrfdjqul(Ejrpjrfdjqul), fdajro9 @d `stl o`rg`defl lonf`dtlcbl p`r`efhj os h` hf`z pjr ef`dtj h` cjs ldfolc`s h`Elsldlr`. U`gd cjs blnftldt`s y cjs p`rfjhfstls qu`eunrf`rjd cl djtfefl, ourf`rjd os h` >=.=== ldfolc`s.Lp`dls 1.=== y `sj yl blnl plslhj, au` `c ejo`dtlrfjh`slnrfhj, lc Djtfef`rj h`c Eldlc Elrlejc, qu` sjd fdhj-c`dt`, v`dfhj frdfelo`dt`, dlhl o`djs qu` h` cl s`jrlofdfstrl h`c Lonf`dt` y H`slrrjccj Ujeflc.

    @C X^LXLOF@DXJ H@ CJU O@HFJUCjs o`hfjs blnld fdajrolhj h`sh` djvf`onr` h`c ljplslhj sjnr` cl lhv`rt`defl h`c Fh`lo, qu` d cjs prfo`-rjs o`s`s h` >=

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    49/60

    86

    C C`l tlonfd9 Clejopc`tl erdfel sjnr` `st` h`-slstr` lonf`dtlc `serftl pjr Wfcc-sjd Hurd d www.ldhlejc.ejo/r`vfstl 05, s`eefd9 ejyudturl, j`d `c cfdk9 bttp9//clsebfvlsh`cccl-dj.ejo.ej/djtfefls/h`slstr`-lonf`dtlc-ols-h`-

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    50/60

    0=

    ]lrl ejdje`r ossjnr` qu `s clglofafelefd, cl eulc c`dtlo`dt` s`vl lhjptldhj pjr jrgldfzlefjd`s cl-tfdjlo`rfeldls, `stl `dtr`vfstl ejdHlvfh Jrtfz Uf`rrl, Ejudtry Oldlg`rh` Pdsjdj Ebfc`, djs le`rel lc t`oly l cl v`z djs p`roft` ejdje`r h`e`rel `c elsj h`c iu`gj Olst`reb`a,lpcfelhj pjr Pdsjdj Nusfd`ss Uj-cutfjds `d Fn`rhrjcl ejopll h`prjhueefd, hfstrfnuefd y ejo`refl-cfzlefd h` `d`rgl `spljcl plrl

    pr`oflr l sus lg`dt`s pjr cls v`d-tls y r`t`defjd`s h` ecf`dt`s.

    Euc`s sjd cjs prfdefplc`s jni`tf-vjs h` `stl tedfel: Olxfofzlr c do`rj h` v`dtls. Ejds`gufr ud dtjrdj ojtfvlhjr

    qu` fde`dtfv` cl letftuh ejo`reflc. Uup`rlr cjs jni`tfvjs `xfgfhjs

    `d elcfhlh jar`efhl y p`refnfhl. Fder`o`dtlr cl ejop`tftfvfhlh

    `dtr` cjs lg`dt`s.

    ]u`h`d, cl lctl hfr`eefd y cjs `o-pc`lhjs h` udl `opr`sl, ejd ud

    "iu`gj", cc`glr l elonflr sus ejo-pjrtlof`dtjs: Eoj:Cl b`rrlof`dtl h` glofafelefdpu`h` s`r uslhl h`dtrj h` cjs h`-plrtlo`dtjs h` r`eursjs buoldjsh` eulcquf`r `opr`sl plrl ejopc`-o`dtlr lcgudls `strlt`gfls y hfr`e-trfe`s. Cj prfo`rj qu` h`n`d ble`rcjs `delrglhjs `s h`afdfr euc `s `cjni`tfvj qu` nuseld `d cl ejopl-l y eoj tf`d`d p`dslhj cjgrlrcj.

    Pdl v`z h`t`rofdlhl cl `strlt`gfl,s` h`n` t`d`r `d eu`dtl qu` dj tj-hjs cjs `opc`lhjs tf`d`d qu` plr-tfefplr. Uf cjs jncfglojs, v`rd `stlpretfel ejoj ud pcus l su elrgl h`trlnlij hflrfl y dj ejoj udl oj-tfvlefd plrl ble`r lcgj hfa`r`dt`,ejoprjo`t`rs` ud pjej os ejd cl`opr`sl, `te. Uf cjs trlnlilhjr`s djpu`h`d h`efhfr pjr `ccjs ofsojs, cl`strlt`gfl dj audefjdlr.

    LDHL fdt`rdlefjdlc

    GLOFAFELEFDJX^L L]P@UXL ]J^ CJ ]JUFXFQJ

    Pdl hfdofel chfel plrl luo`dtlr cl `xp`rf`defl y cls v`dtls

    @st ejdsjcfhlhl `d @spll ejoj udl h` cls t`dh`defls qu` bjy jar`e` lcoudhj `opr`slrflc cl jpjrtudfhlh h` ejds`gufr udl olyjr afh`cfzlefd y o`-

    ijrls `d cls `xp`rf`defls h` sus ecf`dt`s y usulrfjs, o`hfldt` o`edfels h`iu`gjs `d ejdt`xtjs dj chfejs. ]jr Klrcl ^lor`z*, @spll.

    @d qu ejdsfst` cl glofafelefd:Cl glofafelefd `s udl h` cls tedf-els qu` os `xp`etltfvl `st g`d`-rldhj d tjhj c oudhj. Ejdsfst` d`c `opc`j h` o`edfels h` iu`gj `d`dtjrdjs y lpcfelefjd`s dj chfels,ejd `c afd h` pjt`deflr cl ojtfvlefd,cl ejde`dtrlefd, `c `sau`rzj, cl af-h`cfzlefd y jtrjs vlcjr`s pjsftfvjsejoud`s l tjhjs cjs iu`gjs. @stlshfdofels s` bld vu`ctj nlstld-t` ltrletfvls plrl s`etjr`s ejoj cl

    `huelefd, cjs r`eursjs buoldjs, `cturfsoj, cl o`hfefdl y `c olrk`tfdg.

    Hlvfh Jrtfz Uf`rrl, EjudtryOldlg`r h` Pdsjdj Ebfc``xpcfe9 `c iu`gj plrl Fn`rhrjcltf`d` udl hfdofel qu`pr`t`dh` pr`oflr cls v`dtlsy cls r`t`defjd`s h` cjslg`dt`s ` fde`dtfvlr ls `c

    ejoprjofsj clnjrlc y g`d`rlrud o`ijr lonf`dt` h` trlnlij.Lh`os, cjs lg`dt`s ejdos pudtli`s au`rjd pr`oflhjsejd `xe`c`dt`s r`glcjsqu` r`ejdjef`rjd su `sau`rzj,lsfofsoj hurldt` cls hfa`r`dt`s`tlpls h`c iu`gj tlonfd bunjvlrflhls r`ejop`dsls y pr`ofjs.

    * @hftjrl y p`rfjhfstl h` @huelo`rfels.ejo, olgst`r `d Ejoudfelefd @strltgfel h` cl]jdtfafefl Pdfv`rsfhlh Eltcfel h` Ebfc`.

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    51/60

    0

    LDHL Fdt`rdlefjdlc

    djsjtrjs. Ouebls utfcfzld `stls hf-dofels ejd `c jni`tfvj h` puncfef-tlr cl olrel y ls t`d`r ud `a`etj h``dglg`o`dtejd sus ecf`dt`s. @dtr``sls, udl h` cls qu` os s` h`stlel`s Ejel-Ejcl yl qu` l trlvs h` hfa`-r`dt`s hfdofels h` iu`gj unfelhls`d `splefjs pncfejs, bl cjgrlhj ej-

    d`etlr l cjs ecf`dt`s ejd cl `ojtfvf-hlh y `c o`dsli` h` cl olrel.@d `c elsj h` Hrjpnjx, s` nusel qu`cjs usulrfjs lhquf`rld olyjr `spl-efj cu`gj h` ejopc`tlr ef`rtls tlr`ls,of`dtrls qu` Ajursqulr` ejdsfgufqu` os p`rsjdls s` ldfolrld lejoplrtfr su cjelcfzlefd, o`hfldt`cl `stfouclefd h` o`hlccls h` r`-glcj.

    @d du`strj elsj, cl glofafelefdnusel qu` cjs trlnlilhjr`s cjgr`do`tls y `std os ejoprjo`tfhjsejd sus letfvfhlh`s, sledhjcjs h` clrutfdl ` fde`dtfvdhjcjs l trlvs h`udl ajrol hfv`rtfhl y pjej usulc.

    Eoj utfcfzld cls `opr`sls `stl

    t`dh`defl plrl cc`glr l sus ecf`dt`s:@s ouy sfofclr l ejoj s` r`lcfzlplrl ejoprjo`t`r lc p`rsjdlc h`cl `opr`sl. U` tf`d`d qu` nuselrcls t`otfels qu` ojtfv`d y s`ldltrletfvls plrl sus ecf`dt`s j pjt`d-eflc`s ejdsuofhjr`s, ejoj pjhrlds`r lcgudjs iu`gjs `d Ale`njjk jlpps plrl e`cuclr`s fdt`cfg`dt`s `d`c elsj `d qu` s` lpudt` l ud pncf-

    ej ijv`d y qu` `st ejopc`tlo`dt`t`edjcjgfzlhj. @d `c elsj `d qu` s`lud pncfej qu` dj `st ejd`etlhj lcls du`vls t`edjcjgls y t`dh`defls,s` h`n`rd nuselr lct`rdltfvls ostrlhfefjdlc`s ejoj iudtlr eupjd`s jtlpftls, h`sefarlr le`rtfijs, `te.

    Ujd ejdsef`dt`s cls `opr`sls cltf-djlo`rfeldls `d cl fdt`rdlcfzlefdh` `st` ejde`ptj:@c usj h` cl glofafelefd `d cls `o-pr`sls cltfdjlo`rfeldls s nlstldt`fdefpf`dt`. Vj hfrl qu` lp`dls `std`op`zldhj l ejdje`r os `c ejd-e`ptj y l fopc`o`dtlrcj, pjr cj qu`

    dj s` trltl h` udl b`rrlof`dtl qu`yl s`l plrt` h` tjhls cls `opr`sls.

    Ujnr` cl ajrolefd, er`` ust`h qu`cls `seu`cls h` d`gjefjs ` fddjvl-efd std ds`ldhj tjhj c pjt`d-eflc h` cl glofafelefd:Cl @seu`cl h` D`gjefjs h` cl Fddjvl-efd y cjs @opr`dh`hjr`s, qu` `stpr`s`dt` `d @spll y `d lcgudjspls`s h` Cltfdjlorfel (Ejcjonfly Pruguly), foplrt` ud ost`r `d

    Glofafelefd y Dlrrltfvl Xrldso`-hfl. @st` pjsgrlhj nusel qu` cjs`stuhfldt`s ejdjzeld cls nls`s h`cl glofafelefd y sus lpcfelefjd`slc oudhj h` cl `opr`sl, c`y`s h`cGlo` H`sfgd, pcld h` glofafelefd,`tet`rl.

    Cl ja`rtl lelhofel `s tjhlvl fdef-pf`dt` `d `c oudhj, p`rj ejdsfh`rl-ojs qu` elhl hl blnr os jpefj-

    d`s plrl r`lcfzlr eursjs, hfpcjolhjs,ost`rs, `te. @stj s` v`r alefcftlhjpjr cl pcltlajrol h` eursjs jdcfd`j`-c`lrdfdgqu` r`hue` cls cfoftldt`sg`jgrafels y pjr cl d`e`sfhlh h` cls`opr`sls h` prja`sfjdlcfzlr `stlletfvfhlh, qu` sfd cuglr l huhls olr-elr ud ldt`s y h`spus `d cl ajrolh` trlnlilr h` cjs h`plrtlo`dtjs h`^`eursjs Buoldjs.

    @xp`rtjs s`lcld qu @spll pjhrl ejdv`rtfrs `d c s`gudhj

    pls, cu`gj h @@. PP., `d grlhj h lhjpefd h cl glofafelefd.Lh`os, cl ejdsuctjrl H cjftt pr`hfe qu `d ud auturj e`reldj0= % h cls `opr`sls h fddjvlefd glofafelrd sus prje`sjs.

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    53/60

    WWW.][email protected]^NLU@ VL9

    ]rjojefd vcfhl h`c

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    54/60

    08

    Euldhj sup` qu` Glnrf`c Glrel Orqu`z `da`ro,c` oldh l r`ejrhlr `d ud trfdj ud r`o`hfj qu` cjsgftldjs r`e`tlnld plrl tjhjs cjs olc`s `d Ef`d ljsh` sjc`hlh9 "O`diudi` h` ilrlp`ccfdjsjs g`dfjs i`rj-

    sjcfoftldjs". Xlonfd `s` hl, nuseldhj `c djonr` h`cofclgrjsj r`o`hfj s` `op`zlrjd l slcfr h`c cfnrj tjhlscls plclnrls y cls h`afdfefjd`s qu` blnl olrelhj p-gfdl trls pgfdl; qufs` ejoro`cls h` du`vj9 leus`tl,lclerld`lr, ltjrtuglrs , lo`clzlhj, ldg`cfzlhj, lrjolr,n`r`di`dlc, njrnjrftldt`, eleblej, ebeblrl, ebeb`r`,ejrjtj, eurrutlej... Cc`gu blstl zuruontfej y dj o`qufs` qu`hlr zuruontfel, slqu `c cfnrj h` cl nfncfjt`ely cj s`plr plrl vjcv`ro` l cc`dlr ejd sus plclnrls. Dj`s ejfdefh`defl, cj t dl ejdofgj `c Iu`v`s Uldtj, `stl-nl vfsftldhj `c nustj h` ud elsf plrf`dt` `d Xjel, y o`

    `dejdtr l Glnj, su afrol s`cclnl cl elrtl qu` c` blnl`dvflhj l ud lofgj `d Njyle, p`rj yj dj `rl cl dfel`d `c cuglr, elhl v`z `rl os cl g`dt` h`c pu`ncj qu` s`le`relnl blstl `c plrqu` prfdefplc, dj plrl afilrs` `d `cnustj h` ]cfdfj O`dhjzl D`frl, sfdj plrl plslr su oldjpjr `c nlij r`cf`v` h` cls c`trls h` Glnj y hlrs` cl n`d-hfefd ejoj sf cj `stuvf`rld blef`dhj ejd lgul n`dhf-tl. Lb o` `dt`r h` qu` s` blnl fhj, slqu of cfnrj y`dejdtr cls r`spu`stls l pr`gudtls sfd jrh`d qu` sjcjlcguf`d ltjcjdhrlhj pjr `s` `deu`dtrj fd`sp`rlhj c`pu`h` ble`r l ud djn`c9

    GLN^F@CGL^ELO^\P@Y

    Fdspfr l ejpf`sy l pj`tls, l p`rfjhfstlsy `serftjr`s, l `dlojrlhjs y sufefhls.Ujnr` t`ols fdsfgdfafeldt`s c` pr`gudt`d udl `dtr`vfstl folgfdlhl y `d Ef`dljs h` sjc`hlh o` `serfnf tjhls susr`spu`stls.]jr Lhrfldl ]rf`tj B`rr`rl

    LDHL bjo`dli`

    Oxfej j Ejcjonfl:*Pdj dj `s h` dfdgudl plrt` of`dtrls dj t`dgl udou`rtj nlij cl tf`rrl.Pdj h` sus s`er`tjs o`ijr gulrhlhjs:

    *@c s`er`tj h` udl nu`dl v`i`z dj `s jtrl ejsl qu` udpletj bjdrlhj ejd cl sjc`hlh.Pdl pfdtl qu` r`eu`rh` ejd djstlcgfl:*Pd v`stfhj h` cfdj ouy uslhj, ejd zlpltjs h`a`dhfhjsh`s`sp`rlhlo`dt` ejd ejrt`zls sup`rpu`stls h` ncld-ej h` zfde.Hfe`d qu` c` gustl ejo`r h`splefj:*Elrd` gufslhl ejd e`njccl, lrrjz ncldej y tlilhls h`pctldj arftls, tjhj iudtj `d ud ofsoj pcltj.Pd pjstr`:Huce` h` gulylnl ejd glcc`tftlsC` buy` l lcgd tfpj h` fdvftlefd:*Ujnr` tjhj l lqu`ccls hjdh` ejdvf`rt`d `c letj h` ej-o`r `d udl ofsl olyjr.Lcgudl gjcjsfdl qu` ljr`:*Glccftjs v`rh`s h`c fdsjodfj, `xqufsftjs p`e`s rjslhjsh`c fdsjodfj y tf`rdjs elnlccftjs lolrfccjs h`c fdsjodfj.Olhr`s qu` yl dj `xfst`d:*Cls qu` c`s nlilnld cjs pldtlcjd`s l cjs bfijs y c`s hl-nld udl eu`rfzl l cl o`djr alctl h` r`sp`tj.^`eu`rhl ud eu`dtj qu` c` blyld c`hj h` dfj:*@rl udj qu` elr`el h` plstls y c ttucj dj lplr`el pjrdfdgudl plrt`... @rl cl bfstjrfl h` udl oui`r qu` s` s`d-

    tlnl l cl o`sl y sjcj ejol grldjs h` lrrjz qu` pr`dhlejd lcafc`r`s.\u sln` h` cl g`dt` hfstfdgufhl:*Uln` v`rsfafelr `d cltd, tjelr `c eclvfejrhfj, pu`h` ejd-v`rslr h` e`tr`rl ejd cjs elnlcc`rjs y h` lpjcjg`dtfelejd lrzjnfspjs, pu`h` hfcuefhlr lsudtjs h` @stlhj ejd cjsgjn`rdldt`s `xtrldi`rjs y lsudtjs h` Hfjs ejd `c plpl.O`re`h`s `s udl oui`r hfstfdgufhl:O`re`h`s s O`re`h`s.\u sfdtf euldhj au` h` Q`d`zu`cl l Nlrrldqufcclplrl p`hfrc` qu` s` elslrl ejd ust`h:*Pd t`oncjr h` tf`rrl.^`eu`rhl lcgudl prfo`rl v`z:*C` quftlrjd cl rjpl y cj zlrldh`lrjd ejoj ud ejstlc h`plpls y cj vjct`lrjd lc h`r`ebj y lc r`vs `d udl jseu-rfhlh fdsjdhlnc` `d cl qu` c` sjnrlnld cjs nrlzjs Djslnl hdh` `stlnld cjs pf`s y hdh` cl eln`zl, df cjspf`s h` qufd df cl eln`zl h` qufd...V udl `se`dl h` plsfd:*@d os h` udl jelsfd s` ofrld l cjs jijs euldhj s`hfspjd`d l ejo`r y sfd h`efrs` dlhl tlpld cjs pcltjs ys` vld l ojrfrs` h` blonr` y h` lojr `d `c hjroftjrfj.

    Djs pusj l vjclr d olrfpjsls lolrfccls

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    55/60

    00

    U` leu`rhl h`c pldtlcd qu` uslnl rsucl plrl oltlrcl plsfd h` su olrfhj of`dtrls `ccl hjrol:*@rl ud pldtlcd ruhfo`dtlrfj qu` su olhr` c` alnrfeejd cjdl h` v`c`rj y `stlnl r`ajrzlhj ejd ud sfst`ol h`

    ejrr`ls `dtr`eruzlhls, qu` s` e`rrlnl pjr h`cldt` ejdudl gru`sl b`nfccl h` bf`rrj.\u ldtjijs s` ejoprlrl:*Pd ojdj lol`strlhj plrl lhfvfdlr cjs p`dslof`d-tjs, udl oqufdl octfpc` h` `sls qu` sfrv`d lc ofsojtf`opj plrl p`glr njtjd`s y nlilr cl af`nr`, ud lplrltjplrl jcvfhlr cjs olcjs r`eu`rhjs y `c `opclstj plrl p`r-h`r `c tf`opj.]lrl qu lceldzl `c tf`opj euldhj udj cj tf`d`:*Blstl plrl r`nldlrs` cjs elccjs.Lcgudl pr`ojdfefd qu` s` blyl euopcfhj:

    *H`dtrj h` pjej, `c bjonr` pjhr v`r cj qu` jeurr` `deulcquf`r cuglr h` cl Xf`rrl, sfd ojv`rs` h` su elsl.Ejdje` lcgudl elclofhlh qu` pu`hl t`rofdlr ejd udl`stfrp`:*Cl gu`rrl, cjs glccjs h` p`c`l, cls oui`r`s h` olcl vfhly cls opr`sls h`cfrldt`s.

    \ufd`s sjd nu`djs plrl cl gu`rrl:*Cjs qu` hjdh` pjd`d `c jij pjd`d `c pcjoj.\u s` hfe` `d ud pu`ncj sfd o`ojrfl:*@d Olejdhj dj bl plslhj dlhl, df st plsldhj, df pl-

    slr dudel. @st` `s ud pu`ncj a`cfz.Lcgudl h` `stls eulcfhlh`s j ejstuonr`s h`c ejrjd`cLur`cfldj Nu`dhl au`rjd suyls:. @sprftu fdh`p`dhf`dt`. ^`sfst`defl l tjhl ajrol h` rfgfh`z sjeflc. Xlzjd`s h` ela sfd lzelr l cls efdej. H`sjrh`d h` su h`splebj. Ejstuonr` h` s`dtlrs` `d cl pu`rtl h` cl elcc` lc ltlr-h`e`r.@sj bly qu` pr`gudtrs`cj l O`re`h`s.Cl r`lcfhlh s` pu`h` `selplr:*Ujcj euldhj s` jcvfh`d cjs vlcjr`s h` cl c`trl `serftl.

    Cls r`spu`stls h` `stl `dtr`vfstl olrelhls ejd * au`rjd tjolhlsh`c cfnrj Ef`d ljs h` sjc`hlh, `hfefd ejdo`ojrltfvl h` cl ^`lcLelh`ofl @spljcl. Lcalgulrl, >==7.

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    56/60

    01

    @c jofdjsj `t`rdj r`tjrdj, qu` trltl h` `xpcfelr cl fd-sfst`defl `d cjs `rrjr`s h`c blnftldt` h`c pcld`tl Xf`rrl,udls v`e`s `d `cfps` lopcflhl y jtrls `d `cfps` r`strfd-gfhl, p`rj sf`opr` sfofclr`s `qufvjelefjd`s.

    Ejoj lc prfdefpfj, bjy tlonfd `st h`sduhj. Ar`dt` lcl lvlcldebl h` cl ejrrupefd, bl t`dfhj qu` v`dtfclr sustrlpftjs `d cl r`h; y ldt` cl lrrjgldefl h` su b`hjdfsoj,plrl trltlr h` iustfafelr su afdgfhl p`ra`eefd y r`ajrzlrsu g`stfd `d `c o`relhj ejrpjrlc, `xpjd` su fdtfofhlhasfel `d cl olccl h` cl Fdt`rd`t, ejd fd`xpcfelnc` jrguccj.

    H` `st` r`augfj hfgftlc s` pr`slgfl qu` s` lsjolr h`du`vj lc oudhj, lbjrl ejd jtrls lrols pjh`rjslo`dt`fdefsfvls. \u tldtj:

    Ejopjsfefd h` cuglr9 folgfd`ojs ud ijv`d ldlcaln`tj,

    ejrrjhl cl ejdef`defl pjr r`dejr`s lde`strlc`s, sfd ejdj-efof`dtjs d olt`rfl h` hfspjsftfvjs c`tlc`s, lrolhj ejdudl lo`trlcclhjrl h` ctfol g`d`rlefd, ejd lnudhldt`oudfefd lc clhj, ar`dt` l udl ouctftuh fd`ro`.

    @s `c ofsoj rf`sgj qu` ejrr` bjy cl buoldfhlh ar`dt`l lhjc`se`dt`s sfd `huelefd, qufzs s ejd lnudhldt`fdstrueefd sjnr` `c t`ol `dtr` oldjs, lyudjs h` vlcj-r`s, qu` h`sh` sus elv`rdls efn`rdtfels s` `dar`dtld lud udfv`rsj qu` `ccjs ofsojs bld ejdv`rtfhj `d lerrf-oj lhv`rslrfj.

    Djs `sp`rld grldh`s y, qufzs, h`slgrl-hlnc`s sjrpr`sls, plrl cls qu tjhlvl dj`stlojs pr`plrlhjs.

    Dj `d vldj du`strj dudel nf`d ccjrlhj ol`strj cvlrjOutfs h`el9 Uf lcguf`d tf`d` lcgudl `sp`rldzl sjnr` clsu`rt` h` cl `sp`ef` buoldl, j `s qu` dj `st ejopr`d-hf`dhj, j `s qu` quf`r` ble`rs` `c tjdtj. Xlc y eulc!

    LDHL o`ojrfls lc vf`dtj

    Euldhj cl plrteucl h` Hfjs s` bfzj bjonr`, cl h`sj-clhl erflturl buoldl nuse y blcc `d cls ldarletujsf-hlh`s h` su `dtjrdj r`augfj plrl prjt`g`rs` h` cls tjr-o`dtls h`c ef`cj y h` cjs tjro`dtjs h` su sjc`hlh.

    Xld prjdtj blcc lcgj ejdtudh`dt` qu` c` p`roftf`rl`o`rg`r, ejd lcgd lsjoj h` xftj, `d nusel h`c auturj,s` lro h` vlcjr y slcf l ejdqufstlr `c pcld`tl qu` c`blnl tjelhj `d su`rt`.

    H` cl grutl dlef cl djefd h` cl ebjzl, qu` s` ejdvfrtf delsl y cu`gj d elstfccj, plrl h`a`dh`rs` h` sus ejdgd`-r`s, ejdv`rtfhjs `d vlslccjs pjr jnrl y grlefl h` su lvl-rfefl; y d ejdv`dtjs y ojdlst`rfjs plrl prjt`g`rs` h` clfgdjrldefl y h`c h`ojdfj, `s` t`rrfnc` p`rsjdli` qu` s`blnl fdv`dtlhj euldhj cl bfstjrfl h`c oudhj jeefh`dtlcs` plrtf `d hjs `d prjeurl h` lpclelr sus jhfjs fdt`d-

    sjs, lonfefjd`s h`snjrhlhls y lojr`s prjofseujs.

    U` lplgl cl cuz h`c r`dle`r y `c prifoj trldsajrol suojrlhl `d r`efdtj fdvucd`rlnc` ldt` cjs ltlqu`s h`c v`-efdj, slcvj ldt` cl c`y qu`, l cl v`z, `s lrol ja`dsfvl y s``sgrfo` pjr lcgudjs ejd v`dtlil p`rv`rsl.

    ]`rj `c eu`dtj s` r`pft`. @c `t`rdj r`tjrdj qu` B`recf-tj, c pclfh`rj y jseurj h` a`sj blnl vfscuonrlhj h`s-h` c jt`rj h` su p`sfofsoj, s` ble` vfh`dt` y dvu`cv``d sus cclols cl cjeurl g`dflc h` Df`tzseb`, euldhj cldzl

    lc sup`rbjonr` l cl `se`dl wlgd`rfldl, le`rlhj `d `chjcjr p`rp`tuj h` Uebjp`dblu`r.

    @c dr`hj h` cl sup`rvfv`defl, qu` cc`vl lc s`r buoldj h`du`vj l lcgd r`augfj plrl prjt`g`r su `xfst`defl vlef-cldt` h` cjs rfgjr`s h` su fdafdftl nsqu`hl, udl v`z oscj ejdhue` l cl elv`rdl, `d `stl jelsfd efn`rdtfel, qu`cj `seuhl, lplr`dt`o`dt`, h`c p`cfgrj qu` c ofsoj s`bl `delrglhj h` s`onrlr `d cjs nlrn`ebjs h`c ejdjef-of`dtj.

    ]jr Iucfj @eb`v`rrf Ullv`hrl*.*]uncfefstl.

    \u s` g`stl `d

    CL ELQ@^DL EFN@^DXFEL:

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    57/60

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    58/60

    LDHL `d efarls

    * FDAJ^OLEFD UPOFDFUX^LHL ]J^ FLN, H@ LEP@^HJ L Ujdh`j ejdhuefhj pjr ]wE, ejd cl o`tjhjcjgl h`afdfhl pjr FLN. ^`suctlhjs plrl `c

    p`rjhj ejopr`dhfhj `dtr` `c < h` `d`rj y 5< h` hfef`onr` h` >==5 LG@DEFLU, LAFCFLHJU L FLN EJCJONFL.

    Cjs fdgr`sjs pjr Ejdt`dt Olrk`tfdg sjd r`pjrtlhjs pjr cjs o`hfjs y cls lg`defls

    sjcj l plrtfr h`c lj >== QU. >===

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    59/60

    ^`vfstl LDHL, euopcfojs >= ljs]rjojefjdldhj `c plp`c h` cjs ldudefldt`s,

    h cl puncfefhlh, c o`relh`j y cls ejoudfelefjd`s.

    LDHL

  • 7/27/2019 Revista ANDA 53

    60/60