manual para la construcción de alambrados
TRANSCRIPT
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 1/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 0 nk :9
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløbnk @c`djz`nmx
@imx~m nk :111
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 2/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` : nk :9
Hmb~kblnm
0 Lb~zmn{hhløb"
: ½P{ì xk kb~lkbnk qmz –`c`djz`nm—=
8 ½H{àckx xmb –cmx qmx~kx wkz~lh`ckx—=
> ½Hødm xk gle`b cmx `c`djzkx `c zkx~m nkc xlx~kd`=
; ½ H{àc kx kc mjek~lwm nk {b `c`djz`nm=
7 Kc wlkem `c`djz`nm"
9 Cmx ̀ c`djz`nmx dmnkzbmx"
6 D`~kzl`ckx q`z` c` hmbx~z{hhløb nk `c`djz`nmx dmnkzbmx"
6"0 @c`djzkx6": Qmx~kx6"8 W`zlcc`x6"> ^kbxmzkx
6"; @lxc`nmzkx
< Cmx –`c`djz`nmx xlx~kd`x—"
<"0 @c`djz`nmx kcìh~zlhmx<"0"0 @c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm q`z` Mwlbmx<"0": @c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm q`z` W`h{bmx<"0"8 @c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm q`z` W`h{bmx | Mwlbmx
<": @c`djz`nmx x{xqkbnlnmx<":"0 @c`djz`nm –nk 8 flcmx x{xqkbnlnm— q`z` w`h`x nk ~`djm<":": @c`djz`nm –nk > flcmx x{xqkbnlnm— q`z` bmwlccmx<":"8 @c`djz`nm –nk ; flcmx x{xqkbnlnm— q`z` dõc~lqckx {xmx
<"8 @c`djz`nmx ~z`nlhlmb`ckx<"8"0 @c`djz`nm –nk 7 flcmx— q`z` Mwlbmx kb Q`~`imbl`<"8": @c`djz`nm –nk 9 flcmx— ~z`nlhlmb`c
<"> @c`djz`nmx ~kelnmx<">"0 @c`djz`nm q`z` Qmzhlbmx<">": @c`djz`nm q`z` Hlkzwmx
01 C` ~ìhblh` nkc ~kbnlnm nk `c`djz`nmx"
01"0 Kckhhløb | d`zh`hløb nkc ~z`u`nm01": @zz`bp{kx# kxp{lbkzmx | kx~`hlmbkx01"8 Hmcmh`hløb nk Qmx~kx
01"8"0 Qmx~kx Lb~kzdknlmx q`z` @c`djz`nmx01"8": Qmx~kx Lb~kzdknlmx q`z` @c`djz`nmx Kcìh~zlhmx
01"> ^kbnlnm nk `c`djzkx
01"; Hmcmh`hløb nk w`zlcc`x01";"0 @c`djz`nmx X{xqkbnlnmx01";": @c`djz`nmx ̂ z`nlhlmb`ckx
`, W`zlcc` I`cw`blu`n` –@jzmem¢—j, W`zlcc` Dk~àclh`
01"7 Qz{kj` | `e{x~k nkc xlx~kd`
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 3/27
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 4/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` > nk :9
: ½P{ì xk kb~lkbnk qmz –`c`djz`nm—=
[b `c`djz`nm kx# jàxlh`dkb~k# {b xlx~kd`hmbx~l~{lnm qmz {bm m dàx `c`djzkx fmzlumb~`ckx#
ikbkz`cdkb~k q`z`ckcmx `c x{kcm"
Cmx dlxdmx kx~àb xmx~kblnmx qmz qmx~kxwkz~lh`ckx | {b` xkzlk nk nlgkzkb~kx kckdkb~mxbkhkx`zlmx q`z` d`b~kbkz ` cmx `c`djzkx kb
qmxlhløb nk ~z`j`em"
8
½H{àckx xmb –cmx qmx~kx wkz~lh`ckx—=
@b`clu`bnm kb nk~`cck {b `c`djz`nm xk q{knkmjxkzw`z p{k f`| nmx ~lqmx nk kckdkb~mx p{kxlzwkb q`z` d`b~kbkz ` cmx `c`djzkx kb qmxlhløb5[bm nk kccmx xmb cmx qmx~kx# p{k w`b hc`w`nmx#
kdqm~z`nmx# gle`nmx m# qmz cm dkbmx# `qm|`nmxkb kc x{kcm | xmx~lkbkb ` cmx `c`djzkx"
Cmx m~zmx kckdkb~mx p{k xlzwkb q`z` d`b~kbkz `cmx `c`djzkx kb qmxlhløb# qkzm p{k bm kx~`jckhkbblbi{b` wlbh{c`hløb nk cmx dlxdmx hmb kc x{kcm#xmb cmx xkq`z`nmzkx $ hmdõbdkb~k cc`d`nmx–w`zlcc`x—" Kx~mx xlzwkb q`z` p{k cmx `c`djzkx xk
d`b~kbi`b q`z`ckcmx | q`z` p{k ~z`j`ekb kbhmbe{b~m nàbnmck d`|mz gmz~`cku` `c xlx~kd`"
> ½Hødm xk gle`b cmx `c`djzkx `c zkx~m nkc
xlx~kd`=
Cmx `c`djz`nmx hmbwkbhlmb`ckx hmb `c`djzkxclxmx zkx{kcwkb kx~` hmb~lbikbhl` nk gmzd`
xldqck5 cmx qmx~kx xmb –kbfkjz`nmx— hmb cmx`c`djzkx p{k q`x`b qmz qkzgmz`hlmbkx kvlx~kb~kx&gli{z` @, m q`x`bnm ` ~z`wìx nk hclqx p{k {jlh`b`c `c`djzk kb qmxlhløb qkzqkbnlh{c`z `c qmx~k
&gli{z` J,"Gli{z` @ Gli{z` J
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 5/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` ; nk :9
Q`z` kc h`xm nk cmx `c`djz`nmx kcìh~zlhmx xk f`b nlxkð`nm hclqx `lxc`nmzkx kxqkhl`ckxq`z` nlhfm {xm"Kccmx xmb kc hclq `lxc`nmz q`z` qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— | kc hclq `lxc`nmz q`z` qmx~k nk`hkzm lb~kzdknlm q`z` `c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm"
Hclq `lxc`nmz q`z` qmx~k nk`hkzm –G`høb¢—
Hclq `lxc`nmz q`z` qmx~k nk`hkzm q`z` ̀ c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm
; ½ H{àc kx kc mjek~lwm nk {b `c`djz`nm=
Kc mjek~lwm nk {b `c`djz`nm kx `{dkb~`z | zk~kbkz cmx jkbkglhlmx nkc h`dqm"
Kx {b` fkzz`dlkb~` nk d`bkem# {b kbw`xk p{k hmb~lkbk b{kx~zm h`ql~`c"
@nkdàx# kx {bm nk cmx kckdkb~mx dàx ldqmz~`b~kx nk ~mnm xlx~kd` nk qzmn{hhløbdmnkzbm"
Xlb kdj`zim# c` d`|mzä` nk cmx qzmn{h~mzkx {x`b kc `c`djz`nm q`z` kekzhkz {b kgkh~lwmhmb~zmc xmjzk cmx `bld`ckx" Qmz ~`c dm~lwm# kb d{hfmx h`xmx xk hmbxlnkz` p{k c`mqkz`~lwln`n nkc `c`djz`nm kx~à kb zkc`hløb nlzkh~` hmb kc zkxqk~m p{k xlkb~`b cmx`bld`ckx qmz ìc" Kx~k zkxqk~m kx~à hmbnlhlmb`nm ` nlgkzkb~kx g`h~mzkx# cmx dàx
ldqmz~`b~kx xmb5
Cmx g`h~mzkx wlxljckx5
• Kc `c`djz`nm nkjk xkz jlkb wlxljck q`z` kc `bld`c"
Xl kc `bld`c bm wk qkzgkh~`dkb~k `c `c`djz`nm# xmc`dkb~k cckwàbnmxkcm qmz nkc`b~k xkn`zà h{kb~` nk x{ qzkxkbhl`"
Cmx g`h~mzkx bm wlxljckx5
• Xl c` hkzh`bä` m kc hmb~`h~m hmb kc `c`djz`nm kx `nwkz~lnm qmz kc `bld`c hmb m~zmxxkb~lnmx `nkdàx nk c` wlx~`# dkemz"
@xä kc `bld`c q{knk zkxqk~`z kc `c`djzk nk qõ`x m kc kckh~zlu`nm qmz kc nmcmz p{k ckqzmn{hk x{ hmb~`h~m" ^`djlìb q{knk x{hknkz cm dlxdm hmb {b j{kb `c`djz`nm
x{xqkbnlnm# |` p{k c` wljz`hløb `dkb`u`nmz` p{k kdl~k# h`xl lb`{nljck q`z` cmxf{d`bmx# kx g{kz~kdkb~k qkzhljln` qmz c` d`|mzä` nk cmx `bld`ckx"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 6/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 7 nk :9
7 Kc wlkem `c`djz`nm"
Kc hmbhkq~m `b~li{m nkc `c`djz`nm kz` kc nk mqmbkz {b` g{kz~k zkxlx~kbhl` `c q`x`ek nkcmx `bld`ckx" Kc `c`djz`nm kz` nk kx~z{h~{z` x{d`dkb~k zäiln`# |# xl c` lb~kbhløb nk {b
`bld`c ` q`x`z qkzxlx~ä`# xk nlzldä` kc hmbgclh~m kb gmzd` nlzkh~`5 c` j`~`cc` h`dq`c#nmbnk `djmx hmb~kbnlkb~kx &`c`djz`nm | `bld`c, xk kbgzkb~`j`b kb hmdj`~k e{x~m" Kbkx~mx h`xmx# ~`b~m wkbhknmz hmdm wkbhlnm zkx{c~`j` hmb qìznln`x | n`ðmx dàx m dkbmxldqmz~`b~kx"
9 Cmx `c`djz`nmx dmnkzbmx"
Kc `c`djz`nm nk hmbhkq~m dmnkzbm qzkglkzk c` wä` nlqcmdà~lh`5 `b~k c` mjx~lb`n`
lb~kbhløb nk qkzxmb`# `bld`c m hmx` &wkfäh{cm# ~mzm d`ðkzm# àzjmc h`änm# k~h", kc`c`djz`nm hknk gckvljck k lb~kclikb~kdkb~k# q`z` zkh{qkz`zxk xlb n`ðmx | kb x{ qckbl~{nc{kim nkc kbhmb~zmb`um"
Kx~m zkqzkxkb~` nlxkðmx kxqkhl`ckx | d`~kzl`ckx dmnkzbmx zk{blnmx kb {b`kx~z{h~{z` kcàx~lh` | gckvljck"
F`x~` `p{ä kx~àb kvq{kx~`x c`x nmx iz`bnkx ~kbnkbhl`x xki{ln`x kb kc nlxkðm |hmbx~z{hhløb nk `c`djz`nmx"
C` nkhlxløb xmjzk c` `nmqhløb nk {b` { m~z` p{kn` ` h`zim nkc qzmn{h~mz"
6 D`~kzl`ckx q`z` c` hmbx~z{hhløb nk`c`djz`nmx dmnkzbmx"
6"0 @c`djzkx
Cmx `c`djzkx hmbx~l~{|kb kc `cd` nkc xlx~kd`# qmz ~`c dm~lwm kx nk x{d` ldqmz~`bhl` c`hmzzkh~` kckhhløb nk cmx dlxdmx"
@b~kx nk xki{lz `nkc`b~k f`| p{k nkx~`h`z `cim d{| ldqmz~`b~k5 ~mnmx cmx`c`djzkx p{k xk {x`b q`z` f`hkz {b `c`djz`nm nkjkb xkz i`cw`blu`nmx# xlbblbiõb c{i`z ` n{n`x"
Kc i`cw`blu`nm kx {b` h`q` nk hlbh nkqmxl~`n` ` ~z`wìx nk {b qzmhkxmkckh~zmcä~lhm | hmbx~l~{|k c` õblh` gmzd` xki{z` nk qzm~kikz hmb~z` c` hmzzmxløb` cmx `c`djzkx dmnkzbmx"
Jàxlh`dkb~k# kvlx~kb ~zkx ~lqmx nk `c`djzkx5
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 7/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 9 nk :9
• cmx hmd{bkx m –n{chkx—# • cmx nk Dknl`b` Zkxlx~kbhl`# • cmx nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl`"
Nkxnk f`hk d{hfm ~lkdqm xk kbhmb~zø p{k kc q`qkc e{x~m q`z` cmx nk dknl`b` | `c~`zkxlx~kbhl`# kz` gmzd`z kc h{kzqm nkc `c`djz`nm nk flcmx" Hmb kx~mx `c`djzkx kc xlx~kd`qmnä` ccki`z ` xkz hmdm kc nl`q`xøb nk {b` ili`b~kxh` i{l~`zz`# |` p{k kx~mx `c`djzkx
xmb x{d`dkb~k zkxlx~kb~kx | kcàx~lhmx"
Kb h`djlm# kc c{i`z q`z` cmx `c`djzkx n{chkx xk kbhmb~zø kb c` hmbgkhhløb nk zlkbn`x#d`bk`x | `~`n{z`x# |` p{k x{ dlxd` –n{cu{z`— qkzdl~k zk`clu`z b{nmx# nmjckhkx |zk~mzhln`x hmb g`hlcln`n"
Wkdmx kb~mbhkx p{k h`n` ~lqm nk `c`djzk ~lkbk x{ `qclh`hløb nk~kzdlb`n` |# qmz cm~`b~m# w`ck c` qkb` `b`clu`zc` nk~kbln`dkb~k5
• @c`djzkx i`cw`blu`nmx nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl`
@c`djzk nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` 09-0; –Gmz~äb 0:1¢—
Kx~k `c`djzk nk xkhhløb mw`c`n` kx kc –hcàxlhm— nk cmx `c`djz`nmx `zikb~lbmx" [b`c`djzk qkbx`nm q`z` {x`z hmb ~mnm ~lqm nk f`hlkbn`# q`z` hmbgkhhlmb`z `c`djz`nmx
g{kz~kx# zmj{x~mx | qkzd`bkb~kx"
I`cw`blu`nm qmz xlx~kd` kckh~zmcä~lhm kb h`clkb~k# x{ n{z`hløb xk f` fkhfm ckikbn`zl` kbb{kx~zm q`äx" X{ xkhhløb mw`c`n` | x{ d`~kzl` qzld` nk `c~` h`cln`n `xki{z`b x{g`hlcln`n nk ~z`j`em | ~kzdlb`hlmbkx qkzgkh~`x"
H`jk nkx~`h`z p{k kc –Gmz~äb 0:1¢— ~lkbk c` d`|mz h`q` nk i`cw`blu`nm kckh~zmcä~lhm nkcdkzh`nm | p{k ìx~k bm xk nkxh`xh`z` qmz dàx p{k kc `c`djzk xk nmjck `e{x~`n`dkb~k"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qzkxkb~`hløb Qkxm Nlàdk~zm H`zi` nkZm~{z`
H`q` nk Hlbh
d-zmccm oi dd oi i-d:
0"111 >8 8#1$:#> 9:; 0:1
@c`djzk nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` 07-0> –Lbwkbhljck¢—
Kx~k kx {b `c`djzk nk xkhhløb mw`c`n` zkhmdkbn`nm q`z` `c`djz`nmx | hkzh`nmx nkqzmqøxl~mx ikbkz`ckx" Nkjlnm ` c`
D`~kzl` qzld` nk `c~` h`cln`n {~lclu`n` q`z` x{ g`jzlh`hløb# kc –Lbwkbhljck¢— zkx{c~`d`ck`jck | gàhlc nk ~z`j`e`z# qkzm `c dlxdm ~lkdqm jzlbn` `c~` zkxlx~kbhl`# khmbmdä` |wkzx`~lcln`n"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qzkxkb~`hløb Qkxm Nlàdk~zm H`zi` nkZm~{z`
H`q` nk Hlbh
d-zmccm oi dd oi i-d:
0"111 87 :#9$:#: 711 001
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 8/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 6 nk :9
@c`djzk nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` 0<-09 –Hmzz`ckzm¢—
Kx~k kx {b `c`djzk lnk`c q`z` c` hmbx~z{hhløb nk hmzz`ckx m qm~zkzmx nmbnk c` f`hlkbn`
kekzhk x{ dàvld` qzkxløb" @ c` `c~` zkxlx~kbhl` nk x{ d`~kzl`c xk ck x{d` {b` xkhhløbmw`c`n` x{d`dkb~k ikbkzmx` q`z` f`hkz nk ìx~k kc `c`djzk dàx zkxlx~kb~k nkcdkzh`nm" Kgkh~lw`dkb~k# x{ h`zi` nk zm~{z` kvhknk c` ~mbkc`n` qmz `c`djzk" Nk ~mn`xgmzd`x# c`x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x nk x{ d`~kzl`c cm f`hkb qkzgkh~`dkb~k ~z`j`e`jck hmbfkzz`dlkb~`x m d`b{`cdkb~k"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qzkxkb~`hløb Qkxm Nlàdk~zm H`zi` nkZm~{z`
H`q` nk Hlbh
d-zmccm oi dd oi i-d:
711 >8 8#<$8#1 0"1;1 0:1
@c`djzk nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` 09-0; –X{qkzh`q`¢—
Nlxkð`nm kxqkhäglh`dkb~k q`z` {x`z kb `c`djz`nmx {jlh`nmx
xmjzk x{kcmx j`emx m lb{bn`jckx" X{ g`jzlh`hløb `q{b~` ` cmiz`z{b d`~kzl`c kxqkhl`cdkb~k `nkh{`nm q`z` xmqmz~`z kc `djlkb~knk umb`x hmx~kz`x m hkzh`b`x ` c`i{b`x | kx~kzmx" Kc xkhzk~m nkx{x `~zlj{~mx kx~à kb {b` nmjck h`q` nk i`cw`blu`nm kckh~zmcä~lhmnk `c~` `nfkzkbhl`"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qzkxkb~`hløb Qkxm Nlàdk~zm H`zi` nkZm~{z`
H`q` nk Hlbh
d-zmccm oi dd oi i-d:
0"111 >8 :#>$8#1 9:; :>1
@c`djzk nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` –Jm|kzm¢—
Kx~k kx {b `c`djzk qkbx`nm kxqkhl`cdkb~k q`z` x{ {xm kb
`c`djz`nmx kcìh~zlhmx" Hmb ~`c glb# xk f` cmiz`nm {b `c`djzk nk
`hkzm nk `c~` zkxlx~kbhl` p{k qkzdl~k {b mq~ldm ~kdqc`nm# qkzm `cdlxdm ~lkdqm# kx {b `c`djzk clwl`bm &{b zmccm nk 0"111 dxmc`dkb~k qkx` :0 Oi,# gàhlc nk ~z`bxqmz~`z | `jxmc{~`dkb~klb`c~kz`jck `b~k cmx `ikb~kx hcldà~lhmx"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qzkxkb~`hløb Qkxm Nlàdk~zm H`zi` nkZm~{z`
H`q` nk Hlbh
d-zmccm oi dd oi i-d:
0"111 :0 0#68 811 <1
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 9/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` < nk :9
• @c`djzkx i`cw`blu`nmx nk Dknl`b` Zkxlx~kbhl`
@c`djzkx Mw`c`nmx nk Dknl`b` Zkxlx~kbhl` –J`p{k`bm¢—
Q`z` cmx iz`bnkx h`dqmx h`z`h~kzäx~lhmx nk b{kx~z` Q`~`imbl` kvlx~k c` xmc{hløb
kxqkz`n`5 –cmx J`p{k`bmx—" Kgkh~lw`dkb~k# q`z` c`x iz`bnkx kv~kbxlmbkx | q`z` kcd`bkem nk `bld`ckx nøhlckx &~`ckx hmdm c`x mwke`x,# kx~k `c`djzk jzlbn` {b` zkxq{kx~`khmbødlh`"
X{ h`q` nk i`cw`blu`nm kckh~zmcä~lhm | x{ d`~kzl` qzld` nk `c~` h`cln`n# f`hkb nk kx~k
`c`djzk {b d`~kzl`c n{z`jck# nøhlc | d{| gàhlc nk ~z`j`e`z"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Dknln` Qzkxkb~`hløb Qkxm Nlàdk~zm H`zi` nkZm~{z`
H`q` nkHlbh
$ d-zmccm oi dd oi i-d:
07-0> 0"111 87 :#:$:#9 8>; 001
09-0; 0"111 >8 :#>$8#1 8<; 001
• @c`djzkx nk Qõ`x nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl`
@c`djzk nk Qõ`x nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` –J`i{`c¢
| J`i{`cl~m¢—
Kx~k kx {b `c`djzk nk iz`b wkzx`~lcln`n# |` p{k qkzdl~k c` d`|mz h`b~ln`n nk`qclh`hlmbkx kb `c`djz`nmx nk ~mnm ~lqm" Kgkh~lw`dkb~k# kx kc `c`djzk lnk`c q`z`
`c`djz`z hf`hz`x# cm~kx | p{lb~`x# |` xk`b ìx~`x nk qkp{kð`x# dknl`b`x m iz`bnkxnldkbxlmbkx" @nkdàx# xk nkx~`h` qmz x{ `c~` zkxlx~kbhl` | khmbmdä`"
X{ qzkxkb~`hløb kx hødmn` | clwl`b`" Qmxkk qõ`x g{kz~kx# glzdkx | `i{n`x"
H`jk nkx~`h`z p{k qmz x{ xlx~kd` nk g`jzlh`hløb bm gmzd` zkxmz~kx `c nkxkbzmcc`zxk"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qzkxkb~`hløb Qkxm Nlàdk~zm H`zi` nkZm~{z`
Nlx~`bhl` kb~zkQõ`x
d-zmccm oi dd oi Q{ci"
;11 :8#;1 0#78 8;1 >
011% >#91 0#78 8;1 >
;1% :#8; 0#78 8;1 >
% Kx~mx qzmn{h~mx xk xmclhl~`b hmdm ̀ c`djzk J`i{`cl~m¢"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 10/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 01 nk :9
@c`djzk nk Qõ`x nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` –X{qkz J`i{`c¢—
Kc `c`djzk nk qõ`x qmz kvhkckbhl`" Kxqkhl`cdkb~k lbnlh`nm q`z` c` hmbx~z{hhløb nk`c`djz`nmx zmj{x~mx# g{kz~kx | n{z`nkzmx" X{d`dkb~k `nkh{`nm q`z` hmb~zmc`z`bld`ckx qkx`nmx k lbp{lk~mx# |` p{k qzkxkb~` {b` `c~` zkxlx~kbhl` | j{kb` gckvljlcln`n
`b~k kc ldq`h~m nk cmx `bld`ckx"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qzkxkb~`hløb Qkxm Nlàdk~zm H`zi` nkZm~{z`
Nlx~`bhl` kb~zkQõ`x
d-zmccm oi dd oi Q{ci"
;11 :9#61 0#68 >;1 ;
;11 81#11 0#68 >;1 >;11 8:#11 0#68 >;1 8
• @c`djzkx ~kelnmx i`cw`blu`nmx
@c`djzk ~kelnm nk `hkzm i`cw`blu`nm –Hmzz`cdk~¢—
Kc `c`djzk ~kelnm –Hmzz`cdk~¢— kx~à hmbgkhhlmb`nm hmb g{kz~kx`c`djzkx nk `c~` zkxlx~kbhl` cmbil~{nlb`ckx &nk :#7> dd nknlàdk~zm,# hmb {b nmjcku kxqkhl`cdkb~k nlxkð`nm q`z` p{k cmx q`ðmxxk d`b~kbi`b ~kbxmx | kcàx~lhmx# | `c`djzkx ~z`bxwkzx`ckx zkhmhlnmx&nk :#18 dd nk nlàdk~zm, –`b{n`nmx— ` h`n` {bm nk cmx m~zmx" Kc
hmbe{b~m# i`cw`blu`nm kckh~zmcä~lh`dkb~k kb x{ ~m~`cln`n# zkx{c~`g{bhlmb`cdkb~k lbdkemz`jck | nk {b` xmclnku ` ~mn` qz{kj`"
Qmz kccm# kx kxqkhl`cdkb~k lbnlh`nm q`z` kc hmb~zmc | d`bkem nkqmzhlbmx# hlkzwmx# hm~mx nk h`u`# `bld`ckx x`cw`ekx | ~mnm ~lqm nk
f`hlkbn` lbnødl~`"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qkxm @c~{z`Nkbmdlb`hløb
Hmdkzhl`c oi -011 d hd
[xmxzkhmdkbn`nmx
9$7;$0;$0: >6#1 7; Q`~mx# q`wmx# i`bxmx
9$7;$81$0: 8<#; 7; Mwke`x
6$90$0;$0: ;>#; 90 Q`~mx# q`wmx# i`bxmx
6$90$81$0: >>#1 90 Mwke`x
<$61$0;$0: 71#1 61 Qmzhlbmx
<$61$81$0: >>#6 61 Qmzhlbmx
00$011$0;$0: 96#7 011 Hlkzwmx# hm~mx
0;$0:1$0;$0: 010#1 0:1 Jmwlbmx
0;$0:1$81$0: 6:#1 0:1 Jmwlbmx
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 11/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 00 nk :9
• @c`djzkx Zknmbnmx I`cw`blu`nmx
Xmb cmx `c`djzkx lbnlh`nmx q`z` `hmdq`ð`z |hmdqckdkb~`z ` ~mnmx cmx `c`djzkx dkbhlmb`nmx`b~kzlmzdkb~k"
Kx~mx `c`djzkx xmb gckvljckx# d`ck`jckx# d{| gàhlckx
nk ~z`j`e`z# cm h{`c qkzdl~k mj~kbkz ~kzdlb`hlmbkxxki{z`x | glzdkx xlb bkhkxln`n nk d`bm nk mjz`kxqkhl`clu`n`"
X{ g{kz~k i`cw`blu`nm kckh~zmcä~lhm ck qzmqmzhlmb`
n{z`hløb `hmznk ` cmx m~zmx `c`djzkx"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Nlàdk~zm QkxmDd H`cljzk LXYI oi-011 d
[xmxX{ikzlnmx
:#18 0> :#;> q`z` kbg`zn`z
:#8> 08 8#89 q`z` kbg`zn`z
:#7> 0: >#:< q`z` zkd`cc`z
:#<> 00 ;#88 q`z` d`bk`x | ̀~`n{z`x
8#:; 01 7#;0 q`z` d`bk`x | ̀~`n{z`x
8#77 < 6#:; zlkbn`x | `~`n{z`x
>#17 6 01#07 zlkbn`x | `~`n{z`x
>#66 7 0>#76 hmzz`ckx
;#86 ; 09#6> hmzz`ckx
6": Qmx~kx
Kb b{kx~zm q`äx xk f` wkblnm {x`bnm ~z`nlhlmb`cdkb~kkc qmx~k nk d`nkz` n{z` nk kxqkhlkx `{~øh~mb`xqzkxkb~kx kb dmb~kx b`~{z`ckx"
Xlb kdj`zim# kx~`x kxqkhlkx xmb nk hzkhldlkb~m
x{d`dkb~k ckb~m# | `b~kx# h{`bnm kz`b `j{bn`b~kxb`nlk zkq`z`j` kb kx` q`z~lh{c`zln`n# qkzm `fmz` p{k
kx~àb kxh`xk`bnm ~mnmx bmx `c`zd`dmx"
W`ci` hmdm kekdqcm5 {b qmx~k kb~kzm | x`bm nk
p{kjz`hfm hmcmz`nm# hmbxlnkz`nm hmdm {b` nk c`xkxqkhlkx dàx bmjckx | n{z`jckx q`z` kxk {xm# xk ck`~zlj{|k {b` wln` õ~lc qzmdknlm nk 81 `ðmx kb {b`c`djz`nm# qkzm `c àzjmc ck cckw` {bmx 011 `ðmxccki`z `c nlàdk~zm nkc qmx~k"
Kx~k kx kc qc`b~km khmcøilhm# qkzm `nkdàx kvlx~k {b`hmbxlnkz`hløb ~ìhblh`5 kc q{b~m dàx hzä~lhm nkh{`cp{lkz qmx~k nk `c`djz`nm kx c` umb` hkzh`b` ` c`
x{qkzglhlk nkc x{kcm# | h`x{`cdkb~k# kx~k dlxdm c{i`zkx kc `qzmwkhf`nm qmz cmx fmbimx p{k `~`h`b c`d`nkz`"
X`cwk{b
Àzjmc
Qc̀ b~k{b Qmx~knk @hkzm
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 12/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 0: nk :9
Kc zkx{c~`nm nk kx~mx nmx g`h~mzkx kx {b` wkzn`nkz` h{kx~løb nk `u`z? `ci{bmx qmx~kx nkd`nkz` nk j{kb mzlikb xk h`kb ` cmx ; `ðmx nk qc`b~`nmx# dlkb~z`x x{x hmdq`ðkzmxqkzd`bkhkb kb qlì ` cmx ;1 `ðmx" B`nlk cm q{knk qzknkhlz!
Kc õblhm qmx~k hmbgl`jck p{k qmxkk n{z`hløb c`zi` | q`zke` kx kc qmx~k nk `hkzm qkx`nm#qmzp{k kc `hkzm xk qzm~kik hmb x{ qzmqlm øvlnm | hmdm kx {b qzmn{h~m lbn{x~zl`c xk
q{knk hmbmhkz nk `b~kd`bm | hmb qzkhlxløb x{ hmdqmz~`dlkb~m"
C` õblh` hmbxlnkz`hløb p{k dkzkhk f`hkzxk kx p{k kc {xm nk qmx~kx nk `hkzm zkp{lkzk {b
h`djlm nk dkb~`cln`n hmb zkxqkh~m `c `zd`nm | d`b~kbldlkb~m nk cmx `c`djz`nmx"
½Hødm ~z`j`e`b cmx qmx~kx kb cmx `c`djz`nmx dmnkzbmx=
C` g{bhløb nk cmx qmx~kx lb~kzdknlmx kx d{hfm dàx hc`z` | nkglbln` kb cmx xlx~kd`xdmnkzbmx" Kb kgkh~m# nlhfmx qmx~kx xøcm nkjkb zkxlx~lz kvhc{xlw`dkb~k cmx kxg{kzumx~z`bxwkzx`ckx m qkzqkbnlh{c`zkx `c `c`djz`nm" Hmdm cmx `c`djzkx clxmx hmzzkbcljzkdkb~k qmz c`x qkzgmz`hlmbkx nk cmx qmx~kx m qmz q`x`flcmx fmci`nmx# ~mn`x c`x m~z`x
h`zi`x c`x xmqmz~`b cmx `c`djzkx p{k# ` x{ wku# c`x ~z`bxglkzkb kcàx~lh`dkb~k ` cmx
`zz`bp{kx" @nkdàx# kb `ci{bmx xlx~kd`x dmnkzbmx# cmx q`x`flcmx q{knkb `h~{`z hmdmg{xljckx5 xl c` h`zi` kx kvhkxlw` &qmz kekdqcm# h{`bnm xk h`k {b àzjmc xmjzk kc`c`djz`nm,# x`c~`b `b~kx nk `gkh~`z `c qmx~k m cmx `c`djzkx"
• Qmx~kx nk @hkzm
Qmx~kx nk @hkzm –G`høb¢— q`z` @c`djz`nmx^z`nlhlmb`ckx
Kx~k qmx~k xk h`z`h~kzlu` qmz x{ xmclnku ` ~mn`qz{kj`"
X{ qkzglc nk `hkzm &X@K 01;;, c`dlb`nm kb h`clkb~k nk> dd nk kxqkxmz# ck m~mzi` {b` ~m~`c lbnlgkzkbhl` `cmx kxg{kzumx# c` cc{wl`# kc xmc# cmx fmbimx# kc ~`c`nzlccm#kc g{kim5 b`n` cm `gkh~`"
Kx~à nlxkð`nm q`z` khmbmdlu`z ~lkdqm | nlbkzm#qmzp{k xk hmcmh` gàhlcdkb~k#
| xl {x~kn h{kb~` hmb {b hc`w`nmz d`b{`c# nk 0: Oink qkxm# bl xlp{lkz` ~kbnzà bkhkxln`n nk f`hkz qmumx"
H`jk nkx~`h`z# p{k cmx qmx~kx nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— wlkbkb qkzgmz`nmx nk gàjzlh` hmb
`i{ekzmx nk 9 dd nk nlàdk~zm h`n` ; hd"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 13/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 08 nk :9
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Qzkxkb~`hløbDknln`x
Qkxm Qzmg{bnln`nzkhmdkbn`n`
d oi d
[xm kb`c`djz`nmx
0#; >#>; 1#71 Kcìh~zlhm q`z` c`b`zkx
0#6 ;#8; 1#61 Kcìh~zlhm q`z` w`h{bmx
:#1 ;#91 1#61 ^z`nlhlmb`ckx mwlbmx-qmzhlbmx
:#: 7#8; 1#<1 ^z`nlhlmb`ckx mwlbmx-w`h{bmx
:#> 9#:; 0#11 ^z`nlhlmb`ckx w`h{bmx
8#1 6#91 0#11 Hlkzwmx# hm~mx | hkzh`nmx
Qmx~kx nk @hkzm Lb~kzdknlm q`z` @c`djz`nmxKcìh~zlhmx
• Dàx clwl`bmx p{k c`x ~z`nlhlmb`ckx"• Nk `c~` gmz~`cku` qmz c` h`cln`n nk x{x d`~kzl`ckx"• Gàhlc | zàqln` hmcmh`hløb" Xk imcqk` hmb kc `qclh`nmz
| xk {jlh`b cmx nmx hclqx `lxc`nmzkx ` c`x `c~{z`xnkxk`n`x"
• @n`q~`jckx ` ~mnm ~lqm nk `c~{z` nk `bld`ckx"• Khmcøilhmx# lbhmdj{x~ljckx | zk{~lclu`jckx"
• Kvhkckb~k zkc`hløb qzkhlm - h`cln`n"• Iz`b n{z`jlcln`n qmz x{ i`cw`blu`nm lb~kzbm | kv~kzbm# p{k ck m~mzi` {b` lbdkemz`jck
qzm~khhløb"• Zkhmdkbn`nm q`z` nlwkzxmx {xmx# kb kxqkhl`c q`z` cäbk`x d`nzkx | h`cckembkx"
Dmnkcm Cmbil~{n
QK 071 071 hd
Qzkxkb~`hløb
Kb q`p{k~kx nk 0; {bln`nkx#hmb {b` jmcx` nk 81 `lxc`nmzkx~lqm hclqx"
@hhkxmzlm mqhlmb`c5 @qclh`nmz
nk qmx~kx &xk zkhmdlkbn`," QK ::1 ::1 hd
6"8 W`zlcc`x
P{luàx c` nkbmdlb`hløb dàx `nkh{`n` q`z` cm p{k ~mnm kc d{bnm hmbmhk hmdm–w`zlcc`x—# xkzä` `b~lxkq`z`nmzkx# qmzp{k kx kxk qzkhlx`dkb~k {bm nk cmx kgkh~mx p{kxk j{xh` kb kx~mx kckdkb~mx5 kwl~`z p{k cmx `c`djzkx xk xkq`zkb"
Kc m~zm kgkh~m ldqmz~`b~k kx zkq`z~lz cmx kxg{kzumx kb~zk ~mnmx cmx `c`djzkx"
Xl jlkb c`x w`zlcc`x h{dqckb {b` g{bhløb ldqmz~`b~k kb cmx xlx~kd`x ~z`nlhlmb`ckx nk`c`djz`nmx# cmx xlx~kd`x dmnkzbmx ~lkbnkb ` nlxdlb{lz c` h`b~ln`n nk w`zlcc`x qmz hc`zm|# kb ~mnmx cmx h`xmx# ` zkkdqc`u`z c`x zäiln`x ~z`nlhlmb`ckx qmz c`x `h~{`ckx# gckvljckx |#
qmz xmjzk ~mn`x c`x hmx`x# nk zàqln` hmcmh`hløb"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 14/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 0> nk :9
• W`zlcc`x nk @hkzm I`cw`blu`n`x
W`zlcc`x I`cw`blu`n`x –@jzmem¢—
Kx~`x dmnkzb`x w`zlcc`x nk `hkzm# kx~àb qzm~kiln`x qmz {b`
h`q` nk i`cw`blu`nm kckh~zmcä~lhm p{k ckx m~mzi` c` dàvld`n{z`hløb"
X{ nlxkðm kxqkhl`c ck qkzdl~k {b` zàqln` hmcmh`hløb hmb c`xldqck `|{n` nk {b nkx~mzblcc`nmz# xlb bkhkxln`n nk
d`bk`zc`x# `õb hmb cmx `c`djzkx nk qõ`x" @nkdàx xmbclwl`b`x# gàhlckx nk ~z`bxqmz~`z | bm zkp{lkzkb nkqzkq`z`hløb bl `i{ekzk`nm qzkwlm"
H`jk nkx~`h`z# p{k c`x nmx –q`~`x— kxqkhl`ckx nk x{x
kv~zkdmx c`x f`hkb `jxmc{~`dkb~k bm nkxclu`b~kx# `õb hmb`c`djzkx clxmx"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
Cmbil~{n Nlàdk~zm nkc@c`djzk
Qkxm Nlx~`bhl`x kb~zk FlcmxNkbmdlb`hløbHmdkzhl`c
hd dd i hd
8 flcmx 71 >#11 <9 81$81
> flcmx 9; >#11 0:0 :;$:;$:;
; flcmx 6> >#11 08< :0$:0$:0$:0
7 flcmx <; >#11 071 :0$:0$:0$07$07
9 flcmx 01; >#11 06> :1$:1$:1$0;$0;$0;
W`zlcc`x Dk~àclh`x I`cw`blu`n`x
• Dàx clwl`b`x p{k c`x ~z`nlhlmb`ckx"• Nk `c~` gmz~`cku` qmz x{ nlxkðm | h`cln`n nk d`~kzl`ckx"• Nk gàhlc | zàqln` hmcmh`hløb hmb xldqckx hclqx |
fkzz`dlkb~`x"
• Zkxlx~kb~kx `c ldq`h~m nk h{`cp{lkz ~lqm nk f`hlkbn`"• Khmcøilhmx# lbhmdj{x~ljckx | zk{~lclu`jckx"
• Kvhkckb~k zkc`hløb qzkhlm - h`cln`n"• Iz`b n{z`jlcln`n qmz x{ i`cw`blu`nm# p{k ck m~mzi` {b` lbdkemz`jck qzm~khhløb
`b~lhmzzmxlw`"
Dmnkcm Cmbil~{n Nlx~`bhl`kb~zk
`i{ekzmx; flcmx 61 hd :"; hd
7 flcmx 011 hd :"; hd
Qzkxkb~`hløb
Kb q`p{k~kx nk hlbh{kb~`
&;1, {bln`nkx# hmb {b` jmcx`nk hclqx | x{ fkzz`dlkb~` nkhmcmh`hløb"
9 flcmx 0:1 hd :"; hd
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 15/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 0; nk :9
6"> ̂ kbxmzkx
Xk nkbmdlb` ikbìzlh`dkb~k ~kbxmzkx ` ~mnmx cmx zkh{zxmx p{k q{knkb xkz {~lclu`nmx hmbkc mjek~m nk d`b~kbkz kx~lz`nmx cmx `c`djzkx nk {b `c`djz`nm"
Kc hmbhkq~m f` kwmc{hlmb`nm ~`djlìb kb kx~k h`dqm" Kb kgkh~m# c`x `b~li{`x qkx`n`x |zõx~lh`x –~mzblp{k~`x— f`b xlnm x{qc`b~`n`x hmb hzkhkx qmz cmx `h~{`ckx –Izlqqckx—# p{kqkzdl~kb {b` dkemz` x{x~`bhl`c bm xøcm kb kc ~kbx`nm# xlbm kb kc kdq`cdk nk nmxkv~zkdmx nk `c`djzk"
Xlx~kd` –Izlqqck¢—
Kx~k kx {b xlx~kd` hmdqck~m q`z` c` hmbx~z{hhløb nk`c`djz`nmx g{kz~kx | n{z`nkzmx# p{k hmdqckdkb~` kx`g{bhløb hmb c` qmxljlcln`n nk {blz | zkq`z`z `c`djzkx clxmx mnk qõ`x kb gmzd` x{d`dkb~k qzàh~lh` | kglhlkb~k"
Nkjlnm ` x{ hmbx~z{hhløb kb `hkzm lbmvln`jck | `ck`hlmbkx nkhlbh# cmx izlqqckx bm xk mvln`b"
Xmb clwl`bmx | gàhlckx nk ~z`bxqmz~`z &h`jkb :1 kb {bjmcxlccm," Xlb kdj`zim# x{ qmhm qkxm bm `gkh~` x{ gmz~`cku`|` p{k q{knkb zkxlx~lz ~kbxlmbkx nk f`x~` 711 oi &dmnkcmD`vl,"
X{x h`z`h~kzäx~lh`x ~ìhblh`x xmb5
H`zi` dàvld` Gmzd` nk x{dlblx~zmNkbmdlb`hløbhmdkzhl`c
Nlàdk~zmx nk cmx`c`djzkx oi {bln`nkx
Izlqqck¢ Xd`cc 0"11 ̀ :"11 dd ::1 Jmcx` nk :1 - H`e` nk 811
Izlqqck¢ Dknl{d :"11 ̀ 8":; dd 8;1 Jmcx` nk :1 - H`e` nk :11
Izlqqck¢ D`vl :";1 ̀ >"11 dd 711 Jmcx` nk 01 - H`e` nk 0:1
Qlbu` Izlqqck¢ ^mnmx cmx dmnkcmx 811 H`e` hmb 0 {bln`n
6"; @lxc`nmzkx
Kvlx~kb kb kc dkzh`nm {b` iz`b w`zlkn`n nk ~lqmx | dmnkcmx g`jzlh`nmx kb qmzhkc`b`#wlnzlm | qcàx~lhm"
@hlbn`z zkhmdlkbn` c` {~lclu`hløb nk cmx hclqx `hhkxmzlmx q`z` Qmx~kx nk @hkzmI`cw`blu`nm m cmx hclqx `hhkxmzlmx q`z` cmx Qmx~kx nk @hkzm –G`høb¢—" @djmx g{kzmb
nkx`zzmcc`nmx hmb c` õc~ld` ~khbmcmiä` kb qcàx~lhmx | kb x{ g`jzlh`hløb xk {~lclu` c`Qmcl`dln` 7# p{k g{k kc hmdq{kx~m hmb p{k xk cmizm kc dkemz zkx{c~`nm q`z` kx~k {xm"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 16/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 07 nk :9
< Cmx –`c`djz`nmx xlx~kd`x—"
Xmb cmx `c`djz`nmx p{k f`b xlnm qzm|kh~`nmx hmdm {b hmbe{b~m kb~zk kc nlxkðm | cmxd`~kzl`ckx q`z` h{dqclz hmb {b mjek~lwm nk~kzdlb`nm"
Cmx dmnkcmx p{k `p{ä xk qzkxkb~`b# xk zkhmdlkbn`b kb wlz~{n nk x{ zkbnldlkb~mhmdqzmj`nm ` ~z`wìx nk c`zimx `ðmx nk {xm |-m kvqkzlkbhl`"
<"0 @c`djz`nmx kcìh~zlhmx
<"0"0 @c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm q`z` Mwlbmx
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzkx nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` –Jm|kzm¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk 0#; d"
• @lxc`nmz ~lqm hclq q`z` qmx~k –G`høb¢—
• Nlx~`bhl` kb~zk qmx~kx nk :; ` 81 d"
<"0": @c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm q`z` W`h{bmx
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzkx nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` –Jm|kzm¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk 0#6 m :#1 d"
• @lxc`nmz ~lqm hclq q`z` qmx~k –G`høb¢—
• Nlx~`bhl` kb~zk qmx~kx nk :; ` 81 d"
<"0"8 @c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm q`z` W`h{bmx | Mwlbmx
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzkx nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` –Jm|kzm¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm q`z` `c`djz`nm kcìh~zlhm nk 0"71 d&dmnkcm QK 071,"
• Nmx `lxc`nmzkx ~lqm hclq q`z` qmx~k kcìh~zlhm"
• Nlx~`bhl` kb~zk qmx~kx :; ` 81 d"
<1 hd
;1 hd
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 17/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 09 nk :9
<": @c`djz`nmx x{xqkbnlnmx
<":"0 @c`djz`nm –nk 8 flcmx x{xqkbnlnm— q`z` w`h`x nk ~`djm
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzkx nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` 09-0; –Gmz~äb 0:1¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk :#: d h- :; ` 81 d"
• W`zlcc`x I`cw`blu`n`x –@jzmem¢— nk 8 flcmx# 7 ` 6
qmz hc`zm"
<":": @c`djz`nm –nk > flcmx x{xqkbnlnm— q`z` bmwlccmx
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzkx nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` 09-0; –Gmz~äb 0:1¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk :#> d h- :; ` 81 d"
• W`zlcc`x I`cw`blu`n`x –@jzmem¢— nk > flcmx# 7 ` 6
qmz hc`zm"
<":"8 @c`djz`nm –nk ; flcmx x{xqkbnlnm— q`z` dõc~lqckx {xmx
[xmx5 Zkhzä`# lbwkzb`n`# ~`djm | nlwlxløb nk qm~zkzmx`izähmc`x"
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzkx nk @c~` Zkxlx~kbhl` 09-0; –Gmz~äb 0:1¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk :#> d h- :; ` 81 d"
• W`zlcc`x I`cw`blu`n`x –@jzmem¢— nk ; flcmx# 7 ` 6qmz hc`zm"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 18/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 06 nk :9
<"8 @c`djz`nmx ~z`nlhlmb`ckx
<"8"0 @c`djz`nm –nk 7 flcmx— q`z` Mwlbmx kb Q`~`imbl`
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzkx nk Dknl`b` Zkxlx~kbhl` 09-0;
–J`p{k`bm¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk :#: d h- 07 ` 06 d"
• W`zlcc`x I`cw`blu`n`x –@jzmem¢— nk 7 flcmx m w`zlcc`x
dk~àclh`x nk 0 d# `dj`x < ` 00 qmz hc`zm"
<"8": @c`djz`nm –nk 9 flcmx— ~z`nlhlmb`c
[xmx5 Dàvld` `dqcl~{n nk `qclh`hlmbkx"
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzkx nk @Z 09-0; –Gmz~äb 0:1¢—"
• @c`djzk nk Qõ`x nk @Z –X{qkz J`i{`c¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk :#> d h- 01 ` 0: d"
• W`zlcc`x I`cw`blu`n`x –@jzmem¢— nk 9 flcmx mw`zlcc`x dk~àclh`x nk 0":1 d# `dj`x > ` 7 qmz hc`zm"
<"> @c`djz`nmx ~kelnmx
<">"0 @c`djz`nm q`z` Qmzhlbmx
[xmx5 ^mn` h`~kimzä` nk i`b`nm qmzhlbm"
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzk ^kelnm –Hmzz`cdk~¢— <$61$0;$0:"
• @c`djzkx nk @Z 09-0; –Gmz~äb 0:1¢—"
• @c`djzk nk Qõ`x nk @Z –X{qkz J`i{`c¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk :#: d h`n` 8 ` ; d"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 19/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` 0< nk :9
<">": @c`djz`nm q`z` Hlkzwmx
[xmx5 Hlkzwmx# `wkx~z{hkx | hm~mx nk h`u`"
H`z`h~kzäx~lh`x5
• @c`djzk ^kelnm –Hmzz`cdk~¢—00$011$0;$0: &: x{qkzq{kx~mx,"
• @c`djzkx nk @Z 09-0; –Gmz~äb 0:1¢—"
• @c`djzk nk Qõ`x nk @Z –X{qkz J`i{`c¢—"
• Qmx~k nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— nk 8#1 d h`n` 8 ` ; d"
01 C` ~ìhblh` nkc ~kbnlnm nk `c`djz`nmx"
01"0 Kckhhløb | d`zh`hløb nkc ~z`u`nm
Q`z` hmdkbu`z kc ~z`u`nm kx zkhmdkbn`jck ~kbkz5
• ; ø 7 h`ð`x m w`z`x nk :#1$:#; hd nk nlàdk~zm qmz 0#6$:#1 d nk c`zim $q`z` {x`z
hmdm e`cmbkx glemx$#• {b` h`ð` dàx hmz~` q`z` {x`z hmdm e`cøb døwlc#• {b` h`b~ln`n `nkh{`n` nk kx~`h`x q`z` d`zh`z kc ~kzzkbm#• {b` d`u` q`z` hc`w`z c`x kx~`h`x#
• {b `|{n`b~k"
Kx~k dì~mnm zkhmdkbn`nm q`z` c` d`zh`hløb# kx õ~lc q`z`5
• ~z`dmx kv~kbxmx &dàx nk 0 od,#
• ~z`dmx nk wlxljlcln`n nlglh{c~mx`"
C` qzldkz` mqkz`hløb hmbxlx~k kb hc`w`z {b e`cøb kb kc q{b~m nk q`z~ln`" Nkxnk kx~k
q{b~m xk f`hk `w`bu`z `c `|{n`b~k hmb cmx m~zmx e`cmbkx cm dàx ckemx qmxljck# kb c`nlzkhhløb kckiln`# i{làbnmcm qmz xkð`x nkxnk c` q`z~ln`"
Kx hmbwkblkb~k p{k kc `xlx~kb~k w`|` hmb~`bnm x{x q`xmxq`z` p{k xk nk~kbi` dàx m dkbmx ` cmx :11 d" Kb kxkc{i`z# xl ~mnm kx~à jlkb# kc hmc`jmz`nmz hc`w` kc :µ e`cøb |bmx kxqkz`"
@ hmb~lb{`hløb# w`dmx bmxm~zmx `c kbh{kb~zm nkc dlxdm qmz c` cäbk` p{k {bk cmx e`cmbkx#kx~` wku j`em c` i{ä` nk b{kx~zm `|{n`b~k" Kx j{kbm mjxkzw`z `~kb~`dkb~k ~mnmx cmxnk~`cckx nkc ~kzzkbm"
@c ccki`z ` 01 ø :1 d nkc :µ e`cøb# qc`b~`dmx b{kx~zm e`cøb døwlc $p{k {x`zkdmx hmdmdlz`$# qkzgkh~`dkb~k `clbk`nm kb~zk kc 0µ | :µ e`cøb# nk `h{kznm ` c`x lbnlh`hlmbkxzkhljln`x"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 20/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` :1 nk :9
Kb~mbhkx# nkxnk b{kx~z` qmxlhløb# f`hlkbnm {b` wlx{`c kb~zk kc e`cøb døwlc | kc :µ e`cøb#i{l`zkdmx kc `w`bhk nkc `|{n`b~k qmz m~zmx :11 d f`hl` kc c{i`z nmbnk qc`b~`zà kc e`cøb8µ" [b` wku fkhfm kx~m# ckw`b~`dmx b{kx~zm e`cøb døwlc | w`dmx `c kbh{kb~zm nkb{kx~zm `|{n`b~k q`z` zkqk~lz kx~k qzmhknldlkb~m ~`b~`x wkhkx xk` bkhkx`zlm f`x~`
ccki`z `c glb`c nkc zkhmzzlnm"
Cmx e`cmbkx p{k qc`b~` kc `|{n`b~k xlkdqzk p{kn`b kb kc ~kzzkbm q`z` xkð`c`z cmx~z`dmx –c`zimx— f`x~` hmbhc{lz kc `c`djz`nm"
01": @zz`bp{kx# kxp{lbkzmx | kx~`hlmbkx
^mnm ~lzm zkh~m nk `c`djz`nm ~lkbk nmx kv~zkdmx | kb nlhfmx q{b~mx xk {jlh`b xkbnmx–`zz`bp{kx—" Kx~`x xmb c`x kx~z{h~{z`x g{bn`dkb~`ckx nkc `c`djz`nm" H{`bnm kc ~lzm`zz`bh` m d{kzk kb àbi{cm `qzmvld`n`dkb~k zkh~m hmb m~zm ~lzm# kb c{i`z nk `zz`bp{k
xk cm cc`d` –kxp{lbkzm—" Kb h`djlm# h{`bnm kc ~lzm xk hmb~lbõ` hmb m~zm kb c` dlxd` cäbk`m kb {b –p{lkjzk—# `c `zz`bp{k xk cm cc`d` –kx~`hløb—"
Kvlx~k {b iz`b w`zlkn`n nk nlxkðmx nk `zz`bp{kx" Kc p{k `p{ä xk qzkxkb~` kx {b j{kbdmnkcm q`z` {x`z hmb qmx~kx nk `hkzm lb~kzdknlmx# |` p{k kx glzdk# kgkh~lwm | gàhlc nk
`zd`z"
Q m x ~k q z l b h l q` c
Q { b ~` c
Q m x ~ kx k h { b n` z l m
Q ` x ` n m z
Kc Kxp{lbkzm Dk~àclhm @hlbn`z cm hmbgmzd`b kc xli{lkb~knk~`cck5
• [b qmx~k qzlbhlq`c nk h`ðm i`cw`blu`nm nk : ´ Q{ci"| nk :#71 d nk cmbil~{n"
• [b qmx~k xkh{bn`zlm nk h`ðm i`cw`blu`nm nk : ´
Q{ci" | nk 1#71 d nk cmbil~{n"
• [b q{b~`c nk h`ðm i`cw`blu`nm nk :#07 d nkcmbil~{n"
• Hmdqckdkb~mx 5 W`zlcc`x zmxh`n`x# ~z`wkx`ðm# qc`h`nk kdq{ek# u`q`~` | x{x hmzzkxqmbnlkb~kx {blmbkx"
Qlku`x nkc `zz`bp{k
Kc dmnkcm nk `zz`bp{k ~kzdlb`nm nkjk p{kn`z xkiõb xk
lc{x~z` kb kx~` gli{z`"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 21/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` :0 nk :9
Q`z` zk`clu`zcm xk hmdlkbu` f`hlkbnm {b fm|m nk 0:1 hd nkqzmg{bnln`n# x{glhlkb~k hmdm q`z` kdqm~z`z c` j`xk nkc
qmx~k qzlbhlq`c" Xk qmbk nlhfm qmx~k kb qmxlhløb# h{ln`bnmc` wkz~lh`c | c` `clbk`hløb hmb kc `c`djz`nm# c{kim xk gle``qlxmb`bnm g{kz~kdkb~k c` ~lkzz` `czknknmz"
Q`x`nmzXk f`hk c{kim {b fm|m nk ;1 hd q`z` kc qmx~k xkh{bn`zlm `0#>; d nkc qzlbhlq`c# xli{lkbnm c` cäbk` nkc `c`djz`nm"
Xk qmbk kc qmx~k xkh{bn`zlm kb qmxlhløb# dlkb~z`x xk {jlh`kc q{b~`c hmb kc kv~zkdm x{qkzlmz ~z`j`nm hmb kc q`x`nmz
‘qzkwl`dkb~k lbxkz~`nm kb kc `i{ekzm nkc qmx~k qzlbhlq`c$ |kc kv~zkdm lbgkzlmz f`hlkbnm qlì kb c` q`z~k `jlkz~` nkcqmx~k xkh{bn`zlm"
Xk xmx~lkbk ~mnm kc hmbe{b~m qzkxlmb`bnm dlkb~z`x xk
`zzld` | `qlxmb` c` ~lkzz` `czknknmz nkc qmx~k xkh{bn`zlmf`x~` p{k ~mnm xk xmx~kbi` xmcm"
C{kim wlkbk c` q`z~k nk c` zlkbn` nk `c`djzk" Kx~` w` ` lz
nkc qmx~k qzlbhlq`c `c xkh{bn`zlm"Q`z` f`hkz c` zlkbn` xk n`b 8 w{kc~`x nk `c`djzk B± <# xkkx~lz` jlkb kc `c`djzk | xk `~`b cmx kv~zkdmx"
C{kim xk q`x` {b ~zmum nk h`ðm nk —́ nk {bmx ;1 hd qmz kc hkb~zm nk c` zlkbn` &kb~zk
cmx nmx qmx~kx, p{k xk ilz` nk gmzd` ~`c nk zk~mzhkz cmx `c`djzkx xmjzk xä dlxdmx" C`mqkz`hløb hmbhc{|k h{`bnm xk gmzd` {b` kxqkhlk nk –h`jck— hmb cmx 7 flcmx nk `c`djzk |kc hmbe{b~m p{kn` qkzgkh~`dkb~k `e{x~`nm"Kx~k dmnkcm nk `zz`bp{k q{knk zkp{kzlz nk {b –hz{hkzm— gle`nm `c qmx~k qzlbhlq`c# nk {b`–u`q`~`— j`em kc qmx~k xkh{bn`zlm |-m nk {b` –qc`h` nk kdq{ek—# xl kc ~kzzkbm kx x{kc~m m
qmhm glzdk"Hmbwlkbk hmbx~z{lz ~mnmx cmx `zz`bp{kx bkhkx`zlmx `b~kx nk q`x`z `c ~kbnlnm nk cmx`c`djzkx"H`jk zkhmzn`z p{k ` kx~k dmnkcm zkhmdkbn`nm nk `zz`bp{k xøcm xk ck `izki`b q{b~`ckx#qmx~kx xkh{bn`zlmx | zlkbn`x &`hhkxmzlmx q`z` kxp{lbkzmx, q`z` `zd`z kxp{lbkzmx
dõc~lqckx | kx~`hlmbkx"Kx nkhlz p{k kb ~mnmx cmx h`xmx xk d`b~lkbk {b õblhm qmx~k qzlbhlq`c"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 22/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` :: nk :9
01"8 Hmcmh`hløb nk Qmx~kx
01"8"0 Qmx~kx Lb~kzdknlmx q`z` @c`djz`nmx
Cmx qmx~kx nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— xmb d{| gàhlckx nk lbx~`c`z"
Qmx~kx nk `hkzm —G`høb¢—
Q`z` kdqku`z kx~mx qmx~kx w`b hc`w`nmx kb kc ~kzzkbm# qmz cm h{`c bm kx bkhkx`zlm h`w`zfm|mx bl `qlxmb`z c` ~lkzz`"
Hc`w`nmz d`b{`c
C` lbx~`c`hløb nk h`n` qmx~k kx d{| xkbhlcc`5 ccki`nm `c c{i`z# xk lb~zmn{hk c` h`jku` nkcqmx~k qmz kc kv~zkdm `jlkz~m nkc hc`w`nmz | xk {jlh` c` q{b~` nkc qmx~k kb kc q{b~m nkc~kzzkbm nmbnk xk w` ` hc`w`z"
Fkhfm kx~m# xk hmcmh` wkz~lh`c kc hmbe{b~m qmx~k$hc`w`nmz# xk `clbk` hmb kc `c`djz`nm |xk hmdlkbu` ` hc`w`z ckw`b~`bnm kc hc`w`nmz | nkeàbnmcm h`kz xmjzk kc qmx~k xlb x`h`zcmnk c{i`z"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 23/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` :8 nk :9
Kc hc`w`nmz qkx` 0: Oi | qmxkk nmx d`ble`x# qmz cm p{k q{knk `hhlmb`zxk hødmn`dkb~k~`b~m hmb {b` hmdm hmb nmx qkzxmb`x"
Cmx qmx~kx –G`høb¢— q{knkb {~lclu`zxk kb nmx –mzlkb~`hlmbkx—# hmb zkxqkh~m ` c` cäbk`
nkc ~kbnlnm5
C` qzmg{bnln`n zkhmdkbn`n` q`z` hc`w`z cmx qmx~kx nk `hkzm –G`høb¢— kx~ànk~kzdlb`n` qmz kc õc~ldm `i{ekzm p{k nkjk p{kn`z hmlbhlnlkbnm hmb c` x{qkzglhlk nkc~kzzkbm"
01"8": Qmx~kx Lb~kzdknlmx q`z` @c`djz`nmx Kcìh~zlhmx
0" Lbxkz~`z cmx hclqx# nkeàbnmcmx{jlh`nmx ` c` dl~`n nkc qmx~k"[b` wku zk`clu`n` kx~`mqkz`hløb | c{kim nk f`jkz~z`bp{k`nm | d`zh`nm kc~kzzkbm# kb~kzz`z kc dlxdm `{b` qzmg{bnln`n nk 71 hd"
:" ^kbx`z cmx `c`djzkx ` c`x`c~{z`x nkxk`n`x"
Qmx~kzlmzdkb~k kbi`bhf`zcmxkb cmx me`ckx nk cmx `lxc`nmzkxxkiõb lbnlh` c` gm~m"
8" Zkqk~lz c` mqkz`hløb kb h`n` {bmnk cmx qmx~kx"
Bm~`5 Kb kc h`xm nk ~z`j`e`z hmb mwlbmx | jmwlbmx xld{c~àbk`dkb~k# xk zkhmdlkbn`{jlh`z cmx `lxc`nmzkx ` ;1 | <1 hd"
01"> ^kbnlnm nk `c`djzkx
Kb cmx `c`djzkx p{k w`b kbfkjz`bnm cmx qmx~kx qmz x{x`i{ekzmx zkxqkh~lwmx m qmz cmx hclqx q`z` ~`c glb# xk nke` kc
zmccm kb kc `zz`bp{k# hmb {b `|{n`b~k p{k w` `ndlblx~z`bnmkc `c`djzk# | xk ~z`bxl~`b cmx qmx~kx kbfkjz`bnm h`n` {bmf`x~` ccki`z `c glb`c nkc ~kbnlnm"
Hmb cmx `c`djzkx | ~kelnmx p{k bm `~z`wlkx`b cmx qmx~kx
kvlx~kb nmx `c~kzb`~lw`x5 nke`z kc zmccm kb c` j`xk k lz ~lz`bnmnkc kv~zkdm# hmdm kb kc h`xm `b~kzlmz# m `~`z kc kv~zkdm kb
c` j`xk k lz ~z`bxl~`bnm c` cäbk` qmz~`bnm kc zmccm | nke`bnmx`clz kc `c`djzk ` dknln` p{k xk bkhkxl~`" Kb `djmx h`xmxq{knkb f`hkzxk c`x mqkz`hlmbkx hmb c` `|{n` nk {b wkfäh{cm"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 24/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` :> nk :9
Cmx `c`djzkx | ~kelnmx p{k bm `~z`wlkx`b cmx qmx~kx xkwlbh{c`b ` cmx qmx~kx qmz dknlm nk –`~`n{z`x—# –d`bk`x— m
–hmzhfk~kx— hmbgkhhlmb`nmx hmb `c`djzk i`cw`blu`nm Bµ < mcmx bmwknmxmx hclqx `hhkxmzlmx q`z` kx~k {xm kxqkhäglhm"
Cmx kv~zkdmx nk cmx `c`djzkx clxmx xk gle`b ` cmx qmx~kx nkcmx `zz`bp{kx qmz dknlm nk {b Izlqqck¢ kb h`n` q{b~`"Kx~m xlzwk q`z` wlbh{c`z cmx `c`djzkx ` cmx `zz`bp{kx"
Q`z` zk`clu`z kx~` mqkz`hløb xk qzmhknk `xä5
`, xk q`x`b ;1-71 hd nkc kv~zkdm nkc `c`djzk qmz {bm nkcmx `i{ekzmx nkc Izlqqck¢#
j, hmb kc `c`djzk q`x`nm qmz kc Izlqqck¢# xk zmnk` kc qmx~k` c` `c~{z` p{k hmzzkxqmbn`#
h, kc kv~zkdm nkc `c`djzk xk w{kcwk ` lb~zmn{hlz kb kck
Izlqqck# kx~` wku qmz kc m~zm `i{ekzm#
n,
xk q`x` x{glhlkb~k `c`djzk hmdm q`z` p{k q{kn` xkz~md`nm qmz c` dmzn`u` nk c` qlbu` Izlqqck¢ | `xä qmnkz~kbx`zcm"
Nlzkhhløb nk cmx `c`djzkx kb {b
`zz`bp{k
Q`z` cmx `c`djzkx nk qõ`x | cmx ~kelnmx# hmbwlkbk {~lclu`zizlqqckx q`z` {blzcmx ` qkn`umx nk `c`djzkx clxm# p{kkb~mbhkx xk d`bke`b hmdm xk lbnlhm `b~kzlmzdkb~k# m ` m~zm~z`dm nk qõ`x m ~kelnm zkxqkh~lw`dkb~k q`z` hmb~lb{`z hmb
kc ~kbnlnm"[b` nk c`x wkb~`e`x p{k qzmqmzhlmb` kc {xm nk izlqqckx kxp{k bm xmc`dkb~k xlzwkb q`z` {blz m wlbh{c`z `c`djzkx# xlbmhmb kc dlxdm xlx~kd` xk d`b~lkbk ~mnm kc hmbe{b~m kb~kbxløb `nkh{`n`"
Q`z` `hhlmb`z c` qlbu` Izlqqck¢ nkjk {jlh`zxk kc jz`umkdq{e`nmz ` <1± hmb kc `c`djzk ~mh`bnm kc kv~zkdm nkcIzlqqck¢" C{kim xk kdjmh` kc kv~zkdm nkc `c`djzk ` ~kbx`zhmb kc jz`um dmzn`u` f`x~` p{k kc hmb~`h~m xk` qckbm"
Xk `jzkb | hlkzz`b cmx jz`umx zkqk~ln`x wkhkx f`x~` cmiz`z c` ~kbxløb nkxk`n` kb kc
`c`djzk"C` qlbu` Izlqqck¢ ~lkbk {b nlxkðm kzimbødlhm p{k qkzdl~k kekzhkz `c~`x ~kbxlmbkx kb cmx`c`djzkx hmb hmdmnln`n# ~`b~m ` nlkx~zmx hmdm u{znmx | nkxnk h{`cp{lkz c`nm nkc`c`djz`nm"@nkdàx# kc {xm nkc –Xlx~kd` Izlqqck¢— f`hk lbbkhkx`zl` c` dàp{lb` nk kx~lz`z
`c`djzkx# |` p{k kc Izlqqck¢ q{knk ~z`hhlmb`z `c`djzk lbnkglbln`dkb~k"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 25/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` :; nk :9
01"; Hmcmh`hløb nk w`zlcc`x
01";"0 @c`djz`nmx X{xqkbnlnmx
C`x w`zlcc`x nk `hkzm i`cw`blu`nm –@jzmem— xk hmcmh`bhmb g`hlcln`n# kb `c`djz`nmx ~z`nlhlmb`ckx# nk c`
xli{lkb~k gmzd`5
`, ^mdk c` w`zlcc` | qzkxìb~kc` xmjzk kc `c`djz`nm~kblkbnm c`x nmx –q`~`x— `q{b~`bnm f`hl` {x~kn#
j, Kbi`bhfk cmx `c`djzkx hkb~z`ckx kb cmx –z{cmx— nkc` w`zlcc`#
h, ilzk c` w`zlcc` <1µ f`hl` x{ nkzkhf` &wlx~m nkxnk`zzlj` xkzä` kb xkb~lnm hmb~z` fmz`zlm, f`x~` p{k
c`x –q`~`x— kx~ìb q`z`ckc`x ` cmx `c`djzkx x{qkzlmzk lbgkzlmz nkc `c`djz`nm zkxqkh~lw`dkb~k#
n, lb~kzh`ck {b nkx~mzblcc`nmz dknl`bm kb~zk c` q`~`
x{qkzlmz | x{ hmzzkxqmbnlkb~k `c`djzk" Ilzk kcnkx~mzblcc`nmz hmdm xl c` q`~` nk c` w`zlcc` | kc
`c`djzk g{kxkb nmx `c`djzkx p{k {x~kn lb~kb~`zk~mzhkz kb~zk xä" Kx~` mqkz`hløb hmbhc{|k h{`bnmkc nkx~mzblcc`nmz x`ck nkxqknlnm nk kb~zk cmx
`c`djzkx#
k, zkql~` c` mqkz`hløb `b~kzlmz hmb c` q`~` x{qkzlmz nk c` w`zlcc`#
g, c` w`zlcc` nkjk p{kn`z ~z`j`n` kb cmx `c`djzkx x{qkzlmz k lbgkzlmz# qkzm kc zkx~m nk
cmx `c`djzkx nkjkb q`x`z fmci`nmx"
01";": @c`djz`nmx ̂ z`nlhlmb`ckx
`, W`zlcc` I`cw`blu`n` –@jzmem¢—
C`x w`zlcc`x i`cw`blu`n`x –@jzmem¢— xk hmcmh`b hmbg`hlcln`n# kb `c`djz`nmx ~z`nlhlmb`ckx# nk c` xli{lkb~kgmzd`5
`, ^mdk c` w`zlcc` | qzkxìb~kc`# hmb c` q`~` f`hl` x{
nkzkhf`# xmjzk kc `c`djzk x{qkzlmz#
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 26/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
$ @c`djzkx | H`jckx Qàilb` :7 nk :9
j, Lb~kzh`ck {b nkx~mzblcc`nmz dknl`bm kb~zk c` q`~`x{qkzlmz | x{ hmzzkxqmbnlkb~k `c`djzk" Ilzk kcnkx~mzblcc`nmz hmdm xl c` q`~` nk c` w`zlcc` | kc
`c`djzk g{kxkb nmx `c`djzkx p{k {x~kn lb~kb~`zk~mzhkz kb~zk xä" Kx~` mqkz`hløb hmbhc{|k h{`bnm
kc nkx~mzblcc`nmz x`ck nkxqknlnm nk kb~zk cmx`c`djzkx#
h, Dmb~k kc xki{bnm `c`djzk kb kc qzldkz z{cm nk c`w`zlcc`# bm~`zà p{k kc qzldkz ~z`dm nk c` w`zlcc`p{kn` nk x{ c`nm# qkzm kc zkx~m p{kn` nkc m~zmc`nm nkc `c`djz`nm#
n, ^mdk c` w`zlcc` hmb c` d`bm lup{lkzn` qmz kcàbi{cm x{qkzlmz nk c` q`~` | hmb c` d`bm nkzkhf`qmz kc xki{bnm z{cm#
k, Nke`bnm gle` c` d`bm lup{lkzn` | {x`bnm hmdm
qlwm~k kc qzldkz z{cm# d{kw` c` d`bm nkzkhf`gckvlmb`bnm c` w`zlcc` q`z` f`hkzc` q`x`z qmzkbhld` nkc xki{bnm `c`djzk#
g, kc xki{bnm `c`djzk nkjk p{kn`z kb~zkc`u`nm |
~z`j`nm kb kc z{cm nk c` w`zlcc` | ìx~` nkjk p{kn`zb{kw`dkb~k nk x{ c`nm#
i, zkql~` kx~k qzmhknldlkb~m hmb cmx m~zmx b{nmx nk c` w`zlcc`#
f, kb~zkc`hk c` q`~` lbgkzlmz nk c` w`zlcc` hmb kc õc~ldm `c`djzk# kb gmzd` xldlc`z `cq{b~m j,"
j, W`zlcc` Dk~àclh`
0" Q`x`z kc hclq kb kc xkb~lnm p{klbnlh` c` gm~m"
:" Wkzlglh`z p{k kc hclq p{knk xmjzkkc `c`djzk | qzmhknkz ` n`z {bckwk ilzm f`hl` `j`em hmb c`fkzz`dlkb~` &nkc c`nm nkcmzlglhlm,"
8" Lbwkz~lz c` fkzz`dlkb~`# c{kimqzmhkn` ` kbi`bhf`z kc hclq hmbc` dlxd`"
>" Ilz`z f`hl` ̀ j`em f`x~` p{kp{knk q`z`ckc` ̀ c` w`zlcc`"
Bm~`5 Hmb kx~` xkh{kbhl` c` w`zlcc` p{kn` glzdk" Zkqk~lz c` mqkz`hløb hmb kc zkx~m nk cmxflcmx"
8/9/2019 Manual para la construcción de alambrados
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-para-la-construccion-de-alambrados 27/27
D`b{`c q`z` c` Hmbx~z{hhløb nk @c`djz`nmx
01"7 Qz{kj` | `e{x~k nkc xlx~kd`
^mnmx cmx ~z`j`emx p{k xk f`b wkblnm f`hlkbnm f`b–dmwlnm— nk `ci{b` gmzd` kc xlx~kd`# qmz cm ~`b~m xk
zkp{lkzk {b `e{x~k"
Kb qzldkz c{i`z kx hmbwkblkb~k f`hkz {b` zkhmzzln`ikbkz`c ~kbx`bnm ikbkzmx`dkb~k ~mnmx cmx izlqqckxhmb c` qlbu` Izlqqck¢"
@ hmb~lb{`hløb# x`h{n` hmb ~mn` x{ g{kzu` cmx`c`djzkx | cmx qmx~kx p{k hmbx~l~{|kb cmx `zz`bp{kx"
@qlxmbk b{kw`dkb~k c` ~lkzz` `czknknmz nk cmx`zz`bp{kx | nk {b` `e{x~`n` ` c`x zlkbn`x q`z` c{kim~z`j`zc`x kb~zk xä glzdkdkb~k"
Qmz õc~ldm# ~kbxk cmx `c`djzkx hmb x{ ~kbxløb nk~z`j`em"
BM^@5 bm kx hmbwkblkb~k ~kbx`z d{hfm cmx `c`djzkx kb ~lkdqm h`c{zmxm m hmb xmc d{|g{kz~k# qmzp{k h{`bnm cmx dlxdmx xk kbgzäkb# | hmbxkh{kb~kdkb~k xk
hmb~z`li`b# w`b ` kckw`z nkd`xl`nm c` ~kbxløb kb cmx `zz`bp{kx"
Kx~k d`b{`c g{k zk`clu`nm j`em c` nlzkhhløbnkc Lbi" Dli{kc Qmzp{kz`x# Qzmgkxmz nk c`Hà~knz` nk Lbx~`c`hlmbkx @izmqkh{`zl`x#G`h{c~`n nk @izmbmdä`# [blwkzxln`n nkJ{kbmx @lzkx"