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MODULE 1

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Foundation Concepts :MIS Concept, Definition,Role of MIS,Impact of the MIS,MIS and user.System Concepts,Systems Control,Types of System,Handling system complexity,post implementation problemsMIS and System analysis

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MIS CONCEPT

Process data from the organization and presentit in the form of reports at regular intervals.

It was impersonal so required further adaptation Information vs. data implied customization Concept of exception reporting & database Decision making system independent of IT-

professionals

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MIS DEFINITION

Other names include: information system, theinformation and decision system, the computerbased information system

A system which provides information support fordecision making in the organization.

Integration of Hardware, Software and Perswareto support operation and management anddecision making function

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It is necessary to have a formal systemwhich should take care of the following:1. Handling of a voluminous data2. Confirmation of the validity of data and

transaction

3. Complex processing of data andmultidimensional analysis.

4. Quick search and retrieval.

5. Mass storage.6. Communication of the information system to

the user on time7. Fulfilling the changing needs of the information

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Role of MIS Role of MIS in an organization = heart in body Satisfying diverse needs Helps in strategic planning, management control,

Operational control and transaction processing. Helps clerical personnel in the transaction processing and

answers their queries.

Helps junior management by providing operational datafor planning Helps middle management in short term planning, target

setting and control business functions. Control system Helps top management in goal setting, strategic planning

and evolving the business plans and their implementation. Information generation, communication, problem

identification and helps in the process of decision making.Vital role in mgt, administration and operations

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IMPACT OF MIS

More efficient business functions Tracking and monitoring becomes easy Helps in planning and forecasting

Management by exception Better understanding of business ;

systematization

It supports the orgnl goals & provides direction Clerical work becomes less and are used for more

meaningful work

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MIS and USER

Every person in the organization is a user of MIS Clerk search data, make statement , submit An assistant has the task of organizing and analysis Executive decision maker Manager responsibility and accountability for

business results and long term planning

MANAGEMENT AS CONTROL SYSTEM

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SYSTEM CONCEPTS It is defined as a set of elements arranged in

an orderly manner to accomplish an objective

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

OBJECTIVE, ENVIRONMENT , SUBSYSTEMS, FILTER, LOGIC

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Characteristics of system

1. Input process Output2. Boundary3. Objective4. Sub systems5. Logical order6. Filter7. Control system

8. Exists in an environment9. Hierarchical structure - levels

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Sub-Systems

When many smaller systems together make alarger system, the smaller systems are calledsubsystems.

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Types of system

Open vs. Closed system White box or transparent vs. Black box system Deterministic vs. Probabilistic system Information system vs. physical systems Simple vs complex systems

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Decomposition

A large system is always complex and difficultto understand. Therefore it is split into thesmaller sub systems. The process of splittingor division of system into subsystems is knownas decomposition

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Arrangement of subsystems

Decomposition can result in following twotypes of subsystem arrangement

1. Serial system processing: Where the entire

output of a subsystem is an input to the nextsubsystem and so on.

2. Matrix arrangement: Where the output of a

subsystem is an input to more than onesubsystem and a subsystem receives morethan one input from other subsystems.

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Handling system complexity

Decomposition: system can be viewed as anassembly of subsystems each with a cleardefinition of boundaries, interfaces and their

connectivity. Factorisation: Putting subsystems in the

hierarchical order to provide a structural viewshowing the developmental path to the designer.

Simplification: by clustering the subsystemstogether for better handling of interconnections

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Method of simplification

1. Identify the subsystems which have to betogether for the functional cohesion

2. Form a cluster of these subsystems andidentify interconnections in this cluster

3. Form clusters of the remaining subsystems

4. Connect the clusters with an interface

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Post implementation problemsPost implementation Problems System efficiency: output to input ratio System effectiveness : Qty & Quality of outputEntropy: When systems are allowed to run for some time,

they tend to become disorganized resulting into systeminefficiency. The process of decay and its cause is calledentropy

Solutions to Post implementation Problem: System maintenance: process of providing negative entropyNegative entropy: A course of action whereby the decay is

arrested and the system is brought back to the state of equilibrium, producing the desired objectives. Forced change in the goal due to the other systems in the

organization having undergone the change.

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Key to Proactively handling post

implementation problems

1. The core system design must be

comprehensive and flexible to undergo aquick change

2. The associated peripheral systems should be

built with a flexible design