proyecto de investigación del voto electronico

8/17/2019 Proyecto de Investigación Del Voto Electronico

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PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN DEL VOTO ELECTRONICO

HITO CAYO

JHON ALEX

INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE UN TEMA DE INTERÉS SOCIAL

UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA NESTOR CACERES VELASQUEZ

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y POLÍTICAS

DERECHO INFORMÁTICO

JULICA

20!

Contenido

" PRESENTACIÓN...............................................................................3



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

2"# EL VOTO ELECTRÓNICO.....................................................................3

$"# ANTECEDENTES..................................................................................4

!"# ESTADO DEL ARTE DEL VOTO ELECTRÓNICO EN EL MUNDO.......4

%" V&'& ()(*'+,-.*& (- () P(+/.................................................................6" L1 3&+'1)(41....................................................................................... 7

5" L1 6.3.*7)'16(....................................................................................7

8" T.9& 6( :&'& ()(*'+,-.*&....................................................................9

;" S.'(<1 6( :&'1*.,- ()(*'+,-.*1......................................................9

0" S(=7+.616 6() :&'& ()(*'+,-.*&.......................................................10

" A+=7<(-'1*.,- > 7<1+.&...............................................................13

2" ?QUE NOS DICE LA ONPE@..............................................................14

$" ?Q7 :(-'11 &3+(*( () V&'& E)(*'+,-.*&@..............................14

!" ?Q7 <&61).616( 6( :&'& ()(*'+,-.*& (.'([email protected]

%"# ?Q7 (37(+4& (*&-,<.*& 6(<1-61+1 1) E'16& )1

.<9)(<(-'1*.,- 6() V&'& ()(*'+,-.*&@................................................15

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5"# SOFTARE SEGURIDAD Y GARANTÍAS.......................................16

8"# POSIBLES OBSTÁCULOS Y SOLUCIONES....................................16

;"# CONCLUSIONES..............................................................................21

20"# BIBLIOGRAFÍA.................................................................................22

" PRESENTACIÓN

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Las últimas dos d!adas "l m#$do %a &i&ido !am'ios so()("$d"$t"s "sto )o( lai$*#"$!ia d" la "l"!t(+$i!a , la a#tomati-a!i+$ "$ la &ida dia(ia d" los !i#dada$osa "sto $o %a sido a/"$o la admi$ist(a!i+$ "l"!to(al lo !#al s" %a !o$!("ti-ado "$ lo#" s" d"$omi$a "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o #" a $i&"l d" #dam(i!a ,a %a dado s#s)(im"(os (#tos. A$t"s d" )asa( a s"ala( las ")"(i"$!ias s#dam"(i!a$as "$ &oto

"l"!t(+$i!o , s#s !o$s"!#"$!ias ("s)"!ti&as %a'( #" "s!la("!"( d" # s" t(ata"st" "$+m"$o. " d"$omi$a sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a a la !om'i$a!i+$d" "#i)os m"!$i!os , "l"!t(om"!$i!os o "l"!t(+$i!os #" i$!l#," "l sot8a("("#"(ido )a(a )(o(ama( , !o$t(ola( al "#i)o #" s" #sa )a(a d":$i( las )a)"l"tasd" &ota!i+$ "st" sist"ma tam'i$ )#"d" i$!l#i( la t(a$smisi+$ d" ("s#ltados so'("("d"s d" t"l"!om#$i!a!i+$. ; s" d"$omi$a &oto "l"!t(+$i!o a a#"l &oto #" s"("ali-a )o( m"dio d" alú$ dis)ositi&o "l"!t(+$i!o "$ o(ma a#tomti!a "$ #$a!om)#tado(a "$ a#"l <"(mi$al s" )("s"$ta$ todas las o)!io$"s "$ !om)"t"$!ia)a(a )"(miti( la s"l"!!i+$ i$m"diata "l "s!(#ti$io d" &otos "s i$m"diato lo #")osi'ilita #" s" "$t("#"$ ("s#ltados "$ !o(to ti"m)o.

A#$#" ot(os a#to("s sosti"$"$ #" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )os"" dos a!")!io$"s la

a!")!i+$ am)lia d"l !o$!")to d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o im)li!a la (""("$!ia a todos losa!tos "l"!to("s a!ti'l"s d" s"( ll"&ados a !a'o a)"la$do a la t"!$olo=a d" lai$o(ma!i+$ "stos i$!l#,"$ ("ist(o d" !i#dada$os !o$"!!io$"s d" ma)as"l"!to(al"s "("$!ia admi$ist(a!i+$ , lo=sti!a "l"!to(al "l "/"(!i!io d"l &oto "$s= mismo "l )(o!"so d" "s!(#ti$io t(a$smisi+$ d" ("s#ltados , s# !"(ti:!a!i+$o:!ial "$ la a!")!i+$ ("st(i$ida s" (":"(" "!l#si&am"$t" al a!to d" &ota(.

El sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a $o "s ú$i!a si$o #" "sta s" %a di&"(si:!ados"ú$ la so:sti!a!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a , s"ú$ los ("#"(imi"$tos d" los !i#dada$os ala l#- d" "stas )("misas t"$"mos t("s sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ "l )(im"(o d" "llos "s#$ sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ 'asado "$ "l )a)"l >?a)"( @as"d Voti$ ,st"m "$ "sta

los &otos s" ("ist(a$ s" "s!(#ta$ , "$"(a$ "l ("s#ltado d" los &otos "mitidos "$ta(/"tas # %o/as d" )a)"l "l s"#$do sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ s" d"$omi$a ("ist(o"l"!t(+$i!o di("!to>Di("!t R"!o(d El"!t(o$i! ,st"mB DRE "st" "s #$ sist"ma)("s"$!ial #" ti"$" la !a(a!t"(=sti!a d" s"( )(o)o(!io$ado )o( ma#i$as"s)"!ialm"$t" a'(i!adas )a(a la &ota!i+$ #" $o s" "$!#"$t("$ !o$"!tadas !o$ot(as m#i$as >)latao(ma !"((ada "stas )#"d"$ s"( ma#i$as d"di!adas #")("s"$ta$ todas las o)!io$"s , "l"!!io$"s sim#lta$"as o ma#i$as d"di!adas !o$t"!lado $#m(i!o t"(mi$ado "l )(o!"so "l"!to(al los datos s" )(o!"sa$ )o( m"diod" #$ )(o(ama d" #$a !om)#tado(a #" s" "$!a(a d" (a'a( los datos d" la&ota!i+$ , las im"$"s d" las )a)"l"tas d" &ota!i+$ "$ !om)o$"$t"s d" m"mo(ia"l último d" los sist"mas "s "l sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ "$ ("d >N"t8o( Voti$ ,st"ms

"l !#al ti"$" dos alt"($ati&as "l sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ "$ ("d asistido>Att"dd"dN"t8o( Voti$ ,st"m "s "l sist"ma d" &oto )("s"$!ial #" i$t"(!o$"!ta &a(ias!om)#tado(as #" )(o)o(!io$a$ so)o(t" )a(a "l &oto , )a(a "l "s!(#ti$io "st"sist"ma )#"d" #tili-a( #$a !om)#tado(a !o$ )a$talla s"$si'l" al ta!to (at+$ ot"!lado tam'i$ "st "l sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ "$ ("d $o asistido >U$att"$d"dN"t8o( Voti$ ,st"m "s #$ sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ $o )("s"$!ial #" s" si(&" d" la)latao(ma d" $t"($"t "s #$ sist"ma $o asistido )#"s "l "l"!to( $o ti"$" #"d"s)la-a(s" %asta #$ !"$t(o d" &ota!i+$ si$o #" )#"d" &ota( d"sd" !#al#i"( l#a(!o$ a!!"so a $t"($"t.

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2"# EL VOTO ELECTRÓNICO

El &oto "l"!t(+$i!o !o$sist" "$ la "misi+$ d" &otos )o( m"dios "l"!t(+$i!os "$

!o$t(a)osi!i+$ d" los m"dios t(adi!io$al"s !omo so$ "l &oto )("s"$!ial "$ )a)"l , "l&oto )o( !o(("o.

Voto "l"!t(+$i!o >tam'i$ !o$o!ido !omo "B&oto "s #$a ")("si+$ #" !om)("$d"&a(ios ti)os d" &ota!i+$ #" a'a(!a ta$to modos "l"!t(+$i!os d" "miti( &otos !omom"dios "l"!t(+$i!os d" !o$ta( los &otos.

Las t"!$olo=as )a(a "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )#"d"$ i$!l#i( ta(/"tas )"(o(adas sist"masd" &ota!i+$ m"dia$t" "s!$"("s +)ti!os , #ios!os d" &ota!i+$ "s)"!iali-ados>i$!l#idos sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ a#to !o$t"$idos Bsist"mas d" &ota!i+$ d" R"ist(o o(a'a!i+$ El"!t(+$i!a Di("!taB DRE )o( s#s silas "$ i$ls. <am'i$ )#"d"(""(i(s" a la t(a$smisi+$ d" 'ol"tas , &otos )o( &=a t"l"+$i!a ("d"s d"

!om)#ta!i+$ )(i&adas o )o( la $t"($"t.

Las t"!$olo=as d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )#"d"$ a!"l"(a( "l !o$t"o d" los &otos ,)#"d"$ )(o&""( #$a m"/o( a!!"si'ilidad )a(a los &ota$t"s !o$ alú$ ti)o d"dis!a)a!idad. i$ "m'a(o "ist"$ !o$t(o&"(sias "s)"!ialm"$t" "$ los EstadosU$idos a!"(!a d" #" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )(i$!i)alm"$t" "l &oto m"dia$t" DRE)#"d" a!ilita( "l (a#d" "l"!to(al o la &iola!i+$ d" s"!("to d" s#(aio

$"# ANTECEDENTES

Los i$t"$tos d" #tili-a( las t"!$olo=as d" la i$o(ma!i+$ , d" las !om#$i!a!io$"s><C "$ los di&"(sos as)"!tos d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o >VE )#"d"$ )a("!"( ("!i"$t"s

)"(o $o "s as=. D" %"!%o #$a d" las )(im"(as a)li!a!io$"s d" las t"!$olo=as"l"!t(om"!$i!as d" :$al"s d"l silo FF #" s# #so )a(a "l "/"(!i!io d"l &oto"l"!t(+$i!o , d"l ("!#"$to d" )a)"l"tas )ost"(io(. As= <%omas Al&a Ediso$ "$ 1G69:(m+ #$a a)li!a!i+$ d" )at"$t" >N 90646 )a(a #$ sist"ma d" (a'a!i+$ d" &oto"l!t(i!o "l !#al l#"o s"(=a #tili-ado )a(a s# )(im"(a )at"$t" )#"s $adi" #iso"m)l"a(la d"s)#s. E$ 1G92 Ia!o' H. J,"(s dis"a la AVJ >a#tomati! &oti$ma!%i$" #" s" a)li!+ "$ &a(ias o!asio$"s "$ "l "stado d" N#"&a ;o( >CREELAN ,NORDEN 2005. E(a #$ a)a(ato 'asado "$ dis)ositi&os d" l"&as #" s" si#i"(o$#tili-a$do )ost"(io(m"$t" "$ ot(as m#i$as simila("s >Da&is , @oma ma!%i$"s.

Co$ la a)a(i!i+$ d" los )(im"(os !om)#tado("s a m"diados d" la d!ada d" 1940 s"("tom+ la )osi'ilidad d" #tili-a( las m#i$as )a(a "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. As= &a(ios)(ototi)os &i"(o$ la l#- a m"diados d"l d"!"$io d" 1960. Js ta(d" s" %a$ &"$ido#tili-a$do d" modo "$"(ali-ado "$ todo "l m#$do )a(a "l ("!#"$to d" &otos , "l!l!#lo d" ("s#ltados :$al"s. La id"a d" mod"($i-a( los )(o!"sos "l"!to(al"s !o$ "l"m)l"o d" t"!$olo=as 'asadas "$ la "l"!t(+$i!a )(o&i"$" d" )"$sado("s !omoK(omm >1955 K#ll"( >1963 A(t"(to$ >19G7 , R%"i$old >1993. E$ la a!t#alidad(a(o "s "l )a=s #" $o %a,a i$t"$tado d"sa((olla( )(#"'as d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o !o$di&"(sos ti)os d" sol#!io$"s , t"!$olo=as.

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!"# ESTADO DEL ARTE DEL VOTO ELECTRÓNICO EN EL MUNDO

La ma,o(=a d" los )a=s"s "$ "l m#$do %a !o$sid"(ado "l #so d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. D""llos #$a '#"$a )a(t" %a ("ali-ado )(#"'as , al#$os ,a lo #tili-a$ d" o(ma&i$!#la$t". E$ &a(ias (")ú'li!as d" E#(o)a s" %a$ im)l"m"$tado di&"(sos "s#"mas!o$ s#s ("s)"!ti&as )(#"'as. E$ ot(os l#a("s &a(ios Estados d" Estados U$idos

"$ @(asil s"#ido d" !"(!a )o( Ji!o "l "m)l"o d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "stam)liam"$t" d"sa((ollado. Asimismo "st si"$do !o$sid"(ado "$ '#"$a )a(t" d"los )a=s"s d" Am(i!a C"$t(al , d"l #(.

!" SUIZA

La Co$"d"(a!i+$ H"l&ti!a !omo sa'"mos "st #"(a d" la U$i+$ E#(o)"a. Ella"s #$ "/"m)lo a s"#i( )o( "l d"sa((ollo "$ la im)la$ta!i+$ d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. E$"st" )a=s di&idido admi$ist(ati&am"$t" "$ 23 !a$to$"s s" ll"&a$ a !a'o !o$s#ltasd" o(ma !o$ti$#a )o( lo #" "(a m#, #tili-ado "l &oto )o( !o(("o. ?ost"(io(m"$t", d#(a$t" &a(ios aos "$ al#$os d" los !a$to$"s s" )#si"(o$ "$ ma(!%a )(#"'asd" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "m)l"a$do di&"(sos mtodos. Est#dios #lt"(io("s d"t"(mi$a(o$s# #so &i$!#la$t" so'(" todo d"s)#s d"l alto i$!("m"$to "$ la )a(ti!i)a!i+$ #"s" )(od#/o "$ los (""("$dos d" 2003 , 2004 ("ali-ados "$ A$iM("s Colo$, ,Ca(o#" >@RAUN , @RNDL 2006.1 Ho, la ma,o( )a(t" d" los !i#dada$os s#i-os#tili-a$ , !o$=a$ "$ "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o.

!"2 BÉLGICA

El ("i$o d" @li!a i$t"(a$t" d" la U$i+$ E#(o)"a >UE #" "l )io$"(o d"l &oto"l"!t(+$i!o "$ "s" !o$ti$"$t". Lo #tili-a(o$ "$ "l !a$t+$ d" V"(lai$" "$ 1991 !o$ta(/"ta ma$ti!a , l)i- +)ti!o. E$ o!t#'(" d" 2000 ,a "l 42 d" la )o'la!i+$s#(a+ "l"!t(+$i!am"$t". E$ !#al#i"( !aso "st" )a=s "s m#, "s)"!ial d"'ido a

#" "l &oto "s o'liato(io , s# sist"ma "l"!to(al m#, !om)l"/o )o( lo #" "l #so d"l&oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s &alo(ado )ositi&am"$t" )o( la admi$ist(a!i+$ "l"!to(al.

!"$ AUST IA

Esta (")ú'li!a "sta'l"!i+ "$ /#lio d" 2003 #$ )la$ )a(a "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. D"sd""$to$!"s s" %a$ d"sa((ollado )(#"'as d" &oto )o( $t"($"t "$ )a(al"lo !o$ las"l"!!io$"s )("sid"$!ial"s "$ a'(il d" 2004 !o$ '#"$os ("s#ltados. E$ la )(ima&"(ad" 2004 "l Ji$ist"(io d"l $t"(io( !o$stit#,+ #$ (#)o d" t(a'a/o so'(" &oto"l"!t(+$i!o.

!"! F ANCIA

;a "l ao 2003 s" "m)l"+ $t"($"t )a(a "l"i( a los (")("s"$ta$t"s )a(a "l Co$s"/o#)"(io( d" K(a$!"s"s "$ "l Et(a$/"(o >CKE )"(o si$ !o$s"#i( i$!("m"$ta( la)a(ti!i)a!i+$ !i#dada$a. E$ "st" )a=s d" la U$i+$ tam'i$ s" %a #tili-ado "l &oto"l"!t(+$i!o "$ !ol"ios "l"!to(al"s s"l"!!io$ados #sa$do la %#"lla da!tila(i$t"(ada "$ #$a ta(/"ta >ma(t !a(d )a(a las "l"!!io$"s al ?a(lam"$to E#(o)"o "$2004. E$ los últimos !omi!ios )("sid"$!ial"s d" 2007 s" "m)l"a(o$ #($as"l"!t(+$i!as )o( )a(t" d" 1 5 millo$"s d" !i#dada$os d" #$ total d" 44 5 millo$"s." ("ist(a(o$ )(o'l"mas so'(" todo !o$ los &ota$t"s d" ma,o( "dad.

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!"% ESTONIA

Es #$ )a=s )io$"(o "$ "l #so &i$!#la$t" , *"i'l" d"l &oto )o( $t"($"t. ;a "$ "lotoo d"l ao 2005 "$ "sta (")ú'li!a d" la U$i+$ E#(o)"a s" ("ali-+ #$a )(#"'a)iloto a&a$-ada "$ #$as "l"!!io$"s lo!al"s #tili-a$do ma(t !a(ds !o$ :(ma"l"!t(+$i!a.

Ult"(io(m"$t" "$ los !omi!ios )a(lam"$ta(ios d" 2007 30.275 )"(so$as &ota(o$)o( $t"($"t >3 5 d" la )o'la!i+$. D" todas o(mas st" "s #$ !aso m#, "s)"!ial, di=!il d" "t(a)ola( d"'ido a la alta )"$"t(a!i+$ d" $t"($"t "$ la so!i"dad , a la)osi'ilidad d" #tili-a( la ta(/"ta d" id"$ti:!a!i+$ !o$ !la&" )(i&ada , )ú'li!a.

!"0 LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMÉ ICA

Es "l ú$i!o !aso "$ "l m#$do "$ "l #" d"'ido a la (a$ !om)l"/idad d" s# sist"ma"l"!to(al !ada Estado " i$!l#so !ada Co$dado d"t"(mi$a la o(ma , los ("!#(sos"l"!to(al"s a #tili-a(. E$ las "l"!!io$"s )("sid"$!ial"s d" $o&i"m'(" d" 2000 !asi "l70 d" los !i#dada$os #tili-+ la &=a "l"!t(+$i!a )a(a "miti( s# &oto !o$ta$do !o$a$ti!#ados m"!a$ismos !omo la ta(/"ta )"(o(ada a#$#" tam'i$ s" "m)l"+ "l&oto !o$ l"!t#(a +)ti!a , la m#i$a "l"!t(+$i!a d" ("ist(o a#tomti!o >DRE.

E$ los !omi!ios $a!io$al"s d" los Estados U$idos !"l"'(ados "$ "l ao 2004 lama,o( )a(t" d" los &ota$t"s s" &ali+ d" sist"mas a#tomati-ados 13 7 d" los!i#dada$os s#(aa(o$ !o$ ta(/"tas )"(o(adas 14 "m)l"+ sist"mas simila("s a lama$i&"la d" %a!" ms d" 100 aos 34 9 &ot+ "$ "#i)os d" l"!t#(a +)ti!a , 293 #tili-+ )a(a s#(aa( "#i)os d"sa((ollados 'a/o "l !o$!")to d"l R"ist(oEl"!t(+$i!o Di("!to. El )(i$!i)al i$!o$&"$i"$t" d" "stos sist"mas "s la !o$:a$-a!i"a #" s" d")osita "$ los ")"(tos #" s#)"(&isa$ los )(o!"sos , la alta d"m"!a$ismos d" &"(i:!a!i+$ lo #" )o$" "$ t"la d" /#i!io s# &alid"-.

!"5 VENEZUELA

Es #$ !aso m#, "s)"!ial ,a #" ll"&a m#!%os aos #tili-a$do !o$ ma,o( o m"$o(o(t#$a "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o 'asado "$ DRE. Est" )a=s t#&o alú$ i$!o$&"$i"$t" )o("l )(o!"dimi"$to d" &"(i:!a!i+$ d"l &ota$t" m"dia$t" l"!t#(a d" %#"lla da!tila( !o$#$a m#i$a d"$omi$ada P!a)ta %#"llasQ o P!a-a %#"llasQ. El d"s)li"#"t"!$ol+i!o "$ los !omi!ios d" "st" )a=s "s #$o d" los ms !om)l"/os )#"s ad"msd" los m+d#los "l"!to(al"s #" "mit"$ #$ 'ol"to "$ )a)"l #" s" i$t(od#!" "$ #$a#($a !o$&"$!io$al )a(a )(o!"d"( "$ alú$ !aso d"t"(mi$ado )o( so(t"o a s#("!#"$to ma$#al >&"(i:!a!i+$ )o( )a)"l tam'i$ s" #sa$ las m"$!io$adasm#i$as P!a)ta %#"llasQ )a(a !om)(o'a( la id"$tidad d" los &ota$t"s m"dia$t""$la!"s sat"lital"s #" )"(mit"$ &"(i:!a( "llo "$ Pti"m)o ("alQ.

!"8 B ASIL

A)(o'+ "$ o!t#'(" d" 1995 #$a $#"&a L", El"!to(al "$ la #" s" d":$i"(o$ lasdi("!t(i!"s d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o !o$ la i$t"$!i+$ d" ("d#!i( "l (a#d" "l"!to(al ,mi$imi-a( "l ti"m)o d" "s!(#ti$io. La #($a El"!t(+$i!a #" "l ú$i!o mtodo d"&ota!i+$ "$ los !omi!ios )a(a "l"i( ?("sid"$t" d" la R")ú'li!a "$ o!t#'(" d" 2002, #" "m)l"ada !o$ ito )o( 115 millo$"s d" &ota$t"s.

!"; LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICA NOS

La d":$i!i+$ d"l #so d" las di&"(sas t"!$olo=as )a(a "l &oto al i#al #" ot(os)a=s"s "$ Ji!o d")"$d" d" los i$stit#tos o !omisio$"s "l"!to(al"s d" los 31

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Estados #" i$t"(a$ la K"d"(a!i+$. Los Estados d" Coa%#ila d" a(ao-a Dist(itoK"d"(al , a$ L#is d" ?otos= ti"$"$ #($as "l"!t(+$i!as #" ,a %a$ sido #tili-adas "$al#$os )(o!"sos "l"!to(al"s. E$ "st" !aso !a'" d"sta!a( #" los d"sa((ollos so$)(o)ios , los "#i)os so$ totalm"$t" a#dita'l"s. Sstas si$ d#da so$ dos &"$ta/as#$dam"$tal"s #" ti"$"$ )o!os )a=s"s. T$i!am"$t" si s" lo(a(a la !ola'o(a!i+$

"$t(" los di&"(sos Estados , las #$i&"(sidad"s s" )od(=a m"/o(a( "l dis"o ,mi$imi-a( !ostos.

%" V&'& ()(*'+,-.*& (- () (+/

La &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a "$ "l ?"(ú s" i$i!i+ "$ "l ao 1996 "$ dos l#a("s "l)(im"(o "$ "l dist(ito d" H#a$!a&"li!a )(o&i$!ia d" H#a$!a&"li!a d")a(tam"$to d"H#a$!a&"li!a , "l s"#$do "$ "l dist(ito d" a$tiao d" <#$a )(o&i$!ia d"H#a(o!%i(= D")a(tam"$to d" Lima. El d=a 10 d" $o&i"m'(" #" )(o'ado !o$ la)o'la!i+$ d" am'os dist(itos !#,o "l"!to(ado $o t#&o ma,o( )(o'l"ma !o$ "l #sod" las m#i$as si$o ms 'i"$ "l )(o'l"ma #" %#'o #" "l d" #$!io$ami"$tomismo d" las m#i$as las !#al"s $o t#&i"(o$ las )(#"'as $"!"sa(ias ?a(a "st")iloto #"(o$ ad#i(idas 70 m#i$as "l"!t(+$i!as d" &ota!i+$ d" @J )"(o )o(("t(aso )("s#)#"stal $o s" !o$t+ !o$ "llas a ti"m)o. E$ "l dist(ito d" H#a$!a&"li!as" i$stala(o$ 57 m#i$as dist(i'#idas "$ dos lo!al"s !o$ 22 , 35 m"sas. E$ "ldist(ito d" a$tiao d" <#$a s" #tili-a(o$ dos m#i$as d" &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!asimila("s a las #" s" #sa(o$ "l a &ota!i+$ d" las "l"!!io$"s m#$i!i)al"s "$ @(asild" "s" ao las !#al"s "(a$ )(o&"=das )o( UN;.

E$ "l ao 2002 )a(a las El"!!io$"s R"io$al"s , J#$i!i)al"s ("ali-adas "l 17 d"$o&i"m'(" s" im)la$t+ #$ )(o,"!to d" d"most(a!i+$ d" &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a#tili-a$do "sta!io$"s to#!% s!(""$ #" most(a'a$ la !d#la d" s#(aioa!om)aados d" #$ s"(&ido( admi$ist(ado( #" #tili-a'a "l )("sid"$t" d" m"sa)a(a !om)(o'a( la id"$tidad d"l "l"!to( , asi$a(l" #$a d" las !a'i$as d" &ota!i+$ a

los "l"!to("s. Est" )(o,"!to #" im)l"m"$tado "$ los am'i"$t"s d"l Io!", ?la-a%o))i$ C"$t"( d#(a$t" 15 d=as , la a!")ta!i+$ d"l )ú'li!o ("'as+ las ")"!tati&as"s)"(adas )#"sto #" solo s" "s)"(a'a$ G00 &isitas dia(ias , s" al!a$-+ #$)(om"dio d" 1500 &isitas )o( d=as. D" los ("s#ltados s" )#do o't"$"( #" "lsist"ma #" d" !il !om)("$si+$ , #" "l ti"m)o #tili-ado )a(a ("ali-a( la &ota!i+$"(a 'asta$t" !o(to. ?o( ot(o lado "l im)l"m"$ta( 3 !a'i$as d" &ota!i+$ %a!=a #" la&ota!i+$ s"a *#ida d"'ido a #" $o s" o(ma'a$ !olas )a(a "l s#(aio.

D#(a$t" las El"!!io$"s J#$i!i)al"s Com)l"m"$ta(ias 2003 s" ("ali-+ #$ "$sa,o d"&ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!o "$ "l dist(ito d" ama$!o )(o&i$!ia d" a$ta d")a(tam"$tod" A$!as%.

El 13 d" a'(il d"l 2005 la O:!i$a Na!io$al d" ?(o!"sos El"!to(al"s >ON?E a:(m+#" s" a)li!a(=a "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )a(a las "l"!!io$"s "$"(al"s d"l 2006 )a(a laEl"!!i+$ d" ?("sid"$t" Vi!")("sid"$t"s , Co$("sistas d" la R")ú'li!a ,R")("s"$ta$t"s ?"(#a$o a$t" "l ?a(lam"$to A$di$o )"(o solo "$ la ?(o&i$!iaCo$stit#!io$al d"l Callao. La ON?E i$i!io la )latao(ma t"!$ol+i!a )a(aim)l"m"$ta( )(o("si&am"$t" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o , #tili-a( #$ sist"ma altam"$t"!o$:a'l" ()ido , s"#(o )a(a #" "l !i#dada$o "mita s# &oto. i$ "m'a(o "l /#"&"s 26 d" "$"(o d"l 2006 la ON?E d"s!a(t+ la #tili-a!i+$ d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "$las "l"!!io$"s "$"(al"s d"l 2006 d"'ido a #" $i$#$a "m)("sa )("s"$to #$)(o(ama !o$ las !a(a!t"(=sti!as t!$i!as "iidas. Esta sit#a!i+$ a"!ta los )la-os

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2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

s"alados "$ "l !(o$o(ama "l"!to(al )a(a ("ali-a( las a!ti&idad"s d" a#dito(ia!a)a!ita!i+$ d"s)li"#" , )(#"'as "$t(" ot(as.

Las ")"(i"$!ias s#dam"(i!a$as %a$ most(ado #" "st" sist"ma )os"" o(tal"-as ,di:!#ltad"s.

" L1 3&+'1)(41

Los a(#m"$tos a a&o( d" "sta $#"&a modalidad d" &oto so$ la ("d#!!i+$ d"l$úm"(o d" mi"m'(os d" m"sa la ma,o( a!ilidad , )("!isi+$ "$ "l !o$t"o laailidad d"l )(o!"so "l a#m"$to d"l $úm"(o d" &ota$t"s )o( m"sa la (a)id"- "$ lao't"$!i+$ d" los ("s#ltados la "limi$a!i+$ d" los &otos $#los.

J"dia$t" la i$t(od#!!i+$ d"l "s!(#ti$io )o( m"dio d" #$a m#i$a #" !#"$ta los&otos o d" l"!t#(a +)ti!a s" "limi$a la s#'/"ti&idad im)l=!ita "$ la "&al#a!i+$ d" la&alid"- d" &oto , )#"d"$ as"#(a( #$ "s!(#ti$io im)a(!ial. Estas m#i$as "limi$a$m#!%os d" los "((o("s %#ma$os as= !omo las o)o(t#$idad"s )a(a ma$i)#la( "l)(o!"so , la !o$solida!i+$ d" ("s#ltados

E$ !#al#i"( mom"$to "l !i#dada$o )#"d" &"(i:!a( s# "l"!!i+$. E$ $i$ú$mom"$to as= "ista #$a im)#$a!i+$ l"al la a#to(idad "l"!to(al )#"d" !o$o!"( la"l"!!i+$ d"l !i#dada$o #" %a "$&iado s# &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. La o't"$!i+$ ,)#'li!a!i+$ d" los ("s#ltados o:!ial"s a )o!as %o(as d" !"((ado "l )(o!"so "l"!to(al." a%o((a i$"$t"s !a$tidad"s d" di$"(o ,a #" $o "s $"!"sa(io im)(imi( )o( )a(t"d" la A#to(idad El"!to(al las )a)"l"tas d" "l"!!i+$ , los !"(ti:!ados ("s)"!ti&os s"d"s)li"a m"$o( lo=sti!a )o( )a(t" d" los mi"m'(os d" la K#"(-a ?ú'li!a.

El "l"!to( a%o((a a#$#" )a("-!a i((iso(io "l !osto d" mo&ili-a!i+$ si "st" s""$!#"$t(a "m)ad(o$ado #"(a d" s# ("!i$to d" ("sid"$!ia. El "l"!to( "$ "l "t"(io()od( s#(aa( si$ "l t"mo( d" #" las a#to(idad"s mi(ato(ias d" los ("s)"!ti&os

)a=s"s d" ("sid"$!ia "st$ al a!"!%o d" los il"al"s , "st" %"!%o $o s"!o$stit#,a "$ dis!(imi$ato(io , at"$t" a lo #" "sti)#la las l","s "l"!to(al"s , "$ "lm"/o( d" los !asos "l mi(a$t" l"al #" ("sid" "$ "l "t"(io( $o t"$d(=a #"as#mi( "l !osto d" mo&ili-a!i+$ d"sd" "l l#a( d" ("sid"$!ia %asta "l !o$s#lado d"l)a=s ("s)"!ti&o.

Como &"(dad"(o sist"ma #" ("!o" d" ma$"(a i$m"diata , a 'a/o !osto lad"!isi+$ d" #$ )#"'lo los o'i"($os )od(=a ("ali-a( las !o$s#ltas )o)#la("s$"!"sa(ias "$ #$ mod"lo d" d"mo!(a!ia )a(ti!i)ati&a "$ !#al#i"( mom"$to ,l#a(.

El &oto "l"!t(+$i!o ad"ms si$i:!a la mod"($i-a!i+$ d"l Estado $o solo )o(#"ado)ta $#"&as t"!$olo=as si$o )o(#" %a!" d" "stos i$st(#m"$tos d" ":!i"$!ia ,":!a!ia al s"(&i!io )ú'li!o. Es )o( "so $"!"sa(io #" "l sist"ma #" s" ado)t" d"'"as"#(a( los ma,o("s '"$":!ios )a(a "l !i#dada$o , "$ "$"(al )a(a la so!i"dad.

5" L1 6.3.*7)'16(

Las di:!#ltad"s #" )od"mos "$!o$t(a( "$ la ado)!i+$ d" "st" sist"ma d" &oto "s#" ("#i"(" #$ $i&"l d" !#lt#(a , "s!ola(idad ,a #" si "$ m#!%os !asos "s di=!il"$t"$d"( &ota( "$ "l sist"ma ma$#al los )(o'l"mas #" s#("$ al t"$ta( #$a&ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a "s d"s'o(da$t" s# #so %a s"$tado las 'as"s )a(a a!ost#m'(a(

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2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

a $#"st(a so!i"dad al "m)l"o d" a(t"a!tos i$o(mti!os )a(a asimila( "l "m)l"o d"m#i$as d" &ota!i+$.

Ot(a di:!#ltad "s "l t"mo( a la ado)!i+$ d" #$a $#"&a t"!$olo=a )o(#" )od(=asi$i:!a( la )(dida d" "m)l"os. ?o( s#)#"sto "sto "s !i"(to "$ al#$as o!asio$"s ,"s #$ )(o'l"ma #" d"'" s"( ("!o$o!ido , at"$dido )o( la a#to(idad "l"!to(alm"dia$t" $"o!ia!io$"s !o$ "l )"(so$al #" ("s#lt" a"!tado. <am'i$ )#"d" %a'"(o)osi!i+$ )ol=ti!a a la i$$o&a!i+$ al !am'io )o( s# $at#(al"-a las "l"!!io$"s so$)ol=ti!am"$t" s"$si'l"s )o( lo #" "s )osi'l" #" la im)la$ta!i+$ d" $#"&ast"!$olo=as t"$a #$ im)a!to )ol=ti!o. ?o( "/"m)lo la i$t(od#!!i+$ d"l &oto"l"!t(+$i!o )#"d" !am'ia( "l )"(:l d"mo!(ti!o d" #$a )o'la!i+$ &ota$t" al)"(miti( #$ ma,o( a!!"so )a(a &ota(. A#"llos am'i"$t"s )ol=ti!os mad#(os !o$(a$ "sta'ilidad "$ s#s )(o!"sos "l"!to(al"s )#"d"$ s"( ms ("$#"$t"s al !am'ioso'(" la 'as" d" #$a satisa!!i+$ !o$ "l sist"ma #" )os""$ o )o(#" $o!o$sid"(a$ $"!"sa(io &a(ia( $i$#$a a!ti&idad. E$ "st" !aso la $"!"sidad d"!am'ia( d"'"( s"( )("s"$tada d" ma$"(a )"(s#asi&a , los i$&ol#!(ados d"'"($"sta( !o$&"$!idos d" los '"$":!ios #" s#(i($ d" la ado)!i+$ d" #$a $#"&a

t"!$olo=a.

Ad"ms si"m)(" %a, #$a )("o!#)a!i+$ ("!#"$t" !omo s" )#"d" a(a$ti-a( #"#$a &"- %"!%a la "l"!!i+$ $adi" )#"da !o$o!"( "!")to "l "l"!to( "l s"$tido d"l&oto ot(a )("o!#)a!i+$ "s #i"$ , !omo s" )#"d" a(a$ti-a( #" $i$#$a )"(so$a$o a#to(i-ada s"a$ Ha!"(s mali!iosos o admi$ist(ado("s "l"!to(al"s !o((#)tos)#"da modi:!a( "l !o$t"$ido d"l &oto #$a t"(!"(a )("o!#)a!i+$ "s #" "$ )l"$o)(o!"so "l"!to(al s" )(od#-!a #$ !o(to d"l *#ido "l!t(i!o o #" "l sot8a(" d"&ota!i+$ s" i$"!t" !o$ #$ &i(#s i$o(mti!o #$a !#a(ta )("o!#)a!i+$ "s !omo!om)(o'a( si los &otos s" %a$ s#mado ("alm"$t" al total.

Ad"ms "ist" "s!")ti!ismo d" '#"$a )a(t" d" la !i#dada$=a d" al#$os )a=s"sa!"(!a d"l &oto s"!("to , d"l (io( "$ s# "s!(#ti$io !("!"(=a $oto(iam"$t" si s"im)#si"s" #$a t"!$olo=a #" $o )#"da as"#(a( la lim)i"-a d" los ("s#ltados. E$!am'io s" ("!omi"$da "l #so d" m"!a$ismos "l"!t(+$i!os si"m)(" #" s" !#m)la!o$ !i"(tos ("#isitos )a(a lo(a( #" "$ ""!to s" a(a$ti!" la ")("si+$ d"l!i#dada$o , la )(i&a!idad , s"#(idad s"a$ ad"!#adas.

El sist"ma d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o tam'i$ %a t"$ido di:!#ltad"s d" =$dol" l"al "$#dam(i!a #" "$ ma,o(=a d" los ma(!os l"al"s "l"!to(al"s %a!"$ solo (""("$!iaa la &ota!i+$ ma$#al )o( lo ta$to s" ("#i"(" d" #$a ("o(ma "l"!to(al #" )la$t""la i$t(od#!!i+$ d" $#"&as d":$i!io$"s la (""di:!a!i+$ d" los !o$!")tost(adi!io$al"s , la $"!"sidad d" "d#!a!i+$ d" los !i#dada$os "$ "l !aso d" "!#ado(

la l"isla!i+$ %a!" (""("$!ia al #so ")("so d" )a)"l"tas )"(o $o "s "!l#,"$t" "$!#a$to al "m)l"o d" ot(os )(o!"dimi"$tos d" &ota!i+$ "s!(#ti$io o !#al#i"(m"!a$ismo a#tomati-ado. La l"isla!i+$ )a(a#a,a "s tam'i$ m#,("lam"$ta(ista !o$ ("s)"!to a la "misi+$ d" &otos )"(o $o )(o%='" ")("sam"$t""l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o lo !#al )"(miti+ #" "st" s" a)li!a(a. E$ "l !aso )"(#a$o tam'i$la l", "s m#, ("lam"$ta(ista "s)"!i:!a las o(mas , tamaos d"l mat"(ial"l"!to(al ("las #" t"$d(=a$ #" d"sa)a("!"( !o$ #$a )(o)#"sta "l"!t(+$i!ad"sa)a("!"(=a$.

U$o d" los a(#m"$tos "$ !o$t(a #" ti"$" m#!%a #"(-a "s #" la im)la$ta!i+$masi&a d" s"(&i!ios t"l"mti!os !("a lo #" d"$omi$amos Est(ati:!a!i+$ Diital.

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2

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Est" "$+m"$o ti"$" #" &"( !o$ los dis!#(sos , )(!ti!as aso!iadas !o$ lasd"si#aldad"s , di"("$!ias "$ "l a!!"so a !om)#tado("s i$(a"st(#!t#(a d""$t(ada a la ("d , ad#isi!i+$ d" !o$o!imi"$tos #" s" da$ "$t(" las disti$tas!las"s so!ial"s d")"$di"$do tam'i$ d" sit#a!io$"s !omo "t$ia $"(o $i&"l"d#!ati&o "t!.

E$ i$ls a "st" "$+m"$o s" l" d"$omi$a Diital Di&id". A$t" "sto "$+m"$o s"ti"$" #" t"$"( "$ !#"$ta #" los )(o!"sos d" &ota!i+$ , d" )a(ti!i)a!i+$ "$ la"sti+$ )ol=ti!a d" m'itos , ("!#(sos s" d"'"$ a)o,a( "$ mod"los d" D"mo!(a!iaEl"!t(+$i!a #" !o$ll"&"$ a "sta'l"!"( s"(&i!ios a los #" todos t"$a$ )l"$oa!!"so , !o$ las mismas o)o(t#$idad"s.

Ot(o d" los a(#m"$tos "$ !o$t(a "s #" al i$!o()o(a( "stas $#"&as t"!$olo=as)a(a )(o)+sitos "l"!to(al"s )#"d"$ i$!("m"$ta( los !ostos )o( "so "s $"!"sa(io("ali-a( #$a "&al#a!i+$ "$ t(mi$os !ostosB""!ti&idad , d" los )ot"$!ial"s'"$":!ios d" la $#"&a t"!$olo=a a$t"s d" !om)(om"t"(s" !o$ s# i$t(od#!!i+$. La"ta)a )#"d" )a("!"( !ostosa )"(o "sta solo s"( "$ s# im)l"m"$ta!i+$ )"(o "sta

a%o((a(a di$"(o a m"dia$o )la-o "s)"!ialm"$t" !#a$do s" "$!#"$t(a #$a sol#!i+$t"!$ol+i!a d" 'a/o !osto. Al %a!"( la ad#isi!i+$ d" "#i)os , )(o(amas $o solod"'" t"$"( "$ !#"$ta los !ostos i$=!ial"s si$o tam'i$ los !ostos )"(ma$"$t"s d"admi$ist(a!i+$ , ma$t"$imi"$to.

<am'i$ "ist" la d"s!o$:a$-a %a!ia "l sot8a(" "st" d"'"( s"( most(ado ,"$t("ado a los )a(tidos )a(a s# ("&isi+$ , a)(o'a!i+$. D" i#al o(ma )#"d" s"(a#ditado )o( "stos )o( !o$s#lto(as i$d")"$di"$t"s , )o( las "$tidad"s:s!ali-ado(as , s#)"(&iso(as. Asimismo s# )#"sta a !"(o )#"d" s"( :s!ali-ada)o( los )"(so$"(os t!$i!os d" los )a(tidos )ol=ti!os.

8" T.9& 6( :&'& ()(*'+,-.*&

Eist"$ dos ti)os d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o

8" V&'& ()(*'+,-.*& +(<& '&H

Emisi+$ d" &otos a t(a&s d" !#al#i"( dis)ositi&o >o(d"$ado( t"lo$o m+&il ?DA"t!. !o$ !o$"i+$ a $t"($"t.

8"2 V&'& ()(*'+,-.*& 9+((-*.1) H

Emisi+$ d" &otos d"sd" t"(mi$al"s d" "l"!t(+$i!os d" &ota!i+$ >DREs sit#ados "$los !ol"ios "l"!to(al"s.

;" S.'(<1 6( :&'1*.,- ()(*'+,-.*1

;"

S.'(<1 6( :&'& ()(*'+,-.*& 116& (- 919()

#"l" d"si$(s"los !omo m#i$a d" &ota(. o$ sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ 'asados"$ )a)"l o(ii$ados !omo mtodos "$ los #" los &otos so$ "mitidos , s" !#"$ta$m"dia$t" !o$t"o ma$#al.

Co$ "l ad&"$imi"$to d" sist"mas d" !o$t"o d" &otos m"dia$t" "s!a$"o +)ti!o ,"l"!t(om"!$i!o o ta'#la!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a a)a("!i"(o$ sist"mas "$ los !#al"s s")od=a$ ma(!a( a ma$o ta(/"tas o lmi$as d" )a)"l #" si$ "m'a(o "(a$ !o$tadas"l"!t(+$i!am"$t". Estos sist"mas i$!l#=a$ &ota!i+$ m"dia$t" m#i$a d" &ota( o

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m"dia$t" ta(/"tas )"(o(adas sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ d" "s!a$"o +)ti!o sist"mas d"ma(!a!i+$ , "s!a$"o +)ti!o , ms ta(d" sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ d" l)i- diital.

J#!%o ms ("!i"$t"m"$t" "stos sist"mas )#"d"$ i$!l#i( #$ Ja(!ado( El"!t(+$i!od" @ol"tas >E@J )o( s#s silas "$ i$ls #" )"(mit" a los &ota$t"s %a!"( s#ss"l"!!io$"s #sa$do #$a m#i$a d" &ota( !o$ dis)ositi&o )a(a i$("sa( s"l"!!i+$$o(malm"$t" #$ sist"ma d" )a$talla )a(a diita!i+$ simila( a #$ DRE. Los sist"mas#" i$!l#,"$ #$ dis)ositi&o )a(a ma(!a( #$a 'ol"ta )#"d"$ i$!o()o(a( di"("$t"so(mas d" t"!$olo=a d" asist"$!ia.

;"2 S.'(<1 6( :&'& ()(*'+,-.*& 6( +(=.'+& 6.+(*'& JDREK

J#i$a d" &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a d" ?("mi"( El"!tio$ ol#tio$s #tili-ada "$ las&ota!io$"s d" @(asil.

Las m#i$as d" &ota( "l"!t(+$i!as d" ("ist(o di("!to >DRE (a'a$ los &otos )o(

m"dio d" #$a 'ol"ta d" &ota!i+$ "$ o(ma d" )a$talla )(o&ista d" !om)o$"$t"sm"!$i!os o "l!t(i!oB+)ti!os #" )#"d"$ s"( a!ti&ados )o( "l &ota$t" >t=)i!am"$t"'oto$"s o )a$talla d" diita!i+$ )(o!"sa$ los datos m"dia$t" )(o(amas d"!om)#ta!i+$ , ("ist(a$ los datos d" la &ota!i+$ , las im"$"s d" las 'ol"tas "$m"mo(ias d" !om)#ta!i+$ o !om)o$"$t"s d" m"mo(ia. L#"o d" la "l"!!i+$)(od#!"$ #$a ta'#la!i+$ d" los datos d" la &ota!i+$ alma!"$ados "$ #$!om)o$"$t" ("mo&i'l" , #$a !o)ia im)("sa. El sist"ma tam'i$ )#"d" )(o&""( #$m"dio )a(a t(a$smiti( los &otos o 'ol"tas i$di&id#al"s o los total"s d" &otos a #$alo!a!i+$ !"$t(al )a(a !o$solida( " i$o(ma( los ("s#ltados d"sd" las o:!i$as d" lalo!a!i+$ !"$t(al. Estos sist"mas #sa$ #$ mtodo d" !+m)#to #" !#"$ta las 'ol"tas"$ "l l#a( d" la &ota!i+$. <=)i!am"$t" las 'ol"tas s" !#"$ta$ a m"dida #" s" &a$

"miti"$do , los ("s#ltados s" im)(im"$ l#"o d"l !i"((" d" la &ota!i+$.E$ 2002 "$ los Estados U$idos la L", d" A,#d" a Am(i!a a Vota( "sta'l"!i+ #"los l#a("s d" &ota!i+$ d"'=a$ )(o&""( #$ sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ a!!"si'l" a las)"(so$as !o$ dis!a)a!idad lo #" "$ la ma,o(=a d" la /#(isdi!!io$"s s" %a!#m)lim"$tado !o$ "l #so d" m#i$as d" &ota( "l"!t(+$i!as DRE , al#$as d""llas %a$ ado)tado "st" sist"ma )a(a todos. E$ 2004 "l 2G.9 d" los &ota$t"s("ist(ados "$ los Estados U$idos #sa(o$ alú$ ti)o d" sist"ma d" &ota!i+$"l"!t(+$i!a d" ("ist(o di("!to 7.7 ms #" "$ 1996.

ist"ma d" &ota!i+$ DRE d" ("d )ú'li!a

Los sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ DRE d" ("d )ú'li!a #sa$ 'ol"tas "l"!t(+$i!as , t(a$smit"$los datos d" la &ota!i+$ d"sd" "l l#a( d" la &ota!i+$ a ot(o l#a( a t(a&s d" #$a("d )ú'li!a. Los datos d" la &ota!i+$ )#"d"$ s"( t(a$smitidos !omo 'ol"tasi$di&id#al"s tal !omo %a$ sido "mitidos )"(i+di!am"$t" !omo )a#"t"s d" datos alo la(o d"l d=a d" la "l"!!i+$ o !omo #$ )a#"t" al :$al d" la "l"!!i+$. Estoi$!l#," ta$to "l &oto )o( la $t"($"t !omo )o( &=a t"l"+$i!a.

Los sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ DRE d" ("d )ú'li!a )#"d"$ #tili-a( ta$to "l !o$t"o "$ "ll#a( d" "misi+$ d"l &oto !omo "$ la o:!i$a !"$t(al. El mtodo d" !o$t"o "$ lao:!i$a !"$t(al ta'#la "$ #$a lo!a!i+$ !"$t(al los &otos "mitidos "$ múlti)l"s l#a("sd" &ota!i+$.

DERECHOUANCV



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

El modo d" &oto )o( la $t"($"t )#"d" #sa( lo!a!io$"s ("motas >&oto d"sd"!#al#i"( !om)#tado(a %a'ilitada o )#"d" #sa( lo!a!io$"s d" &ota!i+$t(adi!io$al"s !o$ !asillas d" &ota!i+$ !o$sist"$t"s "$ sist"mas d" &ota!i+$!o$"!tados a la $t"($"t.

Las !o()o(a!io$"s , o(a$i-a!io$"s #sa$ d" modo (#ti$a(io la &ota!i+$ )o( la$t"($"t )a(a "l"i( "/"!#ti&os , mi"m'(os d" di("!to(ios , )a(a ot(os ti)os d""l"!!io$"s )o( ma$dato. Los sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ )o( la $t"($"t %a$ sido #sados)(i&adam"$t" "$ m#!%as $a!io$"s mod"($as , )ú'li!am"$t" "$ los Estados U$idos"l R"i$o U$ido >U (la$da #i-a , Esto$ia. E$ #i-a do$d" ,a "s #$a )a(t""sta'l"!ida d" los (""($d#ms lo!al"s los &ota$t"s so$ )(o&istos d" !o$t(as"as)a(a a!!"d"( a la 'ol"ta a t(a&s d"l s"(&i!io )ostal. La ma,o(=a d" los &ota$t"s "$Esto$ia )#"d"$ "miti( s#s &otos "$ "l"!!io$"s lo!al"s , )a(lam"$ta(ias si d"s"a$%a!"(lo a t(a&s d" la $t"($"t )o( !#a$to la ma,o(=a d" los i$s!(i)tos "$ los)ad(o$"s ti"$"$ a!!"so a #$ sist"ma d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o st" "s "l d"sa((ollo msad"la$tado "$ )a=s"s d" la U$i+$ E#(o)"a. " %i-o )osi'l" )o(#" la ma,o(=a d" los"sto$ios ti"$"$ #$a ta(/"ta d" id"$tidad $a!io$al "#i)ada !o$ #$ mi!(o!%i) l"i'l"

)o( #$a !om)#tado(a , #sa$ "stas ta(/"tas )a(a a!!"d"( a la "l"!!i+$ "$ l=$"a. Los&ota$t"s s+lo $"!"sita$ #$a !om)#tado(a #$ l"!to( "l"!t(+$i!o d" ta(/"tas s#ta(/"ta d" id"$tidad , s# ?N , )#"d"$ &ota( d"sd" !#al#i"( l#a( "$ "l m#$do.Los &otos "l"!t(+$i!os "sto$ios s+lo )#"d"$ "miti(s" d#(a$t" los d=as d" &ota!i+$a$ti!i)ados. El d=a mismo d" la "l"!!i+$ la "$t" d"'" di(ii(s" a los )#"stos d"&ota!i+$ , ll"$a( #$a 'ol"ta d" )a)"l.

0" S(=7+.616 6() :&'& ()(*'+,-.*&

El &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )#"d" s"( ta$ s"#(o o i$!l#so ms s"#(o #" "l &otot(adi!io$al "$ )a)"l si"m)(" , !#a$do s" im)la$t"$ las m"didas d" s"#(idadad"!#adas. Las m"didas d" s"#(idad !o$&"$!io$al"s tal"s !omo :("8alls o

!om#$i!a!i+$ L so$ $"!"sa(ias )"(o $o s#:!i"$t"s )a(a a(a$ti-a( los ("#isitosd" s"#(idad "s)"!=:!os d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. Ad"ms d" "stas m"didas d"s"#(idad !o$&"$!io$al"s "s $"!"sa(io im)l"m"$ta( tam'i$ #$a !a)a s"#(idad"s)"!iali-ada )a(a %a!"( ("$t" a los (i"sos "s)"!=:!os )la$t"ados )o( "l &oto"l"!t(+$i!o , a(a$ti-a( as= "l !#m)limi"$to d" los ("#isitos im)("s!i$di'l"s "$!#al#i"( "l"!!i+$ tal"s !omo la )(i&a!idad d"l &ota$t" la i$t"(idad d"l &oto , la)osi'ilidad d" &"(i:!a!i+$ d"l !o(("!to t(atami"$to d"l &oto )o( )a(t" d" los&ota$t"s.

0" B&)('1 ()(*'+,-.*1

Los sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a )#"d"$ #sa( 'ol"tas "l"!t(+$i!as )a(a

alma!"$a( &otos "$ m"mo(ias d" !om)#ta!i+$. Los sist"mas #" las #sa$ !o$"!l#si&idad so$ llamados sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ DRE. C#a$do s" #sa$ 'ol"tas"l"!t(+$i!as $o s" !o((" "l (i"so d" #" s" aot" "l s#mi$ist(o d" 'ol"tas.Adi!io$alm"$t" "stas 'ol"tas "l"!t(+$i!as %a!"$ i$$"!"sa(io im)(imi( 'ol"tas d")a)"l #" ti"$" #$ !osto si$i:!ati&o. C#a$do s" admi$ist(a$ "l"!!io$"s "$ las!#al"s las 'ol"tas s" o("!"$ "$ múlti)l"s idiomas >"$ al#$as ("as d" los EstadosU$idos las "l"!!io$"s )ú'li!as d"'"$ !o$t"m)la( "sto s"ú$ la L", d" D"("!%osEl"!to(al"s Na!io$al d" 1965 las 'ol"tas "l"!t(+$i!as s" )#"d"$ )(o(ama( )a(a)(o&""( 'ol"tas "$ múlti)l"s idiomas )a(a #$a sola m#i$a. La &"$ta/a !o$("la!i+$ a 'ol"tas "$ l"$#a/"s di"("$t"s l#!" !omo ú$i!a d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. ?o("/"m)lo la sit#a!i+$ d"mo(:!a d"l !o$dado d" i$ as%i$to$ l"s ("#i"("

DERECHOUANCV



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

'a/o la l", d" "l"!!io$"s "d"(al"s d" los Estados U$idos )(o&""( a!!"so a 'ol"tas"$ idioma !%i$o. Co$ !#al#i"( ti)o d" 'ol"ta d" )a)"l "l !o$dado ti"$" #" d"!idi(!#$tas 'ol"tas im)(imi( "$ idioma !%i$o !#$tas t"$"( dis)o$i'l"s )a(a !adal#a( d" &ota!i+$ "t!.

C#al#i"( "st(at"ia #" )#"da as"#(a( #" las 'ol"tas "$ idioma !%i$o "sta($dis)o$i'l"s "$ todos los l#a("s d" &ota!i+$ ("s#lta( )o( lo m"$os "$ #$ $úm"(osi$i:!ati&o d" 'ol"tas d"s)"(di!iadas. >La sit#a!i+$ ("s)"!to a m#i$as a )ala$!as"(=a aú$ )"o( #" !o$ "l )a)"l la ú$i!a ma$"(a a)a("$t"m"$t" )osi'l" )a(a!#m)li( !o$ "l ("#isito s"(=a !olo!a( #$a m#i$a d" )ala$!as "$ l"$#a !%i$a "$!ada l#a( d" &ota!i+$ )o!as d" las !#al"s s"(=a$ #sadas "$ a'sol#to.

Los !(=ti!os a(#m"$ta$ #" la $"!"sidad d" 'ol"tas adi!io$al"s "$ !#al#i"(idioma )#"d" s"( mitiada )(o&","$do #$ )(o!"dimi"$to )a(a im)(imi( 'ol"tas "$los l#a("s d" &ota!i+$. A(#m"$ta$ ad"ms #" "l !osto d" la &alida!i+$ d"lsot8a(" &alida!i+$ d" la !o$:a'ilidad d" los !om)ilado("s &alida!i+$ d" lasi$stala!io$"s &alida!i+$ d" la "$t("a d" datos , &alida!i+$ d" ot(os )asos

("la!io$ados !o$ la &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a "s !om)l"/o , !a(o )o( lo ta$to $o %a,a(a$t=a d" #" s"a m"$os !ostoso #" las 'ol"tas im)("sas. Las m#i$as d"&ota( "l"!t(+$i!as )#"d"$ %a!"(s" !om)l"tam"$t" a!!"si'l"s a )"(so$as !o$dis!a)a!idad"s.

Las m#i$as d" ta(/"tas )"(o(adas , las d" "s!a$"o +)ti!o $o so$ !om)l"tam"$t"a!!"si'l"s )a(a los !i"os o dis!a)a!itados &is#al"s , las m#i$as d" )ala$!as)#"d"$ s"( di:!#ltosas )a(a &ota$t"s !o$ mo&ilidad , o(tal"-a limitadas. Lasm#i$as "l"!t(+$i!as )#"d"$ #sa( a#(i!#la("s so('"do("s , so)lado("s )"dal"sma$i&"las , ot(os a(ti:!ios d" t"!$olo=a ada)tati&a )a(a )(o&""( la a!!"si'ilidad$"!"sa(ia.

Al#$as o(a$i-a!io$"s !omo la V"(i:"d Voti$ Ko#$datio$ %a$ !(iti!ado laa!!"si'ilidad d" las m#i$as d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o , )(o)o$"$ alt"($ati&as. Al#$os&ota$t"s dis!a)a!itados >i$!l#,"$do los dis!a)a!itados &is#al"s )od(=a$ #sa( #$a'ol"ta t!til sist"ma d" 'ol"tas #" #sa ma(!ado("s =si!os )a(a i$di!a( a d+$d" s"d"'"(=a %a!"( #$a ma(!a )a(a &ota( !o$ #$a 'ol"ta d" )a)"l s"!("ta. Estas 'ol"tas)#"d"$ "sta( dis"adas id$ti!am"$t" a a#llas #sadas )o( ot(os &ota$t"s. i$"m'a(o ot(os &ota$t"s dis!a)a!itados >i$!l#,"$do &ota$t"s !o$ dis!a)a!idad"sd" d"st("-a )od(=a$ $o s"( %'il"s )a(a #sa( "stas 'ol"tas.

0"2 V(+.3.*1*.,- *+.9'&=+3.*1

Los sist"mas d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )#"d"$ o("!"( sol#!io$"s #" )"(mit"$ a los

&ota$t"s &"(i:!a( si s#s &otos %a$ sido ("ist(ados , !o$tados !o$ !l!#losmat"mti!os. Estos sist"mas )#"d"$ ali&ia( )("o!#)a!io$"s ("s)"!to d" &otos("ist(ados i$!o(("!tam"$t". U$a o(ma d" mitia( "sas )("o!#)a!io$"s )od(=a s"()"(miti( a los &ota$t"s &"(i:!a( !+mo %a$ &otado !o$ alú$ ti)o d" ("!i'o"l"!t(+$i!o :(mado )o( la a#to(idad "l"!to(al m"dia$t" #$a :(ma diital. Esta!a(a!t"(=sti!a )od(=a )(o'a( "$ o(ma !o$!l#,"$t" la "a!tit#d d"l !o$t"o )"(o!#al#i"( sist"ma d" &"(i:!a!i+$ #" $o )#"da a(a$ti-a( la a$o$imidad d" la"l"!!i+$ d"l &ota$t" )#"d" )(od#!i( i$timida!i+$ "$ "l &ota$t" o )"(miti( la &"$tad"l &oto. Al#$as sol#!io$"s !(i)to(:!as s" di(i"$ a )"(miti( al &ota$t" &"(i:!a(s# &oto )"(so$alm"$t" )"(o $o a #$ t"(!"(o. U$a d" las ma$"(as s"(=a )(o&""( al&ota$t" d" #$ ("!i'o :(mado diitalm"$t" d" s# &oto as= !omo tam'i$ d" ("!i'os

DERECHOUANCV



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

d" ot(os &otos s"l"!!io$ados al a-a(. Esto )"(miti(=a #" s+lo "l &ota$t" id"$ti:#"s# &oto )"(o $o l" )"(miti(=a )(o'a( s# &oto a $adi" ms. Ad"ms !ada &oto )od(=a"sta( s"alado !o$ #$a id"$ti:!a!i+$ d" s"si+$ "$"(ada al a-a( lo #" )"(miti(=aal &ota$t" &"(i:!a( #" "l &oto #" ("ist(ado !o(("!tam"$t" "$ #$ !o$t(ol d"a#dito(=a )ú'li!o d" la 'ol"ta.

0"$ D&)& 6() :&'1-'(

Las m#i$as d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )#"d"$ )(o&""( ("alim"$ta!i+$ i$m"diata al&ota$t" #" d"t"!ta )(o'l"mas )osi'l"s tal"s !omo &ota( )o( d""!to o &ota( )o("!"so #" )#"d"$ ("s#lta( "$ la a$#la!i+$ d"l &oto. Esta ("alim"$ta!i+$ i$m"diata)#"d" s"( d" a,#da )a(a d"t"(mi$a( "itosam"$t" "l dolo d"l &ota$t".

0"!"# T+1-91+(-*.1

(#)os tal"s !omo "l O)"$ Ri%ts (o#) d"l R"i$o U$ido >U %a$ al"ado #" laalta d" "$sa,os )(o!"dimi"$tos d" a#dito(=a i$ad"!#ados " i$s#:!i"$t" at"$!i+$dados al sist"ma o dis"o d"l )(o!"so d" la &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a )(od#!""l"!!io$"s a'i"(tas al "((o( , al (a#d" "l"!to(al

0"%"#A76.'&+1 > *.-'1 6( 176.'&+1

U$ d"sa=o #$dam"$tal )a(a !#al#i"( m#i$a d" &ota!i+$ "s as"#(a( #" los&otos #"(o$ ("ist(ados !omo #"(o$ "mitidos , "s!(#tados !omo #"(o$("ist(ados. Las m#i$as d" &ota( los sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ !o$ 'ol"tas $odo!#m"$tal"s , los sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ d" 'ol"tas $o do!#m"$tal"s )#"d"$ t"$"(#$a !a(a d" )(#"'a aú$ ms )"sada. Esto s" sol#!io$a a m"$#do m"dia$t" #$sist"ma d" a#dito(=a i$d")"$di"$t" a &"!"s d"$omi$ado V"(i:!a!i+$ $d")"$di"$t"#" tam'i$ s" )#"d" #sa( )a(a ("!#"$tos o a#dito(=as. Estos sist"mas )#"d"$i$!l#i( la )osi'ilidad d" #" los &ota$t"s &"(i:#"$ !+mo %a$ sido "mitidos s#s&otos o ms ad"la$t" &"(i:!a( !+mo %a$ sido ("!o$tados.

$&"stiado("s d"l $stit#to Na!io$al d" Est$da("s , <"!$olo=a >N< )o( s#ssilas "$ i$ls %a$ a(#m"$tado a t(a&s d" #$ i$o(m" d" dis!#si+$ #" Di!%osim)l"m"$t" la im)ot"$!ia d" la a(#it"!t#(a DRE )a(a )(o&""( a#dito(=asi$d")"$di"$t"s d" s#s ("ist(os "l"!t(+$i!os la !o$&i"(t" "$ #$a )o'(" "l"!!i+$)a(a #$ "$to($o "$ "l #" d"t"!ta( "((o("s , (a#d"s "s im)o(ta$t". El i$o(m" $o(")("s"$ta la )osi!i+$ o:!ial d" N< , las malas i$t"()("ta!io$"s d"l i$o(m" %a$ll"&ado a N< a ")li!a( #" Al#$as a:(ma!io$"s d"l i$o(m" %a$ sido mali$t"()("tadas. El i$o(m" )("limi$a( i$!l#," a:(ma!io$"s d" #$!io$a(ios "l"!to(al"s&"$d"do("s d" sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ !i"$t=:!os d" i$o(mti!a , ot(os ")"(tos d"la dis!i)li$a a!"(!a d" lo #" "s )ot"$!ialm"$t" )osi'l" "$ t(mi$os d" ata#"s

!o$t(a los DREs. i$ "m'a(o "stas a:(ma!io$"s $o so$ !o$!l#sio$"s d"l i$o(m".

" )#"d"$ #sa( m#!%as t"!$olo=as )a(a as"#(a( a los &ota$t"s #" s# &oto #""mitido !o(("!tam"$t" d"t"!ta( "l (a#d" o "l mal #$!io$ami"$to )osi'l"s ,)(o&""( m"dios d" a#dita( la m#i$a o(ii$al. Al#$os sist"mas i$!l#,"$t"!$olo=as tal"s !omo la !(i)to(a=a >&is#al o mat"mti!a "l )a)"l >!o$s"(&ado)o( "l &ota$t" o s+lo &"(i:!ado &"(i:!a!i+$ a#diti&a , ("ist(os do'l"s o sist"mast"stimo$ial"s >disti$tos d"l )a)"l. La D(a. R"'"!!a J"(!#(i !("ado(a d"l !o$!")tod" Com)(o'a$t" d" A#dito(=a d" ?a)"l V"(i:!ado )o( "l Vota$t" >VV?A< )o( s# sila"$ i$ls >!omo s" d"s!(i'" "$ s# dis"(ta!i+$ d" <"sis Do!to(al "$ o!t#'(" d" 2000so'(" "l sist"ma d" 'ol"ta 'si!a &"(i:!a'l" )o( "l &ota$t" )(o)o$" ("s)o$d"( la

DERECHOUANCV



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

)("#$ta so'(" la a#dita'ilidad %a!i"$do #" la m#i$a d" &ota( im)(ima #$a'ol"ta d" )a)"l # ot(o a!s=mil d" )a)"l #" )#"da s"( &"(i:!ado &is#alm"$t" )o( "l&ota$t" a$t"s d" #" st" i$("s" a #$a lo!a!i+$ s"#(a. E$ !o$s"!#"$!ia a "sto a&"!"s s" l" llama "l Jtodo J"(!#(i. ?a(a s"( &"(dad"(am"$t" &"(i:!ado )o( "l&ota$t" "l ("ist(o mismo d"'" s"( &"(i:!ado )o( "l &ota$t" , "sta( "$ !o$di!io$"s

d" s"(lo si$ asist"$!ia ,a s"a "$ o(ma &is#al o so$o(a. i "l &ota$t" d"'" #sa( #$"s!$"( d" !+dio d" 'a((as # ot(o a)a(ato "l"!t(+$i!o )a(a &"(i:!a( "$to$!"s "l("ist(o $o "s &"(dad"(am"$t" &"(i:!a'l" )o( "l &ota$t" d"sd" #" "s "$ ("alidad"l a)a(ato "l"!t(+$i!o "l #" "st &"(i:!a$do "l ("ist(o )a(a "l &ota$t". El VV?A< "s"l Ko(m#la(io d" V"(i:!a!i+$ #sado ms !omú$m"$t" "$ las "l"!!io$"s "$ losEstados U$idos.

Los sist"mas d" &ota!i+$ a#dita'l"s d" )#$ta a !a'o )#"d"$ )(o&""( a los&ota$t"s !o$ #$ ("!i'o #" "llos s" )#"d"$ ll"&a( a s# !asa. Est" ("!i'o $o l"s)"(mit" )(o'a( a ot(o !+mo %a$ &otado )"(o s= l"s )"(mit" &"(i:!a( #" s# &oto"st i$!l#ido "$ "l ("ist(o #" todos los &otos #"(o$ "mitidos )o( &ota$t"s &lidos, #" los ("s#ltados so$ "s!(#tados !o(("!tam"$t". Los sist"mas d" )#$ta a !a'o

>E2E )o( s# sila "$ i$ls i$!l#,"$ ?#$!%s!a$ , <%(""'allot. Estos sist"mastoda&=a $o %a$ sido #sados "$ las "l"!!io$"s d" Estados U$idos.

Los sist"mas #" )"(mit"$ al &ota$t" )(o'a( !+mo %a$ &otado $#$!a s" #sa$ "$ las"l"!!io$"s )ú'li!as d" los Estados U$idos , %a$ sido d"!la(ados il"al"s )o( lama,o(=a d" las !o$stit#!io$"s "statal"s. Las )(i$!i)al"s )("o!#)a!io$"s !o$ "stasol#!i+$ so$ la i$timida!i+$ a los &ota$t"s , la &"$ta d"l &oto. " )#"d" #sa( #$sist"ma d" a#dito(=a "$ ("!#"$tos m"didos al a-a( )a(a d"t"!ta( )osi'l"s (a#d"s omal #$!io$ami"$to. Co$ "l mtodo VV?A< la 'ol"ta d" )a)"l "s t(atada a m"$#do!omo la 'ol"ta o:!ial d" ("ist(o. E$ "st" "s!"$a(io la 'ol"ta "s )(ima(ia , los("ist(os "l"!t(+$i!os s" #sa$ solam"$t" )a(a #$ ("!#"$to i$i!ial. E$ !#al#i"(

("!#"$to o dis)#ta s#'si#i"$t"s "l )a)"l $o "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o s" #sa(=a )a(a "l"s!(#ti$io. E$ !#al#i"( !aso "$ #" "l ("ist(o "$ )a)"l si(&" !omo 'ol"ta l"al"s" sist"ma "sta( s#/"to a los mismos '"$":!ios , )("o!#)a!io$"s !omo !#al#i"(sist"ma d" 'ol"ta d" )a)"l. ?a(a a#dita( "itosam"$t" !#al#i"( m#i$a d" &ota(s" ("#i"(" #$a "st(i!ta !ad"$a d" !#stodia.

0""# E7.91<.(-'&

U$ "#i)ami"$to i$ad"!#adam"$t" as"#(ado )#"d" "sta( s#/"to al (a#d""l"!to(al a la ad#lt"(a!i+$ =si!a d" las m#i$as d" &ota( ,Wo a la ad#lt"(a!i+$=si!a. Al#$os !(=ti!os tal"s !omo "l (#)o i/ &"(t(o#8"$ st"m!om)#t"(s $i"t>No !o$:amos "$ las m#i$as d" &ota( a!#sa$ #" )o( "/"m)lo s" )od(=a

i$s"(ta( "#i)o "t(ao "$ la m#i$a o "$t(" "l #s#a(io , "l m"!a$ismo !"$t(al d"la m#i$a misma #sa$do #$a t!$i!a d" ata#" d" %om'(" "$ "l m"dio , d" talmodo $i aú$ "l s"llado d" las m#i$as DRE )#"d" s"( s#:!i"$t" )(ot"!!i+$. Esta)ost#(a "s dis)#tada )o( la )osi!i+$ d" #" los )(o!"dimi"$tos d" ("&isi+$ ,!om)(o'a!i+$ )#"d"$ d"t"!ta( !+dio o "#i)o (a#d#l"$tos si tal"s !osas "st$)("s"$t"s , #" #$a !ad"$a d" !#stodia &"(i:!a'l" )od(=a )("&"$i( la i$s"(!i+$ d"tal "#i)o o sot8a(".

0"5"# S&3'1+(

E)"(tos d" s"#(idad tal"s !omo @(#!" !%$"i"( %a$ ("!lamado #" "l !+dio#"$t" d" las m#i$as d"'"(=a "sta( )ú'li!am"$t" dis)o$i'l" )a(a i$s)"!!i+$.

DERECHOUANCV



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

Ot(os tam'i$ %a$ s#"(ido #" s" )#'li#" "l sot8a(" d" las m#i$as d" &ota('a/o #$a li!"$!ia d" sot8a(" li'(" !omo s" %a!" "$ A#st(alia.

" A+=7<(-'1*.,- > 7<1+.&

i$ d#da al#$a "l d"("!%o s" t(aso(ma d=a a d=a "s )o( "so #" todas las (a$d"s

so!i"dad"s mida$ s# $i&"l d" !i&ilidad "$ "l d"("!%o "s tam'i$ #$ %"!%o #" "lm#$do "st !am'ia$do , "sto s" d"'" a dos "$t"s la t"!$olo=a , la lo'ali-a!i+$"stas dos $#"&as sit#a!io$"s d"l s"( %#ma$o "st$ ll"&a$do al m#$do #" %o,!o$o!"mos a #$ "s!"$a(io totalm"$t" disti$to "s )o( "llo #" los "st#diosos d"ld"("!%o d"'"$ !#"stio$a(s" si d"'"mos s"#i( !o$ las mismas l"isla!io$"smtodos d" a)li!a!i+$ , "$s"a$-a d" la !i"$!ia /#(=di!a o 'i"$ !("a( $#"&osmtodos d" !am'i+ "$ todas las ("as d"l d"("!%o !omo lo "s la a)li!a!i+$ d" los)(o!"sos l"islati&os as= !omo las o(mas "$ los )(o!"sos !i&il"s , m"(!a$til"sd"'"mos t"$"( m#, "$ !#"$ta #" )a(a )od"( "$("$ta( al d"("!%o a los !am'ios"st(")itosos #" "sta $#"&a "(a t"!$ol+i!a "s o'lia!i+$ d" todos los i$t"("sadosd"l d"("!%o "l !o$o!"( la im)o(ta$!ia d"l #so d" la t"!$olo=a "$ todas las ("as d"a)li!a!i+$ d"l d"("!%o.

La a)a(i!i+$ d" la t"!$olo=a $o "s !osa d" los ti"m)os a!t#al"s %o, "$ d=a los!am'ios &#"l&"$ a )o$"( "$ d#da la o)"(ati&idad d" las l","s ,a "ist"$t"s so, d"los !(","$t"s #" $o "s $"!"sa(io la !("a!i+$ d" $#"&as l","s , !+dios si$o "ld"'"( d" %a!"( m"!a$ismos s#mam"$t" o)"(ati&os )a(a ("#la( las ("la!io$"s /#(=di!os a)li!adas )o( "l #so d" la t"!$olo=a. ?"(o d"'"mos d" t"$"( !#idado d"$o t(as)asa( las (o$t"(as d" la ("alidad so!ial d" la !om#$idad #" "l d"("!%o("#la(a !o$o!"mos la im)o(ta$!ia d" la t"!$olo=a )a(a "l d"sa((ollo d" #$ )a=s)"(o d"'"mos sa'"( ("alm"$t" !#al "s "l al!a$!" lo'al d" la t"!$olo=a "$$#"st(os )a=s d"'"mos i( a la )a( d"l d"sa((ollo t"!$ol+i!o )"(o $o d"s!#ida( "las)"!to so!ial #" "l d"("!%o ("#la(a.

?od"mos d"!i( #" !o$sid"("mos #$ t"ma m#, i$t"("sa$t" #" ad"ms d" !am'ia(la )osi'ilidad d" "l"!!i+$ , )o( ta$to "l (#m'o d" la d"mo!(a!ia "l llamado &oto"l"!t(+$i!o #" "$ al#$os )a=s"s "s #$a )(!ti!a #" %a!" al("d"do( d" di"- aos!om"$-+ a "sta'l"!"(s" "$ la !#lt#(a d"mo!(ti!a d" !ada "stado )"(o tam'i$"sta $#"&a modalidad d" %a!"( los !omi!ios %a t(a=do #$a d"s&"$ta/a , )o(s#)#"sto &"$ta/as m#, s#sta$!ial"s.

E$ "l ?"(ú &i"$" d"sa((olla$do la )(o)#"sta d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o d"sd" 1996 , al d=ad" %o, ,a t"$"mos la sol#!i+$ t"!$ol+i!a "la'o(ada =$t"(am"$t" )o(i$o(mti!os )"(#a$os lo #" d"'" s"( #$ moti&o d" o(#llo )a(a "l )a=s. Elsot8a(" %a sido dis"ado "$ la ON?E !o$ "l a)o(t" d" los ot(os o(a$ismos"l"!to(al"s los )a(tidos )ol=ti!os i$stit#!io$"s d"l Estado !omo la ?CJ ,o(a$i-a!io$"s d" la !i&il !omo <(a$s)a("$!ia , "l $stit#to Na!io$al D"m+!(ata. Los)a(tidos )ol=ti!os #" %a$ ("ali-ado "l"!!io$"s i$t"($as !o$ "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o d" laON?E so$ A)(a omos ?"(ú ??C A!!i+$ ?o)#la( ?"(ú ?osi'l" , "l ?a(tidoNa!io$alista ?"(#a$o.

El &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s s"#(o , a(a$ti-a "l s"!("to d"l &oto. No %a'(=a ma$"(a d"sa'"( # "l"!to( &ot+ )o( # !a$didato ,a #" la m#i$a d" los mi"m'(os d"m"sa "$ la #" s" id"$ti:!a al "l"!to( $o ti"$" $i$#$a ("la!i+$ !o$ la !a'i$a d"&oto "l"!t(+$i!o. o$ m#i$as #" s" llama$ sta$d alo$" "s d"!i( m#i$asi$d")"$di"$t"s si$ $i$#$a ("la!i+$ #$a !o$ ot(a lo #" im)id" !#al#i"( i$t"$to

DERECHOUANCV



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

d" "$la-a( la i$o(ma!i+$ d" los &otos "mitidos !o$ los "l"!to("s ("ist(ados. ?o( lota$to "s #$a ala!ia s"ala( #" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )"(mit" id"$ti:!a( # "l"!to(&ot+ )o( # !a$didato. Las #$idad"s "$ las #" s" alma!"$a$ los &otos ti"$"$ #$sist"ma d" do'l" !a$dado la i$o(ma!i+$ "st "$!(i)tado , ad"ms )os"" #$a:(ma diital. Es d"!i( "$ "l s#)#"sto $"ado d" #" "sas #$idad"s #"(a$ (o'adas

$o l" s"(&i(=a$ d" $ada a #i"$ lo %i!i"(a.El )(o)+sito d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "$ "l ?"(ú "s o)timi-a( "l d=a d" la /o($ada"l"!to(al d"sd" la i$stala!i+$ d" la m"sa %asta "l s#(aio "l "s!(#ti$io , lat(a$smisi+$ d" ("s#ltados. Los ma,o("s '"$":!iados s"($ los mi"m'(os d" m"sa,a #" todo "l )(o!"so d"l "s!(#ti$io l"s toma( !omo mimo 15 mi$#tos. Los"l"!to("s ,a $o t"$d($ #" %a!"( !olas i$m"$sas )a(a )od"( s#(aa( )o(#" la&ota!i+$ s"( m#, ()ida , !il. Los )"(so$"(os d" los )a(tidos )ol=ti!os t"$d($ la!o)ia d"l a!ta al i$sta$t". ?o( último "l )a=s sald( '"$":!iado )o(#" t"$d(("s#ltados !asi i$m"diatos. D" all= #" los o'/"ti&os d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o s"a$s"$!ill"- (a)id"- , ("s#ltados i$m"diatos " i$!#"stio$a'l"s.

2" ?QUE NOS DICE LA ON E@

XYUS EZ A di"("$!ia d" la &ota!i+$ t(adi!io$al 'asada "$ "l )a)"l >!d#la "$ la#" s" ma(!a !o$ #$a F "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s a#l "$ "l !#al "l "l"!to( #tili-a #$m"dio "l"!t(+$i!o >!omo la !om)#tado(a )a(a la "misi+$ d" s# &oto. El &oto "s(a'ado alma!"$ado , )(o!"sado )o( #$a !om)#tado(a.

$" ?Q7 :(-'11 &3+(*( () V&'& E)(*'+,-.*&@

" "limi$a(=a la !d#la d" &ota!i+$ , !asi toda la o(mat"a(=a "l"!to(al.

No %a'(=a$ a!tas d" im)#$a!i+$ s+lo (")o(t"s d" ("s#ltados.

" ("d#!i(=a la !a$tidad d" mi"m'(os d" m"sa , s# la'o( !o$!l#i(=a mi$#tos d"s)#Los ("s#ltados d" la &ota!i+$ tam'i$ s" !o$o!"(=a$ !asi a "sa misma %o(a.

" )od(=a a#m"$ta( "l $úm"(o d" "l"!to("s )o( m"sa d" s#(aio dismi$#,"$do la

E$ s#ma "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o a!ilita los )asos d"l )(o!"so d" &ota!i+$ as= !omo

("d#!" ti"m)os.

!" ?Q7 <&61).616( 6( :&'& ()(*'+,-.*& (.'(-@

La m#i$a d" &ota!i+$

La P#($a "l"!t(+$i!aQ.

El "B&oti$ o &oto )o( $t"($"t.

%"# ?Q7 (37(+4& (*&-,<.*& 6(<1-61+1 1) E'16& )1 .<9)(<(-'1*.,-

6() V&'& ()(*'+,-.*&@

El )(i$!i)al !osto "s la !a)a!ita!i+$ d"l "l"!to(ado , "l s"#$do #" lai$(a"st(#!t#(a d" t"l"!om#$i!a!io$"s d"l )a=s so)o(t" las $"!"sidad"s d"i$t"(!o$"i+$ ,Wo t(a$smisi+$ d" la i$o(ma!i+$ )a(a $o %a'la( d" lasmodi:!a!io$"s l"al"s. Es )o( "llo #" la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o %a

DERECHOUANCV



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

sido (ad#al "$ todos los l#a("s do$d" s" %a im)la$tado "$ @(asil )o( "/"m)lod"mo(+ 12 aos.

La ON?E "st t(a'a/a$do )a(a d"t"(mi$a( !ostos , a%o((os #" al!a$-a(=a)(o("si&am"$t" "l Estado )"(#a$o mi"$t(as "l sist"ma s" &a im)la$ta$do(ad#alm"$t". El )la$ !o$t"m)la a&a$!"s (ad#al"s "$ las si#i"$t"s t("s"l"!!io$"s "$"(al"s d"sd" la d"l 2006.

"# A-1).41-6& () '(<1 6( *&'& ?(+1 < *&-:(-.(-'( 7( () :&'&

()(*'+,-.*& )& 6(1++&))( 7- '(+*(+& 7- (+:.*( & '(-(+ 7- .'(<1

9+&9.& (-*1+=16& 6( 7 6(1++&))& ( .<9)(<(-'1*.,-@

Dado #" s" t(ata d" #$ )(o!"so d" m"dia$o )la-o la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ (ad#al d"l&oto "l"!t(+$i!o ("#i"(" "l a!om)aami"$to d" los a!to("s )ol=ti!os , la!a)a!ita!i+$ d"l "l"!to(ado. ?o( "stas (a-o$"s "s )(""(i'l" #" al m"$osi$i!ialm"$t" "sa ")"(i"$!ia s"a sist"mati-ada )o( "l +(a$o "l"!to(al. U$as"#$da (a-+$ "s )o( s"#(idad.

E$ "l !aso d" t"$"( #$ sist"ma )(o)io X)od(=a o!#((i( #" s" ad#i"(a$ "#i)os #"l#"o ("s#lta(=a$ o'sol"tos dado "l !am'io &"lo- d" la t"!$olo=a %o, "$ d=aZ

A#= d"'"($ !om'i$a(s" dos alt"($ati&as. E$ )(i$!i)io la ON?E ("#i"(" d"t"(mi$a(#$ sto! m=$imo d" m#i$as #" d"'"( ad#i(i( )a(a )od"( '(i$da( asist"$!ia ,as"so(=a t!$i!a "$ "l"!!io$"s a )"#"a "s!ala >o'i"($os lo!al"s o(a$i-a!io$"s)ol=ti!as i$stit#!io$"s d" la so!i"dad !i&il. Ji"$t(as #" )a(a )(o!"sos $a!io$al"s od" m"dia$a "s!ala s#ma( a "st" sto! m=$imo "l al#il"( d" "#i)os #" )#"da("#"(i( )a(a !#'(i( la !o'"(t#(a d" "stos )(o!"sos.

5"# SOFTARE SEGURIDAD Y GARANTÍAS

5" "# ?E) &3'1+( 6( :&'1*.,- (' >1 *&-3.=7+16& > *(++16& 1 '&61

<&6.3.*1*.,- & ( *&-3.=7+1)( > 1619'1)(@ E 6(*.+ ?91+1 *161

()(**.,- ( '.(-( 7( *1<.1+ & *&<9+1+ 7-& -7(:&@

El dis"o o a(#it"!t#(a d"l sot8a(" d"'" s"( tal #" s"a P)"(so$ali-a'l"Q )a(atodo ti)o d" )(o!"sos "l"!to(al"s , al m"$o( !osto )osi'l". Ad"ms al %a'"( sidod"sa((ollado )o( los t!$i!os d" la ON?E "l sot8a(" )#"d" s"( modi:!ado )o( "llosmismos d" a!#"(do a las $"!"sidad"s , !a(a!t"(=sti!as d" la "l"!!i+$. No s"(=a$"!"sa(io "$to$!"s ad#i(i( #$o $#"&o )a(a !ada )(o!"so si $o a lo s#moada)ta(lo a las !a(a!t"(=sti!as d" !ada !omi!ios.

5"

2"# ?C,<& ( =1+1-'.41 () (*+('& 6() :&'& > )1 .6(-'.616 6() ()(*'&+@

El sist"ma %a sido dis"ado )a(a #" $o s" ("la!io$" "l ("ist(o d"l &ota$t" !o$ "l("ist(o d" s# &oto lo !#al o'"d"!" a #$ "st$da( i$t"($a!io$al #" s" %a a)li!adosi"m)(" "$ $#"st(o )a=s.

E$ "s" s"$tido los datos d" am'os m+d#los >id"$ti:!a!i+$ , &ota!i+$ so$alma!"$ados "$ 'as"s d" datos disti$tas #" $o s" ("la!io$a$ #$a !o$ la ot(a. La)osi'ilidad d" id"$ti:!a( #" #$ "l"!to( &ot+ )o( "/"m)lo a las 3 d" la ta(d" , #"a "sa %o(a s" dio #$ &oto )o( #$ d"t"(mi$ado )a(tido "s $#la. La m#i$a d"&ota!i+$ ("ist(a &otos )"(o $o "l mom"$to "$ #" #" "mitido $i "$ # !a'i$a.

DERECHOUANCV



2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

Ki$alm"$t" "l sot8a(" "st dis"ado , !o$st(#ido )a(a a(a$ti-a( "l &oto s"!("to.

5"$"# ?C,<& =1+1-'.41+ )1 .-:.&)1.).616 6() :&'&@ ?Q7 <(*1-.<& (

('- *&-.6(+1-6&@

" &a a #tili-a( #$a ("d )(i&ada &i(t#al ta$to a $i&"l lo!al !omo a $i&"l !"$t(al las

!#al"s "st$ s")a(adas d" las ("d"s )ú'li!as , )(ot"idas )o( m"didas d"s"#(idad >, d" !o$ti$"$!ia #" ,a %a$ d"most(ados s# ":!a!ia "$ )(o!"sos$a!io$al"s d" los dos últimos aos. ?o( ot(o lado la ON?E s" %a a$ado "l("!o$o!imi"$to $a!io$al " i$t"($a!io$al "$ !#a$to a ("s)"to )o( "l &oto , la&ol#$tad )o)#la( "l #so d" sot8a(" d" !o$t"o i$!#"stio$a'l"s , "$ "$"(al )o( lat(a$s)a("$!ia , ":!i"$!ia "$ la o(a$i-a!i+$ d" )(o!"sos "l"!to(al"s.

El mismo !#idado , )(o"sio$alismo #" s" %a )#"sto "$ los sist"mas i$o(mti!oss" "st )o$i"$do "$ la "la'o(a!i+$ , )(#"'a d"l sist"ma d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o.

8"# OSIBLES OBSTÁCULOS Y SOLUCIONES

8""# E- () *1& 6( 7( (.'1- *7('.&-1<.(-'& 1 )1 :&'1*.,- ?*,<&

( 3&+<7)1+1-@ ?D( 7 <1-(+1 ( 7'(-'1+1-@ ?Y *,<& 9&6+1-

+(&):(+(@

Como "$ ot(os )(o!"sos "l sot8a(" &a a s"( most(ado , "$t("ado a los )a(tidos)a(a s# ("&isi+$ , a)(o'a!i+$ d" i#al o(ma )#"d" s"( a#ditado )o( stos )o(!o$s#lto(as i$d")"$di"$t"s ,W o )o( las "$tidad"s :s!ali-ado(as , s#)"(&iso(as.Asimismo s# P)#"sta a !"(oQ )#"d" s"( :s!ali-ada )o( los )"(so$"(os t!$i!os d"los )a(tidos )ol=ti!os. E$ todo !aso "&"$t#al"s !#"stio$ami"$tos )#"d"$ s"(o(m#lados a$t" , ("s#"ltos )o( "l +(a$o !om)"t"$t" "$ admi$ist(a!i+$ d" /#sti!ia "l"!to(al.

8"2"# ?C,<& ( 1+1 ))(=1+ () :&'& ()(*'+,-.*& 1 '&61 )1 9&)1*.,-@

(ad#alm"$t" a t(a&s d" d"most(a!io$"s , l#"o im)l"m"$t$dolo )o(!i(!#$s!(i)!io$"s "l"!to(al"s %asta !om)l"ta( "l 100 )o( !i"$to d"l t"((ito(io$a!io$al. Esto s#)o$" asimismo !am)aas d" !a)a!ita!i+$ " i$o(ma!i+$"s)"!=:!as )a(a !ada "l"!!i+$. Ad"ms d"'" )("&"(s" la !o$ti$"$!ia d" la altad" "$"(=a "l!t(i!a al m"$os "$ )(o!"sos #" !om)(om"ta$ la ma,o( )a(t" d" las!i#dad"s d"l )a=s.

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<al !omo s" %i-o "$ "l "$sa,o d" ama$!a s" ll"&a($ (#)os "l"!t(+"$os >o'at"(=as )a(a )(o&""( d" "$"(=a a las !om)#tado(as. Los ("s#ltados "$ "stosl#a("s s" (a'a(=a$ "$ #$ dis#"t" o #$ CD , s" t(aslada(=a$ a !"$t(o d"t(a$smisi+$ ms !"(!a$o. Est" "s "l )(o!"dimi"$to #" s" si#" )o( "/"m)lo "$ "l@(asil.

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El sot8a(" #" s" #tili-a a!t#alm"$t" "st dis"ado )a(a s"( #sado )o( )"(so$asd" 'a/o o $i$ú$ (ado d" i$st(#!!i+$ , %a sido )(o'ado !o$ ito "$ ama$!a#$a lo!alidad !o$ #$ !o$sid"(a'l" )o(!"$ta/" d" )o'la!i+$ il"t(ada. La ")"(i"$!iai$t"($a!io$al i$di!a #" "l a!!"so a "sta t"!$olo=a )o( )a(t" d" los (#)os

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so!ial"s m"$os a&o("!idos >)o( (a-o$"s "o(:!as idioma i$st(#!!i+$ o )o'("-a"s simila( al d"l ("sto d" la )o'la!i+$.

?o( ot(a )a(t" los a$ala'"tos &ota(=a$ !omo %asta a%o(a !o$ la !d#la #" ti"$"s=m'olos , $úm"(os.

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D" a!#"(do a la l", a!t#alm"$t" si #$ !i#dada$o "t(a&=a s# do!#m"$to d"id"$tidad $o )#"d" "miti( s# &oto , "so $o d")"$d" d" si s" &ota "l"!t(+$i!a oma$#alm"$t".

8""# ?E- 1)=/- <&<(-'& .-'(+:.(-( () *&-'(& <1-71) 6( :&'&@

U$a d" las &"$ta/as d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s #" "limi$a la $"!"sidad d"l "s!(#ti$ioma$#al ("ali-a$do la m#i$a #$ "s!(#ti$io a#tomti!o. D" "sta ma$"(a s" ("d#!"d(sti!am"$t" "l ti"m)o #" "l mi"m'(o d" m"sa i$&i"(t" "$ s# ta("a la )osi'ilidadd" "((o("s "$ las a!tas , "l ti"m)o "$ "l #" s" da$ los ("s#ltados.

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E$ ""!to s" ("#i"(" modi:!a( la l", o($i!a d" "l"!!io$"s la !#al "sta'l"!"a!t#alm"$t" #" la &ota!i+$ "s ma$#al.

Notas d" )("$sa

EL COJERCO

E ?ONE A ?RUE@A EN LO ?AR<DO ?OL[<CO

El &oto "l"!t(+$i!o

?o( K(a$!is!o Ji(+ Y#"sada Rada. ?olit+loo

A la "!%a la O:!i$a Na!io$al d" ?(o!"sos El"!to(al"s >ON?E &i"$" a)li!a$do "$ las"l"!!io$"s )a(a a#to(idad"s d" los )a(tidos )ol=ti!os "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. Laso(a$i-a!io$"s '"$":!iadas !o$ "sta modalidad "l"!to(al so$ A!!i+$ ?o)#la(omos ?"(ú ?"(ú ?osi'l" ?a(tido ?o)#la( C(istia$o , ("!i"$t"m"$t" "l ?a(tidoNa!io$alista ?"(#a$o.

E$ los últimos aos "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "st #$!io$a$do "$ di&"(sos )a=s"s $o solo)a(a "l"i( a#to(idad"s )a(tida(ias si$o tam'i$ a !a$didatos )a(a !a(os )ú'li!os, "$ "l m'ito d" "l"!!io$"s "$"(al"s. D" "sta ma$"(a s" "li"$

?("sid"$t"s !o$("sistas a#to(idad"s "d"(al"s ("io$al"s , lo!al"s. Cada &"- ms"sta modalidad "l"!to(al "st a$a$do t"(("$o lo #" si$i:!a #" "$ #$ #t#(oi$m"diato )od(=a (""m)la-a( a la &ota!i+$ t(adi!io$al. ?o( "l mom"$to "ist" #$a!om'i$a!i+$ d" am'as.

El &oto "l"!t(+$i!o s" "/"(!i+ )o( )(im"(a &"- "$ Estados U$idos do$d" "ist"$ dosmodalidad"s "$ #" s" disti$#"$ la im)o(ta$!ia #" l" oto(a$ a la )a(ti!i)a!i+$"l"!to(al <%" El"!t(o$i! <o8$ J#ti$ , <%" El"!t(o$i! Cit, Hall. El )(im"(o )o$"$asis "$ "l a!to "l"!to(al ms d" ti)o ("("$da(io , )l"'is!ita(io. El s"#$dooto(a ma,o( im)o(ta$!ia a los mom"$tos )("&ios d" i$o(ma!i+$ , d"li'"(a!i+$

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so'(" t"mas d" i$t"(s )ú'li!o "stim#la$do "l diloo. ?o( lo "$"(al los dosm"!a$ismos "st$ &i$!#lados )o(#" l#"o d" la d"li'"(a!i+$ s" ("!#((" a la&ota!i+$.

E$ Am(i!a Lati$a "l )a=s do$d" s" a)li!a "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o !o$ ma,o( ("!#"$!ia, a "s!ala $a!io$al "s @(asil. ?o( "so "s m#, im)o(ta$t" )a(a la d"mo!(a!ia "$ "l?"(ú #" s" ("!#((a al &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. i$ "m'a(o toda&=a $os alta i$stala(t!$i!as "l"!t(+$i!as #" "stim#l"$ la )a(ti!i)a!i+$ a t(a&s d" la d"li'"(a!i+$. Elú$i!o !aso #" s" !o$o!" #" "l )la$ )iloto d" Villa El al&ado( ("ali-ado "$ 1996d#(a$t" la al!ald=a d" Ji!%"l A-!#"ta #" "s )io$"(o "$ Am(i!a Lati$a.

E$ #$ i$t"("sa$t" i$o(m" d" la ON?E #" si#" los "st$da("s d" la K"d"(alEl"!tio$ Commisio$ s" di!" #" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s "$ !#a$to sist"ma d"&ota!i+$ #$a !om'i$a!i+$ d" "#i)os m"!$i!os "l"!t(om"!$i!os o "l"!t(+$i!os#" i$!l#,"$ "l sot8a(" ("#"(ido )a(a )(o(ama( !o$t(ola( , a)o,a( "l "#i)o#" s" #sa )a(a d":$i( las )a)"l"tas d" &ota!i+$ )a(a ("!i'i( , !o$ta( &otos )a(a(")o(ta( , d"s)l"a( i$o(ma!i+$ d" a#dito(=a. U$ sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ tam'i$

)#"d" i$!l#i( la t(a$smisi+$ d" los ("s#ltados so'(" ("d"s d" t"l"!om#$i!a!io$"s.

Asimismo s"ala las &"$ta/as d" la a)li!a!i+$ d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "$ "l ?"(ú !omo#tili-a( t"!$olo=a #" a!ilit" la "misi+$ d"l &oto !i#dada$o i$!("m"$ta( la)a(ti!i)a!i+$ !i#dada$a "limi$a( los &otos $#los , &i!iados ("d#!i( las )osi'ilidad"sd" (a#d" "$ la m"sa d" &ota!i+$ dismi$#i( "l ti"m)o , "((o("s "$ "l "s!(#ti$io("d#!i( la !a$tidad d" m"sas d" "l"!to("s , !"$t(o d" &ota!i+$ ("d#!i( los !ostos"$ o(a$i-a!i+$ , "/"!#!i+$ d" los )(o!"sos "l"!to(al"s a m"dia$o )la-o.

Ha!" 'i"$ la ON?E "$ di#$di( , a)li!a( "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o. ; as= !omo s" "st("ali-a$do "$ "l m'ito d" las a#to(idad"s )a(tida(ias d"'" a)li!a(s" "$ las"l"!!io$"s i$t"($as )a(a los !a$didatos a !a(os o:!ial"s #$a !om)"t"$!iad"mo!(ti!a #" !o$t(i'#," a s#)"(a( "l !a#dillismo d" !a$didatos )(o!lamados )o(s#s s"#ido("s d" $at#(al"s " i$dis!#ti'l"s.

K#"$t" %tt) WW888."l!om"(!io.!om.)"W"di!io$im)("saWHtmlW200GB03B24W"lB&otoB"l"!t(o$i!o.%tml

LO ANDE ?ER\DCO ?UNE]O

ON?E ("ali-+ d"most(a!io$"s d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "$ ?#$o

Es!(i'" Los A$d"s ^ Na!io$al B 29 a'(il 2009

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ON?E ("ali-+ "/"(!i!io d" #so d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "$ ?#$o.

Koto ANDNA W ON?E.

La O:!i$a Na!io$al d" ?(o!"sos El"!to(al"s >ON?E ("ali-+ #$a d"most(a!i+$ d"l&oto "l"!t(+$i!o a$t" los )o'lado("s d" ?#$o "$ "l s#("st" )"(#a$o d#(a$t" "l!"(tam"$ Voto "l"!t(+$i!o ot(a o(ma d" &ota(.

Los "("$t"s d" ist"mas " $o(mti!a El"!to(al Io(" ;(i&a(("$ , d" O(a$i-a!i+$, Coo(di$a!i+$ R"io$al R#'$ D#(a$d ")li!a(o$ "l t(a'a/o #" s" ll"&a a !a'o)a(a la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ )(o("si&a d" "st" sist"ma d" &ota!i+$.

<(as #$a !am)aa d" di#si+$ "$ !all"s , m"dios d" !om#$i!a!i+$ lo!al"s "l)ú'li!o )#$"o ("s)o$di+ d" ma$"(a masi&a a las d"most(a!io$"s )(o(amadas"$t(" a,"( , %o, , )#do )(a!ti!a( la &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a !o$ la asist"$!ia d"l)"(so$al d" ON?E. Es!ola("s #$i&"(sita(ios , )ú'li!o "$ "$"(al s" amilia(i-a(o$si$ m#!%a di:!#ltad !o$ "st" mod"($o sist"ma.

A t(a&s d" "stas d"most(a!io$"s "l o(a$ismo "l"!to(al ("ist(a im)o(ta$t"s datosso'(" "l !om)o(tami"$to d"l )ú'li!o a :$ d" m"/o(a( la !a)a!ita!i+$ , los d"tall"s#" )"(mita$ a(a$ti-a( #$ &oto s"$!illo , ()ido.

Las )(+imas d"most(a!io$"s d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o s" ("ali-a($ "$ las !i#dad"s d"#itos >Lo("to <a(a)oto >a$ Ja(t=$ , <(#/illo >La Li'"(tad.

8"8"# CUESTIONES DE LA OLIS

'lo d" !a(lo ma$o sal!"do !#ad(os d"("!%o so!i"dad , )ol=ti!a "$ "l )"(ú , "$ot(as )olis

24Wma(W2009 El &oto "l"!t(+$i!o , "l (im"$ "l"!to(al "$ "l ?"(ú

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D"sd" %a!" &a(ios aos la O:!i$a Na!io$al d" ?(o!"sos El"!to(al"s >ON?E %a&"$ido ("ali-a$do di&"(sos "s#"(-os t"$di"$t"s a la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ "$ $#"st(o)a=s d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o lo #" )"(miti(=a a#tomati-a( la id"$ti:!a!i+$ d"l "l"!to(la "misi+$ d"l &oto "l "s!(#ti$io la "misi+$ d" (")o(t"s , la )("s"$ta!i+$ d"("s#ltados d" #$ )(o!"so "l"!to(al o !o$s#lta )o)#la( (a!ias al #so d" las $#"&as

t"!$olo=as d" la i$o(ma!i+$ , la !om#$i!a!i+$.Di!%o !om"tido aú$ $o %a )odido s"( al!a$-ado a )"sa( #" la ON?E d"sd" "l)#$to d" &ista t"!$ol+i!o , o(a$i-ati&o "st )(")a(ada )a(a as#mi( "s" ("to. E$todos "stos aos "st" o(a$ismo "l"!to(al %a ad#i(ido #$a am)lia ")"(i"$!ia "$"sta !#"sti+$ ("ali-a$do di&"(sas )(#"'as "$sa,os sim#la!(os , ")"(im"$tos $o&i$!#la$t"s as= !omo )("sta$do "l s"(&i!io d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )a(a los )(o!"sos"l"!to(al"s i$t"($os d" )a(tidos )ol=ti!os "$ "st" !aso s= !o$ ("s#ltados &i$!#la$t"s.Ca'" d"sta!a( #" "$ $#"st(o )a=s !asi todas las "ta)as d"l )(o!"so "l"!to(al>"la'o(a!i+$ d"l )ad(+$ "l"!to(al !o$o(ma!i+$ d" los (#)os d" &ota!i+$ so(t"od" mi"m'(os d" m"sa "la'o(a!i+$ d"l mat"(ial "l"!to(al !+m)#to d" &otos "t!.,a s" "$!#"$t(a$ a#tomati-adas "!")to "l a!to mismo d" la &ota!i+$. E$ tals"$tido la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o &"$d(=a a s"( "l último )aso )a(alo(a( la a#tomati-a!i+$ total d"l )(o!"so "l"!to(al.

; si %asta la "!%a $o s" %a )odido im)l"m"$ta( "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s#$dam"$talm"$t" d"'ido a #" %a, #$ &a!=o $o(mati&o "$ la mat"(ia.Ci"(tam"$t" "l 20 d" /#lio d" 2005 s" )#'li!+ la L", N._ 2G5G1 !#,a ?(im"(aDis)osi!i+$ Com)l"m"$ta(ia "sta'l"!" lo si#i"$t" A#to(i-as" a la O:!i$a Na!io$ald" ?(o!"sos El"!to(al"s ` ON?E la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ )(o("si&a , (ad#al d"l &oto"l"!t(+$i!o !o$ m"dios "l"!t(+$i!os " i$o(mti!os o !#al#i"( ot(a modalidadt"!$ol+i!a #" a(a$ti!" la s"#(idad , !o$:d"$!ialidad d" la &ota!i+$ laid"$ti:!a!i+$ d"l "l"!to( la i$t"(idad d" los ("s#ltados , la t(a$s)a("$!ia "$ "l

)(o!"so "l"!to(al.

i 'i"$ "sa $o(ma l"al a#to(i-a a la ON?E a im)l"m"$ta( )(o("si&a ,(ad#alm"$t" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s "&id"$t" #" "sa sola a#to(i-a!i+$ $o "ss#:!i"$t" )a(a )od"( im)l"m"$ta( "sa modalidad d" &ota!i+$. <oda la l"isla!i+$"l"!to(al &i"$t" >la L", O($i!a d" El"!!io$"s L", N. 26G59 , ot(as l","s"l"!to(al"s "st "la'o(ada "$ #$!i+$ al &oto ma$#al , $o todos los)(o!"dimi"$tos a%= s"alados )od(=a$ a)li!a(s" al &oto "l"!t(+$i!o , $o "ist"$i$#$a ot(a $o(ma l"al $i ("lam"$ta(ia #" ("#l" so'(" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o.

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At"$di"$do a las !a(a!t"(=sti!as "s)"!ial"s d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o s# im)l"m"$ta!i+$$o "s )osi'l" a)li!a$do ú$i!am"$t" "sa l"isla!i+$ "l"!to(al #" ("#la so'(" "l&oto ma$#al "i" ad"ms d" $o(mas "s)"!=:!as )a(a ("#la( sit#a!io$"s $o!o$t"$idas "$ las $o(mas "l"!to(al"s &i"$t"s.

<(as la )#'li!a!i+$ d" la L", N._ 2G5G1 la Comisi+$ d" Co$stit#!i+$ , R"lam"$tod"l Co$("so d" la R")ú'li!a "miti+ #$ i$o(m" #" !o$!l#," #" la ON?E s""$!#"$t(a a!#ltada )a(a ("lam"$ta( la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ )(o("si&a , (ad#al d"l&oto "l"!t(+$i!o 'a/o los t(mi$os #" la Co$stit#!i+$ , las d"ms l","s l"!o$:"(a$. Al am)a(o d" di!%o i$o(m" s" "sta'l"!i+ la )osi'ilidad #" m"dia$t" #$("lam"$to d" la $o(ma l"al #" a#to(i-a a la ON?E la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ d"l &oto"l"!t(+$i!o )od(=a ll"$a(s" "l &a!=o $o(mati&o "ist"$t" , )"(miti( #" "l &oto"l"!t(+$i!o s"a #$a ("alidad "$ "l ?"(ú !o$ lo !#al la ON?E s" )#so a t(a'a/a( "$ la"la'o(a!i+$ d" #$ ?(o,"!to d" R"lam"$to d" Voto El"!t(+$i!o. i$ "m'a(otam'i$ s" t#&o "$ !#"$ta #" d" !o$o(midad !o$ "l $#m"(al G d"l a(t=!#lo 11Gd" la Co$stit#!i+$ ?ol=ti!a !o(("s)o$d" al ?("sid"$t" d" la R")ú'li!a >"sto "s al?od"( E/"!#ti&o "/"(!"( la )ot"stad d" ("lam"$ta( las l","s si$ t(a$s("di(las $i

d"s$at#(ali-a(las >)ot"stad #" la "/"(!" "l ?("sid"$t" a t(a&s d" d"!("toss#)("mos , at"$di"$do ad"ms a #" la ?("sid"$!ia d"l Co$s"/o d" Ji$ist(os>?CJ &i"$" im)#lsa$do !omo )ol=ti!a d" Estado "l )(o,"!to d" o'i"($oEl"!t(+$i!o d"$t(o d" !#,os !om)o$"$t"s s" i$!l#," al &oto "l"!t(+$i!o s" &io )o(!o$&"$i"$t" )(o)o$"( al ?od"( E/"!#ti&o #" s"a "l #" a)(#"'" "l R"lam"$to d"Voto El"!t(+$i!o som"ti$dol" a s# !o$sid"(a!i+$ di!%o )(o,"!to. El )(o,"!to d"("lam"$to !o$ al#$as )"#"as modi:!a!io$"s 'si!am"$t" o(mal"s #" %"!%os#,o t!$i!am"$t" )o( di!%a "$tidad d"l ?od"( E/"!#ti&o alta$do ú$i!am"$t" #"s"a a)(o'ado a t(a&s d"l ("s)"!ti&o D"!("to #)("mo. o'(" "l )a(ti!#la( s"ú$i$o(ma %o, "l dia(io El Com"(!io la /"a d" la ON?E Jadal"$a C%ú )idi+ a,"( alo'i"($o a)(o'a( "l (""(ido ("lam"$to d" &oto "l"!t(+$i!o !#,o )(o,"!to #"

"$&iado %a!" si"t" m"s"s a la ?CJ.

E$ !aso d" a)(o'a(s" di!%o ("lam"$to $o s#stit#i( a la L", O($i!a d"El"!!io$"s si$o la !om)l"m"$ta( "$ a#"llas !#"stio$"s $o )("&istas )o( "lla ,ú$i!am"$t" "$ las !i(!#$s!(i)!io$"s do$d" s" im)l"m"$t" la &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a.Asimismo la ON?E #"da(=a a!#ltada )a(a "miti( las dis)osi!io$"s!om)l"m"$ta(ias #" ("s#lt"$ $"!"sa(ias )a(a la a)li!a!i+$ d" las $o(mas!o$t"$idas "$ "l ("lam"$to.

Ci"(tam"$t" la "&"$t#al a)(o'a!i+$ d"l R"lam"$to d" Voto El"!t(+$i!o s"( s+lo#$ )aso ms a#$#" #$o m#, im)o(ta$t" )a(a #" "l (im"$ "l"!to(al )"(#a$os" ad"!#" a la ("&ol#!i+$ t"!$ol+i!a "$ mat"(ia d" i$o(ma!i+$ , !om#$i!a!io$"s#" ")"(im"$ta la %#ma$idad. El si#i"$t" )aso s"( #" s"a la )(o)ia l","l"!to(al la #" ("#l" so'(" la &ota!i+$ "l"!t(+$i!a si$ #" )o( "llo d"/" d" ("#la(so'(" la &ota!i+$ ma$#al. E$ "s" !ami$o "l )aso :$al d"'"(=a s"( #" s" s#stit#,atotalm"$t" "l &oto ma$#al )o( "l "l"!t(+$i!o , #" "llo s" &"a ("*"/ado "$ "l(im"$ "l"!to(al.

K#"$t" %tt)WW'lo.)#!)."d#.)"Wit"mW49763

;"# CONCLUSIONES

El &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s #$a i$$o&a!i+$ )"(o s# ("l"&a$!ia $o s" limita al m"(o saltot"!$ol+i!o. E$!i"((a ad"ms "l "(m"$ d" #$a )(o#$da ("$o&a!i+$ d" las

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2

VOTO ELECTRONICO

)(!ti!as )ol=ti!as. Vota( s"( ms sim)l" , "$to$!"s s" )od( &ota( ms. Lad"mo!(a!ia i$!o()o(a( $#"&os !a$al"s d" )a(ti!i)a!i+$ , la so!i"dad )od( o)i$a(!o$ ma,o( %a'it#alidad ms all d" la "l"!!i+$ d" !a$didatos.

Los o'/"ti&os d"l )(o,"!to d" Voto El"!t(+$i!o dis"ado )a(a la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ "$"l ?"(ú )("t"$d"$ al!a$-a( !i$!o o'/"ti&os a #t#(o

1 R"d#!i( la !a$tidad d" m"sas d" &ota!i+$ , mi"m'(os d" m"sa 2 Aili-a( ,a!ilita( la "misi+$ d" los &otos

3 Dismi$#i( los &otos $#los

4 Elimi$a( "l "((o( mat"(ial "$ #" s" i$!#((" !o$ "l sist"ma d" &ota!i+$ a!t#al ,:$alm"$t"

5 Elimi$a( "l !o$t"o ma$#al.

" da la "ist"$!ia d" &a!=os l"al"s )a(a im)l"m"$ta( )(o("si&a , (ad#alm"$t"

"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s "&id"$t" #" #$a Dis)osi!i+$ Com)l"m"$ta(ia s"a s#:!i"$t")a(a )od"( im)l"m"$ta( "sa modalidad d" &ota!i+$. ?"(o <(as la )#'li!a!i+$ d" laL", N._ 2G5G1 la Comisi+$ d" Co$stit#!i+$ , R"lam"$to d"l Co$("so d" laR")ú'li!a "miti+ #$ i$o(m" #" !o$!l#," #" la ON?E s" "$!#"$t(a a!#ltada )a(a("lam"$ta( la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ )(o("si&a , (ad#al d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o 'a/o lost(mi$os #" la Co$stit#!i+$ , las d"ms l","s l" !o$:"(a$. Al am)a(o d" di!%oi$o(m" s" "sta'l"!i+ la )osi'ilidad #" m"dia$t" #$ ("lam"$to d" la $o(ma l"al#" a#to(i-a a la ON?E la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ d"l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o )od(=a ll"$a(s" "l&a!=o $o(mati&o "ist"$t" , )"(miti( #" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o s"a #$a ("alidad "$ "l?"(ú.

i$ "m'a(o !omo di!ta la Co$stit#!i+$ ?ol=ti!a !o(("s)o$d" al ?("sid"$t" d" laR")ú'li!a "/"(!"( la )ot"stad d" ("lam"$ta( las l","s si$ t(a$s("di(las $id"s$at#(ali-a(las , at"$di"$do ad"ms #" la ?("sid"$!ia d"l Co$s"/o d" Ji$ist(os&i"$" im)#lsa$do !omo )ol=ti!a d" Estado "l )(o,"!to d" o'i"($o El"!t(+$i!o s"&io )o( !o$&"$i"$t" )(o)o$"( al ?od"( E/"!#ti&o #" s"a "l #" a)(#"'" "lR"lam"$to d" Voto El"!t(+$i!o som"ti$dol" a s# !o$sid"(a!i+$ di!%o )(o,"!to. El)(o,"!to d" ("lam"$to !o$ al#$as )"#"as modi:!a!io$"s 'si!am"$t"o(mal"s #" %"!%o s#,o t!$i!am"$t" )o( di!%a "$tidad d"l ?od"( E/"!#ti&oalta$do ú$i!am"$t" #" s"a a)(o'ado a t(a&s d"l ("s)"!ti&o D"!("to #)("mo.

As= toma$do "$ !#"$ta los ?(o,"!tos )iloto ,a ("ali-ados "$ "l ?a=s as= !omo los?a=s"s #" ,a %a$ i$t(od#!ido "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "$ s# sist"ma "l"!to(al , t(a'a/os

d" i$&"stia!i+$ d" las di&"(sas U$i&"(sidad"s , !"$t(os d" d"sa((ollo. " )#"d"d"d#!i( #" la t"!$olo=a 'i"$ #sada , d"sa((ollada )#"d" !o$&"(ti(s" "$ #$ aliado)od"(oso )a(a ("d#!i( !#al#i"( (i"so #" s" )#"da )("s"$ta( s"(ia "$ &a$oi$t"$ta( !o$&"$!"( a la "$t" d" #" las m#i$as so$ s"#(as $o "s la m"/o(o(ma d" i$t(od#!i( "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o.

Ad"ms s" d"/a !la(o #" "l &oto "l"!t(+$i!o "s #$ m"dio ms , )o( ta$to o)!io$als" %i-o 'i"$ !om"$-a( !o$ (#)os id"$ti:!ados #" )o( al#$a (a-+$ $o )a(ti!i)a$%a'it#alm"$t" ,a s"a$ )"(so$as !o$ di&"(sidad"s #$!io$al"s o !o$ )(o'l"mas d"d"s)la-ami"$to. ; s" #tili-+ #$ sist"ma !o$ #$ dis"o s"$!illo "l !#al )"(mita s##so )o( )a(t" d" !#al#i"(a !o$ #$ m=$imo d" "$t("$ami"$to. Co$ todo "sto &"mos

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VOTO ELECTRONICO

#" "stamos ,"$do )aso a )aso "$ la im)l"m"$ta!i+$ d" "st" $#"&o sist"maa$ali-a$do as= las o(tal"-as , d"'ilidad"s d"l sist"ma.

20"# BIBLIOGRAFÍA

"s.8ii)"dia.o(W8iiW&oto"l"!t(o$i!o

"s.8ii)"dia.o(W8iiWsist"mas&ota!io$

888.d"$)"(#.!om.)"Wd"$""Wl"mailBma,02.as)

888.o$)".o(.)"

%tt)WW888.mo$o(a:as.!omWt(a'a/os79W&otoB"l"!t(o$i!oW&otoB

"l"!t(o$i!o2.s%tmlbi--3Cd911A $o(ma!i+$ ?"(iod=sti!a ;o#t#'". Com E$t("&ista E$ El Noti!i"(o El ?"((o D"l Ho(t"la$o Htt)WW88.;o#t#'".ComWat!%ZVcL/a%lst-s4 30 D" A'(il D"l 2009 ;o#t#'".Com Noti!i"(o @#"$os D=as ?"(ú E$t("&ista Co$ La D(a. Jaadal"$a C%# Htt)WW88.;o#t#'".ComWat!%ZVcI$#852-oi), 04 D" Ja(-o D"l 200G

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http://www.denperu.com.pe/denexe/lexmail-may02.asp

http://www.onpe.org.pe/

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos79/voto-electronico/voto-electronico2.shtml#ixzz3CdG91S1A


http://www.denperu.com.pe/denexe/lexmail-may02.asp

http://www.onpe.org.pe/



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