monográficos: ciencia y tecnologia
TRANSCRIPT
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Lsmtszey
dc|ezzkmmk
Lic`lie-
Tcl`kmkaeyDc|ezzk
mmk.
Fc||\cje|ti`.Lezoc`Jc`ewidc|
\i cm lk`klioic`tk c| s` geltkz dc ~zkdslli`gs`deoc`tem- cm gkoc`tk dc mk| ~zklc|k| io~miledk| c` |sac`czeli`y digs|i` |c lk`wicztc- ~kz te`tk- c` s`k dc mk| ~zkteak`i|te| dc me| eltsemc| c|tzetcaie| dc dc|ezzkmmk
clk`oilk.
Lic`lie- Tcl`kmkaey Dc|ezzkmmkFc|| \cje|ti`
Lezoc` Jc`ewidc|
Lsmtsze ydc|ezzkmmk
Eac`lie C|~ekme dc Lkk~czeli` I`tcz`elik`em >3
TTSMK\ DC C\TE LKMCLLI@
>>. Dczclbk| Lsmtszemc| y Dc|ezzkmmk bsoe`k.^sjmileli` dcm dimkak dcm Gzso S`iwcz|emdc me| Lsmtsze| dc Jezlcmk`e :>>4.
>5. Lkos`ileli` |k|tc`ijmc y dc|ezzkmmk bsoe`kc` me |klicded dc me i`gkzoeli`-dc Fse` Lezmk| Oiascm dc Js|tk|.
>:. Tszi|ok- lsmtsze y dc|ezzkmmk-dc Deoi` Okzeasc| Lkztede.
>7. Tzejefk c` zcd- dc Fewicz Jzs`.
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Eac`lie C|~ekme dc Lkk~czeli` I`tcz`elik`em
Oi`i|tczik dc E|s`tk| Crtczikzc| y dc Lkk~czeli`
Lic`lie-Tcl`kmkaey Dc|ezzkmmk
Fc|| \cje|ti`Lezoc` Jc`ewidc|
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Eac`lie C|~ekme dc Lkk~czeli` I`tcz`elik`em. Dizclli` Ac`czem dc Zcmelik`c| Lsmtszemc| y Lic`tgile|.
Ewde. Zcyc| Letmilk|- 4- :2>4> Oedzid. Di|ck dc me lkmclli` y ~kztede6 Lzi|ti`e Wczaeze. @I^K6 3>:/>1/>:4/:.I\J@6 912/24/2
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`dilcLe~tsmk 5. Lk`klioic`tk y dc|ezzkmmk ..................................................................................................................................... 5>3 :>>2 ............................................................................................................................................ 15
:.:. Cm lk`klioic`tk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk c` mk| kjfctiwk| dcm ^me` Dizcltkz dc me lkk~czeli`
c|~ekme :>>3 :>>2 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1::.
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Le~tsmk 4. Diea`|tilk dcm ojitk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk c` mk| ~e|c| dc i`tcz| ~eze me
lkk~czeli` c|~ekme................................................................................................................................................................... 55>3 / :>>2 dc me Lkk~czeli` C|~ekme.
Cm esoc`tk dc eltselik`c| y ~zkycltk| dcm |cltkz lsmtszem- lk` wkms`ted dc i`lidiz c` ~zklc|k| dc dc|ezzkmmk- zc/
lmeoe s`e zcgmcri` y lk`lc~tsemiveli` dc cr~czic`lie| y ~zltile| usc `k| ~czoite` lk`lzctez cm io~zc|li`dijmc
e~kztc dc me lsmtsze e mk| Kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik. C|te| eltselik`c| y ~k|ijimidedc| `k c`lsc`tze` c|~elik| ~eze |s
lk`klioic`tk y digs|i`- ~kz mk lsem c|te| ~sjmilelik`c| |c ~scdc` lk`wcztiz c` oetcziemc| dc tzejefk y zcgmcri`
~eze mk| eltkzc| dc me lkk~czeli` em dc|ezzkmmk
E ~eztiz dc me dcgi`ili` usc dicze S`c|lk c` 592: Me lsmtsze ~scdc lk`|idczez|c lkok cm lk`fs`tk dc mk| ze|ak|
di|ti`tiwk|- c|~izitsemc| y oetcziemc|- i`tcmcltsemc| y egcltiwk| usc lezeltczive` s`e |klicded k s` azs~k |kliem. Cmme
c`amkje- edco| dc me| eztc| y me| mctze|- mk| okdk| dc wide- mk| dczclbk| gs`deoc`temc| em |cz bsoe`k- mk| |i|tc/
oe| dc wemkzc|- me| tzedilik`c| y me| lzcc`lie|- i`tc`teok| kgzclcz e`mi|i| y ~zk~sc|te| dc|dc digczc`tc| di|li~mi/
`e| zcmelik`ede| lk` me lsmtsze- e| lkok zclk~imez cr~czic`lie| critk|e| usc `k| gelimitc` me |c`|ijimiveli` |kjzc
me `clc|ided dc me ~cz|~cltiwe lsmtszem c` me| ~kmtile| dc dc|ezzkmmk.
Mk| lk`tc`idk| y estkzc| dc c|tk| tzejefk| |k` dc ~zklcdc`lie osy diwcz|e lk` me wkms`ted dc lk`wcztiz c|te lk/
mclli` c` s`e ~metegkzoe diwsmaetiwe dc oetcziemc| |kjzc me elli` lsmtszem lkok geltkz dc dc|ezzkmmk y mslbe lk`/
tze me ~kjzcve. \s| ttsmk| we` diziaidk| e me| ~cz|k`e| i`tczc|ede| c` c|tc tcoe- e mk| eac`tc| |kliemc| usc i`tcz/
wic`c` c` me| ~kmtile| dc dc|ezzkmmk y ~zctc`dc` |cz s`e e~kzteli` `kwcdk|e |kjzc me wi|i` dc c|tc tcoe dc|dc
me ~zltile usc |c c|t zcemive`dk c` C|~ee.
C|te lkmclli` |c i`|lzijc c` cm kjfctiwk dc diwsmaeli` dc me C|tzetcaie \cltkziem Lsmtsze y Dc|ezzkmmk dc me Lkk/
~czeli` C|~ekme c i`wite te`tk e |s digs|i` lkok e ~eztili~ez c` cmme e me| ~cz|k`e| y kzae`ivelik`c| usc c|t`
tzejefe`dk c` c|tc ojitk dc me lkk~czeli` em dc|ezzkmmk.
1
^ZC\C@TELI@
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^zmkak
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Lkok |c be |cemedk c` emas`e kle|i`- `i c| le|sem- `i teo~klk dc`kte gemte dc lk`lzcli` `i dc i`tcz|- usc me
Dizclli` Ac`czem |ce em tico~k dc zcmelik`c| lsmtszemc| y lic`tgile|. Eoje| c|gcze| ~zc|c`te` s`e oetczie ~zioe
osy |ioimez- jic`c| i`te`aijmc|- usc js|le` i`|temez|c c` me cri|tc`lie dc mk| lisdede`k| lk` cm gi` dc ocfkzez |s
lemided dc wide. Dede c|te `etszemcve- mk| ~zklc|k| dc ocdili` dc mk| jc`cgilik| y ewe`lc| lk`mmcwe` s`e digi/lsmted oeykz usc c` ktzk| tzejefk| dc me lkk~czeli` em dc|ezzkmmk. Mk| `scwk| i`diledkzc|- e` c` ~zklc|k dc
cmejkzeli`- dcosc|tze` usc mk| mkazk| emle`vedk| ~kz c|te| di|li~mi`e| |s~k`c` s`e |kmidcv oeykz dc me eysde
belie s` lzclioic`tk |k|tc`ijmc y lk`ti`sedk dc me| ~kjmelik`c| dk`dc elte`.
^kz ktze ~eztc- mk| otkdk| dc io~me`teli` dc mk| tzejefk| dcjc` tc`cz c` lsc`te me| lk`dilik`c| |cltkziemc| y cm
ojitk |kliem. C|tk| geltkzc| lk`|titsyc` s` cmcoc`tk |s|te`liem y |s c|le|e ~k`dczeli` be |idk c` kle|ik`c|
les|e dc gzele|k c` dctczoi`edk| ~zkycltk|.
Lkok |c |ceme c` c|te| ~ai`e|6 Me lsmtsze lic`tgile gkzoe ~eztc dcm ojitk o| ac`czem dc me lsmtsze. Cm dc/
jetc |kjzc me| dk| lsmtsze| `k |c gs`deoc`te te`tk c` me `etszemcve i`tz`|cle dc me| lsmtsze| lic`tgile| y bsoe/
`|tile|- ~sc|tk usc eoje| |k` gzstk| dc me lzcetiwided i`diwidsem y lkmcltiwe- |i`k c` mk| okdk| dc cr~zc|i` dc
c|te lzcetiwided y c` me| we| dc ellc|k e mk| lk`klioic`tk| y zc|smtedk| dc me oi|oe- e| lkok c` s`e diwi|i`
eztigiliem usc |c be ~zkgs`divedk c` me cdsleli` y c` mk| ojitk| edoi`i|tzetiwk| y eledoilk|.
\i` cojezak- cm |cltkz dc me lic`lie- dc me i``kweli` y dc me| tze`|gczc`lie| y ede~telik`c| tcl`kmaile| ~zc|c`/
te me| ~eztilsmezidedc| dc s` kjfctk dc c|tsdik em usc bey usc dcdilez c|~cliem lsidedk y dctc`ioic`tk.
^c`|ez- lkok |c belc c` c|tc mijzk- c` me| zcmelik`c| usc tic`c cm dc|ezzkmmk lic`tgilk lk` e|~cltk| lkok me ak/
jcz`ejimided lk`|titsyc` s` e~kztc c|c`liem e mk| `scwk| okdcmk| dc tzejefk belie s` dc|ezzkmmk cusitetiwk y
cusimijzedk. Me i`lms|i` dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile c` cm c`tzeoedk dc leo~k dc lk`klioic`tk|- eltitsdc| y lko/
~kzteoic`tk| |kliemc| fscae s` ~e~cm dc|teledk c` cm dc|ezzkmmk ~cz|k`em- usc |i` dsde tc`dz zcgmcfk c` me| elti/
tsdc| lkmcltiwe| y mk| okdcmk| dc tzejefk- e gi` dc lk`tzijsiz em lzclioic`tk dc me| lkmcltiwidedc| lk` zclsz|k|
~zk~ik|- efs|tedk| e |s oe`cze dc c`tc`dcz cm os`dk y dc dc|ezzkmmez|c ~mc`eoc`tc.
^ZMKAK
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C|tc mijzk dcosc|tze usc mk| Kjfctiwk| dcm Dc|ezzkmmk dcm Oimc`ik ~eze me czzedileli` dc me ~kjzcve- |cz` oslbk|
o| diglimc| dc emle`vez |i` s` ~zklc|k dc io~me`teli` dc ~zkazc|k| tcl`kmailk|- ye usc mk| KDO |k` osmti/
dioc`|ik`emc| c io~mile` `soczk|k| ~zklc|k| i`tczzcmelik`edk|- usc `k |kmeoc`tc zcusiczc` gi`e`lieli` ~eze
|s io~me`teli`- |i`k me okwimiveli` dc me |klicded liwim- cm lko~zkoi|k dc mk| eltkzc| i`|titslik`emc| y leojik|c` me| ~kmtile| y ~zikzidedc| dc mk| akjicz`k|.
Cmejkzez okdk| dc lkk~czeli` tcl`kmaile c`tzc eltkzc| bctczka`ck| be dc fsaez s` ~e~cm gs`deoc`tem c` c|/
uscoe| dc dc|ezzkmmk. S`e dc me| ~zi`li~emc| c`|ce`ve| dc me lic`lie c| usc me| oi|oe| gzosme| c` c`tkz`k| di/
gczc`tc| ~zkdslc` zc|smtedk| di|ti`tk|- e wclc| i`lms|k- ej|kmsteoc`tc i`c|~czedk|.
Me lkk~czeli` lic`tgile i`tcz`elik`em fscae s` ~e~cm gs`deoc`tem c` me lzceli` y oe`tc`ioic`tk dc i`gzec|tzsl/tsze| lic`tgile|. Mk| lk|tk| dc me i`wc|tiaeli` |k` osy cmcwedk| y lko~eztizmk| ~scdc eysdez e ocfkzez me| i`/
wcz|ik`c|. ^czk |kjzc tkdk- c|te ~sjmileli` eysde e c`tc`dcz usc mk| ~zkjmcoe| |kjzc mk| usc |c tzejefe teo/
ji` |k` lkos`c|- lkok ~scdc |cz cm le|k dc me| i`wc|tiaelik`c| c` gezoelkmkae.
C| c|te c` dcgi`itiwe s`e kjze usc `k| eysde e tc`cz s`e wi|i` oslbk o| lko~mcte dc mk usc c| me lkk~czeli`
em dc|ezzkmmk dc|dc me| omti~mc| ezi|te| usc c` me oi|oe |c ~zc|c`te`. S`e kjze c|c`liem ~eze c`tc`dcz cm ~kmi/
dzilk os`dk c` usc c|teok| i`|cztk|.
Emgk`|k Oezti`cmm \co~czc
Dizcltkz Ac`czem dc Zcmelik`c| Lsmtszemc| y Lic`tgile|
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Le~. 5.Lk`klioic`tk
y Dc|ezzkmmk
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5.5. LK@KLIOIC@TK Y DC\EZZKMMK CLK@OILK
Cm lk`klioic`tk c` me| tckze| dcm lzclioic`tk clk`oilk
Cm lk`klioic`tk c` me| tckze| dcm lzclioic`tk clk`oilk
Cm e`mi|i| dc mk| geltkzc| io~miledk| c` cm lzclioic`tk clk`oilk be |idk s`k dc mk| lc`tzk| dc i`tcz| dc jsc`e
~eztc dc me mitczetsze clk`oile okdcz`e. @k c| le|semided usc cm `elioic`tk dc me eltsem tckze clk`oile |c
~zkdsfc|c c`tzc gi`emc| dcm |iamk RWIII y ~zi`li~ik| dcm RIR- lse`dk tic`c msaez me ~ziocze zcwkmsli` i`ds|tziem y |c i`i/
lie cm lzclioic`tk clk`oilk okdcz`k. ^eze mk| clk`koi|te| lm|ilk| dcm |iamk RIR- me| lmewc| dc c|tc lzclioic`tk
|c c`lk`tzeje` c` e|~cltk| temc| lkok me elsosmeli` dc le~item y me diwi|i` y c|~cliemiveli` dcm tzejefk.
Es`usc cm geltkz tcl`kmailk c|t io~mlitk c` c|tk| cmcoc`tk|- me| zcgczc`lie| cr~mlite| em oi|ok `k |c c`lsc`/
tze` be|te estkzc| ~k|tczikzc|- c`tzc mk| usc dc|tele \lbso~ctcz- usic` ~zk~k`c c` 59
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Dc c|te gkzoe- cm lzclioic`tk clk`oilk kjtc`idk ~kz me| clk`koe| o| ewe`vede| dsze`tc mk| ek| 3> y 7>
dcm |iamk RR |kmk ~scdc cr~milez|c ~kz cm ewe`lc tcl`kmailk.
Cm ~zk~ik \kmkq- zcemiv s` c|tsdik co~zilk ~eze me clk`koe `kztceoczile`e lk` cm usc ~zctc`de lk`tejimivez
|s lzclioic`tk. C` |s tzejefk c`lk`tz usc cm le~item y cm tzejefk cr~mileje` |kmk s`e ~cusce ~eztc dcm lzcli/
oic`tk dc me clk`koe- uscde`dk |i` cr~milez s` zc|idsk lczle`k em 9>#. Me lk`lms|i` dc \kmkq c| usc |tc
|kmk ~kde dcjcz|c em ewe`lc tcl`kmailk.
Mk| okdcmk| `cklm|ilk| lk`|idcze` usc me tcl`kmkae lzclc dc gkzoe crac`e- cm ~zkazc|k tl`ilk cr~mile cm
lzclioic`tk dc me ~zkdsltiwided ~czk `k |c wc i`gmsc`liedk ~kz |tc `i ~kz `i`as`e ktze weziejmc dcm okdcmk. Dc
bclbk- c|tk| okdcmk| `k cr~mile` lok |c ~zkdslc` me| i``kwelik`c|- lsem c| |s kziac` y lok |c i`tzkdslc`c` cm ~zklc|k ~zkdsltiwk.
S`e |cas`de dcjimided dc c|tk| okdcmk| |c c`lsc`tze c` me bi~tc|i| dc me cri|tc`lie dc zc`dioic`tk| dclzc/
lic`tc| dcm le~item- mk usc mmcwe em okdcmk e ~zcdcliz usc mk| ~e|c| k zcaik`c| ~kjzc| lzclcz` e s`e te|e |s~c/
zikz e me dc mk| zilk|- em |cz c` c|tk| mtiok| me dkteli` dc le~item ~kz tzejefedkz |s~czikz. \i` cojezak- `k c|t`
tc`ic`dk c` lsc`te s`e |czic dc geltkzc| usc i`gmsyc` c` me zc`tejimided dc me| i`wcz|ik`c| y usc |s~k`c` s`e
wc`tefe dc me| clk`koe| dc|ezzkmmede| gzc`tc e me| oe| ~kjzc|6 oczledk| oe| eo~mik| usc ~czoitc` e~zkwc/lbez clk`koe| dc c|leme c` me ~zkdslli` y |szaioic`tk dc crtcz`emidedc| ~k|itiwe| miaede| e me lk`lc`tzeli`
dc me eltiwided clk`oile6 s` oczledk dc tzejefk oe| dc|ezzkmmedk- lk` gkzoelik`c| c|~clgile| dc me oe`k dc
kjze- s`e oeykz y ocfkz kgczte dc |czwilik| c|~cliemivedk|- ocfkzc| dktelik`c| dc i`gzec|tzsltsze|- lk`lc`tze/
li` dc ~zkwccdkzc|- lmic`tc| y lko~ctidkzc|- c`tzc ktze|.
C|te| dcjimidedc| |c wc` |s~czede| lk` me| tckze| dcm lzclioic`tk c`dac`k- usc zcwitemive` cm ~c`|eoic`tk dc
\kmkq6 cm lzclioic`tk |c ~zkdslc azelie| e me| ocfkze| dc me ~zkdsltiwided usc ac`cze me i`tzkdslli` ~zkazc|iwe
dc i``kwelik`c| dc lezltcz c`dac`k c` cm ~zklc|k ~zkdsltiwk. E| ~kz cfco~mk- me ~ziocze ac`czeli` dc ok/
dcmk| gsc ~zk~sc|te ~kz Zkocz c` 5927 y Msle| c` 5922. C|tk| estkzc| lk`|iasiczk` cr~milez me| te|e| ~k|itiwe|
dc lzclioic`tk e tzew| dc me| crtcz`emidedc| e`tczikzc| y dc me i`tzkdslli` dcm le~item bsoe`k "gkzoeli` y lse/
migileli` dcm geltkz tzejefk)- zc|~cltiweoc`tc.
Dc`tzk dc s`e |cas`de ac`czeli` dc lk`tzijslik`c|- Azk||oe` y Bcm~oe` c` 5994 lk`|tzsyc` okdcmk| c` mk|
usc me i`wcz|i` c` I(D dc me| co~zc|e| ac`cze` ~zkazc|k tcl`kmailk dc gkzoe c`dac`e. C` c|tk| okdcmk|-
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me| co~zc|e| i`wc|tiaedkze| |c wc` jc`cgiliede| lk` cm di|gzstc dc ~kdcz ok`k~km|tilk lse`dk i`wc`te` s` sc/
wk ~zkdsltk k ocfkze` me lemided dc s`k ye cri|tc`tc- |ico~zc y lse`dk cm |i|tcoe aeze`tilc mk| dczclbk| dc
~zk~icded g|ile c i`tcmcltsem y oe`tc`ae s` oezlk mcaem edclsedk. Me j|uscde dc c|tc jc`cgilik cr~mileze me
i`tzkdslli` dc i``kwelik`c|. Cr~mileli` usc c`meve lk` me idce dcm co~zc|ezik i``kwedkz dc \lbso~ctcz.
Cm ~c`|eoic`tk cwkmstiwk k ck|lbso~ctczie`k- midczedk c`tzc ktzk| ~kz @cm|k`- Qi`tcz- Gzccoe` y \kctc- zcwite/
mive cm ~c`|eoic`tk dc \lbso~ctcz- e~ky`dk|c c` me idce dc usc me| co~zc|e| |k` mk| eltkzc| c|tzetailk| c`
mk| ~zklc|k| dc cwkmsli` dc me| tcl`kmkae|8 |k` me| usc tkoe` me| dcli|ik`c| dc i`wcz|i` c` `scwk| ~zklc|k|
y ~zkdsltk|. Dc bclbk- lkok |ceme kztcz c` 5995 c| clc|ezik e`emivez me cwkmsli` dc me tcl`kmkae c` gs`li`
dc me| c|tzetcaie| lko~ctitiwe| dc me| co~zc|e|.
Me| co~zc|e| i`lkz~kze` zsti`e|- |ejcz belcz y ~zklc|k| dc e~zc`divefc usc lk`|titsyc` s` ocle`i|ok usc gelimite cmleojik tcl`kmailk y me lzceli` dc lk`klioic`tk. ^czk edco| `k elte` lkok s`idedc| ~zkdsltiwe| ei|mede|- |i`k
usc k~cze` y |c i`tczzcmelik`e` c` |s c`tkz`k lkk~cze`dk c` oetczie dc I(D lk` ktze| co~zc|e|- i`|titslik`c| y kz/
ae`ivelik`c| ac`cz`dk|c e| mk usc mk| `ck|lbso~ctczie`k| be` dcgi`idk lkok s` \i|tcoe @elik`em dc I``kweli`.
Dc me| tckze| dcm lzclioic`tk c`dac`k y dc me| `ck|bso~ctczie`e| k cwkmslik`i|te| |c ~scdc` crtzecz dk|
lk`lms|ik`c|6 cm lezltcz c`dac`k dcm ~zkazc|k tl`ilk io~mile usc |tc |c wce i`gmsc`liedk ~kz cm lzclioic`tk
dcm le~item g|ilk- dcm le~item bsoe`k y dc me ~zk~ie clk`koe- em ac`czez cm lzclioic`tk dc c|te mtioe s`e |czicdc crtcz`emidedc| ~k|itiwe|. Me |cas`de lk`lms|i` c| usc c` cm ~zklc|k dc ac`czeli` dcm lk`klioic`tk- me|
co~zc|e| y |s c`tkz`k dc|co~ce` s` ~e~cm gs`deoc`tem.
Tkdk cmmk be lk`dslidk e usc c` me| mtioe| dk| dlede| |c beye dc|ezzkmmedk s`e `scwe di|li~mi`e clk`/
oile usc ~cz|iasc cm c|tsdik dc me ~zkdslli`- me tze`|oi|i` y me stimiveli` dcm lk`klioic`tk6 me clk`koe
dcm lk`klioic`tk. Me zcmcwe`lie usc c|te zeoe dc me clk`koe ktkzae em lk`klioic`tk c|t gscztcoc`tc wi`/
lsmede em bclbk dc usc- lede wcv oe|- cm lzclioic`tk clk`oilk c|t je|edk c` ktzk| zclsz|k| di|ti`tk| dc
mk| tzedilik`emc|. Me tcl`kmkae- me i`gkzoeli`- cm e~zc`divefc- me| le~elidedc| y cr~czic`lie dc mk| tzejefe/
dkzc|- me lkk~czeli`- me gkzoeli` dc zcdc|- c`tzc ktzk|- |k` geltkzc| lede wcv o| io~kzte`tc| dc`tzk dc
mk| ~zklc|k| dc ~zkdslli`- te`tk dc jic`c| lkok dc |czwilik|. Cm emle`lc dc me| i``kwelik`c| tcl`kmaile|
dc me| mtioe| dlede| be |idk tem usc be zcwkmslik`edk me c|tzsltsze ~zkdsltiwe dc me| clk`koe|- lk` cm
|szaioic`tk dc `scwk| |cltkzc|- lk` aze`dc| tze`|gkzoelik`c| c` mk| ye cri|tc`tc| y ac`cze`dk leojik|
c` me le~elided lko~ctitiwe dc co~zc|e|- ~e|c| y zcaik`c| c` cm lk`tcrtk dc s`e clk`koe amkjem.
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Me i`wcz|i` |c be idk diziaic`dk belie jic`c| y |czwilik| dc emte tcl`kmkae y- dc gkzoe osy c|~cliem- belie me|
tcl`kmkae| dc me i`gkzoeli` y me lkos`ileli` "TIL). Iasemoc`tc io~kzte`tc- es`usc dc lezltcz o| i`te`aijmc-
be |idk cm c|~cltelsmez lzclioic`tk dc mk| |czwilik| ~zc|tedk| e me| co~zc|e| i`tc`|iwk| c` lk`klioic`tk /|czwi/
lik| ~zkgc|ik`emc|- lkok cm e|c|kzeoic`tk i`gkzotilk y c` oetczie dc ac|ti`- |czwilik| dc I(D- ~sjmilided y gkz/
oeli` ~zkgc|ik`em.
Me io~kzte`lie dc c|tc ~zklc|k uscde ~etc`tc c` me| ~kmtile| usc tkdk| mk| ~e|c|- c` oeykz k oc`kz ocdide-
be` idk di|ce`dk c` mk| mtiok| ek|. E| ~kz cfco~mk- lejc dc|telez cm eojilik|k kjfctiwk dc me C|tzetcaie dc
Mi|jke dc lk`wcztiz e me SC c` :>5>- c` me clk`koe je|ede c` cm lk`klioic`tk o| lko~ctitiwe y di`oile dcm
os`dk.
Me ~zkdslli` dcm lk`klioic`tk
S`e dc me| lezeltcz|tile| o| `ktejmc| dc me ~zkdslli` dc lk`klioic`tk y usc mk digczc`lie dcm zc|tk dc geltk/
zc| dc ~zkdslli` "le~item- tzejefk- zclsz|k| etszemc| y g|ilk|) c| usc |c tzete dc s` jic` i`te`aijmc- usc ~zc|c`/
te zc`dioic`tk| oezai`emc| lzclic`tc|- c` cm |c`tidk dc usc |s s|k `k mk dc|tzsyc ~eze ~k|tczikzc| k lk`lszzc`/
tc| s|k|- |i`k usc o| jic` esoc`te |s wemkz. C| dcliz- me e~mileli` dcm lk`klioic`tk `k oczoe cm |tklh
di|~k`ijmc- |i`k usc `kzoemoc`tc mk esoc`te y ocfkze.
Cm lk`klioic`tk c| s` eltiwk usc gkzoe ~eztc dcm ~zklc|k ~zkdsltiwk lkok s` i`~st k geltkz dc ~zkdslli` "lse/
migileli` dc mk| tzejefedkzc| k i`wcz|i` c` I(D) y lkok s` kst~st k ~zkdsltk "i``kwelik`c| usc |c lk`lzcte` c`
`scwk| ~zklc|k| k `scwk| ~zkdsltk|- y le~elidedc|). C| dcliz- dc|dc cm i`ilik be|te cm gi`em dcm ~zklc|k- cm lk/
`klioic`tk c|t ~zc|c`tc.
Me ~zkdslli` dcm lk`klioic`tk c| s` ~zklc|k dc ~zkdslli` lk`fs`te- c` cm usc s` ~zkdsltk c| me i``kweli` y
ktzk cm e~zc`divefc y me ocfkze dc me| tl`ile| usc tic`c` msaez dsze`tc cm ~zklc|k dc ~zkdslli`. Tkdk cmmk ac/
`cze `scwe| lko~ctc`lie| ~eze ac|tik`ez y ~cz|casiz ~zklc|k| dc I(D- zci`ili`dk|c dc c|te gkzoe cm ~zklc|k.
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\i cm lk`klioic`tk c| s` geltkz dc ~zkdslli` gs`deoc`tem- cm gkoc`tk dc mk| ~zklc|k| io~miledk| c` |s ac/
`czeli` y digs|i` |c lk`wicztc- ~kz te`tk- c` s`k dc mk| ~zkteak`i|te| dc me| eltsemc| c|tzetcaie| dc dc|e/
zzkmmk clk`oilk.
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Me| i``kwelik`c| |k` lk`klioic`tk scwk usc |c eedc em ye cri|tc`tc y- em oi|ok tico~k- s` lk`klioic`tk usc
be |idk dcoe`dedk ~kz cm oczledk c i`tzkdslidk c` cm oi|ok. C` c|tc |c`tidk- Zkjczt| dcgi`i c` 5922 me i``k/
weli` lkok i`wc`li` o| lkoczliemiveli`. Usc |c i`wc`tc emak `k |ia`igile- `clc|ezieoc`tc- usc weye e |cz k
dcje |cz e~miledk- `i e` lse`dk c|t lko~mctk tkdk cm dc|ezzkmmk tl`ilk. Usc |c e~miusc k dcje |cz e~miledk
dc~c`dc dc be|te us ~s`tk c| lko~ctitiwk lk` mk| ~zkdsltk| y ~zklc|k| cri|tc`tc| c` me| lk`dilik`c| wiac`tc|
dc kgczte y dcoe`de. kz mk te`tk- cm zc|smtedk dc s`e i``kweli` lk` ritk c| me ~k|ijimided dc belcz emak usc k
cze ~k|ijmc belcz e`tc|- em oc`k| te` jic` k te` clk`oileoc`tc.
Dc mk e`tczikz |c dc|~zc`dc` s`e |czic dc e|~cltk|- lk` cgcltk| c` me clk`koe- usc be` |idk e`emivedk| ~kz
Ms`dwemm y ktzk| oslbk| estkzc|.
C` ~ziocz msaez- s`e i``kweli` |s~k`c- c` tzoi`k| dc \lbso~ctcz- s` ~zklc|k dc dc|tzslli` lzcedkze-
c` cm |c`tidk dc usc ~scdc ejziz `scwk| oczledk| y+k `scwk| |cltkzc| ~zkdsltiwk| em oi|ok tico~k usc
dc|tzsye emas`k| dc mk| ye cri|tc`tc|- lk` mk| lk|tc| dc efs|tc usc cmmk ~scdc ac`czez c` tzoi`k| dc
co~mck y ~zkdslli`. E|ioi|ok cm|tklhdc lk`klioic`tk lzclc- ~czk s`e ~eztc dcm oi|ok- |c uscde kj|kmc/
tk.
C` |cas`dk msaez- c| ~zcli|k lk`|idczez `k |kmk me| i``kwelik`c| tcl`kmaile| k tl`ile| "`scwk| ~zklc|k| y`scwk| ~zkdsltk|) |i`k teoji` me| i``kwelik`c| lkoczliemc|- kzae`ivetiwe|- gi`e`licze| c i`|titslik`emc|. Me| i`/
`kwelik`c| lkoczliemc| |scmc` oe`igc|tez|c e tzew| dc s`e `scwe ~zc|c`teli` dc s` ~zkdsltk- s`e `scwe gkz/
oe dc di|tzijsli`- s`e `scwe leo~ee ~sjmilitezie k `scwk| di|ck|- c`tzc ktzk|. Lkok cfco~mk dc i``kwelik/
`c| kzae`ivetiwe| |c ~scdc litez e me ledc`e dc ok`tefc y mk| |s~czoczledk|. C` me| mtioe| dlede| dc|tele`
teoji` me ac|ti` dc me lemided tktem- me zci`ac`icze dc ~zklc|k|- cm fs|tk e tico~k y me kzae`iveli` wiztsem- c`tzc
ktze|. Me| i``kwelik`c| gi`e`licze| belc` zcgczc`lie e tkdk| euscmmk| e|~cltk| zcmelik`edk| lk` me lko~ze+wc`/
te- usc- ~kz |s lezltcz digczc`tc c i`ditk- lk`lcdc` e me co~zc|e s`e kziai`emided |kjzc cm zc|tk dc co~zc|e|
usc lko~itc` c` cm oczledk. Me| i``kwelik`c| i`|titslik`emc| ~eztc` dc mk| ~kdczc| ~jmilk| y |c tzedslc` c`
ocfkze| ~eze s`e i`ds|tzie k me `eli` c` ac`czem. Emas`e| i``kwelik`c| i`|titslik`emc| be` |idk me lzceli` dc
wiwczk| dc co~zc|e| y mk| ~ezusc| tcl`kmailk|.
C` tczlcz msaez- c| lk`wc`ic`tc tc`cz c` lsc`te me| digczc`lie| |cltkziemc| c` me ~zkdslli` dcm lk`klioic`tk- ye
usc c|te| |c we` e zcgmcfez c` cm lezltcz- cm okdk y cm zc|smtedk dcm ~zklc|k dc i``kweli`. ^ewitt di|ti`asc lse/
tzk ti~k dc |cltkzc|6
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e) \cltkzc| dkoi`edk| ~kz me kgczte- lkok cm tcrtim k cm oscjmc- c` mk| usc me| co~zc|e| dc|ezzkmme` ~kle| i``k/
welik`c|- kjtc`i`dkme| dc ktze| co~zc|e|.
j) \cltkzc| i`tc`|iwk| c` clk`koe| dc c|leme usc- lkok me emioc`teli` k cm lcoc`tk- lc`tze` |s| eltiwidedc|
i``kwedkze| c` cm dc|ezzkmmk dc me tcl`kmkae o| cgilic`tc ~eze cm ~zklc|k ~zkdsltiwk.
l) \cltkzc| c|~cliemivedk| "i`ac`icze|- ~zkwccdkzc| dc |kgtqezc- ousi`e/bczzeoic`te). C|tk| |cltkzc| mmcwe` e
lejk gzclsc`tc| i``kwelik`c| dc ~zkdsltk- e oc`sdk c` lkmejkzeli` lk` |s| lmic`tc|.
d) \cltkzc| je|edk| c` me lic`lie- usc dc|ezzkmme` te`tk `scwk| ~zkdsltk| lkok `scwk| ~zklc|k| c` c|tzclbe
lkmejkzeli` lk` me| s`iwcz|idedc| y lc`tzk| dc i`wc|tiaeli`. Lejc litez eus e me i`ds|tzie usoile- me cmcl/tz`ile- i`gkzotile- tcmclkos`ilelik`c| k me jiktcl`kmkae.
Be|te gclbe| zclic`tc|- me ~zkdslli` dcm lk`klioic`tk y- ~kz te`tk- dc me| i``kwelik`c|- be c|tedk c`oezle/
de dc`tzk dc c|te lsezte letcakze dc |cltkzc|. E` |c ~scdc egizoez usc cri|tc s` licztk |c|ak c` c|e dizcl/
li`- elko~eedk dc s`e wi|i` mi`cem dcm ~zklc|k6 ~zioczk cri|tc s` dc|lsjzioic`tk lic`tgilk- mscak s`e i`/
`kweli` tcl`kmaile y- gi`emoc`tc- c|e i``kweli` |c i`tzkdslc c` cm oczledk lkok s` `scwk ~zkdsltk k
~zklc|k.
^czk c|te wi|i` mi`cem `k |c lk`|tete c` me zcemided c` me oeykz ~eztc dc mk| le|k|. Osy ~klk| ewe`lc| lic`tgi/
lk| |c tze`|gkzoe` dc gkzoe i`ocdiete c` i``kwelik`c| y- e me i`wcz|e- me| i``kwelik`c| ~kle| wclc| zcgmcfe` mk|
mtiok| ewe`lc| lic`tgilk|.
Mk| okdcmk| oe| zclic`tc| |kjzc i``kweli` zcgsczve` me idce dc usc me ~zkdslli` dc lk`klioic`tk + i``kwe/
li` c| s`~zklc|k i`tczeltiwk c` cm usc me| co~zc|e| elte` c` zcmeli` lk` mk| lmic`tc|- mk| ~zkwccdkzc| y me|i`|titslik`c| ~zkdsltkze| dc lk`klioic`tk. Y c| usc c|tsdik| co~zilk| osc|tze` usc zeze wcv me| co~zc|e| i`/
`kwe` |kme|.
C|tk ~czoitc e~milez s` c`gkusc |i|toilk e me ~zkdslli` dcm lk`klioic`tk. Mk| |i|tcoe| dc i``kweli` c|t`
lk`|titsidk| ~kz tkdk| mk| eac`tc| io~miledk| c` me oi|oe co~zc|e|- i`|titslik`c| tcl`kmaile|- s`iwcz|idedc|-
|i|tcoe| dc gkzoeli` y le~item zic|ak y ~kz |s| i`tczzcmelik`c|. Cmmk we lk`gkzoe`dk cm lk`tcrtk c` cm usc |c
dc|ezzkmme me ac`czeli` dcm lk`klioic`tk y me i``kweli`.
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C|te| zcmelik`c| |cz` digczc`tc| |ca` mk| |cltkzc|- me| zcaik`c| y me| `elik`c|. C` ac`czem- |c c|~cliemive` dc
elsczdk lk` |s je|c dc lk`klioic`tk. Cm okdk c|~clgilk dc i``kweli` dc lede s`k zcgmcfe me| digczc`lie| i`|/
titslik`emc|.
Cm ktzk zc|smtedk dc me ~zkdslli` dcm lk`klioic`tk c| me le~elided dc ej|kzli` y me| lko~ctc`lie| ~eze ac|/
tik`ez mk| ~zklc|k| dc I(D y dc i``kweli`.
C|e `scwe ~cz|~cltiwe i`tczeltiwe c| me usc ~czoitc c|tejmclcz me lk`cri` c`tzc lede i``kweli` y cm dc|ezzkmmk
~k|tczikz dc me le~elided. Cm ~zklc|k dc i``kweli` c| s` ~zklc|k dc e~zc`divefc i`tczeltiwk- s` ~zklc|k |kliem-
c` cm usc mk| eac`tc| i`wkmslzedk| esoc`te` |s le~elided lse`dk |c io~mile` c` dilbk ~zklc|k.
C` me tckze clk`oile be` cri|tidk wezik| ~me`tceoic`tk| ~eze cr~milez me zcmeli` c`tzc le~elided y e~zc`dive/
fc. Ezzkq belc zcgczc`lie emmcez`i`a jy dki`a usc `k c| |i`k cm ~zklc|k dc e~zc`divefc y edic|tzeoic`tk c` me
e~mileli` dc `scwk| ~zkdsltk| k ~zklc|k| kjtc`idk| ~zcwieoc`tc usc kziai`e`- e |s wcv- ocfkze| edilik`emc|
c` me ~zkdsltiwided y ~kz te`tk lk`|titsyc` s`e gsc`tc dc ewe`lc| tl`ilk|. C` me oi|oe m`ce Zk|c`jcza dc|te/
le cmmcez`i`a jy s|i`a8 Ms`dwemm we oe| emm em i`lmsiz me| ~k|ijimidedc| dc e~zc`divefc usc |c dcziwe` dc me| i`tcz/
lk`crik`c| c`tzc mk| eac`tc| io~miledk| c` me eltiwided clk`oile- dcgi`ic`dk cmmcez`i`a jy i`tczeli`a8 \c`ac y
E|bcio eo~me` cm lk`lc~tk dcm e~zc`divefc e kzae`ivelik`c|mcez`i`a kzae`i|etik`| c- i`lms|k- e zcaik`c| usce~zc`dc`mcez`i`a zcaik`|- zc|~cltiweoc tc.
Me tze`|gczc`lie dcm lk`klioic`tk
Cm ~zkazc|iwk esoc`tk dcm wemkz clk`oilk dcm lk`klioic`tk be ac`czedk s` wiwk dcjetc |kjzc mk| ~zklc|k|
usc gelimite` |s tze`|oi|i` y digs|i`. Me clk`koe dcm lk`klioic`tk tzete c` aze` ocdide dc c|~cligilez me|
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C` dcgi`itiwe- cri|tc s` tzi`asmk dcm lk`klioic`tk usc |cze me je|c dc me clk`koe dcm lk`klioic`tk. C|t
gkzoedk ~kz lk`klioic`tk i``kweli` cdsleli`. Jsc`e ~eztc dcm dc|ezzkmmk clk`oilk dc~c`dc eltsem/
oc`tc dcm di`eoi|ok dc c|tc tzi`asmk. C` s`e clk`koe usc lkoji`e s`e lko~mcfe je|c dc lk`klioic`tk y
s`e c|~cliemiveli` emteoc`tc dc|ezzkmmede y c` lk`|te`tc leojik- c| ~zcli|k i`tzkdsliz i``kwelik`c|. Y ~ezeusc |c ~scde` e|soiz c|k| `scwk| dc|ezzkmmk| c| `clc|ezik usc me |klicded c|t ~zc~ezede ocdie`tc s`e gkz/
oeli` y cdsleli` edclsede| usc mc ~czoite e|ioimez c|k| lk`klioic`tk| y- e me wcv- ac`czez ktzk| `scwk|.
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lk`dilik`c| ~eze usc cm lk`klioic`tk |ce lk`tco~medk lkok s`e oczle`le `kzoem usc ~scde |cz i`tczleo/
jiede c` cm oczledk- c` m`ce dc mk| ~zkdsltk| te`aijmc| zc~zkdslijmc|.
Tze`|gkzoez cm lk`klioic`tk c` s`e oczle`le kjfctk dc tze`|ellik`c| clk`oile| `k c| tezce glim. ^kz s`e
~eztc- ~kzusc |s edusi|ili` |c ~zkdslc c` s` c`tkz`k dc i`lcztidsojzc ye usc- ~kz dcgi`ili`- me i`gkzoeli`
|kjzc me| lezeltcz|tile| dc mk usc |c wc`dc c|t e|iotzileoc`tc di|tzijside c`tzc cm wc`dcdkz y cm lko~zedkz.
^kz ktze ~eztc- ~kzusc c| diglim dcgi`iz mk| dczclbk| dc ~zk~icded |kjzc cm oi|ok. @i`as`e ~zktclli` mcaem ~sc/
dc lk`wcztiz emak te` i`te`aijmc lkok cm lk`klioic`tk c` s` jic` lko~mcteoc`tc ~ziwedk. C|tk io~mile usc zeze
wcv ~kdz crlmsiz|c tktemoc`tc e mk| `k ~zk~ictezik| dcm zc~eztk dc me| ae`e`lie| usc ac`cze. Me lsc|ti` |kjzc
cm c|tejmclioic`tk dc ocle`i|ok| mcaemc| ~eze ~ziwetivez cm lk`klioic`tk |c oe`tic`c c` cm `lmck dc me clk`k/
oe dc me ~zkdslli` dcm lk`klioic`tk y mcaitioe me i`tczwc`li` dc mk| ~kdczc| ~jmilk|.
Edilik`emoc`tc- c|te oczle`le tic`c s`e| lezeltcz|tile| c|~cliemc| usc tic`c` oslbk usc wcz lk` |s ~zk~ie
`etszemcve. Oic`tze| usc s`e ~eztc dcm lk`klioic`tk c| kjfctiwe- dc `etszemcve cr~mlite- y ~scdc tze`|oitiz|c |i`
digilsmted e~ezc`tc c`tzc c|~cliemi|te| usc stimilc` cm oi|ok mc`asefc y mk| oi|ok| ldiak| dc lkos`ileli` "lk/
`klioic`tk cr~mlitk k lkdigiledk)- ktze c| |sjfctiwe- dc `etszemcve tlite- diglim dc cr~zc|ez y e me usc |mk |c tic/
`c ellc|k ocdie`tc me ~zltile y cm e~zc`divefc "lk`klioic`tk tlitk kh`kq/bkq). C|te di|ti`li` tic`c io~mile/
lik`c| e me bkze dc ~zklcdcz e me tze`|gczc`lie dcm lk`klioic`tk.
C` cm ~ziocz le|k- cm lk`klioic`tk ~scdc zc~zkdsliz|c y di|tzijsiz|c glimoc`tc y e jefk lk|tc e s` eo~mik eje`i/
lk dc s|sezik|. ^kz cm lk`tzezik- cm lk`klioic`tk tlitk `k ~scdc tze`|gcziz|c dc|dc s`e kzae`iveli` e ktze k- i`/
lms|k- c`tzc i`diwidsk| |i` c|tejmclcz c|tzclbe| i`tczzcmelik`c| c` tzoi`k| dc zcdc| y zcmelik`c| dc e~zc`divefc
k i`wiztic`dk |s|te`liemc| zclsz|k| c` me lkdigileli` y tze`|gkzoeli` dcm oi|ok c` i`gkzoeli`.
Cm dc|ezzkmmk dc me| tcl`kmkae| dc me i`gkzoeli` ~scdc lk`tco~mez|c lkok s`e zc|~sc|te e me `clc|ided dclkdigilez cm lk`klioic`tk dc s`e gkzoe o| cgilic`tc. \s lzclioic`tk- be ~czoitidk dcgi`iz e me cze eltsem lkok
me |klicded dc me i`gkzoeli`- s`e |klicded dk`dc s`e aze` ~zk~kzli` dc mk| tzejefedkzc| ~zkdslc`- tze`|/
oitc` y di|tzijsyc` i`gkzoeli` k lk`klioic`tk lkdigiledk. Me zcwkmsli` diaitem be i`tc`|igiledk- ~kz te`tk- cm
okwioic`tk belie me lkdigileli` dcm lk`klioic`tk y be emtczedk mk| moitc| c`tzc cm lk`klioic`tk tlitk y cm cr/
~mlitk. E` e|- bey usc |cemez usc c` me tze`|gczc`lie dcm lk`klioic`tk cr~mlitk- |ico~zc bejz s` lko~k/
`c`tc eedidk dc digilsmted dcziwedk dc me `clc|ided dc lk`klcz emas`k| lko~k`c`tc| tlitk|. @k c| c`tk`lc|
dc crtzeez usc me| le~elidedc| ~eze |cmcllik`ez me i`gkzoeli` zcmcwe`tc y dc|clbez me izzcmcwe`tc- i`tcz~zctez y
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dc|lkdigilez i`gkzoeli` e| lkok e~zc`dcz `scwe| bejimidedc| |ce` lede wcv o| dcoe`dede| c` cm oczledk
dc tzejefk.
Me ktze we dc ~eze ellcdcz em lk`klioic`tk tlitk lk`|i|tc- lkok |c be |cemedk ~zcwieoc`tc- c` c|tejmclcz c|/
tzclbe| i`tczzcmelik`c| lk` me| co~zc|e| k lk` me| ~cz|k`e| usc ~k|cc` dilbk lk`klioic`tk. Cmmk |c ~scdc zce/mivez- tem y lkok |ceme Ms`dwemm- jic` ocdie`tc me lk`tzeteli` dc |s| |czwilik|- k~li` usc c|t |ic`dk eo~mie/
oc`tc stimivede c` mk| oczledk| jefk me gkzoe dc |czwilik| e co~zc|e| i`tc`|iwk| c` lk`klioic`tk- jic`
ocdie`tc me zcemiveli` dc s` ~zklc|k dc e~zc`divefc eltiwk lk` cm tze`|oi|kz dcm lk`klioic`tk- k jic`- e tzew|
dc me ej|kzli` dc me kzae`iveli` usc mk lk`tzkme- dcm c|tejmclioic`tk dc emie`ve| k zcdc| k dc me lk`tzeteli`
dc mk| i`diwidsk| usc mk dkoi`e`.
Cm e`mi|i| c io~milelik`c| dc c|te| i`tczzcmelik`c| be oktiwedk usc ktze zeoe dcm ~c`|eoic`tk clk`oilk- je/|ede c` me| clk`koe| i`ds|tziem y zcaik`em- zctkoc me| idce| kziai`emc| dc Oez|bemm |kjzc cm di|tzitk i`ds|tziem y
e`emilc me lk`wc`ic`lie dc lk`lc`tzez c` s`e zcai` lk`klioic`tk| c|~cliemivedk|- i`|titslik`c|- ziwemc|- ~zkwcc/
dkzc| y lmic`tc|. Dc c|te gkzoe- me lk`lc`tzeli` dc me eltiwided clk`oile c` s`e dctczoi`ede vk`e ackazgile
~scdc |cz s`e gsc`tc dc wc`tefe| lko~ctitiwe|- te`tk c` mk zcmetiwk em dc|ezzkmmk y digs|i` dcm lk`klioic`tk y dc
i``kwelik`c|- lkok e me ocfkze dc me ~zkdsltiwided.
Me mitczetsze clk`oile be stimivedk digczc`tc| tzoi`k| ~eze belcz zcgczc`lie e c|te| vk`e| ackazgile|- temc|lkok6 lms|tcz|- di|tzitk| i`ds|tziemc|- |i|tcoe| zcaik`emc| dc i``kweli` y zcaik`c| usc e~zc`dc`- c`tzc ktzk|. Dc
tkdk| cmmk|- mk| lms|tcz| tic`c` s`e c|~cliem io~kzte`lie c` me cmejkzeli` dc c|tzetcaie| dc dc|ezzkmmk clk`oi/
lk c` mk| ~e|c| dc oc`kz dc|ezzkmmk.
S` lms|tczc| s` azs~k ackazgileoc`tc dc`|k dc co~zc|e| c i`|titslik`c| lk`cre|- ~cztc`clic`tc| e s` leo~k
tcl`kmailk lk`lzctk- s`ide| ~kz ze|ak| lkos`c| y lko~mcoc`tezik| c`tzc |. kztcz be |cemedk me bctczkac`ci/
ded dc mk| lms|tcz|. @kzoemoc`tc i`lmsyc` e co~zc|e| dc ~zkdsltk| k |czwilik| gi`emc|- ~zkwccdkzc| dc oetczie/mc|- lko~k`c`tc|- oeusi`ezie y |czwilik| c|~cliemivedk|- i`|titslik`c| gi`e`licze| y co~zc|e| dc |cltkzc| egi/
`c|. Teoji` |scmc i`tcazez e co~zc|e| usc lk`|titsyc` c|mejk`c| ~k|tczikzc| dc me ledc`e- c| dcliz- le`emc|
dc di|tzijsli` k lmic`tc|8 gejzile`tc| dc ~zkdsltk| lko~mcoc`tezik|8 ~zkwccdkzc| dc i`gzec|tzsltsze|8 i`|tits/
lik`c| ~jmile| y ~ziwede|- usc gelimite` gkzoeli`- i`gkzoeli`- i`wc|tiaeli` y e~kyk tl`ilk "s`iwcz|idedc|-
azs~k| dc zcgmcri`- c`tidedc| dc gkzoeli` ~zkgc|ik`em y lk`|smtkze|) c i`|titslik`c| dc `kzoemiveli`. ^kz mti/
ok- oslbk| lms|tcz| i`lkz~kze` teoji` e|klielik`c| lkoczliemc| y ktzk| kzae`i|ok| lkmcltiwk|- dc lezltcz
te`tk ~jmilk lkok ~ziwedk- usc e~kye` e |s| oicojzk|.
: gzc`tc e s`e ocdie dcm :# c` cm lk`fs`/tk dc me SC. Dc |cz s`k| dc mk| ~e|c| o| etze|edk| dc me S`i` c` zc`te ~kz bejite`tc- bky c| me |cas`de zc`te ~cz le/
~ite o| emte- tze| Msrcojszak. Izme`de belc :3 ek| tc`e s`e te|e dc ~ezk dcm 51#- c|te`dk c` :>>> c` ~mc`k co~mck
"4-7#)
Cm lzclioic`tk izme`d| be |idk midczedk gs`deoc`temoc`tc ~kz me| cr~kztelik`c|. Y em gi`em dc mk| 9> di|~k`e dc s`e je/
me`ve lkoczliem crlcdc`tezie dcm 5># dcm ^IJ- lkok lk`|clsc`lie dcm aze` i`lzcoc`tk dcm |cltkz TIL. Cm |cltkz cmcltz`i/
lk ~eztili~e c` o| dc s` tczlik dc me| cr~kztelik`c| izme`dc|e|- y s` tczlik dc mk| ^L| wc`didk| c` Cszk~e be` |idk ge/
jziledk| c` Izme`de. Edilik`emoc`tc- Izme`de c| ebkze cm oeykz cr~kztedkz dcm os`dk dc ~zkdsltk| dc |kgtqezc- bejic`dk
|s~czedk e S\E. C` tkz`k em 4># dc mk| ~eusctc| dc |kgtqezc y cm 7># dc me| e~milelik`c| e co~zc|e| dc |kgtqezc wc`/didk| c` Cszk~e |k` ~zkdslidk| c` Izme`de
Cm io~sm|kz dc c|te c|tzsltsze lkoczliem be |idk me I`wcz|i` Dizclte Crtze`fcze "IDC)- usc |s~k`c me| dk| tczlcze| ~eztc|
dcm kst~st ~zkdslidk y o| dcm 2># dc me| cr~kztelik`c| oe`sgeltszcze|.
GSC@TC6 I`ds|tziem Dcwcmk~oc`t Eac`ly "IDE)8 Azcc`- Z. ":>>>) y cmejkzeli` ~zk~ie.
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- lk` 1 leo~s| c` tkdk cm ~e|6 Jkojey- Dcmbi- Hbezea~sz-
Heo~sz- Oedz|- Asqebeti- Zkkzhcc.
I`die` I`|titstc kg \lic`lc- Je`aemkzc. S`e I`|titsli` lc`tc`ezie- usc `k |mk c| s`e s`iwcz|ided- |i`k usc e`e |s el/
tiwided cdsledkze lk` s`e aze` eltiwided dc i`wc|tiaeli` y lk` s` lc`tzk dc lk`|smtkze- cm Lc`tzc gkz \lic`tigil e`dI`ds|tziem Lk`|smte`ly- mk usc me lk`wicztc c` cm ocfkz cr~k`c`tc dc s`e i`|titsli` usc lkkzdi`e me ~kmtile asjcz`e/
oc`tem lk` me cdsleli` y lk` me co~zc|e.
j) Lzceli` dc i`gzec|tzsltsze tcl`kmaile
^ezusc| Tcl`kmailk|. Je|`dk|c c` i`|titslik`c| eledoile| dc aze` ~zc|tiaik y gscztcoc`tc c|~cliemivede|- usc
~zkdslc` e`semoc`tc mk| ocfkzc| y o| ~zc~ezedk| temc`tk| dc me I`die- me lisdedc| usc me| lkjife` emjczae` i`|tits/
lik`c| dc i`wc|tiaeli` c|tetemc| y ~ezusc| tcl`kmailk| lk` `soczk|e| co~zc|e|. Mk| tzc| eac`tc| i`tczelte` y |clko~mcoc`te`- y dc c|te| zcmelik`c| |emc` `soczk|k| ritk| c` i``kweli`. C` cm le|k dc Je`aemkzc- lk` |s I`|titstk
dc Lic`lie|- bey < ~ezusc| tcl`kmailk|6 cm \kgtqezc Tclb`kmkay ^ezh- cm I`tcz`etik`em Tclb ^ezh Mioitcd y me Cmcltzk/
`il| Lity y 54 i`|titslik`c| dc i`wc|tiaeli` c|tetemc|.
Lms|tcz|. Mk| lms|tcz| |c be` lk`wcztidk c` io~zc|li`dijmc| ~eze cm ritk dc me I(D(i lk` kjfctk dc gkoc`tez me| lkmejk/
zelik`c| y lko~mcoc`tez le~elidedc| dc i`wc|tiaeli`- tl`ile| c i`gkzotile| y me| dcoe`de| dc me| co~zc|e| y
lc`tzk| dc i`wc|tiaeli`.
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- me cdsleli` zc~zc|c`/
t cm ::# dcm ~zc|s~sc|tk `elik`em y cm ae|tk ~jmilk |kmk |s~s|k s` tczlik dcm ae|tk tktem c` cdsleli`. Me i`wcz|i` c`
cdsleli` be lk`|casidk s` `iwcm dc gkzoeli` ac`czem cmcwedk y- em oi|ok tico~k- |c be lk`lc`tzedk c` oetczie| dc
lic`lie| c i`ac`icze|- eoje| c|c`liemc| te`tk ~eze |eti|gelcz me| `clc|idedc| dc me| co~zc|e| mklemc| lkok ~eze ede~/
tez- e|ioimez- ocfkzez y zc~zkdsliz me tcl`kmkae io~kztede.
j) ^kmtile tcl`kmaile
Tze`|gczc`lie dc tcl`kmkae. Cm ~ziocz kjfctiwk dc Lkzce gsc ~zkokwcz cm gmsfk dc tcl`kmkae dc`tzk dcm ~e|. Lkzce `k
|iasi me we tzedilik`em dc edusiziz milc`lie| crtze`fcze|- |i`k usc- c` |s msaez- k~t ~kz io~kztez jic`c| dc le~item. C|tc
~scdc bejcz |idk cm otkdk o| ~zkdsltiwk dc tze`|gczc`lie dc tcl`kmkae- ~sc| e tzew| dc me i`ac`icze i`wcz|e- cm
~e| lk`|iasi oe`tc`cz s`e liczte i`dc~c`dc`lie tcl`kmaile e ocdik ~mevk.
I(D ~zk~ie. Me i`lkz~kzeli`- e|ioimeli` y digs|i` dc me tcl`kmkae c` me| i`ds|tzie| mklemc| be zc~zc|c`tedk cm |c/
as`dk kjfctiwk dc me ~kmtile tcl`kmaile lkzce`e. Lk` cm gi` dc mkazez c|tc kjfctiwk- cm Akjicz`k lkzce`k lzc s`
c`tkz`k ~kmtilk usc |c`|ijmc e me lzceli` dc le~elidedc| ~eze me I(D c` me| co~zc|e| y ~eze elcmczez mk| ~zklc/|k| dc digs|i`- tze`|gczc`lie y ede~teli`. ^eze ~zkoklik`ez me I(D- cm Akjicz`k edk~t s` lk`fs`tk dc i`lc`ti/
wk|6 crc`li` dc io~sc|tk| y crc`li` dcm |czwilik oimitez ~eze cm ~cz|k`em lmewc. C|tk| i`lc`tiwk|- lkoji`edk|
lk` cm ritk dc mk| lc`tzk| ~jmilk| dc I(D oktiwezk` e me| co~zc|e| e c|tejmclcz lc`tzk| ~zk~ik|. C`tzc 591> y
5921- |c ~e| dc 5 e 7>4 lc`tzk| ~ziwedk| dc I(D y cm ae|tk c` I(D c` cm |cltkz oe`sgeltszczk lzcli dc|dc :: oi/
mmk`c| dc dmezc| e 5.4>>. S`e gscztc le~elided dc ej|kzli`- s`e |s|te`liem i`wcz|i` c` I(D y s` c`tkz`k ~kmtilk
y clk`oilk c|tejmc be` eysdedk e Lkzce e ~e|ez e |cz s` ~e| lk` s` emtk `iwcm dc i``kweli` dc je|c tcl`kmai/
le.
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# dc |s ^@J ~zklcde dc me eysde dc mk| C|tedk| S`idk|. C` oc`k| dc 3> ek| be ~e|edk dc
|cz s` ~e| dc eazilsmtsze dc |sj|i|tc`lie e s` ~e| i``kwedkz.
@k kj|te`tc- c` me eltsemided- Lkzce lkoic`ve e c`gzc`tez|c e kj|tlsmk| ~eze io~kztez tcl`kmkae- ye usc ktzk| ~e|c|
i`ds|tziemivedk|- usc lko~itc` c` mk| oi|ok| oczledk|- ~scdc` zc|i|tiz|c e tze`|gcziz tcl`kmkae e c|tc ~e|. C|tk c| ~ez/
tilsmezoc`tc ~zckls~e`tc- ye usc oslbe dc me emte tcl`kmkae lkzce`e |c lc`tzemive c` lbecjkm| k lk`amkoczedk| dc
aze`dc| osmti`elik`emc| lkok- ~kz cfco~mk- \eo|s`a- Akmd|tez y Bys`dei. Me c|tzsltsze dc c|tk| lk`amkoczedk|- usc
diczk` e Lkzce c|tejimided dsze`tc |s| cte~e| i`iliemc| dc lzclioic`tk- ~scdc ebkze lk`wcztiz|c c` s` kj|tlsmk ~eze cm
lzclioic`tk c` me ocdide c` usc ye `k |k` te` aimc| y dc~c`dc` gscztcoc`tc dc i`|sok| io~kztedk|.
GSC@TC6 KLDC ":>>:) y cmejkzeli` ~zk~ie.
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5.:. LK@KLIOIC@TK Y AKJCZ@EJIMIDED
Zcmelik`c| c`tzc me lic`lie- me tc`lkmkae y me akjcz`ejimided
Cri|tc` diwcz|k| `asmk| dc|dc mk| usc |c ~scdc` e`emivez me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc me lic`lie- me tcl`kmkae y me ak/jcz`ejimided. \i` cojezak- c` ~kle| kle|ik`c| |c be ejkzdedk cm e`mi|i| dc me| maile| usc ~eztili~e` c` c|te|
zcmelik`c|- usiv ~kzusc |c be lk`|idczedk usc ~cztc`clc` e c|gcze| osy digczc`tc|- te`tk ~kz |s| lk`tc`idk|
lkok ~kz |s| eltkzc|. Me lsc|ti` ~zi`li~em `k c|t te`tk c` me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae- lsye
lezeltcziveli` be idk cwkmslik`e`dk lk` cm tico~k be|te usc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae be` mmcaedk e lk`wczacz
c` soczk|k| leo~k| c` s` ojitk ~zltileoc`tc `ilk- me tcl`klic`lie- |i`k c` |s wi`lsmeli` lk` me akjcz`e/
jimided y c` cm zclk`klioic`tk y wemkzeli` dc c|te| zcmelik`c| ~kz ~eztc dc me| l~sme| ~kmtile| y mk| akjicz`k|.
C| licztk usc cri|tc s` zclk`klioic`tk tlitk- usc c|t cr~mlitk c` tkdk| mk| di|lsz|k| ~kmtilk| okdcz`k|- dcm
wemkz dcm lk`klioic`tk y dcm ~kdcz dc me tcl`kmkae. \i` cojezak- lse`dk |c ~e|e e me elli` y e me edk~li` dc
~zikzidedc|- `soczk|k| ~e|c| e` zcmcae` me i`wc|tiaeli` lic`tgile y tcl`kmaile e s` ojitk |cltkziem ~czigzi/
lk- |i` lk`lcdczmc me io~kzte`lie usc mc lkzzc|~k`dc c` me| |klicdedc| okdcz`e|. E` e|- c| ~k|ijmc egizoez
usc lede wcv cri|tc` o| ~sc`tc| lk`lc~tsemc| y zcemc| usc be` gewkzclidk s`e oeykz i`tcazeli` dcm |i|tcoe
lic`tgilk tl`ilk- lk` |s| ~zk~ie| maile|- c` cm lk`fs`tk dcm |i|tcoe |kliem. Cr~zc|ik`c| lkok lic`lie y tcl`k/
mkae ~eze cm dc|ezzkmmk- lic`lie y tcl`kmkae ~eze me lko~ctitiwided- lic`lie y tcl`kmkae ~eze me lemided dc wide-
c`liczze` cm zclk`klioic`tk dc i`tczzcmelik`c| c io~eltk|.
^eze zcgkzvez c|te tc`dc`lie c| ~zcli|k lko~zc`dcz jic` me| maile| dkoi`e`tc| y dctczoi`ez mk| cmcoc`tk| y ez/
asoc`tk| usc ~czoite` lezeltczivez s` cfc usc c`melc me lic`lie- me tcl`kmkae y me akjcz`ejimided- lk`giasze`dk
s` c|~elik dc i`tczellik`c|- lko~zkoi|k| y zc|~k`|ejimidedc| c`tzc mk| eltkzc| io~miledk| c` mk| ~zklc|k| dc
ac`czeli` dc lk`klioic`tk| y tcl`kmkae| y c` mk| ~zklc|k| ~kmtilk| usc gs`deoc`te` me akjcz`ejimided dc/
oklztile.
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Bi|tzileoc`tc |c be zcmelik`edk e me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae lk` cm dc|ezzkmmk- beji`dk|c ac`czedk c` mk| ek|
7> y 1> tkde s`e lk`lc~tsemiveli` ~kz ~eztc dc mk| kzae`i|ok| i`tcz`elik`emc| dcm |i|tcoe dc @elik`c| S`ide|
dc me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc lic`lie- tcl`kmkae y dc|ezzkmmk- usc |iasc tkdewe wiac`tc. k|tczikzoc`tc- c` mk| ek| 2>
y 9>- cm okdcmk clk`oilk dkoi`e`tc i`tzkdsfk me lko~ctitiwided lkok oktkz dcm dc|ezzkmmk- |ceme`dk e me
lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae lkok geltkzc| dctczoi`e`tc| dc me lko~ctitiwided y c` lk`|clsc`lie- dcm dc|ezzkmmk clk/`oilk.
C` me eltsemided- cri|tc` scwk| cmcoc`tk| usc be` ~me`tcedk leojik| ~zkgs`dk| c` me| maile| dc mk| ~zklc|k|
dc kjtc`li` dcm lk`klioic`tk- e| lkok omti~mc| k~kzts`idedc| ~eze cm egie`veoic`tk dc me| zcmelik`c| lic`/
lie/tcl`kmkae/akjcz`ejimided- lkok cr~zc|i` dcm ~e~cm |kliem dcm dc|ezzkmmk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk. E|- lejc
litez- c`tzc ktzk|- me eo~mieli` dc me| e~milelik`c| c io~eltk| dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae- cm lzclic`tc ~zkteak/
`i|ok dc me| dcoe`de| |kliemc|- me ~zkgs`diveli` c` mk| ~zklc|k| dc dsemiveli` |kliem- te`tk c` cm i`tczikz dc
mk| ~e|c| lkok e `iwcm os`diem k mk| zcusczioic`tk| dc oeykzc| lkte| dc cgilelie y cgilic`lie c` me edoi`i|tze/
li` dc mk| zclsz|k| ~jmilk|.
Me lk`gkzoeli` dc c|tc cfc |c ~scdc lk`|idczez gzstk dc s`e cwkmsli` c` me usc be` c|tedk io~miledk| `soc/
zk|k| geltkzc|. C` |s `lmck lc`tzem- me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae |k` c|~elik| digczc`liedk| lk` maile| lko~mc/
oc`tezie|- ~czk cri|tc s` azedic`tc dc|dc me i`dc~c`dc`lie be|te me gs|i` usc ac`cze s` c|~elik dc i`tczzcme/li` y |i`czaie- lk` s`e maile ~zk~ie- me maile dcm |i|tcoe lic`tgilk/tl`ilk "\LT). Me cwkmsli` dc me| maile|
dcm \LT be gelimitedk me lk`gkzoeli` dc mk| |i|tcoe| dc i``kweli` lkok cr~zc|i` o| ewe`vede dc me i`tc/
azeli` dc cmcoc`tk| lic`tgilk|- tcl`kmailk|- clk`oilk| y |kliemc| usc- ac`czemoc`tc- aize` c` tkz`k e zcme/
lik`c| i`|titslik`emc| osmti~kmezc| y jidizcllik`emc| c` cm ji`koik kgczte/dcoe`de.
Akjcz`ejimided c| s` lk`lc~tk zcmetiweoc`tc digs|k. Me akjcz`ejimided |c e|klie lk` me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc me \k/
licded y cm C|tedk- gs`deoc`temoc`tc e tzew| dcm ~kdcz ~kmtilk. Me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc me \klicded y cm C|tedk c`
s` |i|tcoe dcoklztilk io~mile` me ~eztili~eli` dc me |klicded e tzew| dc s` ~eltk y s` c|uscoe dc lk`|c`|k
c` tkz`k e me| zcame| dc fscak- c|~cliemoc`tc cm zc|~ctk e me| I`|titslik`c| y me elc~teli` dc me| dcli|ik`c| tk/
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oede| dcoklztileoc`tc. Hesgoe`` dcgi`c me akjcz`ejimided lkok cm lk`fs`tk dc tzedilik`c| c i`|titslik`c|
ocdie`tc me| lsemc| |c cfczlc me estkzided c` s` ~e| c` ~k| dcm jic` lko`. Uscde` lko~zc`didk| c| c|te dc/
gi`ili` cm ~zklc|k dc cmclli`- |s~czwi|i` y zcco~mevk dc usic`c| cfczlc` c|te estkzided "me dioc`|i` ~kmtile)-
me le~elided dcm akjicz`k ~eze ac|tik`ez cgilevoc`tc mk| zclsz|k| y ~k`cz c` ~zltile ~kmtile| elcztede| "me di/
oc`|i` clk`oile) y cm zc|~ctk dc mk| lisdede`k| y dcm C|tedk ~kz me| i`|titslik`c| dcm ~e| "me dioc`|i` dcmzc|~ctk i`|titslik`em).
Me akjcz`ejimided dcoklztile |c gs`deoc`te y |c kzic`te e gewkzclcz s`e lk`wiwc`lie c` me usc tkdk| ae`c` e
tzew| dc me mijczted je|ede c` me ~mszemided y c` me tkmcze`lie- me cusided- me |caszided- te`tk fszdile lkok dc |e/
ti|gelli` dc mk| dczclbk| e me cdsleli`- me |emsd y me| `clc|idedc| j|ile|- me lkbc|i` |kliem y cm jic`c|tez.
Mk| eltkzc| io~miledk| c` me akjcz`ejimided |k` osy weziedk| y bctczka`ck|- io~mile`dk em lk`fs`tk dc me |k/
licded- gs`deoc`temoc`tc me |klicded kzae`ivede. Cm tcfidk lk`|titsidk ~kz me| I`|titslik`c| ~jmile| y ~ziwede|-
|i`diletk|- kzae`ivelik`c| co~zc|eziemc|- ocdik| dc lkos`ileli` y tkdk cm lk`fs`tk dc kzae`ivelik`c| i`tcz/
ocdie|- usc `slmce` i`tczc|c| y le`emive` k~i`ik`c|- c| gs`deoc`tem ~eze me eztilsmeli` dc s`e |klicded dcok/
lztile y ~eze me akjcz`ejimided. Fs`tk em |sj|tzetk usc lk`|titsyc` me| kzae`ivelik`c| |kliemc|- mk| eltkzc| zc|/
~k`|ejmc| dc lzcez me| lk`dilik`c| ~eze me akjcz`ejimided dcoklztile y dcm akjicz`k |k` mk| ~eztidk| ~kmtilk|-
usc le`emive` me ~eztili~eli` dc mk| lisdede`k| c` me tkoe dc dcli|ik`c|- te`tk c` cm ~kdcz mcai|metiwk lkok c`
cm cfclstiwk. Me ~mszemided y zc~zc|c`tetiwided dcm |i|tcoe dc ~eztidk| ~kmtilk| lk`|titsyc s`e dc me| lmewc| dc meakjcz`ejimided.
C` mk| ~e|c| o| dc|ezzkmmedk|- me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc me lic`lie/tcl`kmkae y me akjcz`ejimided ~scdc usc- c` em/as`k| le|k|- `k |ce` osy cr~mlite|- ~czk c|t` ~zc|c`tc| c` cm lk`fs`tk dc me| ~kmtile|- lkok lk`|clsc`lie
dc me e|ioimeli` c i`tczikziveli` dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae c` me| di`oile| |kliemc| y clk`oile|. C` me
S`i` Cszk~ce- dc|dc cm Elte `ile Cszk~ce "5927) y lk` mk| |slc|iwk| Tzetedk| dc Oee|tzilbt- o|tczdeo y
@ive- me ~kmtile lic`tgile y tcl`kmaile be |idk i`lkz~kzede lkok s`e ~kmtile lko`- zclk`klic`dk dc c|te gkz/
oe cm wemkz c|tzetailk dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae c` me lk`|tzslli` dcm c|~elik ~kmtilk cszk~ck y ewe`ve`dk
c` cm di|ck dc i`|tzsoc`tk| usc e|klie` cm dc|ezzkmmk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk lk` me| dcoe`de| |kliemc| y me|
~zikzidedc| ~kmtile|.
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C` mk| ~e|c| dc oc`kz dc|ezzkmmk cri|tc s` ~zkjmcoe dc zclk`klioic`tk ~zltilk dc me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc me
lic`lie/tcl`kmkae y me akjcz`ejimided. \c lk`|tete s`e lk`tzedilli` cwidc`tc c`tzc cm di|lsz|k ~kmtilk- c`
cm usc |scmc bejcz s` zclk`klioic`tk tlitk dcm ~e~cm c|tzetailk dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae y me ~zltile dc
me| ~kmtile| ~jmile|- usc zezeoc`tc lk`|idcze` |sgilic`tcoc`tc cm dc|ezzkmmk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk y cm gk/
oc`tk dc me i``kweli`. Cri|tc` ~zkjmcoe| dc i`|titslik`emided- dc sjileli` c` cm kzae`iazeoe asjcz`eoc`/tem- dc eztilsmeli` y dc gi`e`lieli`. Lic`lie y tcl`kmkae |scmc` |cz s`e ~k|tczikzided y cm ~e~cm dcm akjicz`k
lkok oktkz dc me i``kweli` |scmc |cz e`cldtilk. \i |c zclk`klc me io~kzte`lie dcm lk`klioic`tk- dcm dc|e/
zzkmmk tcl`kmailk y dc me i``kweli`- ~kz us `k |c |emte me jezzcze dc me| dcli|ik`c| ~kmtile|;. ^zkjejmc/
oc`tc mk| ~zkjmcoe| c|t` c` cm i`tczikz dcm |i|tcoe lic`tgilk/tl`ilk y c` me ~czlc~li` dc me lic`lie y me
tcl`kmkae ~kz me |klicded- mk usc |c zcmelik`e lk` me lsmtsze lic`tgile. Me lk`|kmideli` dcm cfc lic`lie/tcl/
`kmkae/|klicded zcusiczc me i`tcazeli` dc me| maile| dcm |i|tcoe lic`tgilk lk` me| maile| dcm |i|tcoe |k/
liem.
Dioc`|ik`c| dcm cfc lic`lie tcl`kmkae akjcz`ejimided.
C` me lezeltcziveli` dcm cfc lic`lie/tcl`kmkae/akjcz`ejimided |c ~scdc` |c ~scdc` lk`|idczez tzc| dioc`|ik/
`c|6
K~kzts`idedc| usc kgzclc` me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae ~eze gewkzclcz me akjcz`ejimided.
Dcoe`de| usc me akjcz`ejimided ~me`tce e me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae.
Digilsmtedc| usc ~me`tce` me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae e me akjcz`ejimided.
Dc`tzk dc me dioc`|i` dc me| k~kzts`idedc|- me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae tic`c` s` ~e~cm i`|tzsoc`tem lk` zcmeli`e emas`k| dc mk| kjfctiwk| dc me akjcz`ejimided. \c ~scdc` |cemez lsetzk ojitk| usc- e |s wcv- c`liczze` `s/
oczk|e| ~k|ijimidedc| dc i`tczelli`.
Cm ~ziocz ojitk |c zcgiczc e me lk`tzijsli` dc me| lic`lie| |kliemc| e me lko~zc`|i` dc mk| ~zkjmcoe| y e|~ize/
lik`c| dc me |klicded- e| lkok e me lk`gkzoeli` dc s`e lisdede`e dcoklztile. Me e~kzteli` dc me| lic`lie|
|kliemc| c| c|~cliemoc`tc zcmcwe`tc ~eze cm di|ck dc ~kmtile| y me dcgi`ili` dc kjfctiwk| ~zikzitezik| ~eze ocfk/
zez me i`tcazeli` y lkbc|i` |kliem.
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Cm |cas`dk ojitk i`lmsyc me lk`tzijsli` dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae c` mk| |i|tcoe| cdsletiwk|- te`tk e tzew|
dc me eltsemiveli` dc mk| lk`tc`idk| dklc`tc| lkok ~eze me ocfkze dc mk| otkdk| didltilk|- i`lmsyc`dk me|
k~kzts`idedc| usc kgzclc` mk| ewe`lc| c` me| tcl`kmkae| dc me i`gkzoeli`- c|~cliemoc`tc- c` me cdsleli` e
di|te`lie y c` cm ellc|k e me i`gkzoeli` e tzew| dc i`tcz`ct. Me crtc`|i` dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile y |s| wemkzc| zc/
melik`edk| lk` me zelik`emided- cm ziakz y cm c|~zits lztilk lk`tzijsyc` e me| gs`lik`c| dcm |i|tcoe cdsletiwk y e megkzoeli` dc s`e lisdede`e eltiwe c` me| i``kwelik`c| |kliemc|.
Cm tczlcz ojitk |c zcmelik`e ~mc`eoc`tc lk` me |eti|gelli` dc me| dcoe`de| |kliemc|- e|~cltk usc c|t c` cm
lkzev` dc me akjcz`ejimided. Eltsemoc`tc |k` i`di|lstijmc| me| k~kzts`idedc| usc kgzclc` cm lk`klioic`tk lic`/
tgilk y me| tcl`kmkae| c` mk| leo~k| o| zcmcwe`tc| dc|dc cm ~s`tk dc wi|te dc me| dcoe`de| |kliemc|- lkok me
|emsd- wiwic`de- tze`|~kztc- wide szje`e- |czwilik| ~jmilk|- lk`dilik`c| dc tzejefk y ocdik eojic`tc. Cm dc|ezzk/
mmk y stimiveli` dc tcl`kmkae| |kliemc| tic`c` s` io~eltk dizcltk c` me lemided dc wide y lk`tzijsyc` e gewkzclcz
me akjcz`ejimided.
Cm lseztk ojitk i`lmsyc me| k~kzts`idedc| usc kgzclc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae c` me ocfkze dc me ac|ti` dcm lk/
`klioic`tk y dc mk| ~zklc|k| ~zkdsltiwk| y c` me i``kweli` dc jic`c| y |czwilik|. Cm `iwcm lic`tgilk y tcl`kmai/
lk |c zcmelik`e lkok |c be e`emivedk e`tczikzoc`tc- lk` cm dc|ezzkmmk clk`oilk y- c` lk`|clsc`lie- lk` mk| i/
wcmc| dc wide dc me ~kjmeli`.
Me |cas`de dioc`|i` dc me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae lk` me akjcz`ejimided |c zcgiczc e me| dcoe`/de| usc ~me`tce c|te mtioe. Me| k~kzts`idedc| usc |c be` dc|lzitk e`tczikzoc tc lk`|titsyc` ye s` oezlk dc zcgc/
zc`lie ~eze cmejkzez dcoe`de| lk`lzcte|. Edilik`emoc`tc- |c ~scdc` |cemez lsetzk ti~k| dc dcoe`de| cr~mlite|.
Me ~ziocze |c zcgiczc e mk| detk| lic`tgilk| ~eze me tkoe dc dcli|ik`c| y k~lik`c| ~kmtile| lk` oc`kz zic|ak- c|/
~cliemoc`tc c` tcoe| lk` io~milelik`c| tcl`kmaile|- usc e |s wcv tic`c` s`e lzclic`tc io~kzte`lie c` me oeyk/
ze dc me| ~kmtile| ~jmile|- lk`|idcze`dk te`tk cm ~e~cm dc mk| C|tedk| lkok ~zkoktkzc|- lkok cm dc zc|~k`|e/
jmc| dc me zcasmeli`. C|tc leo~k |c zcmelik`e lk` me ~zk|~cltiwe y cwemseli` tcl`kmaile.
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Cm |cas`dk ti~k dc dcoe`de| i`lmsyc me| usc |c gkzosme` ~eze cm oe`cfk dc lzi|i|- te`tk e tzew| dc me ~zcwi|i`
y ~zcwc`li`- lkok me| ~zkdslide| ~kz ellidc`tc| kle|ik`emc|- c|~cliemoc`tc c` mk| ojitk| dc me |emsd y dcm
ocdik eojic`tc.
Cm tczlcz ti~k dc dcoe`de| |c zcmelik`e lk` me di|oi`sli` dc me| eoc`eve| e me akjcz`ejimided. Lede ~e| ~sc/dc cwemsez me| ~zi`li~emc| eoc`eve| y gkzosmez dcoe`de| dc lk`klioic`tk| lic`tgilk| y tcl`kmkae| ~eze lk`tzi/
jsiz e zc|kmwcz ~zkjmcoe| lk`lzctk| lkok- ~kz cfco~mk- me ~kjzcve- me dc|iasemded- me i`|caszided- me oezai`e/
li`- me lkzzs~li`- me dc|`stzili`- mk| dc|cusimijzik| dcokazgilk|- me wide c` me| ocae lisdedc| y me wikmc`lie.
Cm lseztk ti~k io~mile dcoe`de| dc lic`lie y tcl`kmkae ~eze me ~zk~ie ac|ti` asjcz`eoc`tem. Dc|dc c|tc ~s`tk
dc wi|te- cm C|tedk ~scdc |cz cm ~ziocz eac`tc dc me okdcz`iveli` y dc me i``kweli` e tzew| dc |s e~ezetk kz/
ae`ivetiwk y gs`lik`em.
Cm eje`ilk dc dcoe`de| usc |c be` |cemedk osc|tze e me akjcz`ejimided lkok dcoe`de`tc cr~mlitk y s|sezik
eltiwk dc lic`lie y tcl`kmkae- gewkzclic`dk me| i`tczzcmelik`c| c io~eltk| ostsk|.
Me tczlcze dioc`|i` |c zcgiczc e me| digilsmtedc| y dimcoe| usc ~me`tce me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae e me akjcz`ejimi/
ded. \c tzedslc` c` io~milelik`c| tile| e me bkze dc gkoc`tez dctczoi`edk| dc|ezzkmmk| lic`tgilk| y tcl`kmai/
lk| lkok- ~kz cfco~mk- c` cm ojitk oimitez y dc me jikmkae bsoe`e y e me bkze dc e~milez tcl`kmkae| lk` gzk`tc/
ze| digs|e|- lkok me| io~milelik`c| dc me i`gkzotile c` me ~zktclli` dc me lk`gidc`liemided dc detk| ~cz|k`emc|.Mk| dimcoe| |c ~me`tce` c` s` eo~mik ze`ak dc tcoe|- dc|dc mk| io~eltk| dc me edk~li` dc dctczoi`ede| tcl/
`kmkae| |kjzc cm co~mck y mk| okdk| dc ~zkdslli` y lkoczliemiveli`- be|te mk| dcziwedk| dc mk| lk|tc| usc
io~mile` me ac`czemiveli` dc liczte| tcl`kmkae| |e`itezie| y me| lk`|clsc`lie| dc me ac`czemiveli` dc tcl`kmka/
e| jikmaile|- lkok me ~zkdslli` dc ~me`te| tze`|a`ile|.
4>
C|te| digilsmtedc| y dimcoe| kjmiae` e me tkoe dc dcli|ik`c| ~kmtile| c` tcoe| dk`dc `k bey lk`|c`|k|
c`tzc mk| azs~k| |kliemc| c io~mile` zctk| ~eze me akjcz`ejimided. C| usiv c` c|tk| le|k| dk`dc- |i jic`
mk| ~zkjmcoe| wic`c` dcziwedk| dcm dc|ezzkmmk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk- me lic`lie y tcl`kmkae |k` e |s wcv-
usic`c| ~scdc` eysdez e usc me tkoe dc dcli|ik`c| |ce o| elcztede- ocdie`tc me ~zkgs`diveli` c` mk|
lk`klioic`tk|- me cwemseli` dc me| emtcz`etiwe| y dc mk| zic|ak| y me edclsede dcgi`ili` dc me| ~zikzide/
dc| c` me| ~kmtile| lic`tgile| y tcl`kmaile|- e` e|soic`dk usc c` lic`lie y tcl`kmkae c| osy diglim
~k`cz moitc|- ~sc|tk usc mk usc |c ~scdc belcz c` i`wc|tiaeli` |c eleje belic`dk- i`dc~c`dic`tcoc`tc
dc me| ~zikzidedc|- me| `kzoe| y ktzk ti~k dc lk`|idczelik`c|.
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Cm lezltcz estkelcmczedk dcm leojik tcl`kmailk y cm ~e~cm lede wcv o| ~zktea`ilk dc me| co~zc|e| ~ziwede|
lkok ~zkdsltkze| dc lk`klioic`tk y tcl`kmkae| i`lzcoc`tez` ~zcwi|ijmcoc`tc c` cm gstszk mk| dimcoe| usc me
lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae ~me`tce e me akjcz`ejimided.
Lk`|clsc`lie| dc me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc lk`klioic`tk y akjcz`ejimided
Me lk`|kmideli` dc me| wi`lsmelik`c| dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae lk` me akjcz`ejimided tic`c lk`|clsc`lie| |k/
jzc `soczk|k| geltkzc|- lkok me i`|titslik`emiveli` dc me| eltiwidedc| zcmelik`ede| lk` me lic`lie y me tcl`kmk/
ae- me etszemcve dc me| ~kmtile| ~jmile| ~eze me I(D- me| maile| dc me lkos`ided lic`tgile- me lsmtsze ~kmtile y cm
~e~cm dc me |klicded.
S`e ~ziocze ~zcas`te usc ~scdc gkzosmez|c c| |kjzc me edclseli` dc me kzae`iveli` i`|titslik`em eltsem dc me
lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae ~eze cm lso~mioic`tk dc me| `scwe| oi|ik`c|- c|~cliemoc`tc me| zcmelik`ede| lk` me ak/
jcz`ejimided. Cri|tc s`e aze` wezicded c` me kzae`iveli` i`|titslik`em dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae c` mk| digczc`/
tc| ~e|c|. C` me oeykze dc mk| usc tic`c` s` emtk dc|ezzkmmk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk cri|tc s` C|tedk lk` s`e
gscztc le~elided ~eze me ~zkokli` y me kzic`teli` dc me| eltiwidedc| dc I(D- s` lk`fs`tk dc Kzae`i|ok| c` cm
|cltkz ~jmilk- i`lmsyc`dk me| S`iwcz|idedc|- usc aeze`tive` s`e| le~elidedc| lic`tgile| y tcl`kmaile| y s`
|cltkz co~zc|eziem usc ac`cze y tze`|giczc lk`klioic`tk y ~zkdslc i``kwelik`c|. C` mk| ~e|c| dc oc`kz dc|e/zzkmmk- c|tc tzi`asmk dc eltkzc| `k c|t cusimijzedk y |s| i`tczellik`c| |k` djimc|.
C|tk| ~me`tceoic`tk| io~mile` `k |kmeoc`tc me `clc|ided dc eztilsmez c i`tcazez me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae
lk` cm |cltkz ~zkdsltiwk- |i`k teoji`- y osy c|~cliemoc`tc- lk` me| kzae`ivelik`c| |kliemc| y me| i`|tits/
lik`c| ~jmile|. C|tk `k| mmcwe e okdcmk| kzae`ivetiwk| lk` s`e oeykz ~eztili~eli` y bctczkac`cided- i`/
lmsyc`dk mk usc Ia`elik Ewemk|- cr ^zc|idc`tc dcm LK@ILIT dc Wc`cvscme- dcgi`c lkok mk| io~ezc|- c`
edili` e mk| ~ezc|- usc be` |idk le|i mk| `ilk| eltkzc| lk` wkv c` cm lk`licztk dc me kzae`iveli` dc melic`lie y me tcl`kmkae. Me lzclic`tc io~kzte`lie dc me| zcdc| lkok okdcmk kzae`ivetiwk dc me I(D- gelimite me
cri|tc`lie dc c|tzsltsze| gmcrijmc|- bjzide| y ~eztili~etiwe| c` me| usc tic`c` lejide `soczk|k| eltkzc| bc/
tczka`ck|.
S`e edclsede zcmeli` c`tzc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae y me akjcz`ejimided zcusiczc usc me| ~kmtile| ~jmile| ~eze
me I(D lk`tco~mc` me| k~kzts`idedc| usc kgzclc` cm dc|ezzkmmk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk- me| dcoe`de| |kliemc|
usc zcusiczc` ac`czeli` y stimiveli` dc lk`klioic`tk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk y me| digilsmtedc| y dimcoe| usc |c
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be` i`diledk e`tczikzoc`tc. E tzew| dc me| ~kmtile| ~eze me I(D- cm C|tedk cfczlc |s ~e~cm dc ~zkoktkz- gelimite/
dkz y kzic`tedkz dc me| eltiwidedc| dc I(D- e| lkok |s ~e~cm lk`lszzc`tc c` me gi`e`lieli` dc me| oi|oe|. Cm
lk`fs`tk dc me| ~kmtile| ~jmile| lk`|titsyc s`e gsc`tc dc dcoe`de| c i`|sok| ~eze me| eltiwidedc| lic`tgile| y
tcl`kmaile|.
Mk| kjfctiwk| dc me akjcz`ejimided ~me`tce` me ~zcas`te dc us lic`lie y us tcl`kmkae zc|~k`dc` o| elczte/
deoc`tc e mk| oi|ok| y- c` lk`|clsc`lie- lsemc| |k` me| ~zikzidedc| o| edclsede|. Fs`tk em di|ck dc me|
~zikzidedc|- me| ~kmtile| lic`tgile| y tcl`kmaile| dcjc` aeze`tivez me |k|tc`ijimided dc mk| c|gsczvk| c` I(D-
lk`|idcze`dk cm io~eltk usc c|te| eltiwidedc| tic`c` c` cm ocdik y mezak ~mevk y me wsm`czejimided dc me| kzae`i/
velik`c| lic`tgile|. Cm C|tedk dcjc- edco|- aeze`tivez me e~zk~ieli` |kliem dcm lk`klioic`tk y |s digs|i`- zc/
asme`dk me tc`dc`lie lzclic`tc e me e~zk~ieli` ~ziwede dcm oi|ok.
Cm lk`tcrtk dc me akjcz`ejimided ejzc me ~sczte e s`e| `scwe| ~kmtile| lic`tgile| y tcl`kmaile| je|ede| c` me
lkmejkzeli` y me lsmtsze dc me lkk~czeli` c`tzc mk| eltkzc|- o| usc c` me lsmtsze dc me lko~ctitiwided. Me wemk/
zeli` dcm lk`klioic`tk tlitk- me i`tcazeli` y me j|uscde dc me| |i`czaie| c`tzc me| le~elidedc| cri|tc`tc| dc/
jc` |cz wcltkzc| dkoi`e`tc| ~eze lk`tzijsiz e s`e oeykz cgilelie y cgilic`lie dc me| eltiwidedc| dc I(D ~zkokwi/
de| dc|dc cm |cltkz ~jmilk- |s~cze`dk ~kmtile| usc lk`tzijsyc` o| e me di|~cz|i` y etkoiveli` dc mk|
c|gsczvk| usc e |s ~ktc`lieli` ostse.
Cm ~e~cm dc me lkos`ided lic`tgile edusiczc s`e c|~cliem zcmcwe`lie lkok i`tczge|c c`tzc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmk/
ae y me |klicded. Cm ~zkazc|iwk zclk`klioic`tk dc me oktiweli` y dcdileli` usc criac` me| eltiwidedc| dc I(D
y me eo~mieli` dc c|te lkos`ided ~kz me lzclic`tc i`lkz~kzeli` dc i`wc|tiaedkzc| c` co~zc|e| dcm |cltkz ~zi/
wedk- c|~cliemoc`tc c` me| zce| lic`tgile| y tcl`kmaile| o| di`oile|- c|t` oezle`dk emas`e| `scwe| le/
zeltcz|tile| c` me |klikmkae dc me| lkos`idedc| lic`tgile| y c` |s wi`lsmeli` lk` me akjcz`ejimided. Me elc~te/
li` dc me ~czti`c`lie |kliem dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae c`tzc mk| ldiak| dc me lkos`ided lic`tgile- mk|gs`deoc`tk| tilk| dc me| i`wc|tiaelik`c| y |s ~e~cm ~zkeltiwk y lko~zkoi|k lk` me cwemseli` dc mk| io~eltk|
dc mk| dc|ezzkmmk| lic`tgilk| y tcl`kmailk|- |k` mk| e|~cltk| c` mk| usc me| lkos`idedc| lic`tgile| ~scdc`
lk`tzijsiz e gewkzclcz me akjcz`ejimided- e tzew| dc |s gs`li` dc i`tczge|c lk` mk| ~kdczc| ~jmilk| y lk` me |k/
licded.
Me eztilsmeli` dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae lk` me akjcz`ejimided zcusiczc- gi`emoc`tc- |s i`tcazeli` c` mk| wemk/
zc| y c` me lsmtsze- |s~k`ic`dk s` lko~zkoi|k dc lic`tgilk|- mcai|medkzc|- akjcz`e`tc|- ~eztidk| ~kmtilk|- eac`/
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tc| |kliemc|- ocdik| dc lkos`ileli` y cdsledkzc|. Io~mile- e |s wcv- me `clc|ided dc cmejkzez s` oezlk lk`/
lc~tsem y s` di|lsz|k usc |ce c`tc`didk ~kz me |klicded y e|soidk ~kz cm ~kdcz ~kmtilk.
Mk| moitc| dc me akjcz`ejimided `k tczoi`e` c` me| gzk`tcze| `elik`emc| `i c` me| dc mk| jmkusc| ackazgilk|
dc i`tcazeli`. Me os`diemiveli` dc me| gi`e`ve|- dc mk| okdk| dc ~zkdslli` y lkoczliemiveli` y dc me|lkos`ilelik`c| io~k`c `scwk| c|lc`ezik| ~eze me akjcz`ejimided dcoklztile y cm dc|ezzkmmk dc me| |klic/
dedc|. C` s`e c|leme amkjem- cm okdcmk dc lzclioic`tk dcokazgilk- me lk`lc`tzeli` dcm ~kdcz ~kmtilk-
clk`oilk- dc me i`gkzoeli` y dc me| lkos`ilelik`c|- me dsemiveli` dc mk| ~e|c| y dc me |klicded dc`tzk
dc |tk|- mk| gc`oc`k| dc zedilemiveli` y rc`kgkjie y mk| lzclic`tc| ~zklc|k| dc crlms|i` usc |ceme`
mk| i`diledkzc| dcm dc|ezzkmmk bsoe`k- ~me`tce` aze`dc| i`lcztidsojzc| |kjzc me akjcz`ejimided e c|leme
os`diem.
C` c|te| lk`dilik`c| |iasc wiac`tc me ~zcas`te usc gkzosmeje Zilezdk ctzcmme- dizcltkz dcm zkazeoe GE\T dc me
S`i` Cszk~ce- belc s`k| ek| |kjzc us lic`lie y us tcl`kmkae |k` me| e~zk~iede| ~eze s` os`dk dc 2.>>>
oimmk`c| dc ~cz|k`e| c` cm :>:>- lk` mk| lkzzc|~k`dic`tc| ~zkjmcoe| dc wiejimided- |k|tc`ijimided- lemided dc wi/
de y- c` lk`|clsc`lie- dc akjcz`ejimided amkjem.
Me lk`lc`tzeli` dc me| le~elidedc| lic`tgile| c` s`k| ~klk| ~e|c| y me| maile| c i`tczc|c| c` me dctczoi`e/
li` dc me| ~zikzidedc| ~eze cm dc|ezzkmmk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk usc cri|tc` eltsemoc`tc- |s~k`c` s`e mioite/
li` zcem- k ~eze lk`tc|tez e me ~zcas`te- |i`k ~eze ~k`cz c` elli` me zc|~sc|te. Me zc|~sc|te zcusiczc okwimivez
e me| lkos`idedc| lic`tgile| y e me| |klicdedc|- ~eze criaiz usc cm dc|ezzkmmk dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae lk`/
tco~mc me| i`lcztidsojzc| usc |c be` |cemedk y |c kzic`tc e gewkzclcz me i`lms|i` |kliem- me |kmidezided y me ak/
jcz`ejimided e c|leme amkjem- kjfctiwk| usc- c` lsemusicz le|k- dc~c`dc` gs`deoc`temoc`tc dc dcli|ik`c| ~kmti/
le|.
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c|tejmc| lc`tzede| c` me diwsmaeli` lic`tgile- lkok mk| os|ck|- ~me`ctezik|- le|e| dc me| lic`lie|- ~ezusc| `e/
tszemc|- lc`tzk| dc diwsmaeli` ocdikeojic`tem- c`tzc ktzk|- ~zkoscwc` s` lk`teltk i`tczeltiwk c`tzc me ~kjme/
li` y cm ojitk lic`tgilk. Me| gczie|- fkz`ede| dc ~sczte| ejiczte|- temmczc|- eltiwidedc| lk`ocokzetiwe| dc
cwc`tk| lic`tgilk| gelimite` me ~eztili~eli` lisdede`e y cm i`tcz| ~kz me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae. Cm gkoc`tk dc me
lsmtsze lic`tgile io~mile cm e~kyk e i`ilietiwe| ~eze gkztemclcz mk| ocdik| c i`|tzsoc`tk| ~eze me diwsmaeli` y cr/tc`|i` lic`tgile.
Mk| dc|ti`etezik| dc me| eltiwidedc| dc diwsmaeli` lic`tgile |k` cm lk`fs`tk dc me |klicded- |i jic` mk| digczc`tc|
ocdik| c i`|tzsoc`tk| ~scdc` c|tez gklemivedk| c` dctczoi`edk azs~k| dc cded- `iwcm lsmtszem c i`tcz| ~kz cm
lk`klioic`tk lic`tgilk. Bey usc tc`cz c` lsc`te usc cm ojitk dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile lko~itc- ac`czemoc`tc c`
dc|wc`tefe- lk` ktzk| oslbk| c|tosmk| c i`gkzoelik`c| |kjzc me zcemided dcm okoc`tk- o| zcmelik`ede| lk`
mk| i`tczc|c| o| ~zriok| dc mk| lisdede`k| y lk` me| ~zikzidedc| dc me lkys`tsze. C` c|tc |c`tidk- me| eoji/acdedc| c` me eztilsmeli` dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile lk` me lsmtsze lk`wc`lik`em- |s~k`c s`e digilsmted edilik`em.
Mk| azs~k| dc i`tcz| fscae` s` ~e~cm io~kzte`tc c` lk`dilik`ez me| ~czlc~lik`c| y k~i`ik`c| |kjzc me lic`lie y
me tcl`kmkae y c` mtiok tzoi`k c` lk`gkzoez me lsmtsze lic`tgile c` s`e |klicded. Kzae`ivelik`c|- e|klielik/
`c| y diwcz|k| azs~k| ~scdc` lizlsmez oc`|efc|- kzae`ivez leo~ee| y zcemivez ~zk|cmiti|ok usc ~scdc` gewkzc/
lcz me i`lsmtsze lic`tgile y me |csdklic`lie k ~kz cm lk`tzezik- lzcez lk`dilik`c| gewkzejmc| ~eze me i`gkzoeli`- me|
k~i`ik`c| gs`deoc`tede| y cm e`mi|i| lztilk. Me| e|klielik`c| lic`tgile| y mk| kzae`i|ok| dc i`wc|tiaeli` ~sc/
dc` fsaez s` ~e~cm di`eoivedkz c` c|tc |cas`dk |c`tidk.
Cm gkoc`tk dc c|tsdik| y e`mi|i| |kjzc mk| lk`dilik`e`tc| ~eze me ac`czemiveli` dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile c` s`e
|klicded dctczoi`ede- mk| moitc| dc me lkos`ileli` lic`tgile- me ~czlc~li` ~jmile |kjzc me lic`lie y me tcl`k/
mkae- mk| io~eltk| dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile c` me wemkziveli` |kliem dc me lic`lie y |kjzc me ~eztili~eli` lisdede/
`e c` cm akjicz`k dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae |k` io~kzte`tc| ~eze di|cez ~kmtile| cr~mlite| dc gkoc`tk dc melsmtsze lic`tgile. Mk| c|tsdik| c` cm ojitk dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile kgzclc`- edco|- s`e jsc`e k~kzts`ided ~eze
cm elczleoic`tk c`tzc me| lic`lie| |kliemc| y `etszemc|.
Lsmtsze lic`tgile em dc|ezzkmmk.
Me lsmtsze lic`tgile lkok c`tzeoedk dc lk`klioic`tk|- eltitsdc| y lko~kzteoic`tk| |kliemc| gzc`tc e me lic`lie
y me tcl`kmkae fscae s` io~kzte`tc ~e~cm c` cm dc|ezzkmmk ~cz|k`em- clk`oilk y |kliem. ^e~cm usc |c zcwemkzive
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lk`ti`seoc`tc c` me ocdide c` usc lzclc cm ~c|k dcm lk`klioic`tk lic`tgilk y me| e~milelik`c| dc me tcl`kmkae
c` me wide diezie y me| i``kwelik`c| ~zkdsltiwe| y |kliemc| c` |s dkjmc gelcte dc k~kzts`idedc| y zic|ak|.
Me eac`de dc me lkk~czeli` ~scdc i`lmsiz me lk`tzijsli` em dc|ezzkmmk dc le~elidedc| c` cm ojitk dc me cdsle/
li` y me diwsmaeli` lic`tgile- e tzew| dc |s| omti~mc| i`|tzsoc`tk| y ocdik|- e| lkok c` cm gkztemclioic`tk
dcm tcfidk e|klietiwk- kzae`ivetiwk c i`|titslik`em io~miledk c` me ~eztili~eli` eltiwe dc me |klicded c` me lko/
~zc`|i`- wemkzeli` y cwemseli` dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae. Me eac`de |c ~scdc lko~mcoc`tez lk` cm e~kyk e
c|tsdik| y e`mi|i| usc ~czoite` s` ocfkz lk`klioic`tk dc mk| lk`dilik`e`tc| y iwcm dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile. C` cm
`iwcm osmtimetczem- me eac`de dc me lkk~czeli` ~scdc i`lmsiz cm gkoc`tk dc zcdc| ~eze cm i`tczleojik dc cr~czic`/
lie|- oetcziemc| y cmejkzeli` dc ~zk~sc|te| lk`fs`te|.
Dc|dc s` ~s`tk dc wi|te k~czetiwk |c ~scdc ~me`tcez s`e dkjmc eltseli`- dc|dc cm gkoc`tk dc me lkk~czeli`
lsmtszem y dc me lkk~czeli` lic`tgile. Me| c|tzetcaie| dc me lkk~czeli` lsmtszem dcjc` i`lmsiz c` |s ~zkazeoe/
li` cm ojitk dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae dc|dc me ~cz|~cltiwe dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile- lzce`dk c|~elik| y elti/
widedc| kzic`tedk| e c|te gelcte dc me lsmtsze. Mk| Lc`tzk| lsmtszemc| c` cm crtczikz fscae` s` io~kzte`tc ~e~cm c`
cm gkoc`tk dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile c` mk| ~e|c|. ^ezemcmeoc`tc me lkk~czeli` lic`tgile i`tcz`elik`em dcjc lk`/
tco~mez c`tzc |s| kjfctiwk| c i`|tzsoc`tk| cm gkztemclioic`tk dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile.
3:
Me lsmtsze lic`tgile ~zk~kzlik`e e me| ~cz|k`e| s`e ocfkz lko~zc`|i` dc | oi|oe|- dc me `etszemcve- dc me
|klicded y dcm |i|tcoe lic`tgilk/tl`ilk. ^zk~ilie me okdcz`iveli` y cm ~e~cm eltiwk dc me |klicded- c` me oc/
dide c` usc esoc`te me le~elided dc e|ioimeli` dcm leojik- me |s~czeli` dc s`e ~k|ili` dc |io~mc zclc~/
tkz ~e|iwk dc me tcl`kmkae- cm e~zkwclbeoic`tk dc me| k~kzts`idedc| dcziwede| dc mk| `scwk| lk`klioic`tk| y
me ~k|ili` lztile y zc|~k`|ejmc gzc`tc e mk| zic|ak| y dimcoe| dcziwedk| dc mk| oi|ok|. Edco|- me lsmtsze
lic`tgile lk`tzijsyc em gkztemclioic`tk dc me dcoklzelie y e me akjcz`ejimided- e tzew| dc me ~eztili~eli` |kliem
c` me tkoe dc dcli|ik`c| y |s mcaitioiveli` c` cm ojitk dc me| ~kmtile| lic`tgile| y tcl`kmaile|. C` lk`lms/
|i`- me lsmtsze lic`tgile fscae s` ~e~cm io~kzte`tc c` me lk`|tzslli` dc lisdede`e c` cm os`dk eltsem.
Me lkk~czeli` i`tcz`elik`em `k ~scdc |cz efc`e em kjfctiwk dcm gkztemclioic`tk dc me lsmtsze lic`tgile lkok
geltkz dc dc|ezzkmmk. Cm gklk dc me| eltselik`c| dc me lkk~czeli` i`tcz`elik`em |c ~scdc |itsez te`tk c` mk|
lko~k`c`tc| usc lk`tzijsyc` em lzclioic`tk dc c|te lsmtsze lkok c` mk| lko~k`c`tc| usc de` cr~zc|i`
|kliem e me oi|oe.
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5.4. LK@KLIOIC@TK Y KJFCTIWK\ DC DC\EZZKMMK DCM OIMC@IK
@elik`c| S`ide| lk`wkl c` |c~ticojzc dc :>>> s`e Lk`gczc`lie os`diem c` me usc tkdk| mk| ~e|c| elkzdezk`
me Dclmezeli` dcm Oimc`ik. Me zcdslli` dc me ~kjzcve y cm dc|ezzkmmk |k|tc`ijmc |c ~zc|c`te` c` c|te Dclmezeli`
lkok mk| dk| aze`dc| kjfctiwk| ~eze cm tzejefk lk`fs`tk y me eac`de dc me lkk~czeli` i`tcz`elik`em em dc|ezzk/mmk. Me Lk`gczc`lie lk`lzct c|tk| kjfctiwk| c` klbk ojitk| dc eltseli` y c` s`e |czic dc octe| usc dcjcze`
emle`vez|c c` :>53.
Tejme 5. Zcmeli` c`tzc mk| ojitk| y me| octe| dc mk| Kjfctiwk| em Dc|ezzkmmk dcm Oimc`ik.
3>3 y c` tkdk| mk| `iwcmc|
c i`tcazeli` dc me osfcz cdsletiwk| c` :>53.
Cusi~ezeli` |emeziem dc me| osfczc| c` cm |cltkz mejkzem `k eazlkme.
Esoc`tez me ~zc|c`lie dc osfczc| c` mk| ~ezmeoc`tk| `elik`emc|.
Okztemided i ge`tim Zcdsliz c` :+< me te|e dc okztemided dc oc`kzc| dc 3 ek|.\emsd oetcz`em Zcdsliz c`
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Mk| Kjfctiwk| dc Dc|ezzkmmk dcm Oimc`ik lk`|titsyc` me| octe| os`diemc| lse`tigilede| y lzk`kmaile| ~eze mslbez
lk`tze me ~kjzcve crtzcoe "~kjzcve dc i`azc|k- beojzc- c`gczocded- gemte dc wiwic`de edclsede y crlms|i`)- em
oi|ok tico~k usc ~zkoscwc` me iasemded dc mk| a`czk|- me cdsleli` y me |k|tc`ijimided eojic`tem. Teoji` zc/
~zc|c`te` dczclbk| bsoe`k| gs`deoc`temc|- |ca` |c ~zkoctc` c` me Dclmezeli` S`iwcz|em dc Dczclbk| Bs/
oe`k| y c` me Dclmezeli` dcm Oimc`ik dc me| @elik`c| S`ide|.
Mk| kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik |k` osmtidioc`|ik`emc| c io~mile` `soczk|k ~zklc|k| i`tczzcmelik`edk|- usc `k |kme/
oc`tc zcusiczc` gi`e`lieli` ~eze |s io~mcoc`teli`- |i`k me okwimiveli` dc me |klicded liwim- cm lko~zkoi|k dc
mk| eltkzc| i`|titslik`emc| y dcm |cltkz ~ziwedk y leojik| c` me| ~kmtile| y ~zikzidedc| dc mk| akjicz`k|- te`tk c`
mk| ~e|c| dc|ezzkmmedk| y mk| dc oc`kz dc|ezzkmmk- lkok c` mk| kzae`i|ok| i`tcz`elik`emc|. Me lsc|ti` gs`de/
oc`tem c| be|te usc ~s`tk cri|tc s`e dcli|i` zcem y |i`lcze ~eze e~kztez me gi`e`lieli`- e|soiz mk| lko~zkoi/
|k| y- c|~cliemoc`tc dez msaez e mk| leojik| `clc|ezik| ~eze wiejimivez mk| kjfctiwk|.
Cm tico~k tze`|lszzidk dc|dc :>>> ~czoitc ye cwemsez usc mk| ewe`lc| c|t` |ic`dk osy mioitedk|. Me| i`|titslik/
`c| dc Jzcttk` Qkkd| `k c|t` belic`dk mk |sgilic`tc ~eze edclsez |s| c|uscoe| dc eltseli` e mk| zcusczi/
oic`tk| dc mk| kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik y me oeykze dc mk| akjicz`k| dc mk| ~e|c| dc|ezzkmmedk| elte` c` |s eys/
de em dc|ezzkmmk lk` maile| y kjfctiwk| ~zk~ik|. Edco|- me gi`e`lieli` di|~k`ijmc y cm e~kyk tl`ilk c| tkdewe
i`|sgilic`tc- e| lkok cri|tc` |czie| dsde| |kjzc me lemided dc me eysde em dc|ezzkmmk- tem lkok |c c|t ~me`tce`/
dk y cfclste`dk c` me eltsemided.
Me lko~mcfided dc me ~sc|te c` ~zltile dc c|tk| kjfctiwk| be |idk kjfctk dc s` c|tsdik ~kz s` eo~mik cusi~k dc
~cz|k`e| dc digczc`tc| ojitk| y ~e|c| midczedk ~kz Fcggzcy D. \elb|. Cm zc|smtedk dc c|tc c|tsdik be |idk ~sjmi/
ledk c` :>>3 lk` cm ttsmk I`wiztic`dk c` cm dc|ezzkmmk6 s` ~me` ~zltilk ~eze lk`|casiz mk| Kjfctiwk| dc Dc|ezzk/
mmk dcm Oimc`ik. S`k dc mk| e|~cltk| e`emivedk| c| cm ~e~cm dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae c` me lk`|clsli` dc c|/
tk| kjfctiwk|- usc be |idk kjfctk dcm tzejefk dc s` azs~k c|~cliemivedk lkkzdi`edk ~kz Lemc|tks| Fsoe y MccYcc/Lbck`a- de`dk msaez e s` i`gkzoc titsmedk I``kwetik`6 E~~myi`a H`kqmcdac i` Dcwcmk~oc`t.
Cm ~e~cm dcm lk`klioic`tk |c c`lsc`tze dc oe`cze tze`|wcz|em c` mk| kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik- te`tk dc|dc cm ~s`tk
dc wi|te dc me cmejkzeli` dc me| c|tzetcaie| ~eze |s lk`|clsli`- lkok dc me io~mcoc`teli` dc me| oi|oe|. C`
s`k| le|k|- |c zcusiczc digs`diz- tze`|gcziz y e~milez lk`klioic`tk| y tcl`kmkae| cri|tc`tc| y- c` ktzk|- ac`czez
`scwk| lk`klioic`tk| y tcl`kmkae| edclsedk| ~eze me |kmsli` dc ~zkjmcoe| c` lk`tcrtk| c|~clgilk|- edc/
o| dc me lzceli` y gkztemclioic`tk dc me| le~elidedc| `elik`emc| ~eze me i`wc|tiaeli` y me i``kweli`.
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C`tzc me| zclkoc`delik`c| dcm c|tsdik diziaidk ~kz \elb| usc |c zcmelik`e` cr~mliteoc`tc lk` me lic`lie y tcl/
`kmkae y usc dcjcz` gs`deoc`tez y kzic`tez me| c|tzetcaie| dc me lkk~czeli` lic`tgile y tcl`kmaile i`tcz`e/
lik`em- |c c`lsc`tze` me| |iasic`tc|6
Me lzceli` dc lk`dilik`c| kzae`ivetiwe| y gs`lik`emc| c` mk| ~e|c| c` dc|ezzkmmk ~eze lk`|kmidez cm ~e~cm dcme lic`lie c` me gkzosmeli` dc ~kmtile| `elik`emc|.
Me lzceli` y gkztemclioic`tk dc le~elidedc| `elik`emc| ~eze me i`wc|tiaeli` y me i``kweli` ocdie`tc me gkzoe/
li` y e|c`teoic`tk dc zclsz|k| bsoe`k|- me eo~mieli` dc me| gelsmtedc| dc lic`lie| y tl`ile| c` s`iwcz|idedc|
y c|lscme| ~kmitl`ile|- cm gkztemclioic`tk dc me| eltiwidedc| dc i`wc|tiaeli` y dc|ezzkmmk c` me| co~zc|e|- cm e~k/
yk e mk| ~zklc|k| dc digs|i` tcl`kmaile- me ~zkokli` dc k~kzts`idedc| lkoczliemc| e me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae
y me ~zkokli` dcm dc|ezzkmmk dc i`gzec|tzsltsze| lkok ~zklc|k dc e~zc`divefc c i`lkz~kzeli` dc me tcl`kmkae.
Me ac`czeli`- digs|i` y tze`|gczc`lie dc lk`klioic`tk| c|~cliemivedk| c` |emsd- cdsleli`- eazilsmtsze- stzi/
li`- ac|ti` eojic`tem- c`czae y lmioe.
Me zcls~czeli` y zcwemkziveli` dc mk| |ejczc| ~k~smezc| y mk| lk`klioic`tk| tcl`kmailk| mklemc|.
Me| c|tioelik`c| |kjzc mk| zclsz|k| gi`e`liczk| `clc|ezik| ~eze lsjziz me| eltiwidedc| dc i`wc|tiaeli` |c be` li/
gzedk c` 1.>>> oimmk`c| dc dmezc| be|te cm :>53. S`k| 4.>>> oimmk`c| |c dcjcze` dcdilez e |emsd ~jmile- oim oi/
mmk`c| ~eze eazilsmtsze y ac|ti` dc zclsz|k| `etszemc|- oim oimmk`c| ~eze tcl`kmkae| c`czatile| ocfkzede| y ktzk|
oim oimmk`c| ~eze lko~zc`dcz ocfkz mk| e|~cltk| c|telik`emc|- i`tcze`semc| y e mezak ~mevk dcm leojik lmiotilk.
Cm azs~k dc tzejefk lkkzdi`edk ~kz Fsoe y Ycc/Lbck`a be c`tzedk c` oeykz dctemmc c` cm e`mi|i| dcm ~e~cm dc me
lic`lie- me tcl`kmkae y me i``kweli` c` me lk`|clsli` dc mk| kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik. Edco| dc e~kztez `soczk/
33
Mk| ~e|c| dc|ezzkmmedk| tic`c` s`e zc|~k`|ejimided c|~cliem c` me io~mcoc`teli` dc c|te| zclkoc`de/
lik`c| dcm ojitk dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae dcjidk e me| aze`dc| lezc`lie| c` me ac`czeli` y ellc|k em
lk`klioic`tk cri|tc`tc| c` mk| ~e|c| o| ~kjzc| y e me| mioitelik`c| c` me| le~elidedc| c` mk| ~e|c|
lk` ocdie`k| i`azc|k|. Mk| ~e|c| dc|ezzkmmedk| dcjc` |cz mk| oktkzc| dcm c|gsczvk c` lic`lie y tcl`kmk/
ae zcmelik`edk lk` mk| kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik.
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|k| ezasoc`tk| y cr~czic`lie| usc zcmelik`e` c|tk| ojitk| lk` lede s`k dc mk| kjfctiwk|- |c |ceme` s` lk`/
fs`tk dc ocdide| c|tzetaile| usc dcjc` mmcwez|c e lejk e `iwcm `elik`em c i`tcz`elik`em ~eze i`lzcoc`tez cm io/
~eltk dc me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae c` cm dc|ezzkmmk. Me Tejme : osc|tze me| o| dc|telede|.
Tejme :. Cm ~e~cm dc me lic`lie- me tcl`kmkae y me i``kweli` c` me lk`|clsli` dc mk| Kjfctiwk| dc Dc|ezzkmmk dcm Oimc`ik.
37
OJITK OCDIDE C\TZETAILE
Akjicz`k| Gkztemclcz cm oezlk i |titslik`em ~eze me lic`lie- me tcl`kmkae y me i `kweli`.
Gkztemclcz me| le~elidedc| c` ~kmtile- cwemseli` y ac|ti` dc me i`wc|tiaeli` y me i``kweli`.
Gkoc`tk i`gzec|tzsltsze| j|ile|.
Cdsleli` Esoc tez me gkzoeli` c` mk| ojitk| lic tgilk| c` mk| iwcmc| dc me cdsleli` ~zioezie y |cls dezie.
Gkztemclcz me cdsleli` |s~czikz.
Dc|ezzkmmk tcl`kmailk ^zikzivez cm dc|ezzkmmk y me digs|i` dc tcl kmkae| bkzivk temc|6 jiktcl`kmkae- `e`ktcl`kmkae|- `scwk| oetcziemc|
y tcl`kmkae| dc me i`gkzoeli` y me| lkos`ilelik`c|.
Kzae`i|ok| Gkztemclcz cm ~e~cm dc mk| kzae`i|ok| i`tcz`elik`emc| c` cm gkoc`tk dc me i`wc|tiaeli` y me i``kweli` c` |s|
i`tcz`elik`emc| ~me`c| dc elli`.
Mk| akjicz`k| tic`c` s` ~e~cm lmewc c` cm gkoc`tk dc le~elidedc| y eltiwidedc| dc i`wc|tiaeli` c i``kweli` e
tzew| dc ~kmtile| cr~mlite| usc lko~ctc` te`tk e me| i`|titslik`c| ~jmile| lkok e me| co~zc|e| y eltkzc| ~zi/
wedk|. Cri|tc` omti~mc| ocdide| ~eze gkoc`tez me i`wc|tiaeli` c i``kweli` c` cm |cltkz ~zkdsltiwk- lkok |k`
c|tiosmez me lzceli` dc s` tcfidk dc ~cusce| y ocdie`e| co~zc|e|- e| lkok me| i`lsjedkze| ~eze co~zc|e|
dc je|c tcl`kmaile- me digs|i` tcl`kmaile c` vk`e| gze`le|- me| zcdc| dc i``kweli`- ejzic`dk cm |i|tcoe gi/
`e`liczk e okdemidedc| lko~etijmc| lk` me gi`e`lieli` dc me i``kweli` tcl`kmaile- me| ocdide| gi|lemc| ~eze
me i`wcz|i` ~ziwede c` I(D- me| lko~ze| ~jmile| lkok ~eme`le ~eze cm dc|ezzkmmk tcl`kmailk y me i``kweli`- me
lzceli` dc lk`dilik`c| ~eze s`e ocfkz ~eztili~eli` c` cm lkoczlik i`tcz`elik`em- ocdie`tc cm dc|ezzkmmk dc me
octzkmkae- lemided- bkokmkaeli` y lcztigileli`- me ~zktclli` dc me ~zk~icded i`tcmcltsem- me etzelli` dc i`wcz/
|ik`c| dizclte| crtze`fcze| lk` tze`|gczc`lie dc tcl`kmkae y cm gkoc`tk dc oczledk| zcaik`emc|.
Me| i`gzec|tzsltsze| j|ile| dc tze`|~kztc- c`czae y tcmclkos`ilelik`c| |k` gs`deoc`temc| ~eze cm dc|ezzk/
mmk clk`oilk y |kliem. Me lkos`ided lic`tgile y tcl`kmaile tic`c s` ~e~cm usc fsaez c` me idc`tigileli` dc
me| i`gzec|tzsltsze| `clc|ezie| ~eze cm lso~mioic`tk dc mk| Kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik c` lede ~e|. ^kz ktze ~eztc-
me e|klieli` dcm akjicz`k lk` cm |cltkz ~ziwedk `elik`em y crtze`fczk ~eze cm dc|ezzkmmk dc me| i`gzec|tzsltsze|
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dcjc aeze`tivez edco| dc me cusided- cgilic`lie y |k|tc`ijimided- me tze`|gczc`lie y cm e~zc`divefc tcl`kmailk
e `iwcm mklem.
Me| i`wcz|ik`c| c` cdsleli`- lic`lie y tcl`kmkae be |idk s`e lk`|te`tc c` mk| ~e|c| zclic`tcoc`tc i`ds|tziemi/
vedk|. \i jic` mk| Kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik gklemive` me cdsleli` ~zioezie- mk| ktzk| iwcmc| dc me cdsleli` |k` lzs/liemc| ~eze cm dc|ezzkmmk. Cm gkztemclioic`tk dc me cdsleli` |s~czikz c|t c` me je|c dc me cri|tc`lie dc s`e lk/
os`ided elik`em dc ~zkgc|ik`emc|- lic`tgilk|- tcl`mkak| c i`ac`iczk| usc gewkzcvle` mk| gmsfk| dc ac`czeli` y
e~mileli` dcm lk`klioic`tk.
C` cm ojitk dc me cdsleli` ~zioezie y |cls`dezie |c zcusiczc lk`|kmidez mk| lk`tc`idk| zcmelik`edk| lk` mk|
ojitk| lic`tgilk|- e| lkok e~zkwclbez me| k~kzts`idedc| usc kgzclc` me lic`lie y me tcl`kmkae ~eze ocfkzez
mk| otkdk| dklc`tc|. C` me cdsleli` |s~czikz- |c ~zcli|e zcgkzvez me gs`li` dc me| s`iwcz|idedc| c` me ac`c/zeli`- digs|i` y e~mileli` dcm lk`klioic`tk- ocfkze`dk |s eztilsmeli` lk` me i`ds|tzie- cm akjicz`k y me |klic/
ded.
Me ~kmtile lic`tgile y tcl`kmaile zcusiczc lk`|idczez dk| dioc`|ik`c| c` mk| ~e|c| c` dc|ezzkmmk. ^kz s` medk-
ac`czez le~elidedc| ~eze ~kdcz ejkzdez e ocdik y mezak ~mevk i`wc|tiaelik`c| ~czti`c`tc| ~eze cm ~e| y ~kz
ktzk- digs`diz c i`lkz~kzez tcl`kmkae| cri|tc`tc| ~eze ocfkzez mk| |i|tcoe| ~zkdsltiwk| y me| lk`dilik`c| dc wide
dc me| ~kjmelik`c|. C|te |cas`de dioc`|i` zcusiczc lk`lc`tzez|c c` tcl`kmkae| ac`zile| usc tic`c` s` eo/
~mik c|~cltzk dc e~milelik`c|- usc ~scdc` lk`tzijsiz e i`tzkdsliz io~kzte`tc| tze`|gkzoelik`c| c` me clk`koe y
me |klicded. C`tzc c|te| tcl`kmkae| |c c`lsc`tze` me| dc i`gkzoeli` y lkos`ileli`- me jiktcl`kmkae- me| `e/
`ktcl`kmkae| y mk| scwk| oetcziemc|.
Me| tcl`kmkae| dc me i`gkzoeli` y lkos`ileli` "TIL) ~scdc` lk`tzijsiz e mk| Kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik c`- em oc`k|
tzc| zce|. ^zioczk- me| TIL fscae` eltsemoc`tc s` io~kzte`tc ~e~cm c` me ocfkze dc me akjcz`ejimided c` wezik|
`iwcmc|. \cas`dk- me| TIL lk`tzijsyc` e ocfkzez me| lk`dilik`c| dc wide- e tzew| dcm i`lzcoc`tk c` le`tided y
lemided dc mk| gmsfk| dc i`gkzoeli` y lkos`ileli` c`tzc me ~kjmeli`- e| lkok me| k~kzts`idedc| ~eze me gkz/
oeli`. Tczlczk- me| TIL esoc`te` me ~zkdsltiwided- me| i``kwelik`c| y cm dc|ezzkmmk clk`oilk.
Me| TIL cfczlc` |s i`gmsc`lie c` `soczk|k| |cltkzc|- ~czk c|te i`gmsc`lie c| e|iotzile c`tzc mk| digczc`tc| ~e/
|c|. Cm z~idk dc|ezzkmmk dc me| TIL c|t ~zkwkle`dk s`e di|te`lie lede wcv oeykz c`tzc mk| ~e|c| dc|ezzkmmedk|
y mk| ~e|c| dc oc`kz dc|ezzkmmk. Mk| ewe`lc| c` lko~steli`- lkos`ilelik`c| c i`tcz`ct we` ~kz dcme`tc dc mk|
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ewe`lc| ~eze me i`lkz~kzeli` dc c|te| tcl`kmkae| c` oslbk| ~e|c|- beji`dk|c ac`czedk s`e `scwe lme|c dc
diwi|i` y crlms|i`. C|tc e|~cltk dcjc |cz lk`|idczedk c` me| c|tzetcaie| dc me lkk~czeli` i`tcz`elik`em em dc/
|ezzkmmk.
Me digs|i` y e~mileli` dc me| TIL `k dcjc lk`|idczez|c c` lko~ctc`lie lk` ktzk| kjfctiwk| y `clc|idedc| c`cm lk`tcrtk dc mk| Kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik- |i`k lkok s`k dc mk| i`|tzsoc`tk| ~eze gewkzclcz mk| ~zklc|k| dc dc/
|ezzkmmk y c` lk`|clsc`lie- ~eze lk`tzijsiz e c|tk| kjfctiwk|. ^eze lso~miz c|tc ~e~cm i`|tzsoc`tem- me| TIL dc/
jcz` e~milez|c lk`|idcze`dk mk| lk`tcrtk| lsmtszemc| mklemc| y c` cm oezlk dc ~zkazeoe| dc dc|ezzkmmk zcme/
lik`edk| lk` me ~kjzcve- me |emsd- me cdsleli`- cm ocdik eojic`tc- me ~eztili~eli` |kliem y cm lzclioic`tk
clk`oilk.
Me jiktcl`kmkae c| eltsemoc`tc s` i`|tzsoc`tk gs`deoc`tem ~eze ejkzdez `soczk|k| ~zkjmcoe| dcm dc|ezzkmmk.\s io~eltk c|t lk`dilik`edk ~kz digczc`tc| geltkzc|- lkok mk| ewe`lc| c` me i`wc|tiaeli`- me cri|tc`lie dc
lk`dilik`c| ~eze tzedsliz mk| scwk| lk`klioic`tk| c` jic`c| y |czwilik|- mk| e|~cltk| zcmelik`edk| lk` me e~zk/
~ieli` dc mk| lk`klioic`tk|- me| lk`dilik`c| ~eze |s tze`|gczc`lie y mk| ~zklc|k| dc digs|i` c io~mcoc`teli`
dc me| i``kwelik`c|- i`lmsyc`dk mk| geltkzc| lsmtszemc|.
S` c|tsdik zcemivedk c` me S`iwcz|ided dc Tkzk`tk be idc`tigiledk dicv jiktcl`kmkae| usc ~scdc` emiwiez ~zk/
jmcoe| c` cm ojitk dc me |emsd- me eazilsmtsze y cm ocdik eojic`tc. C|te| jiktcl`kmkae| i`lmsyc` cm diea`|/
tilk okmclsmez- me| wels`e| zclkoji`e`tc|- me elli` |cmcltiwe dc wels`e| y ocdileoc`tk|- me |clsc`lieli`
dc mk| ac`koe| dc kzae`i|ok| ~etac`k|- me ~zktclli` gzc`tc e me| i`gcllik`c| dc tze`|oi|i` |crsem- me
jiki`gkzotile- me| ~zktc`e| tcze~ctile| zclkoji`e`tc|- cm di|ck usoilk dc ocdileoc`tk|- cm c`ziuscli/
oic`tk `stzilik`em e tzew| dc me okdigileli` ac`tile dc ~me`te| y me jikzzcocdieli`. C|te| geoimie| dc jik/
tcl`kmkae| io~elte` dizclteoc`tc c` wezik| dc mk| kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc`ik- i`lmsyc`dk me czzedileli` dcm beo/
jzc- me ocfkze dc me| lk`dilik`c| dc me| osfczc|- me zcdslli` dc me okztemided i`ge`tim- me ocfkze dc me |emsd
oetcz`em- me mslbe lk`tze cm |ide- me oemezie- me tsjczlsmk|i| y ktze| c`gczocdedc| y me |k|tc`ijimided ocdik eo/
jic`tem.
Me| i`wc|tiaelik`c| y e~milelik`c| |kjzc cm tczzc`k dc me jiktcl`kmkae- dc|ti`edk| e gewkzclcz cm dc|ezzkmmk zc/
usiczc` me elli` lk`fs`te dc mk| ~e|c| dc|ezzkmmedk|- c` mk| usc c|t` lk`lc`tzede| me| le~elidedc| ~eze me i`/
wc|tiaeli`- y dc mk| kzae`i|ok| i`tcz`elik`emc|. Mk| akjicz`k| dc mk| ~e|c| dc|ezzkmmedk| |k` gs`deoc`temc|
~eze gkoc`tez i`wc|tiaelik`c| c` mk| usc cm |cltkz ~ziwedk `k tic`c oeykz i`tcz| dc|dc cm ~s`tk dc wi|te dc zc`/
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tejimided clk`oile y ~eze eltsez dc gkzoe lk`fs`te lk` mk| ~e|c| c` dc|ezzkmmk lk` cm gi` dc gelimitez me digs|i`
y lzcez me lk`dilik`c| ~eze me e~mileli` |kjzc ~zkjmcoe| c|~clgilk|. Me| c|tzetcaie| dc me lkk~czeli` lic`tgi/
le em dc|ezzkmmk dcjcz` lk`tco~mez c|te| dioc`|ik`c| dc me jiktcl`kmkae.
Me| `e`ktcl`kmkae| c|t` eltsemoc`tc les|e`dk s` aze` io~eltk c` `soczk|e| zce| `k |kmeoc`tc e tzew|dc |s ~zk~ik dc|ezzkmmk- |i`k c|~cliemoc`tc ~kz |s lkoji`eli` lk` ktze| tcl`kmkae|- |i jic` mk| ewe`lc| c` me
`e`ktcl`kmkae c|t` eltsemoc`tc asiedk| ~kz mk| i`tczc|c| dc mk| ~e|c| i`ds|tziemivedk|.
Me| e~milelik`c| dc me `e`ktcl`kmkae c` mk| ~e|c| dc oc`kz dc|ezzkmmk ~scdc` |cz c|~cliemoc`tc io~kzte`tc|
c` mk| ojitk| dc me eazilsmtsze- |emsd- zclsz|k| bdzilk| y c`czae. Mk| io~eltk| ~eze cm dc|ezzkmmk |k` osy di/
zcltk| c` mk| ojitk| dc me eazilsmtsze- ocfkze`dk me cgilic`lie dc me| lk|clbe|- me dctclli` dc ~etac`k|- cm |s/
oi`i|tzk dc ejk`k|- stzic`tc| y ocdileoc`tk| e ~me`te| y e`ioemc|. Me| e~milelik`c| c` cm ojitk dc me |emsd c`mk| ~e|c| dc oc`kz dc|ezzkmmk |k` c|~cliemoc`tc ~zkoi|kzie| c` cm diea`|tilk y ~zcwc`li` dc c`gczocdedc|-
cm |soi`i|tzk dc wels`e| y ocdileoc`tk|- me lizsae y mk| oetcziemc| kztk~dilk|. Me `e`ktcl`kmkae teoji`
~zk~kzlik`e `scwk| ~zklcdioic`tk| ~eze cm tzeteoic`tk dc me| ease| y me ac|ti` dc zclsz|k| bdzilk|. Gi`emoc`/
tc ~czoitc `scwk| dc|ezzkmmk| c` c`czae| zc`kwejmc| y c` me ac|ti` eojic`tem.
Lkok c` cm le|k dc me jiktcl`kmkae- me| e~milelik`c| dc me| `e`ktcl`kmkae| em dc|ezzkmmk y e mk| Kjfctiwk| dcm
Oimc`ik zcusiczc` s`e elli` lk`lcztede dc mk| akjicz`k| dc mk| ~e|c| dc|ezzkmmedk| y dc oc`kz dc|ezzkmmk- dc
mk| kzae`i|ok| i`tcz`elik`emc| y dc me| co~zc|e|.
C` cm le|k lk`lzctk dc mk| kzae`i|ok| i`tcz`elik`emc| cri|tc` digczc`tc| ellik`c| usc ~scdc` |cz gs`deoc`te/
mc| ~eze ocfkzez cm ~e~cm dc me lic`lie- me tcl`kmkae y me i``kweli` c` me lk`|clsli` dc mk| Kjfctiwk| dcm Oimc/
`ik. C`tzc cmme| |c c`lsc`tze` me |c`|ijimiveli` dc mk| akjicz`k| dc mk| ~e|c| |kjzc me| zcmelik`c| c`tzc me i``k/
weli` tcl`kmaile y cm dc|ezzkmmk ~kz ~eztc dc mk| kzae`i|ok| dcm |i|tcoe dc @elik`c| S`ide|- cm esoc`tk dcm
~e~cm dc mk| kzae`i|ok| gi`e`liczk| i`tcz`elik`emc| c` cm gkoc`tk dc me i``kweli` tcl`kmaile- cm e`mi|i| dcm io/
~eltk dc me| dcli|ik`c| dc me Kzae`iveli` I`tcz`elik`em dcm Lkoczlik y ktze| i`|titslik`c| osmtimetczemc| c` cm
dc|ezzkmmk dc le~elidedc| tcl`kmaile| c` mk| ~e|c| c` dc|ezzkmmk- cm ellc|k mijzc e me| ~sjmilelik`c| lic`tgile|
y cm e`mi|i| dc me| k~kzts`idedc|- io~eltk| y zic|ak| dc me e~mileli` dc me| tcl`kmkae| c` mk| lk`tcrtk| `elik/
`emc| dc mk| ~e|c|.
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5.3. LK@LMS\IK@C\
7>
Mk| e`mi|i| ~zclcdc`tc| ~k`c` dc oe`igic|tk usc cm lk`klioic`tk lic`tgilk y tcl`kmailk fs`tk e mk| ~zklc|k|
dc i``kweli`- c|t` dizclteoc`tc e|kliedk| em dc|ezzkmmk clk`oilk y e me akjcz`ejimided- oic`tze| usc me
lsmtsze lic`tgile c|t c` me je|c dcm dc|ezzkmmk dc s`e |klicded eltiwe usc gkoc`tc cm leojik tcl`kmailk y mei``kweli` |kliem. Edco|- me lic`lie- me tcl`kmkae y me i``kweli` |k` cmcoc`tk| tze`|wcz|emc| c` mk| Kjfcti/
wk| dc dc|ezzkmmk dcm Oimc`ik- fsae`dk s` ~e~cm dizcltk c` emas`k| cmmk| c i`dizcltk c` tkdk| mk| dco|.
C|tk| ezasoc`tk| y zcemidedc| gs`deoc`te` me lk`|idczeli` dc me lkk~czeli` lic`tgile y tcl`kmaile lk/
ok s` cfc gs`deoc`tem dc eltiwided c` me| c|tzetcaie| dc lkk~czeli` i`tcz`elik`em em dc|ezzkmmk.
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ZCGCZC@LIE\ DCM LE^TSMK 5Zcgczc`lie| dcm e~eztedk 5.5
Ezzkq- H. F. "597:e)6 Clk`koil qcmgezc e`d tbc emmkletik` kg zc|kszlc| gkz i`wc`tik`- c` @etik`em Jszces kg Clk/
`koil Zc|cezlb "cd.)6 Tbc Zetc e`d Dizcltik` kg I`wc`tiwc Eltiwity6 Clk`koil e`d \kliem Geltkz|- ^zi`lctk` S`i/
wcz|ity ^zc||- ^zi`lctk`.
Ezzkq- H. F. "597:j)6 Tbc clk`koil io~miletik`| kg mcez`i`a jy dki`a- Zcwicq kg Clk`koil \tsdic|- wkm. :9- fs/
`ik- ~~. 533/51.
E|bcio- J. T. y I|eh|c`- E. ":>>5)6 Mk| |i|tcoe| zcaik`emc| dc i``kweli`- me| ^YOC| y me ~kmtile dc i``kwe/
li`- c` Kmeveze`- O. y Aocv- O. "cd|.)6 \i|tcoe| Zcaik`emc| dc I``kweli - \czwilik Cditkziem dc me S`iwcz|i/
ded dcm ^e| We|lk- Vezestv.
Jze`dc`jszacz- E. O. y @emcjsgg- J. F. "5997)6 Lk/k~ctitik`- Dksjmcdey Jkkh|- @cq Ykzh.
Jcletti`i- A. "599:)6 Cm di|tzitk i`ds|tziem oez|bemie`k lkok lk`lc~tk |klikclk`oilk- c` yhc- G.8 Jcletti`i- A.
y \c`ac`jczacz- Q. "cd|.)6 Mk| Di|tzitk| I`ds|tziemc| y me| ^cusce| Co~zc|e|. Wkm. I- Oi`i|tczik dc Tzejefk y \c/
aszided \kliem- Oedzid.
Jsc|e- O. ":>>>3)6 C|tzetcaie dc i``kweli`- Cd. Tbko|k`- Oedzid.
Gzccoe` "5992)6 Tbc clk`koil| kg tclb`ilem lbe`ac- c` Ezlbijsai- D. e`d Oilbic- F. "cd|.)6 Tzedc- Azktb e`d
Tclb`ilem Lbe`ac- Leojzidac S`iwcz|ity ^zc||- Leojzidac- Oe||.
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Gzccoe`- L. y \kctc- M. "5991)6 Tbc Clk`koil| kg I`ds|tziem I``kwetik`- OIT ^zc||- Leojzidac- Oe||.
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