REQUERIMIENTO 4: EQUINOS

Human Ruminant Equine

Stomach 30% 70% 9-10%

Sm. 33% 19% 30%

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSComparacin digestiva

Sm. Intestine

33% 19% 30%

Cecum 7% 3% 16%

Lg. Intestine

30% 7% 45%

Digestible Carbohydrate

Fermentable Fiber Large Intestine

Fat

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDigestin

Volatile Fatty AcidsGlucose

Fatty Acids

Fat

Glycogen

Stomach Small Intestine

Maintenance - basic requirements of life

Growth - youngest has highest requirements

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCategoras digestivas

requirements

Gestation - last three months Lactation - first three months Work - depends on activity

light, moderate, intense Geriatric

Essential for all body functions

Temperature regulation Feed digestion Amount of water intake

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSDieta balanceada - Agua

Forage Concentrate Grain Supplements

Amount of water intake Level of exercise Ambient temperature Quality of feeds in ration Proportion of diet that is

forage Minimum 1 gallon/100 lbs

BW/day

Size: body weight Environment Individual digestive &

metabolic efficiency

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSMantenimiento

metabolic efficiency

Dry matter intake: 1.5% of the BW

Most - energy requirements are met

with forage alone

Muscle GlycogenBlood Glucose

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Pyruvate Lactate

ATPCreatinePhosphate

Myokinaseand CPKReactions

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuente de energa para el desempeo

OxidativeMetabolism

Free-Fatty Acids

Reactions

CO2and Water

Lipolysis

Oxygen

Light - western and English pleasure, trail riding, equitation, hacking

Moderate - dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting, barrel racing, jumping

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSNiveles de desempeo

barrel racing, jumping

Intense - race training, polo, cutting,

Activity Examples DE (Mcal/d)

Maintenance Pasture 16

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSEnerga requerida

Light work Pleasure riding 20

Moderate work Reining, jumping 24

Intense work Racing, endurance 32

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSTabla de recomendacin

First figure roughage requirement (1-2% of body weight) ex. 0.0175 x 1100 lbs. = 19.25 lbs.

Then figure D.E., C.P., Ca. and P provided by this amount of hay

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una racin

provided by this amount of hay

Next figure how much concentrate to feed based on D.E. deficit remaining

Double check- does it make sense?

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo de una racin

http://nrc88.nas.edu/nrh/

CABALLOS ADULTOS:

P.V. (kg) = 4.3*P.T. (cm) + 3*A.C. (cm) 785

CABALLOS DE MENOS DE CUATRO AOS:

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCalculo del peso corporal

P.V. (kg) = 4.5*P.T. (cm) 370

P.V. = peso vivo

P.T. = permetro torcico

A.C. = alzada de la cruzFuente = I.N.R.A. (Francia)

Hydrolysable CHO Sugars & starches Create intes.nal pH & risk of

colic

Fermentable CHO

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSFuentes de Energa

Fermentable CHO Beet pulp or soy hulls glycogen usage

Fat 3X the energy concentration of CHO Creates higher energy feed

Protein (minimal usage)

l Why Use It For Performance Horses?

l Energy from fat is 90% utilizable

l Fat heat of fermentation

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementacion de grasa

l Natural horse diets contain < 3-4% fat

l High Fat sweet feeds contain 6-10% fat

l Fat Supplementsl Fat heat of fermentationl Fat glycogen storage

prior to race

l Fat buildup of lactic acid during intense exercise

l Fat fatigue

l Fat Supplementsl Vegetable Oil (most common

99% fat)

l Rice Bran (very palatable 20% fat)

l Animal tallow (not palatable)

No gall bladder Max ~20% in total diet 1100 lb horse can digest

17.5 oz of fat (Just over 2 cups)

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSSuplementacin de grasa

Hay requirement Feed at least 50% of total ration as

forage (pasture &/or hay)

Preferably high quality grass hay or alfalfa/grass mix

Exercising horses do not need high levels of protein

If adding fat to existing diet, need to rebalance other nutrients

(i.e. vitamin E (200 IU/cup of added oil)

Add 6-10 weeks before performance.

protein

More important quality of protein Horses should be fed to meet their immediate

needs

I.e. cut grain on rest days If stalled, overfeeding can

stocking up or colic

Goals Maximize genetic

potential for growth

Sound musculos keletal system

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSCrecimiento

Nutrient balance is importantNutrient balance is importantRequires higher quality feedsRequires higher quality feedsGrowth rate & age determines requirementsGrowth rate & age determines requirementsGrowing till reach 30 monthsGrowing till reach 30 months

Provision of nutrients for: Fetal growth & development

Other products of conception

Foal10%

Other

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGestacin: potro

Other5%

85%

Last 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals weightLast 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals weightMare needs to gain 0.3 Mare needs to gain 0.3 0.8 lb/d0.8 lb/d

26

27

28

Dai

ly M

ilk P

rod

uct

ion

(lb

s)

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSProduccin de leche

21

22

23

24

25

26

15 30 45 60 90 120 150Time (days)

Dai

ly M

ilk P

rod

uct

ion

(lb

s)

Mare status Forage Concentrate Total

Early pregnancy 1.5-2.0 0-0.5 1.5-2.0

Late pregnancy 1.0-1.5 0.5-1.0 1.5-2.0

Early lactation 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSYegua: Consumo de alimento (como % del peso vivo)

Early lactation 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0

Late lactation 1.0-2.0 0.5-1.5 2.0-2.5

Adding concentrate to late pregnancy mares accounts for limited energy & acclimates microbes

Allow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changesAllow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changes

Heavy milkers may require as much as 1.75-2.0% of BW in concentrate feed/day

Fiber digestion decreases

Ability to manufacture or absorb certain vitamins decrease

B vitamins

Vitamin C

Decreased kidney function

REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOSGeritricos

Decreased kidney function

Calcium stones may build up

Decreased liver function

Jaundice, weight loss, lethargy, loss of appetite, intolerance for fat and protein in diet