lipidos. los lípidos son compuestos solubles en solventes no polares y tienen una gran variedad de...
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Lipidos
Los lípidos son compuestos solubles en solventes no polares y tienen una gran variedad de estructurasy funciones
Fatty Acids Are Carboxylic Acid with Hydrocarbon Chains
Triacilgliceridos
CH2 OH
CH OH
CH2 OH
R1 C OH
O
R2 C OH
O
R3 C OH
O
CH2 O
CH O
CH2 O
C
C
C
O
O
O
R1
R2
R3
glycerol Ácido graso Un triacilgliceridoUna grasa o un aceite
Grasas son triacilgliceridos de estado sólido o semisólidoa temperatura ambiente
Los aceites a temperatura ambiente son líquidos
Oxidation of Polyunsaturated Fats and Oils by O2
Fosfoacilgliceroles
El grupo OH terminal del glicerol es esterificado con acido fosfórico
Son los componentes mayoritaros de las membranas celulares
Fosfoacilgliceroles son clasificados como fosfolípidos
Phosphoacylglycerols form membranes by arrangingthemselves into a lipid bilayer
Saturated fatty acids decrease membrane fluidity because their hydrocarbon chains can pack closelytogether
Unsaturated fatty acids have the opposite effect
EsfingolípidosEllos contienen esfingosina en vez de glicerol
Se encuentran en membranas
• Prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid
• They are responsible for regulating a variety of physiological responses
Prostaglandinas
COOHH
H
Esqueleto de prostaglandina
• Name in the format PGX, with X designating the functional groups of the five-membered ring
COOHH
H
O
HO OH
H
H
O
HO OH
COOH
H
HHO OH
COOH
HOPGE1 PGE2
PGF2n
Naming Prostaglandins
• Terpenes contain carbon atoms in multiples of five
• They are made by joining together 5-carbon isoprene units
Terpenes
• Oxygen-containing terpenes are sometimes called terpenoids
The Isoprene Rule
Squalene, a triterpene, is a precursor of steroid molecules
Lycopene and -carotene are tetraterpenes calledcarotenoids
Cholesterol Is a Steroid