REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS

Human Ruminant Equine

Stomach 30% 70% 9-10%

Sm. Intestine

33% 19% 30%

Cecum 7% 3% 16%

Lg. Intestine

30% 7% 45%

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSComparación digestiva

Volatile Fatty AcidsGlucose

Fatty Acids

Fat

Glycogen

Digestible Carbohydrate

Fermentable Fiber

Stomach Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Fat

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDigestión

• Maintenance - basic requirements of life

• Growth - youngest has highest requirements

• Gestation - last three months• Lactation - first three months• Work - depends on activity

– light, moderate, intense • Geriatric

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCategorías digestivas

• Essential for all body functions

• Temperature regulation• Feed digestion• Amount of water intake

– Level of exercise– Ambient temperature– Quality of feeds in ration– Proportion of diet that is

forage• Minimum 1 gallon/100 lbs

BW/day

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDieta balanceada - Agua

• Forage• Concentrate – Grain• Supplements

• Size: body weight• Environment• Individual digestive &

metabolic efficiency • Dry matter intake: 1.5%

of the BW • Most - energy

requirements are met with forage alone

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSMantenimiento

Muscle GlycogenBlood Glucose

Anaerobic Glycolysis

OxidativeMetabolism

Pyruvate Lactate

ATP

Free-Fatty Acids

CreatinePhosphate

Myokinaseand CPKReactions

CO2and Water

Lipolysis

Oxygen

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuente de energía para el desempeño

• Light - western and English pleasure, trail riding, equitation, hacking

• Moderate - dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting, barrel racing, jumping

• Intense - race training, polo, cutting,

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSNiveles de desempeño

Activity Examples DE (Mcal/d)

Maintenance Pasture 16

Light work Pleasure riding 20

Moderate work Reining, jumping 24

Intense work Racing, endurance 32

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSEnergía requerida

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSTabla de recomendación

• First figure roughage requirement (1-2% of body weight) ex. 0.0175 x 1100 lbs. = 19.25 lbs.

• Then figure D.E., C.P., Ca. and P provided by this amount of hay

• Next figure how much concentrate to feed based on D.E. deficit remaining

• Double check- does it make sense?

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una ración

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una ración

• http://nrc88.nas.edu/nrh/

CABALLOS ADULTOS:P.V. (kg) = 4.3*P.T. (cm) + 3*A.C. (cm) – 785

CABALLOS DE MENOS DE CUATRO AÑOS:P.V. (kg) = 4.5*P.T. (cm) – 370

P.V. = peso vivoP.T. = perímetro torácicoA.C. = alzada de la cruz

Fuente = I.N.R.A. (Francia)

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo del peso corporal

• Hydrolysable CHO– Sugars & starches– Create ↓ intestinal pH & risk of

colic• Fermentable CHO

– Beet pulp or soy hulls– ↓ glycogen usage

• Fat– 3X the energy concentration of CHO– Creates higher energy feed

• Protein (minimal usage)

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuentes de Energía

Why Use It For Performance Horses? Energy from fat is 90%

utilizable Fat ↓ heat of fermentation Fat glycogen storage

prior to race Fat ↓ buildup of lactic acid

during intense exercise Fat ↓ fatigue

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementacion de grasa

Natural horse diets contain < 3-4% fat “High Fat” sweet feeds contain

6-10% fat Fat Supplements

Vegetable Oil (most common 99% fat)

Rice Bran (very palatable 20% fat)

Animal tallow (not palatable)

• No gall bladder– Max ~20% in total diet– 1100 lb horse can digest

17.5 oz of fat (Just over 2 cups)

• If adding fat to existing diet, need to rebalance other nutrients– (i.e. vitamin E (200 IU/cup

of added oil)• Add 6-10 weeks before

performance.

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementación de grasa

• Hay requirement– Feed at least 50% of total ration as

forage (pasture &/or hay)– Preferably high quality grass hay or

alfalfa/grass mix• Exercising horses do not need high levels of

protein– More important – quality of protein

• Horses should be fed to meet their immediate needs

– I.e. cut grain on rest days• If stalled, overfeeding can

stocking up or colic

• Goals– Maximize genetic

potential for growth– Sound musculos keletal

system

•Nutrient balance is importantNutrient balance is important•Requires higher quality feedsRequires higher quality feeds•Growth rate & age determines requirementsGrowth rate & age determines requirements•Growing till reach 30 monthsGrowing till reach 30 months

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCrecimiento

• Provision of nutrients for:– Fetal growth & development

• Other products of conception

Foal10%

Other5%

85%

•Last 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals’ weightLast 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals’ weight•Mare needs to gain 0.3 – 0.8 lb/dMare needs to gain 0.3 – 0.8 lb/d

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGestación: potro

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

15 30 45 60 90 120 150

Time (days)

Dai

ly M

ilk P

rod

uct

ion

(lb

s)

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSProducción de leche

Mare status Forage Concentrate Total

Early pregnancy 1.5-2.0 0-0.5 1.5-2.0

Late pregnancy 1.0-1.5 0.5-1.0 1.5-2.0

Early lactation 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0

Late lactation 1.0-2.0 0.5-1.5 2.0-2.5

•Adding concentrate to late pregnancy mares accounts for limited energy & acclimates microbes•Allow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changesAllow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changes

•Heavy milkers may require as much as 1.75-2.0% of BW in concentrate feed/day

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSYegua: Consumo de alimento (como % del peso vivo)

Fiber digestion decreasesAbility to manufacture or absorb certain vitamins decrease

B vitaminsVitamin C

Decreased kidney functionCalcium stones may build up

Decreased liver functionJaundice, weight loss, lethargy, loss of appetite, intolerance for fat and protein in diet

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGeriátricos