los mayas

LOS MAYAS

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LOCALIZACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA

• La cultura maya abarcó territorios constituídos, hoy en día, por l a península de Yucatán, Chiapas, Guatemala, el noroeste de Honduras, Belice y los límites de El Salvador.

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ESTRATOS SOCIALES

Familia real

Nobleza

Mercaderes

Campesinos y esclavos

ECONOMÍA

• La economía maya se basaba en:

1) Agricultura: maíz, frijol, calabaza, batata, aguacate.

2) Intercambios comerciales: algodón, cacao, jade, obsidiana, plumas de quetzal, metates, maíz, sal, cera, miel y caucho.

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RELIGIÓN

• Los mayas eran politeístas: tenían muchos dioses. Entre los mas importantes se encuentran:

• Kukul can – Serpiente emplumada

• Itzamna- Dios de la humanidad

• Kinich Ahua-Dios del sol

• Chac Mol- Dios del agua y lluvia.

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EL LIBRO SAGRADO

• El Popol Vuh es el libro sagrado de los mayas. En el se escribieron sus creencias, profecías y oraciones.

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RITOS SAGRADOS

• Los mayas adoraban a sus dioses ofreciéndoles:

1) Abstinencias- comida, diversion, trabajo.

2) Ofrendas – flores, comida, luz.

3) Sacrificios humanos- los cuales nunca fueron extensivo a toda la población ni cotidianos.

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LENGUA

• Los mayas hablaban cientos de dialectos que generan cerca de 44 lenguas mayas diferentes.

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BELLEZA MAYA

• Los mayas consideraban como bella una cara achatada. Por eso, a los recién nacidos se les ataba la cabeza entre dos tablillas,una en la parte porterior y otra en la frente, lo que en pocos días achataba la frente y el cráneo del bebé.

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VIVIENDAS

• Las casas de los mayas estaban hechas de adobe y cañas.

• Constituían de una cocina y dormitorios con camas de hojas de palma.

• Las pirámides eran los templos en los que adoraban a sus dioses.

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VESTIDO

• Hombres: taparrabos y sandalias

• Mujeres: vestido blanco y suelto de una sola pieza (kub). Debajo llevaban una enagua muy larga y amplia. También usaban sandalias.

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LOGROS CULTURALES

• Matemáticas- sistema de numeración con 0.

• Ciencia- 2 calendarios: Tzolkin (sagrado) y el Haab (cotidiano)

• Escritura- sistema de escritura con más de 700 jeroglíficos

• Literatura: Popol Vuh y Chilam Balám- creencias, mitos,

profecías, costumbres,

oraciones e historia.

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LA CULTURA MAYA VIVE

• En la actualidad hay entre 4 y 6 millones de mayas, que viven en las mismas zonas donde se inició su cultura. Algunos siguen sus tradiciones. Otros han asimilado la cultura moderna.

los mayas

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