_madurez sintáctica

8/3/2019 _Madurez sintctica

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Madurez sintctica

Kellog Hunt


2/15

Hunt distingue:

Inicial: perodo es adquisicin de lalengua,

despues de los 5 aos es desarrollo de lalengua


3/15

unt unidad terminal mnima obtenible" o "T-unidad",

Una clusula principal ms las estructurasclusulares o no clausulares que se adjuntano estn incrustados en ella.

El nombre fue elegido porque los libros de

texto de gramtica suelen decir que la oracindebe tener una clusula principal, pero tambinpuede tener una o ms clusulas subordinadasy diversos tipos de frases adjuntas o embebidoen ella.

De modo que reducir un pasaje en unidades Timplica analizarlo en las unidades ms cortasque son gramaticalmente admisibles para serconsideradas como oraciones.


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Unidad t es igual a unidad de sentido quees principal en una oracin ysi secombina con otras unidades de sentido- lo

hace en coordinacin o yuxtaposicin.

Clusula es la oracin subordinada


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Ejemplo 1. Me gusta la pelcula que vimos de Moby Dick

la ballena blanca

2. el capitn dijo si ustedes puede matar laballena blanca Moby Dick dar este oro al que

puede hacerlo 3. y vale diecisis dlares

4. ellos intentaron e intentaron

5. pero mientras ellos intentaban ellos mataronuna ballena y usaron el aceite para laslmparas

6. ellos casi cogieron la ballena blanca.


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61 words,

5 clauses,

6 T-units, and

1 sentence.


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Unidad t es una estructura intermediaentre la clusula y la oracin

Esto permite medir:

1.Cantidad de palabras por oracin

2.Cantidad de unidades t por oracin

3.Cantidad de palabras por unidad t

4.Cantidad de clusulas por unidad t

5.Cantidad de palabras por clusula

Cuando aumenta uno de los cinco ratios

afecta a los otros


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Hunt applied these five syntactic measures

to the writing of nine boys and nine girls ofaverage IQ (90-110) in each of three grades-4, 8, and 12-and to the nonfiction writings of

18 persons who had published in Harper'sMagazine and in the Atlantic, whom hecalled skilled adults. From each writer he

used a 1,000-word sample, getting a totalcorpus of 72,000 words. Theschoolchildren's writing was the regularwork done in English classes

El estudio


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a) Cuando maduran de 4 a 12 grado los escolarestienden a escribir ms palabras por clusula. Losescritores expertos llevan esta tendencia ms all

b) Cuando los escolares maduran tienden a escribirms clusulas por unidades T, pero los adultosexpertos no llevan esta tendencia ms all de 11grado

c) Since words per T-unit is the arithmetical product of

words per clause and clauses per T-unit, and sinceboth measures increase with maturity through theschool years, of course words per T-unit tend to in-crease also. Skilled adults carry the tendency still

further because they write longer clauses

Conclusiones


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d) As they mature, schoolchildren tend to write fewer T-units per sentence. Most of the reduction occursbetween grades 4 and 8. Skilled adults write about the

same number as schoolchildren in the middle and uppergrades.e) As they mature, schoolchildren tend to write morewords per sen-tence. Skilled adults carry the same

tendency still further, not because they produce more T-units per sentence but, instead, because their T-unitsare longer. Since words per sentence is the arithmeticalproduct of words per T-unit multiplied by T-unit persentence, and since the first measure tends to increase

during the school years whereas the second tends todecrease, the result of the two conflicting tendencies isthat words per sentence is not so good an index ofmaturity, at least during the early grades, as are certain

other measures.


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f) Taking the maturity of the average twelfth grader asthe goal, the best of these indexes of syntactic maturityis words per T-unit; second best is words per clause;

third best is clauses per T-unit; fourth best is words persentence.

g) Tomando la madurez de adultos expertos como elobjetivo, los resultados son similares a los de (f) perolas palabras por clusula son un ndice tan buenocomo palabras por Unidad de t, en vez de ser elsegundo mejor ndice.


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1)Hunt also carried the investigation further in severaldirections.a)Looking into the fact that fourth graders write a large

number of T-units per sentence, he found that thisresults from their tendency to put a large number ofand's between T-units. They do so three times as oftenas eighth graders and four times as often as twelfthgraders. It may be conjectured that fourth graders feelthe need to form larger constituents but have not yet

acquired the syntactic means for doing so in a more

mature way.b)In addition to pro-ducing an excess of ands, fourth

graders more often than older students tend to run T-units together without any coordinator or anypunctuation be-tween. He also tabulated thefrequencies of the various coordinators and

punctuation marks at all levels of maturity.


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Hunt concluye como otros

investigadores antes que l que lacoordinacin es ms comn en los niosmenores y la subordinacin en losmayores

Ojo: conexin con parataxis ehipotaxis


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Hunt seala que la madurez parece ser msevidente en el aumento de un tipo de clusula

frente a otra.Las pruebas estn lejos de ser concluyentes,pero realmente encontr que el nmero declusulas relativas adjetivas por Unidad de taumenta casi cudruple del grado 4 a 12 y msque quntuplo del grado 4 a la madurez experta.Ninguna otra clase de oracin subordinada

aument tan notablemente durante los aos,aunque la proporcin de una clase a la otraparezca variar con la temtica.


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Regarding the use of sentence-combiningtransformations, however, the results were

remarkably different.He found that older writers, especially skilledadults, used a much larger number of sentence-combining, sentence- embedding, transformations

per T-unit and per clause.He concluded that this tendency explained theactually observed increase in clause length withmaturity, especially the maturity of skilled adults.

Furthermore, he found that those transformationswhich expand the nominal structures, asdescribed by Lees (1960), are especially indicativeof madurity.

_madurez sintáctica

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