optimizing herbicides through adjuvants meeting 2014... · emerging weed mngt traits dicamba...
TRANSCRIPT
Optimizing
Herbicides
through
Adjuvants
Rich Zollinger
ND State University
Adjuvants are like a lot of things
some work and some don‟t
Minot, ND – January, 2011 Jan 28, 2014 = -49 F (wind chill)
Minot, ND – January, 2011
Dr. John Nalewaja
Dr. Frank Manthey
Dr. Alan Dexter
Dr. Cal Messersmith
Dr. Bill Ahrens
Dr. Brad Ramsdale
Dr. Kirk Howatt
>20 Visiting scientists from Europe and S. Africa
2011 2012 2013 FCS Nat Champions
Contributions to adjuvant/formulation development: Methylated Seed Oil (MSO)
Basic pH Blend
Hard water herbicide antagonism
Function of ammonium sulfate
Dr. Albert Einstein Kurt Gödel
Princeton University
1933-1955
Adjuvants are non-regulated
High cost of petroleum =
Change adjuvant formulations
Adjuvants are unregulated!
“Snake oil” “Mouse milk”
“High octane perfume”
slough water artesian water
alcohol antifreeze
H2O2 sugar
Blue windshield wiper fluid
Clorox Humic acid
Cell voltage regulators
RU WeatherMax = No surfactant use information
RU PowerMax =
Full surfactant load glyphosate label - 3 lb ae/gal =
Hard-to-wet Easy-to-wet
Which weed retains spray droplets the LEAST…
the most water repellant
Surface tension – droplets on leaf surface
Velvetleaf
Lambsquarters
Redroot pigeed
NIS
NIS
Droplet retention - So what!
Enlist and RU Xtend = New Technology
Cant use sloppy application
Particle drift (including inversions)
Volatilization
Sprayer cleanout - contamination
Misapplication
www.state.me.us
Emerging Weed Mngt Traits Dicamba resistant soybean (Monsanto/BASF)
• Follow Best Management Practices (BMPs)
- Nozzles = extreme-ultra coarse droplets - >450 µm
- <15 mph travel speed
- 3-10 wind speed
- <24 inch boom height
- Observe buffer zones
- Add drift reducing agent
- Sprayer clean out using triple rinse +
alkaline agent + detergent
- Do not add AMS
Open comment period ends Spring 2012.
Drift Reduction Technology (DRT)
Sprayer / Spray Solution
Modifications
Star rating determines buffer
distance around field perimeter!
Some DRT conclusions
Something has been forgotten in all this DRT
discombobulation – What is it?
Very coarse vs. Fine
Droplet size
28 days after application of phenoxy
type herbicide
Insight #3 - Water conditioner adjuvants?
Do they really condition water?
# 3
ND Weed Control Guide
= 600 to 1,200 ppm
= 120 to 600 ppm
= 50 to 150 ppm
= 20 to 150 ppm
=1,200 to 2,500 ppm
1,200 to 2,500 ppm
Lambsquarters
Glyphosate at 1 lb ae/A
Ca + Mg @ 1,000 ppm
Control with glyphosate as influenced by adjuvant 4 WAT,
Manhattan, KS 2005 – D. Peterson
Treatment
Rate
Velvet-
Leaf
Sorghum
Corn
Sun-
flower
---------------(% control)--------------
Roundup WMax +: 8 oz 40 60 52 73
AMS 5 % v/v 72 90 82 90
AMS + NIS 2.5% v/v 77 95 86 95
WCA #1 1.25% v/v 65 83 77 90
WCA #2 0.5% v/v 30 47 42 60
WCA #3 0.5% v/v 37 58 50 75
WCA #4 0.5% v/v 42 50 50 85
WCA #5 1% v/v 43 57 53 80
WCA #6 0.25% v/v 33 50 47 70
WCA #7 2.2 lb/100G 37 40 40 78
WCA #7 0.5% v/v 62 68 67 90
LSD (5%) 7 9 7 7
Water Conditioning Adjuvants –
standardized test method
Rich Zollinger – North Dakota State Univ.
Mark Bernards – U of Nebraska
Dallas Peterson – Kansas State University
Bryan Young – Southern Illinois University
Greg Dahl and Joe Gednalski – Winfield Solutions, MN
Water Conditioner adjuvants
• Request = Water conditioner (WC)
• Helfire = Acidic WC
• N-Tense = WC + NIS
• Array = AMS + Deposition + Defoamer
• Bronc Max = AMS + WC
• Choice Weather Master = AMS + WC
• Cayuse Plus = AMS + NIS
• Class Act NG = AMS + NIS
• Bronc Plus Dry EDT = AMS + NIS
• Flame = AMS + NIS
Glyphosate with water conditioners (1,000 ppm water hardness)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
WC 10
WC 9
WC 8
WC 7
WC 6
WC 5
WC 4
WC 3
WC 2
WC 1
% control
Ve
lve
tle
af
Ave of 4 locations, 2010
+ NIS + AMS
+ NIS
Glyphosate with water conditioners (1,000 ppm water hardness)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
WC 10
WC 9
WC 8
WC 7
WC 6
WC 5
WC 4
WC 3
WC 2
WC 1
% control
Ave
of
bro
ad
lea
f sp
ecie
s
Ave of 5 locations, 2010
+ NIS + AMS
+ NIS
Glyphosate with water conditioners (1,000 ppm water hardness)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
WC 10
WC 9
WC 8
WC 7
WC 6
WC 5
WC 4
WC 3
WC 2
WC 1
% control
Ave
of
gra
ss s
pe
cie
s
Ave of 3 locations, 2010
Glyphosate with water conditioners (1,000 ppm water hardness)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
WC 10
WC 9
WC 8
WC 7
WC 6
WC 5
WC 4
WC 3
WC 2
WC 1
% control
Ave
of
bro
ad
lea
f sp
ecie
s
Ave of 4 locations, 2010
WC 1 = 0.5% v/v
WC 2 = 0.5% v/v
WC 3 = 0.5% v/v
WC 4 = 0.5% v/v
WC 5 = 0.5% v/v
WC 6 = 9 lb/100 gal
WC 7 = 0.5% v/v
WC 8 = 0.5% v/v
WC 9 = 10 lb/100 gal
WC10 = 2.5% v/v
Emerging Weed Mngt Traits Dicamba resistant soybean (Monsanto/BASF)
• Follow Best Management Practices (BMPs)
- Nozzles = extreme-ultra coarse droplets - >450 µm
- <15 mph travel speed
- 3-10 wind speed
- <24 inch boom height
- Observe buffer zones
- Add drift reducing agent
- Sprayer clean out using triple rinse +
alkaline agent + detergent
- Do not add AMS
AMS
Volatility of dicamba Volatility
Banvel = dicamba-dma salt 3% (dimethyl amine)
Clarity = dicamba-dga salt 0.3% (diglycol amine)
Engenia = dicamba- BAPMA salt 0.03% (Bis(3-aminopropyl)methyl amine))
Banvel + AMS >3% (?)
Clarity + AMS >3%
Engenia + AMS ~0.3%
How much dicamba can induce soybean injury?
Insight #4 - Adjuvant use in glyphosate
tank-mixtures?
Conundrum!
Hydrophilic glyphosate +
Lipophilic tank-mix herbicide
# 4
#1 Soybean Weed in NC Region
?
#1 Soybean Weed in NC Region
The “Fantastic Five” tankmix pardners
Glyphosate +
1. Clethodim (Select)
2. Dicamba (Status)
3. Laudis/Impact/Callisto (HPPD)
4. Sharpen
5. Flexstar
Conundrum with adjuvant selection!
ND Weed Control Guide
ASTM Adjuvant Defintions
HSOC = enhance lipophilic herbicide without antagonizing glyphosate (hydrophilic herbicide).
ASTM Adjuvant Defintions
Crop oil concentrate (PO) = emulsifiable petroleum oil-based products containing 15-20% surfactant and remainder phytobland oil.
High surfactant oil conc. (HSOC) = emulsifiable oil (PO or MSO) based products containing 20-50% surfactant and a minimum of 50% oil.
HSOC definition = enhance lipophilic herbicide without
antagonizing glyphosate.
Oil adjuvants with Glyt + Laudis (Flax and 4 broadleaf species (ave)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-4
-3
-2
MSO-HSOC-1
-2
PO-HSOC-1
-2
MSO-1
MSO + OS
-2
PO-1
Glyt + Laud +
% control
Oil
ad
juvan
ts
= Flax
= Ave 4 species:
(amar, colq, tabw,
conv. soy)
Zollinger, 2010
0.28 lb ae + 1 fl oz
1 qt/A
1 qt/A
0.75% v/v
1.25 pt/A
1.25 pt/A
1 pt/A
1 pt/A
1 pt/A
1 pt/A
1 pt/A
0.5 pt/A
COC / PO
MSO
MSO+OS
PO-HSOC
MSO-HSOC
LSD (0.05) = 5
MSO+NIS
Insight #7 - Oil Adjuvant Rate
Volume versus Area?
Which concept is best?
# 7
Oil Adjuvant Rates - Historical
Movement from area (pt/A) to volume (% v/v)
Label rates Grower rates
PO/COC
MSO
HSOC
Oil Adjuvant Rates - Historical
Movement from area (pt/A) to volume (% v/v)
Label rates Grower rates
PO/COC 2 pt/A 1%
MSO 1.5 pt/A 1%
HSOC 0.75-1 pt/A 0.5%
Oil adjuvant recommendations
Herbicide Oil 28% AMS -v/v- - v/v - /100 gal
Raptor (BASF) 1-2% 2.5% 12-15 lb
Assure II (Dupont) 1% 2 qt/A 2 lb/A
FirstRate (Dow) 1.2% 2.5% 8.5-17 lb
Valor (Valent) -- 1-2 qt/A 2-2.5 lb/A
Impact (Amvac) 1-1.5% 1.25-2.5% 8.5-17 lb
Callisto (Syngenta) 1% 2.5% 8.5 lb
Oil adjuvant recommendations
Herbicide Oil 28% AMS -v/v- - v/v - /100 gal
Select (Arysta/Valent) 1% or 1qt 1-2 qt /A 2.5-4 lb/A
>1 pt/A
Laudis (Bayer) 1% but
>1.25 pt/A 1.5 qt/A 1.5 lb/A
Status (BASF) 1-2 pt/A 1.25% 5-17 lb
Sharpen (BASF) 1%....>1 pt/A 1.25-2.5% 8.5-17 lb
2010 Extension Specialist Survey Spray volume used (gpa):
State University Grower
ND 8.5 10
SD 20 10
NE 15 10
KS 15 5 to 10
MN 20 10 to15
WI 15 to 20 10
MI 19 10 to 15
Ontario 20 10 to 15
IA 20 8 to 15
IL 20 12 to 15
IN 15 12 to 15
TX 20 8 to 10
Low gpa =
glyphosate
Should adjuvants be applied at % v/v or by area?
Atrazine = 1 qt/A of oil adjuvant
Assure II, Fusidale DX, and Fusion = 1% v/v oil
At 18 gpa - 1% v/v PO = 0.18 gal = 1.5 pt/A
At 9 gpa - 1% v/v PO = 0.085 gal = 0.68 pt/A
At 4.5 gpa – 1% v/v PO = 0.043 gal = 0.34 pt/A
Question:
Oil volume with Laudis (Zollinger, 2008)
MSO
Spray vol. 1% v/v 1.5 pt/A (gpa) -------- % control -------
(Ave of 4 species)
8.5 (0.7 pt/A) 46 69
17 (1.4 pt/A) 55 54
LSD (0.05) ------ 7 ------
Sharpen with oil volume, Zollinger, 2010
Ave of 4 broadleaf species
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2 pt/A
1.4 pt/A
0.7 pt/A
0.34 pt/A
2 pt/A
1.4 pt/A
0.7 pt/A
0.34 pt/A
% control
Pe
tro
l. O
il P
O -
HS
OC
0.5% 0.25%
1% 0.5%
2% 1%
3% 1.5%
= 8.5 gpa = 17 gpa
0.5% 0.25%
1% 0.5%
2% 1%
3% 1.5%
Compare 1% v/v to 2 pt/A
Compare 0.5% to 1 pt/A
Sharpen with oil volume, Zollinger, 2010 Ave of 4 broadleaf species
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2 pt/A
1.4 pt/A
0.7 pt/A
0.34 pt/A
2 pt/A
1.4 pt/A
0.7 pt/A
0.34 pt/A
% control
MS
O
MS
O -
HS
OC
0.5% 0.25%
1% 0.5%
2% 1%
3% 1.5%
= 8.5 gpa = 17 gpa
0.5% 0.25%
1% 0.5%
2% 1%
3% 1.5%
Compare 1% v/v to 1.4 pt/A
Compare 0.5% v/v to 1 pt/A
Compare 1% v/v to 1.4 pt/A
General rule:
Apply oil adjuvants at 1% v/v but not
less than 1.25 pt/A.
Herbicide optimization:
1. Better adjuvant use information on labels.
2. Add NIS especially for „hard to wet‟ species.
3. Use “water conditioners” that contain at least AMS at
8.5 lb/100 at use rates.
4. MSO-HSOCs adjuvants enhance glyt+oil herbicides.
5. Alkaline pH water enhance herbicide solubility and
may enhance some herbicides.
6. Acidic AMS Replacement (AAR) adjuvants are
variable but can some can equal AMS + NIS.
7. Apply oil adjuvants on an area basis (pt/A).