magtoto v manguera

8/18/2019 Magtoto v Manguera

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Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT

Manila

EN BANC

G.R. Nos. L-37201-02 March 3, 1975

CLEMENTE MAGTOTO, petitioner,

vs.

HON. MGUEL M. MANGUERA, !"#$% o& 'h% Co"r' o& ()rs' *s'a*c% +ra*ch o& Occ)#%*'a

M)*#oro, Th% PEOPLE O( THE PHLPPNES, GNACO CALARA, !R., a*# LOUR/ES

CALARA, respondents.

G.R. No. L-372 March 3, 1975

MAMO SMEON, LOUS ME/NATT, NOCENTES /E LUNA, RUEN MRAN/A, AL(ONSO

ALLESTEROS, RU/OL(O SUARE, MANUEL MANALO, ALERTO GAON, a*# RA(AEL

RLL, %')')o*%rs,

4s.

HON. ONO(RE A. LLALU, )* h)s caac)'6 as !"#$% o& 'h% Cr))*a C)rc")' Co"r' o& Pas)$,

R)8a, a*# PEOPLE O( THE PHLPPNES, r%so*#%*'s.

G.R. No. L-3929 March 3, 1975

THE PEOPLE O( THE PHLPPNES, %')')o*%r,4s.

HONORALE ASAAL S. SNAN, /)s'r)c' !"#$% o& 'h% Co"r' o& ()rs' *s'a*c% o& a:oa*$a

#% S"r, ra*ch , CENTE LONGA;T, a*# !AME /ALON, r%so*#%*'s.

Felipe S. Abeleda for petitioner Clemente Magtoto.

Joaquin L. Misa for petitioners Maximo Simeon, et al.

Alan L. Roxas for respondents Ignacio Calara, Jr., et al.

rgano La! ffice for respondent "icente Longa#it, et al.

ffice of t$e Solicitor %eneral &stelito '. Mendo(a and Assistant Solicitor %eneral "icente ".

Mendo(a for respondent and petitioner 'eople of t$e '$ilippines.

(ERNAN/E, J.)*+.-!p$/0


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r%%a', *o s"ch r)$h' %@)s'%# a' 'h% ')%.

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* %4%r6 cas%, 'h% %rso* #%'a)*%# sha :% )*&or%# o& 'h% ca"s% o& h)s

#%'%*')o* a*# sha :% ao


4/36

A*# accor#)*$ 'o S%c')o* 3, R"% 133 o& 'h% R"%s o& Co"r'=

&xtra4udicial confession, not sufficient ground for con5iction.DA* %@'ra"#)c)a co*&%ss)o*

a#% :6 a* acc"s%#, sha *o' :% s"&&)c)%*' $ro"*# &or co*4)c')o*, "*%ss corro:ora'%# :6

%4)#%*c% o& corpus delicti .

E@'ra"#)c)a co*&%ss)o*s o& 'h% acc"s%# )* a cr))*a cas% ar% "*)4%rsa6 r%co$*)8%# as

a#)ss):% )* %4)#%*c% a$a)*s' h), :as%# o* 'h% r%s"')o* 'ha' *o o*%


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"' 'h% r")*$ )* Moncado 5s. 'eople8s Court et al., 0 Ph) 1,


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c"s'o#)a )*'%rro$a')o*s. H% c)'%s 'h% #%c)s)o*s o& 'h% S"r%% Co"r' o& 'h%

U*)'%# S'a'%s )* Massia$ 5s. :.S. +377 U.S. 201, &scobedo 5s. Illinois +37 U.S.

7 a*# Miranda 5s .Ari(ona +3 U.S. 3.

Th% ro4)s)o* o& 'h% Co*s')'"')o* o& 'h% Ph)))*%s )* o)*' )s Ar')c% +) o&

R)$h's, S%c')o* 1, ar. 17 o& % ha4% ro4)#%# )*

S%c')o* 1, R"% 115 o& 'h% R"%s o& Co"r' 'ha' B* a cr))*a ros%c"')o*s 'h%

#%&%*#a*' sha :% %*')'%# ... +: 'o :% r%s%*' a*# #%&%*# )* %rso* a*# :6

a''or*%6 a' %4%r6 s'a'% o& 'h% roc%%#)*$s, 'ha' )s, &ro 'h% arra)$*%*' 'o 'h%

ro"$a')o* o& 'h% "#$%*'.B Th% o*6 )*s'a*c%s % ca**o' a$r%% % r%%a', 'h)s h)s'or)ca :ac$ro"*# o& S%c')o* 20, Ar')c% o& 'h% N%< Co*s')'"')o*,

)* O"r co*s)#%r%# o)*)o*, c%ar6 sho


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r%'roac')4% %&&%c'. ' #)# *o' %@)s' :%&or% )'s )*corora')o* )* o"r N%< Co*s')'"')o*, as >% h%#

)* 'h% !os% a*# Paras cas%s, supra.

Th% a"'hors o& 'h% #)ss%*')*$ o)*)o*s )$*or% 'h% h)s'or)ca &ac' 'ha' 'h% co*s')'"')o*a a*#

%$a $"ara*'%%s as % ca**o' ro%r6 #o or%.

("r'h%ror%, 'o $)4% a r%'roac')4% %&&%c' 'o 'h)s co*s')'"')o*a $"ara*'%% 'o co"*s% arr%* o:s%r4%#

)* Jen#ins 5s. 7ela!are, 395 U.S. 213 +199, B>)'h !oh*so*


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13, 19 D 'h% c"'-o&& o)*' s%' &or 'h% M)ra*#a r%?")r%%*' :6 Jo$nson 5s.

6e! Jersemade la! in t$e beginning b< Lin#letter 5s.

=al#er $as been abandoned as t$e Supreme Court in Jo$nson 5s. 6e! Jerse<

and in Jen#ins 5s. 7ela!are mo5ed to!ard ?pure prospecti5it


9/36

S%ara'% O)*)o*s

CASTRO, J., #)ss%*')*$=

Th% :"r#%* o& 'h)s #)ss%*' )s 6 co*s)#%r%# 4)%< 'ha' 'h% ar')c"ar ro4)s)o* o& S%c')o* 20

o& Ar')c% o& 'h% 1973 Co*s')'"')o*


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125, *o'


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aor)'6 )*'%rr%'a')o* #o%s 4)o%*c% 'o 'h% #%ocra')c 'ra#)')o* o& a&&or#)*$ 'h% a%s'

ro'%c')o* 'o 'h% )*#)4)#"a D a*6 a*# %4%r6 )*#)4)#"a D a$a)*s' 'h% '6ra**6 o& a*6

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%*a s%r4)'"#% or %4%* s%*' 'o h)s #%a'h :%ca"s% h% )s *o' :%ss%# a>5is 'h% M)ra*#a-

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%rso* has 'h% ass)s'a*c% o& co"*s%, c"s'o#)a )*'%rro$a')o* )'*%ss 'h%)**"%ra:% cas%s )* 'h% a**as o& a#"#)ca')o*


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r%a')*$ 'o 'h% )*a#)ss):))'6 o& a co*&%ss)o* o:'a)*%# &ro a #%'a)*%# %rso* #"r)*$

c"s'o#)a )*'%rro$a')o*


14/36

'h% a)* o)*)o*Ks r")*$ 'ha' co*4%rs%6 s"ch co*&%ss)o*s obtained :%&or% ar% 'o :% h%#

a#)ss):% )* %4)#%*c% a$a)*s' 'h% acc"s%#.

1. Th% Co*s')'"')o* *o< %@r%ss6 ro'%c's Ba %rso* "*#%r )*4%s')$a')o* &or 'h% co)ss)o*

o& a* o&&%*s%B &ro 'h% o4%rha' 'h% a)* a*$"a$% o& 'h% Co*s')'"')o* sa6s )s :%6o*# 'h% o


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a co"r' 'o ao< a co*&%ss)o* 'o &or ar' o& 'h% r%cor#s o& 'h% cas% a*# 'ha' s"ch o


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'h% r%c%#)*$ ara$rah. E4%* )& )'


17/36

)*'%rro$a')o* o& 'h% #%&%*#a*' "*%ss )' #%o*s'ra'%s 'h% "s% o& roc%#"ra sa&%$"ar#s %&&%c')4%

'o s%c"r% 'h% r)4)%$% a$a)*s' s%&-)*cr))*a')o*. 6 c"s'o#)a )*'%rro$a')o*,


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%*&orc%%*'. ' o"'a


19/36

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co*4)c')o* o& a* acc"s%# o* a 4o"*'ar6 %@'ra"#)c)a s'a'%%*' )* *o


20/36

co**%c')o*


21/36

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N%< Co*s')'"')o*, )s )*'%*#%# 'o o%ra'% r%'ros%c')4%6. No'% 'h% a)* a*$"a$% o& 'h% o& 'h%

ro4)s)o*,


22/36

)*a#)ss):% )* %4)#%*c%, )& 'h% sa% )s #o*%


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CASTRO, J., #)ss%*')*$=

Th% :"r#%* o& 'h)s #)ss%*' )s 6 co*s)#%r%# 4)%< 'ha' 'h% ar')c"ar ro4)s)o* o& S%c')o* 20

o& Ar')c% o& 'h% 1973 Co*s')'"')o*


24/36

6%ars "o* 6%ars o& rac')c% :%h)*# 'h% ar% *o' a


25/36

'h% 4%r6 )*c%')o* o& c"s'o#)a )*?"%s', a*# 'ha' 'h)s o:)$a')o* a>5is 'h% M)ra*#a-

Esco:%#o #oc'r)*%. a or% )*c)*%# 'o :%)%4% 'ha' 'h% #%%$a'%s, )& )*#%%# 'h%6 )'*%ss 'h%

)**"%ra:% cas%s )* 'h% a**as o& a#"#)ca')o*


26/36

soc)%'6 ha4%, or% o&'%* 'ha* *o', :%%* s":%c'%# 'o :r"'a a*# :r"'a)8)*$ 'h)r#-#%$r%%

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o"r %6%s sh"' 'o 'h)s r%a)'6,


27/36

acc"s%#, ro4)*$ $")' :%6o*# r%aso*a:% #o":'. *#%%#, 'h% Co"r' has a))a /o"$as as a

co*c"s)o* 'o 'h)s #)ss%*'= 'h% r)$h's o& *o*% ar% sa&% "*%ss 'h% r)$h's o& a ar% ro'%c'%#F%4%* )&


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o& s"ch r)$h'. Th%r% )s no room &or interpretationa*# 'h% a)* a*#a'% o& 'h% Co*s')'"')o*

%@r%ss6 a#o')*$ 'h% exclusionar< rule as 'h% o*6 rac')ca %a*s o& %*&orc)*$ 'h%

co*s')'"')o*a )*"*c')o* a$a)*s' s"ch co*&%ss)o*s o:'a)*%# )* 4)oa')o* o& o*%Ks

co*s')'"')o*a r)$h's :6 o"'a


29/36

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'o :% a#)ss):% r%?")r% a c%ar, )*'%)$%*'


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)*#)ca'%s )* a*6 a**%r a*# a' a*6 s'a$% o& 'h% roc%ss 'ha' h%


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% ha4%

aso #%car%# 'ha' a* %@'ra"#)c)a co*&%ss)o* )s *o' r%*#%r%# )*a#)ss):% :6 r%aso* o& &a)"r% 'o

ca"')o* 'h% acc"s%# 'ha' h% *%%# *o' 'a a*# 'ha' )& h% #o%s,


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rac')c%s ha' 'h% a:o4% )*h):)')o* s%%s 'o ro'%c' )s

co"sor6 #)scos"r% o& )*cr))*a')*$ &ac's. >h)% 'h%r% co"# :% so% oss):% o:%c')o*s 'o

'h% a#)ss):))'6 o& a co*&%ss)o* o* $ro"*#s o& )'s "*'r"s'% ca**o' sa6 'ha' 'h)s "ros%


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r%'ros%c')4%


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sha :% "s%# a$a)*s' h). A*6 co*&%ss)o* o:'a)*%# )* 4)oa')o* o& 'h)s s%c')o*

sha :% )*a#)ss):% )* %4)#%*c%.

S%c')o* o& Ar')c% +Tra*s)'or6 Pro4)s)o*s, o& 'h% N%< Co*s')'"')o*, ho


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h), %4%* )& 4o"*'ar6,

magtoto v manguera

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