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WOLLO UNIVERSITYKIoT KIoT

School of EngineeringDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTERENGINEERING (ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION)

Reported By1. Amsalu Setey2. Meku Abay3. Nardos demekaw

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Host Company: Kombolcha Community Radio FM 104.8

Duration of internship: 4 Months (October- January)

Mentor: Mr. Abdul-Aziz D. Mentor: Mr. Abdul-Aziz D.

Submission date: March 2016

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• Background of Kombolcha Community FM Radio 104.8

• over all internship experience

• Over all Benefits we gained from the Internship

• Conclusion and recommendation

contents

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• Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio

broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting.

Community stations serve geographic communities and communities

of interest.

1. INTRODUCTION

•Community radio has developed in Ethiopia fastly.

• Kombolcha community radio is community-run local radio station

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• Kombolcha community radio is community-run local radio station

serving the city of Kombolcha and its environment, It reaches a

potential audience of 180,000 people living within a 50 km radius of its

transmitter mast. The station broadcasts in Amharic for 10 hours per

day from 2:00 to 12:00 O’clock.

•FM Kombolcha is operated by the Kombolcha community.

Brief history of the Organization

•The movement starts in the last of 1998 E.C

•It gets permission from the broadcast office in June 1998 E.C

• July 2002 E.C the first Sunday in the program “leman ygabzalu” startsits regular programs

•July 14 2002 E.C invites the late mayor of Kombolcha town Mr.Getawey Yrga in the program of “min yteykalu.”

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Main services of the company

The main service of the company is transmitting Informationthrough radio and.

• provide a development forum for the community;

• encourage participatory community development;

• promote active involvement of underprivileged groups such as• promote active involvement of underprivileged groups such aswomen and young people;

• intensify the sharing of information within the community

1.3 Main customers

• The customers of the Organization are mainly the society of theKombolcha.

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Over all organization structure of the company

CommunityMembers

Radio Council

Radio Council

Fig.1 flow chart of organizationstructureRadio Council

Radio Board

Sub-committees

StationManager

Technical Program News Marketing Admin/HR Account8

Work flow in the station

•Here the community members will elect their representatives to the

Radio Council which in turn forms statutory committees and

Radio Board.

•The Board forms required sub-committees and appoints Station

Manager.

•Under the Station Manager the management structure will be

established

to take care of the day to day operations of the radio.

•Diagrammatically the structure is shown above.

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2. over all internship experience

How we get into the company•We have got the chance to enter to the Kombolcha FM 104.8 by thetreatment of both the office university industry linkage and themanagement of the station.

The section we have been working onThe section we have been working on

Kombolcha Fm 104.8 was assign in to practices in FM studio and audio editing and we was start our practice in this section.

i. How FM studio worksii. Audio editing iii. All about studio equipments

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How FM Studio WorksThe Concept of Modulation

Electricity in the air is nothing but random noise. To be turned into useful

signals that transmit information (music or voice) it must be modulated, and

modulation is the basis for AM and FM radio signals.

The electromagnetic radiation must be modulated or changed to be useful

as a radio transmission. Without modulation, no information is carried in a as a radio transmission. Without modulation, no information is carried in a

radio signal. Modulation is an easy concept to understand and is all around

us. Our sense of vision is a good example of how modulation works.

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FM Transmission System

FM radio uses the Electrical image of a sound source to modulate

the frequency of a carrier wave. At the receiver end in the detection

process, that image is stripped back off the carrier and turned back

Conti..

process, that image is stripped back off the carrier and turned back

into sound by a loudspeaker.

When information is broadcast from an FM radio station, the

electrical image of the sound (taken from a microphone or other

program source) is used to modulate the frequency of the carrier wave

transmitted from the broadcast antenna of the radio station.12

FM Radio Broadcasts

FM radio uses frequency modulation, which changes or modulates the

frequency of the unmodulated signal while keeping the amplitude of the

signal constant. When the frequency is modulated, music or talk is

transmitted via the carrier frequency.

FM radio operates in the range of 87.0MHz to 108.0MHz, a much FM radio operates in the range of 87.0MHz to 108.0MHz, a much

higher range of frequencies than AM radio. The distance ranges for FM

transmissions are more limited than AM

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Audio editing using audacity

Audacity is an open source cross platform audio editor. We have beenworking on this software for many times to edit the audio. Below is partview of audacity software

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Getting to know the studio

The studio-suite, that is the studio and its associated control centre, is the workshop of broadcasting.

Studio systems

single FM processing system 15

Studio Equipments and Their use in Studio

Studio equipments can be classified as transmissionequipments example computers, microphone and studioequipments let us see one by one as follow;

Source equipments

The source equipment in a studio may include CD players,The source equipment in a studio may include CD players,turntables, and cassette Players or even reel-to-reel tapeplayers.

Computers

There are a number of uses for computers in the studio, and the requirements for a computer will depend on its intended use. It is used mainly to

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Microphones

•Microphones change the sound waves to electrical energy. A studio

should have one microphone for each DJ or host and a few for the

guests. In any studio having lots of microphones active at once leads

to a lot of background noise.

•Microphones can be either directional or Omni-directional.•Microphones can be either directional or Omni-directional.

Mixer

• An audio mixer takes input from multiple audio sources and lets the

user determine which channels to use in the output, and at what levels.

• Allows the jockey to control various aspects of radio broadcast

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Fig.1 mixer XB-1418

FM tuner• It is important to have an FM tuner so the DJ can listen to the signal that is being sent over the airwaves.

Monitor speakers•Monitor speakers let the DJ listen to what they are playing. Themonitor speakers might be internally amplified, or might require anexternal amp for power. It is used in the studio to monitor the quality ofbroadcast HeadphonesHeadphones• Headphones are the equipment used in the studio. These convert electrical signal into audible signal. • It is used in the radio station to monitor the audio output and for the communication between radio presenter and technicians.

Most studios will have at least one telephone. If you plan to put callerson the air, you will need a Telephone Hybrid. The hybrid feeds thesignal from the phone line into the console, and feeds another signalback to the caller.

Telephone system

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Audio cables and connectors

Audio cables transmit audio signals from one place to another,

such as from an audio source to the console or mixer.

Two-Bay Stacked Dipole Antenna

The antennas must be attached to a 3-4 metre long metal pole with a

diameter of 25-50cm. This mast must be placed as high as possible, to

cover as large an area as possible.cover as large an area as possible.

FM Transmitter

The transmitter is the heart of the transmission system. Connecting this

300 Watt transmitter with a stacked dipole antenna will provide an

average of 550 Watts ERP (including cable loss).

It’s function in the studio is for sending radio signals which are coming

from the transmitter 20

• During our internship at Kombolcha community radio FM 104.8 we had gain many benefits .

• During these four months of our internship program we was able to

bridge the gap between student life and professional life.

3. Over all Benefits we gained from the Internship

• This has opened doors for us to understand what is waiting for us • This has opened doors for us to understand what is waiting for us

when we finish our graduate studies at this field.

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Theoretical Knowledge

Learning the different studio equipments with their application in the studio.

Learning different kinds of electronics devices and their use in real

life. Example: mixer, mice, pc, video switcher, monitor and so on.

Interpersonal Communication Skills

The development of interpersonal skills being early in life and is

influenced by family, friends and our observation. So communicating

skills had to come handy at these times.

In short, during these four months we had been able to upgrade our

speaking skills. 22

During these times we have been able to observe that one should

have great skills to be a leader. Among them:-Good speaking ability, To

have the ability to listen to others

To be decisive, Good management skills…and so on

Leadership Skills

Work Ethics

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Work Ethics

Our supervisor was always advising us that we should be an ethical

and responsible professionals for the future. He has been showing how

to develop this good behaviour during our stay on the company with

him.

4. Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

•As it is known, the main goal of internship program is to integrate the

theoretically acquired concepts with a tangible practical demonstration.

•General speaking during the internship program a lots of knowledge

and skills have been gained. This program helps students to develop

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and skills have been gained. This program helps students to develop

practical knowledge that can be applied in the real world, how to solve

the problems related to any professional areas, how to meet challenges.

Recommendation

Strength

•Since the company has good outlooks, attitudes and respect for

interns, the intern suggest that the company must keep up as it

deems necessary for the interns

Weakness

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Weakness

•The company does not have enough class rooms. Therefore, it must

construct other enough class room for the feature.

•Technicians are not skilful.

•The Company have not enough materials compare to other FM radio

stations

THANK YOU

THE END

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THANK YOU