la garantia jurisdiccional de la constitución (justicia constitucional) - hans kelsen

7/31/2019 La Garantia Jurisdiccional de la Constitucin (Justicia Constitucional) - Hans Kelsen

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La g aranta jurisdiccio nal de la Constituc in(la jus ticia constitucional)

H ans Kelsen

Nota preliminar

P ts qs tss t Cstt y s fs, s spt fs txt Hs Ks sb t js

Cstt. F t pst Qt R Pfss A-s Dh Pb q s v b V s s 23 y 24 b 1928, t s t, pt st Tb Csttst, pfs Dh Pb Uvs V. E txt tv y ps s pp , ys s pb B st, st s ps psts h vt. S b, st pt s pt, Ks v Ps s sp Chs Es p q tjs fs y vs fs, s q st t y p-s. E txt fs, s sb p ft p s stss,s ptt , vtj p p q t ss y s j stb ss pfs s sptstts, q h hh, p t st, pf p s st. E p-t, vs fs b Es p s bstt y -s f t f pb s 1928 pstsRevue du Droit Public et de la Science Politique. C s fs sft, p f Isttt Itt Dt Pb, Ks vj Ps y pt-p ss Isttt fh 20 tb 1928, ps MkGtzvht, Gst Jz (pst Isttt), Gs y M, L Dt,Bthy, t ts. D s ts pbs s sp q Ks s p sxps vs fs b Es t ss q pbb y tv bt sb t, yv ss tss. EAnnuaire Isttt, ss tvs t, f pb 1929, t ss y vs t p pst p Ks fs. Es , f pb s txt s

vs vs fs, s s 1928 y 1929. Est xp pq h s st vs q h p s j t, xp- p t, , q p s b st hh.

Y f s q t s s s t t ptt pt k-s tvs fs Revuey Annuaireq p t t

Revista Iberoamericana de Derecho Procesal Constitucional

nm. 10, julio-dici embre 2008, pp. 3-46.


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4 Hans Kelsen

p . P 1975, tv p vj Mx p sst P Cs Ib Dh Cstt, - R Ty y S, q hb hh ss sts ts Ps, hb t t t st txt ks q ftpb Anuario Jurdico q p ts tb Isttt IvstsJs Uvs N At Mx (UNAM), y spt s p pb 1974. Est s, ps, p vz q s tj t . Y s ts v q xst st ptt txt, -z p ftstt y s sts s ts.

E s ps, s ss q p ts t , sp Uvs Ct L, h b t y y s f -t tt y z txt t vs s. P pss s ps -pss vt q t s psjs y s, b t

qz ps y sb t pvts s ts s s pt, ft s tp, q qs s hbt t. Y qz tb s t pbs. Y vt -t s ss, q s b s txt, b vy pt vs. Estb ps t t y svt, p st s jsts.

F s q t ftp txt fs q t hvs s ts, h tj s s q p y pb pp tt, R Ty y S, s t Isttt Ivsts Js ts, J Mz, pbq vt L, vs s y sb t s f . Y f vs-t stt Ius et Veritas spt 1994 ( 9). Y s ts h t.

P pss s s, h s ft vt vs s-t s fs, y s t t ts ts -s s q f p ts tt. As ts s y s q h hh s bsvs, sp FsFz S, q t sb s pts q s s h-b sps bs ( Ty y ) y s tt Ls G-C-h My, q t p hz tj s t fs y hz bsvs y ts q pt qs . Ls Sz Dvs y t txt y hz ts ss.Y st vs, vs y j, s q pb q, y q sp q s ps-t s ss svs q vs t. Sy t q xstt jb, p q z p Ty h tts s, h-

st vs y , pst q s s sf-zs zs. A s, h tt t f txt, q f bj-tv p tt , s ss ts p j spst, p s s tt q t s pst st tp ts. Ls fhs s txts s q q f s s sts:


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La garanta jurisdiccional de la Constitucin (la justicia constitucional) 5

) L t js Cstt (L jst stt) AnuarioJurdico, . 1, Mx 1974, t p UNAM, pp. 471-515. T RTy y S. D st txt xst spts s tt.

C pst, s h pb ft bj s UNAM, Mx2001,107 pp. Es p txt vs pb 1974, p s yss q ts xst y q s ft s st . A p, s st q tt.

) L t js Cstt (L Jst stt) Ius etVeritas, . 9, L, j 1994, pp.17-43. T R Ty y S.Rvs D G B.

Est vs s h pb ft Bv y t s sts ts:Hs Ks, La garanta jurisdiccional de la Constitucin (La justicia constitucional),

A Bv Ests Cstts-Isttt Ib DhCstt, Cpt bv. Gp Et Kps, Chbb 2006, 78 pp.

) L t jt Csttt (L Jst sttt) Re-vue du Droit Public et de la Science Politique en France et ltranger, Ps, v--j1928, t 45, XXXV, pp. 197-257. Es q h s st pt p -spt tj.

D st vs s hz spt q pt y y fh s st:La garantie juridictionelle de la Constitution (La Justice constitutionelle)p Hs Ks,

Pfss Dt Pb Uvst V. Extt Rv Dt Pb t S ptq F t Et, v--j 1928, Ps, M G,1928, 61 pp.

v) C s tt s pb Annuaire de lInstitutInternational de Droit Pu-blic, P.U.F., Ps, 1929, pp. 52-143 q y s t ss 20 tb 1928 Isttt s bt txt Ks ps st.

v) Ws Etwk Sttshtsbkt (Es y s js-

stt) Verffentlichungen der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer,Hft 5, W. Gyt & C., B Lpz, 1929, pp. 30-88. Es vs ,q h s p s vs vs.

v) L z sz Csttz (L stz sttz) HsKs, La giustizia costituzionale, Gff t, M 1981, pp. 143-206, t C G.

v) L t js Cstt (L jst stt) HsKs, Escritos sobre la democracia y el socialismo, Et Dbt, M 1988, pp. 109-155; t J Rz M.

v) A t js Cstt Hs Ks, Jurisdio constitucio-nal, Et Mts Fts, S P 2003, pp. 121-186, t M EtGv.

Ts s ts xstts h s zs s vs fs 1928b Ch.Es.

L, j 2008

Domingo Garca Belaunde


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SUMARIO: Prembulo. I. El problema jurdico de la regularidad. II. La nocin deConstitucin. III. Las garantas de la regularidad. IV. Las garantas de la constitucio-nalidad: 1. La jurisdiccin constitucional. 2. El objeto del control jurisdiccional deconstitucionalidad. 3. El criterio del control jurisdiccional de constitucionalidad.4. El resultado del control jurisdiccional de constitucionalidad. 5. El procedimientodel control jurisdiccional de constitucionalidad. V. La significacin jurdica y poltica

de la justicia constitucional.

Prembulo

E pst st tt pb t js Cstt-, t jst stt, s b pt vs-t. S xp, p st t tz j st -t fs, t st, sst sb t h y xp jt s T G Est (Allgemeine Staatslehre,B, 1925).1

E st bs st pt s js s p z: t s py st spt s xps q h t sps vss s st y pt pt Tb Cstt

Ast. E ft, Cstt st, vt 1920 sb bs Pyt b p t pt Gb st, h st-t jst stt s s pt q Cst-t t.

I. El problema jurdico de la regularidad

1. L t js Cstt jst stt s t sst s s ts q t f s j s fs stts. Ests fs t s ss tj: stty ts js. S ts Dh, st s, s js ts j Dh , s , s j-s vts. E s, tt s st s fs st-ts s y j, st q s p p

1 T st p Ls Lz Lb; cfr. Hs Ks, Teora General del Estado, B-, Lb, 1934; pss Mx y Esp.

6


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Dh p Dh, s st t spp.E pb j, s f y, y p

st, pb s ts st , s ts y f-tt bs. P t, st s-, s , Dh y ts st tvs ts fts ts.

Q xst pt pp s pt Dh f pt q h s s t bjt qs ps ? Y pj q s f Dh Dh s tt s q p t s tf, ss, s y Dh y h y y Dh. D st q s f-s s bj b j: jst y, s spt -

st, p p s , q s fs xts Dh, y qhb sttt Dh, s st p Dh,q p Dh y st b ts s. S s tq y s t Dh, qv . N st tsvt q s p xt s .

P st p t s y j s xt. Es-ts s fs s p bst p Dh, s pt tv. E ft, bsv s , s s pst vz t y p Dh. Ls y j, s s fs stts s, ss tps jqzs ps Dh, y s tps t-s. Est ps s t s s s, z sf j t, sp ts s s stts, s Cs-tt p , f, tvs s tps ssvs y, t, st y t sttv, s ts j t (Vollstrec-kungsakte) sts ts.

E st q ss s q s fss t-stts,s s pt , sqtt, s tps pps st ps, s Dh s pp y Est s y s vv , s s, t Dh. Cstt, y, t, t s-ttv y st, t j, s spt s sts tps f- vt tv Est .

Ctt, p f st tp . Et ts f-s psbs s tp pt Dh, pjp, q s s q t, s , q

s ts sttvs, s st t y y t v;s, p s q t tv tt bs Cstt y t j y. S b, q s st-s, pp, hptss tp .

S Cstt s f s ys, ts -


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8 Hans Kelsen

s s, ft Cstt, p Dh. P t, ft t y ft s ts ts sbs y, s s Dh. Ass, t s p Dh ft y, y - Dh ft st y ft t sttv q p.sts, s vz, s p Dh s s h t y D-h s s h bj, st s, h s ts tvs s s st y t sttv s jts (Vollstreckt).

E Dh, q s Cstt hst s ts j t (Vollstreckungsakte), j ts. D q s Cstt, y y t s s js s, st y t sttv stty s js vs.

L bt s, q st sb s q Cstt,s t st ts tvt bs. S p t

s tvt . S b, q s s, - t bt y t s f fv s t: pt p t, b sy.

2. C t j stty vz p D-h, ft f y p Dh, t sp.

L s p q sp p Dh. L s, ts, s - sp t f y sp -t j. N s t t s ts j t (Vo-llstreckungsakte) y s s vs s sttv y st , t sts ts j (Vollziehungsakte) y s s ss y ts, s p pst y s ts

pps p s, s tb s s t t y y, yt y y Cstt. Ls ts s ts y s stt s ys s ts, t bbs s ts s ts js vs.

Gts Cstt sf, ts, ts ss tt sbs Cstt, s , st -ts stt s ys.

3. Q sp s ts Cstt s fst vvt yq st s tft st tv t s xt-t s t s b, vz, zs ts y zs pts.D pt, h h tp q p t st-t jq Dh , q s s, tz j tt-

s fs stts y ss s ps. P t pt, s D-h s Ests s, q pst t stts sts s j, t, p t, s s ysts p s stt s ys y s -ts, st b tvs pts. Y sts tvs j t f-


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f t, b s p pp xp-s sb psb y s sjts ts.As s pt s s pts Ep ss

qs stts. L t j q sttt tv t ps q st f Est t ps s p f. S st h s qz Rpb sb q, ft p ps-, st, t stts t T Est.

L q stt, q s q bst, t, s, t q, vs sts, s t p s h q s p q h sf ts bs-t s pq sft, tt s s ptt.

Es t q q bst, st t q p Cstt y q p s vs s tt psb; s bst st j ptt pp . L Cstt sst s pp: t xps s j bt. N xs-t ps, f stt pt, s , s js q st s fts f ys y vs Cstt. As, pb- stt s ys t st.

L ts q stt , pst st sp-t, f sv q s fst y tst, xps q stt. L t pt q q -t Cstt, xst q s pst Cstt s s ys p s hhs s t b pst ; hh q st p s f t spt s ts s s s ys,s , xst, f , f sp sp: f stt y f, vt tp, s-b sttyt sp, s hhs q xp spzt ps q stt. P, ps, pss q qstt b s p pp p f pb- stt s ys, p tt, s ts Cstt.S b, s xtt t q h t .

E ft, t stt h bt v st ss qst ps p p . E ps stt-, t stt pst ft, s, v, s, q y s xps s s v-

t y q f Pt s hs s s s,s y s. D h s fs tss pp q q s Cstt s q, p s , s t st s fp tpt Cstt st pt t, s xt-t, p f Dh pstv y q s


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10 Hans Kelsen

xt. D h tb fs st t bt y, q s , y t y, v t y -pst . Est t p st q s s p-f t Cstt, s s st pf, q y bs s v t q hy s pb Diario Oficial(Bulletindes lois) f , s s hh s s psps -tvs s p p Pt hy s spts .

E st f s ptt s tt ps pt q v q bst q stt, y pt, spt pb stt s ys y ss -ts. L stt y f p ya fortioris -, bst p, st txt, p j sts ts pt. As, t stt py-

s s txt Cstt q sb q hs hhf v p st s s txts s,s, s, y , xsv p s ys. F txt vt p Pt, b tf stt f y. Exst s, s st t, t t, sspt pt pt stv, p s jstt stq b s t q ps f t.

S , f st v spsb t -, p spsb st st spvst ts pt -q stt, q s t t s ts y f s tt vs pt stvq b Pt, pst q s s Pt q p pt.

E t t tv y t y f y ss vss ts, q s s t s s p Dh t x stt s ys; q s b - s tbs, h, t pb; q stt f s ys s t sftttz p p p jf Est; y s p Dh pstv sts ps pts, s s Cstts spbs ts, s b t st, t q s-tt, ys s h f, s s stt, z- s s s.

II. La nocin de Constitucin

4.L st t y tp t Cstt, s , s s j tt sbs Cs-tt, psp, p s st, Cstt. -t t stt jq (Stufenbau) t j, y


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pt, st s pp. Isv, s x fq s pt st t st ft Cstt psb y T Est t, pqst p jq s fs js.

A tvs s tps tsfs q h sf, Cstt-h sv pt: pp sp q -t p t t stt y s sttp st t. C q q s f, Cstt s sp f-t Est, bs t j q s pt . Lq s t t t y sp p Cstt y stst f Est s q stty pp s xpsjt qb s fzs pts t t, s q b s ys, s s s j

s s s j tv s s stts: tbs, ts -sttvs. Est s s js ss Est, t s s y pt s f Cstt- st pp, y stt t. L Cstt s ps bs spsb s s js q t p sbs tv stt, s qs q t s sss p ps ps, y

f sts s hb

p. Es , Cstt s, s, st ft -t stt.

D st s v s Cstt y stbpsb, f s s stts s s s, st vs qs pt sp q t s sfs . As p st f stt y f . Lttvt, s Cstt, st stt y pp t, s t vst st f sp s hbt-t, s s q fzt Cstt st t Cstt st f.

S Dh pstv f stt sp, stt f- , s p q s f s p tb p ts sq t Cstt st stt, ppt p s sq , , s t s ys. D h st Cstt st p. Es st st p q st j s Cstts s t, st s sb s s y pt s, s s t hs fts s vs, bts vs. Es p s st p, s

xsv st pt, q Cstt s pps, s yts, p t s ys fts.P s s t y, bt p,

bt , vb pp, bj f hbt t bf s sjts, h sbjtv ,


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12 Hans Kelsen

bt, pp, t. Cstt sp, f, q s ys st b s bs s pt q psb, ss, q p t sps q sb , bt, pp, t. As, Cstt s s pt,s s, f. P st, y p s stt z pt s f, z qs t tv s pps s fs Cstt,s , y x s ts q Cstt s.

Es p q s st ftt stt f stt t s ys. S b, st st s s-bs sv q h stt t s, tst, s q stt f st q y yt stv t s psps Cstt, j-

s stt s f vt y stt. N s tt, ps,s sb s s f f stt q b s bsv.S Dh pstv f sts s fs, stbt p-ps, s, ts t s ys, t st j-, y s s q p q p zs pts, s, pt , s bts tzs sttt, s ft q Cstt tz s ts.

5. S s spss stts tvs pt y t s ys, p s pss s q p s ys, ts s ts Cstt stty s s pts t s ys stt-s. S b s q Cstt s xt tvs f stt ts bjts stts pt stv

y t pps t s ys, s h psb q Cstt s t, s ys s fs js stts, sp-, ts s ts js vs. E t Cs-tt p, ft, h t y, s y s f- t q hy s t p q p sp t ts sttvs jss vs.

L Cstt p sp, p jp, q s pfttts, s s s p s s, p vt Pt,s p ts Ejtv. Ests s s s s Rts Ns- q st s t s

.v q s ys y t s

fz q s, s pz y s f, y st tt sb-s Cstt f s sps ts pts.

P tt, sts ts p s, s ys, tt stt-s y t s s t s ys stts, b s sts Cstt.

N s p, tp, q s s s psts f stt- y q st t pps, s y ts t s


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ys fts y p, stt s ts p ys sq, p t, t f t pt q s -tt pbs s ss ts tvs ts jss , s,sttvs. Est s Cstt s st p -t s ss ts s jtvs sps: jf Est, sts, Cts Sps, t., t q sts s p ss s tv t y t q pt Cstt, s q bst p tt pp Cstt.

Est t p ftvt t Cstt- (s t tt p Cstt st t s-t s s tvs s s y pts s, stb s s q tt s s jtvs sps y s, t- s s fts t Est y ss sbts) p q

s s spt t hs fts, st s, s s qxps jt t, ts pps sb t s ys. L pt s Ests s sp st y ssCstts pst, , sts ts pts.

S t s s, ts s st s s s ys -ts s q s t tt sbs Cstt s,s, ts ts vs q p, p tt, s tt s-tts. E ts vs q s t sbs Cstt t p, tt, s t vt; ssft vst f stt, z sq tvspts, s js tt pbs s ss ts, p j-p, vt s ys sb s ss Iss ys stts.

Aq t s ts j ss yst, f, t t Cstt, s vt qq, p hh q Cstt h s v s s y, p s , t q st t stt- jq Dh t spf Cstt, s v p st z t jst stt s p-st, pst q t v t stt v-t s jst stt jst sttv, sst s sts tz j, y ptt, st.

6. Ts s ss hst q ss h s, xsvt, ts -tt sbs Cstt y, s, stt-

t. D sts ts s st t qs q s -t tt sbs Cstt y q p tt p ss tt stts.

C Cstt p xpst pp j (Vollziehung) y s ts sp, st s-


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f s tp t stt y vvs. S-s q, pt, pst q s tt s s, t -pt, q ts s s p s , p zsq s x s t, t s fs jst stt.

P t s s sby q stt t s-p p sts tt stt t, pq tsts s tps p sts ts s xts ts. As s,p jp, Cstt tz tt, tt, tss ts sttvs s s, t ts t s ts s pt y s j s ys q b p.Ests ts bt s p t tt ppCstt. P q q b , s , t ss -ts, st t p s ys q s t t sts y Cstt.

Ls ts pts s st t , vt - px Cstt, t tp t s s s hhh ptt s, ss q s ys s pz, qst tt sbs Cstt y p s, p tt -s, s t stts.

Ot s s s pst Cstt s pps tvs t s ys, vb, t hs fts. Lsts sttvs hhs p sts ys p s stt-s, st stt q t t t sttv . As, p j-p, s Cstt sp q xpp p t s tp y pt z y s, s t, s p xpp- sb bs y pftt stt q s tb pp p z p t ss spss st s, s z, ts t sttv s , p s -tt stt st hbt, ps v t t y y t pp stt j, s,s, t pp sp xpst s p Cstt sb, q t xpp b s p p y t z- x, s, t spf q Cstt p s.C bs st s p q t s ts s st tz sp vt stt q sv t Cstt.

E pp stt j s sf qt t j b s f y s tb y st,q p hb ts j s q sb bs y, s ,tz p y. P st, s t stt tb t

sttv z st t s, ppt hb, s y q pt p s , s s y, y t, ttstt.

P pt q st t s y s f y q y s pt ft, s s, p jp, q s-


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t xpp b b v y q tz xpp- bs s vt f . P y q sts s st tt x xpp p stp z, hy q b hh q, , -t t ts s y y p tt tt stts, y s tss, fts stt spt t, s pft-t t.

7. A s ys, ts ts y ts vs jq pst s ts tt s, s s s, t f j tt sb Cstt, s tts t-s. Ls Cstts t, , psps sb s -s, tz jf Est bs, Pt -

h pbs, x p s vz t s tsf ys,t. Ls pps stts sb t s ys v tp s tts ts, s, p v p , ps s -bb q Dh pstv s xpt sts spss.

Ls tts ts b s tpts q t Cstt xtt s q Cstt s ys.Es p, s, s tt stts, y s ft, -z s f, y s tt, z s t. P pt,p t, q tt t t v.

N bstt t, tt t f -t j s j t pftt v. N s p tpt tt sb Cstty t p s q sp q Cstt s v sp

t j, s , tpt st s pt vs-t p Dh t.

S s v p st pt vst y pt sp- Dh It sb s fts s stts, st s, s s pt p t j t, ts tt t p j sp s Ests t-tts, f Dh Gts, p pp t f p s pstts sts Est-s. E t t s bs st (jfs Est,sts s xts, Pts, t.) Dh It st p s fts s stts s Cstt.

Ds st pt vst, tt t ft y, s ft Cs-

tt, t p, pst q p y stt tt q t s psb. S s s DhIt, tt p p s fz bt s vt ttt, ts hhs ts p , p p t t s pts ttts, spt, y. S y, s y st-


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16 Hans Kelsen

t, t tt, s , st s, t Dh It-; v tt t tt, y tt t pp pac-ta sunt servanda.

Ntt ts ts stts s s ys p s ts Dh It y s q v, t tt, pp spt s vs ts s Dh It . S, pjp, s t xst Dh It s s xtjs p s xpps s q t p y ptz, ts t y stt, t y , t t -sttv stt, t st q xpp s z xtj, s ts Dh It. Dbs sby, pt , q Dh It p s s s -ts stts q s ts. N s h b tv pt -

t sts ts s p s s p tb t-. As ps, sts ts s sv vs s s q s s tvs pt stt. E Dh It t, t st, ss q

, s q h sp t q s t ss

s. Est t p q Dh It, s s sp s p-, p stt ts s s stts,p s t t s, Cstt.

III. Las garantas de la regularidad

8. Hb sftt xp Cstt y, p tt, tz stt y stt, s p h b-

st s ts ss p pt Cstt.Ests ts stty s s s q t j h s s ts stts . Lsts s pvtvs psvs, pss bjtvs.

A) Ls ts pvtvs t pv z ts s.Ls ts psvs t t vz z, t p ft, p q s h s, hsp y vtt, pz p t .

Ls s ts p tt, st s s y s - t.

Et s psbs ts pt pvtvs b s s, tt, z f tb t q Dh, s

, tz p p jp, p -v, p q sst q s p s jt b-, j ss fs, p v () t y, sp, sp ptt t p t-s. N st , p s, s q s s s, s-


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t s ys y s ts s. E p tb t- s ys y s ts s t st.L tv y pt q s js p

s tz st z f tb, ps hptss q sst q t js y st xst,s pt vst j, s , t t j, f- s. Ah b, pst s pt vst s s s vs sps sv p pst - j f s p pb f tst y js, tp t j y s. L stt js y st s xsvt f z- s tbs. Pb st s stt js stt-v, q sst q s ts sttvs, s , s ts q s -

t vs b p ts sttvs, s zs p tbs, q s ts s ts sttvs s t tb, y ts ts p s, s, s s q s s s y, vtt, s s f-s, s , pzs p t .

L ps t t js y st, s p-t ts stts j, f sb st st, pxps s q hstt, st q s t sp-, s s sts s s, ps y s fst t f- st pt. N s ps s hstt q p xps p q sv p , s s t, -t j ss fs.

L z f tb Dh s, s t pvtv s tst s ts s, -s, p p ts q s pss. Ls ts s s-psb p y spsb sp, s spsbv q h z t .

B) Ls ts bjtvs, q t s tp t psvt, s b t .

L sf q t q pt s t j y, sp t stt, s t bjtvt pq s , s , sp ss q psb j sp. A t ft t t j, q s s p t s sp t j, t t j. P t, s v t

f s s st ps , s b.Tt s ts pbs s pts, t h x-, ts s sts, t , ytt, s, v y bt. Es s pq Dhpstv t st p x t t q pt t t t


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18 Hans Kelsen

j y sb s sv s pss y ts sts ts, q t z v j -q p s s a priori s st b. Aft sjt t, t t j t v b s s- , st s, s f t j.

D hh, s hs pstvs t sts y s p tt s ts s, p q, pp, pt p -h ts. Hbtt s ts s pts y s ts s tss tts ft. E s stt t t tts ts s ts pbs, s s, vs y btshst q t t t s h sp. L st s ts s ts b s , s s, p pt p stt q s hs ts s

bs, s p t s q h z t y sst p t t y s s pv t tpt.

Est pp pt, y , p s fts D-hs y q p fs pp tt (Selbstlegitima-tion) s ts s ts pbs, pt ts ts. E Dhpstv p sp q t t q s pst t t pb b, s st, s s t hst q s - p s p t t t. S vtt bs,p jp, x sjt pt p t stb- p v q t t pb-. P p t , tp s psb s a priori t tz p t ptt pst f , tv,t pt .

E pb bst, t f t y tt, tss b, st s ts

Cstt s tt q s -

s f q q p s x Dh pst-v s t s p s ts tt sbs Cstt y q, stt, sts ts s, tb, -t st, t Cstt.

N s pts s ts pbs b s y tt q s tt s. Et s p hb, stbt, ts q t- ys s q p. P p fs p f t t q sp t a prioriq s ps y, t -stv v, p v, s , y stt.

S Dh pstv p s st t. S b, -t h, s, stt ps. My f-tt Dh pstv j sp st st t v pt stt -hs b t s, v q s tt ps y. P


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, t st h s sf bst p t sp b; pst q s t q s st- q t q s h sb t j, p vss s t ft ttv.

L s Dh pstv stb -s q b s s p q t j s a priori; p jp, Cstt q t q s t pb bj tt y D Of (Bulletin des lois) b v y q q p- s ss ts s, ts hy s p stf p h. Ps s sp, f ts, t pbq b tt s s s s s -s, s q p spss b s ys sp-t q s ts.

Ds pt vst Dh pstv, st q s tq q s t pts s b s, s xp, st: p, s s t , sb, p b spp s t y s; s , stt p q, j psb, t q z s s t q p s s s psts p Dh pstvp s vz, h sv s b t.

E s t, s t sf s t, -s q p ft ttv hst t q f z t.Est tpt s p pq s s st ptq t p bjt t q s, pp, spt fp ts y q, p tt, p s s, , q ts t pt, p st s q s ; pq s b stt t stttv, s s, f s txt, s q t .

Ds pt vst Dh pstv, st s, t q sb ssh t , xst s q b, y st st s qp psts s t b, ft ttv.

L b t sf psb h sp ss ss js. L t, v, vss -s, t s s t s ft tp.

Ds p sts pts vst, p s ps ts s t. C s tt t v st s

sbt, p s s s tt . L - s t t s t s t-s tbs ts sttvs q b p p b hs p s t s -, p sv, s s stv v; p,


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20 Hans Kelsen

p s, st s t v y b s p ts ss pts ts, sts t p sb pt t-, s .

L t p , q p t s vzp s t h s , t p - pst q h sp vz y s sy s s, p s spt p, t s t.T s st s tbs s ts sttvs ft s ts s ss Cstts s. P ft s ys,p , st js ps t ps ps t. L s f-t s q s tbs p x s ys, s , stt s ys ts s spts, s t vf pb y, p, p tt, hs s p

s t s q s t spb.

Ls pfs y sf t s s -t s vts. Sb t ft s ss y sj q v y q sbt s h st tbs bst p t , s, y p s, ts qt tb h t, phbs s ts sttvs, s s tv, hs s p. L tz pp x s s s, s jstf tt t-s s spts. P s s sv f st t t ,ts s psb b t p s t fv sst tt, s , p ts s ss q hb t q s p. S t q p t sb ps f s st t sp.

E t s tp, p ts ft p t xts t ps, s , s ft ttv.Ntt q st f t st s q p s ts q tss js s, st s, s f, ps, t t, s s. E s j x q , s t-by ft s q pro futuro,s , pt . Isv, s s ps psb pt t v s hst xp t pz.As p hb zs vs p h p t v y t, p jp vacatio legis; ss p- hbs p j s v s hst x-

p t pz pt st .S b, ts sts p h s t-tv. N hy q ps t s xt, ptt s-, ttv t, t qv s t b s s p sb


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t ptt p vt x Dh p-stv s p s vz s f p y sp-t ps t j. Es s ps ft ttv xp-, t ts tps ts t t ss.

P z t t, s t pt sb s p s p s q hz t s s f t. S, sb t, s-s pst s q p p s pts.S q vt q s sb t q h y q s s sp, q s t bj t y spsb sp ptt s s tt tz t ss ts, s sp q, s jstt q q b s s

sp.N s st sb q h z t s,

s, sp ps q s t ss p vtq s ts t s hh p t t. As s-, p jp, s tt ts ts sttvs sps q st ft s, s , b, ts, tsf z sttv y t, tt p s f p s -z, t t js pt, s , tb.

T t t s q pbt st t js- y st, v sp ps t st st p v sb . Ls s ts j, pt , pp pt st s ts Cstt. Bj ptxt q sb q h t q sp- ps b s spt, s b, ss, t s st s , s tsss q h h spvst fz b-t, sps qjs, b xst pt q b b t p s t. S b q z pt b t s q p sv t ; s , t p. Est qps p s, q t v, s qh z t y t sp. P t, s s s t sst q stty ts s tp y : st t s p tt, p s s sv q z. Est , s

b p st b jt p s t t , y j st b p, s, stsjt pz. P st vt f t sft, p qs t s t.

Est t xst s t s p-


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22 Hans Kelsen

tt p ptt ft pt q q h z t . S s t vs t sfs stts s, js y st s t- vs pt stt ts ps s pt stv, pt js y pt sttv, ts s b stt s q t s t t s- pt ts p jp s ts sttvs s s-ts s s s p v t sttv p vst, s , p t t q pt s p s, t sttv sp s, t j sp t y s q t q pt t p s. Es jq pt p tp; jst sttv s jp s. Es s tst s ssts js s q -

s ts jss s t tz, s s xp,p s p tp. E ft, s p s tbs s v t sft ss ts.

L t pt st s pz p t. A spt s s st s psbs ts: tptt p t tb p sstt t p t, s , t p s s s f. P f t p t js t y t - h s . S t s t s Dh q st h f s f, p jp bj f -tvs, s p sf st, q tts j s ps p t p p p s js t spf j.

IV. Las garantas de la constitucionalidad

Et s s ts tt s, q t p bjt -tz s fs stts, t stts q pst t pp y s fz Cstt. S b,st sf q p pss ts s s s ts q st sbs.

Ctt q t pvtv ps z q t tb st, t f s. L s, q q s tt ppt, p s f tb; tt s vs s fs stv y js s, t,

z q z stv st st p ts pts vst stts stt s ft.Es ttss y t q q .

P t, s ts psvs spsb stt y spsb v s s q z ts s, s pft-


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t psbs. Ctt q q t s, s tt spsb Pt t, ss bs: s p fts zs sjt pp spsb p v.S b, s vs ss s jf Est, stsp st sjts spsb p stt s ys, s-b t Cstt sp q sts s p p p s f spsb stt pt s-tv. D hh, stt spsb st, tst sCstts s, sv tb p s stt s -ys; y s sbt q st spsb ps p s -p t p tz s ts y, tb, p-t, s ts vs tt sbs Cstt.

Sb st t pt, s p ps tb spt sps-b p p s s ss p s ts s. P, qq s, spsb st hst stt pb s s s y fz; t, s ts ts pss s t-b sfts pst q t fz bt t y, pt, y, stt. Es, s, f t t stst ss, q Cstt s t tz; st v-t s s ts stts s psb.

1. La jurisdiccin constitucional

9. N xst hptss t q s p st tt- f s ts s pp q s h z-

, q t Cstt. Y, tt, s st p-t st s t; pst q f q s pv, t , t fz stt p t y b t t - s q ptb, pq Pt p, p s pptz, s b fz. S pt t q Pt y vt p z q t st hb stt. E stv s s b Dh y p Dh v Cstt, bstt q st, tt, b q -tvt .

N s ps Pt s q s p t p z s sb-

Cstt. Es ft , pt , y pst, tb q t t stt, q s s - s ts stts st s, js Tb- Cstt.

A st sst s , hbtt, ts bjs. L p s, t-


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24 Hans Kelsen

t, q t stt s ptb sb Pt. Pbst hh q p hbs sb sttpt, ps sb pt t t stt st -t s sp s p hh q b s q Cstt, ftv, pt stv xtt s q s ys pt s tbs y s tssttvs; q s s t sb Cstt bs-tt, s f q js y st st s, y, p tt, q pst stt s ys s, t- tt, t, p pt, pst js y st.

S, tt sts pts vst, s t f ptb- jst stt sb s, s spt p

s s p pt, xps stv, jst t ptt Dh pstv p s s Cstt. P, s p zs pt s pb st t, xs-t t j q p tz.

N s s s bj q s v pp sp ps. Ct q t stv p stt stv stty vs p stv, s hb-tt. P t pbt st t s v s -t s s s q q s f s ys stt-s, j, ppt, v f js, t p p ss bs z tb. Ps q s s p st, f t f js y f- stv, sst, t t, q st s js s,

tt q t, s s vs.2Ah b, y qv , pst q

y t s t q s f. Ns, p s , s q f s tv, y s, ts, f stv y tb q t p s ys s, p st, P Lstv. S p, p tt,tpt s ys p tb y s, stb P Lstv t s s, b, vs P Lstv.Ah b, st s, s hb, t, v pp sp s ps, s s Cstts s -qs stts, s s t f, pp, P-t jtt , q ts hptss xps t, jtt ss sts, h t zsq s ys. Ns v y js x q s tvs pts

2 S p ps p t hh q st st s st pps,ps s spt Pt p pb tb s vs.


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q t st t sp ps, q st s h p v st st pp: f qb s fzs pts q stt.

S s q t st pp Rpb t, t ssfts sfs, s p s t t, zbt, qq, sp ps, vs s ss, s, pt p t fts s, tt p sspt, s p pt t p s s sb s ts. Y, t p ps t p xsv ss s t q s ps p s s, p tz ft s fts -s. P, ts, stt jst stt st t pp sp, s, p t, s

f st.L st sb s s ys stts

p s tb s t, p tt, f ss. S pft Pt ft Gb s pst vt; pst qs, pst, Pt y Gb, s q b st, tt q -s ptpts pt stv, ts p jsstt.

Hb , s, x s hh s s ys f stv ts ss pt-s, tvs ps y bt st st. P, , s y q ts s ss pts q st f stv, s ts t, ppt, stt s ys.

Es q p st t f y sp s ys. L y s p st p s -s Cstt. L b q tz s pt-t s pst . E tt q s st v Cstt s q pt y st xp- t t s ys q b t y , t, ppps s s, tv s tv, s, -tv js stt, p t, st bstt t- p Cstt. Es pst p q s f s sj q t tb , y stty ppt p D-h y, st b , Dh; s f s, ptt, vt js. S, ps, s ss pps ss s

q s t s tt p s stt p z s tbs s s jtvs.A st spt s p pp s f p ts s Cs-

tts psbs. L z js stt b -s sb s pts s. H q, s b s


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26 Hans Kelsen

ss y v s. E bs b sy v, y s q s sb sts Dh q st ps, js stt p s pt j tpt Cstt. Et s s s pt-t tps, s p p s svs sp p Pt bt xsv p jf Est p Gb. Psbt ss p b, h, p jp, s js Pt p-pst Gb, q p s vs ts p pst, -vst.

Es pt t, ps js stt-, s jsts pfs. S p st ,p jp, s Fts Dh ps s tss h pp ts, s p pt s psts. S

p, ss, pp Tb h pp spts p pst vt pv p , s , p pt. E Tbt, ft, s ts fz s t s s spsts ts.

Es t ptt x js stt s -bs Pt Gb, pst q s pst ss ts s qb s ts. Es y f, p s sb, j jsp js stt t f pt. N s p q sspsts p st stt js t pss pts. S st p s ptt s pfbpt, s q f t y p tt tb s pts p-ts, s ptp t f Tb, p jp, h

pv pt s psts p Pt p v , t t fz tv s pts. S s ts psts s ts sp-sts, sts p t h s t s ss pt t-s, pst q s pt s t s p b s bs s fs s tss ppt pts.

2. El objeto del control jurisdiccional de constitucionalidad

10. I. S s ys ts stt s q f ppbjt jst stt.

P ys s s t s ts s s s s s-tvs, st s, s s s, s Pts ts tt-s Est F s.

Db s sts t js stt ts s tsq pst f ys, s s t s vs, p j-p, pspst, ts s ts ts q t t s p z t s, bstt s f y, sps ts -sttvs. E t s p s f st


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s q js stt. P, t, stt ts ts Pt q t, Cstt t b-t, s vst st f ys s x s pb- D Of (Bulletin des Lois) , p jp, t Pt vt pspst (sp tt q b f-ts f y) y ts ts ps b p s vfs p j-s stt.

It, ts s ts q pt v ys, p q s z ft s q sp ttq s t fts bst, s q p s bjt pt t s s ts q pt s -ys, p q hb b s s Cstt y q f ss-ts t stt h s sttt vsts

t f: vts p Pt sps ss pb-bs pbs sps ts.

E s q js stt tv q t, p j-p, s q stt s ys, y q Gb p bt vt y, ts p v t t q, - Cstt, p s s p v stv. As st tq t sttt y b p s t t j-s stt. Ests jps s s: s h vst Ast Pt Est b F tt t pv sp s pbb pq sb q y hb s p js stt. S s q p q t js s sv, ts ts b s pt st js. Y st pp b

ps p ts s ts bjts t stt.11. II. L pt js stt b ts -

t stt s ys. Db xts, pt, s -ts q t fz y, ts tt sbs Cstt- y y sst xsvt y s h sstt. Et sts ts s t, ppt, s R-ts Ns. E t s stt s bstt pttps t v Cstt sf, st spt, t q v sf Gb y Pt, t ptt pt-t. Mts s stts s s s q Cstt s tz,s s p p stt sts spss, ytt s s t js s . L xp s-

, ft, q q q Cstt tz sts Rts Ns, s stt s sp, s z, pst s-t. Es y ptt q xst, p s ts, st spy bjtv s t f ss, sb t pq s st-s x s tv bts ptts.


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28 Hans Kelsen

E t stt s ts ts ys, ppt js stt, fts qsts ts t, jq s fs js, s q s ys y s, ss, s ys ts fz y. Pp tbs, t, js stt t s-tt s sps ts pts. Ct, sts ts s y hs h ts tt sbs Cstt;p tt s sst tt s y s t s stt. S, bstt t, pps xt s pt js stt, s s tv ptt s ps t sttt stt t, s t t, s q , ft t t s ts js s y s ts js vs.

E ft, pt s t pt jststt sst t , sb t, jst sttv q xst y pt s Ests. Ds pt vst pt t, s p f sp sts s pts t Cstt tby js stt t ts s ts tt sbs Cstt. S ts s pt, btbt, stsq t, tt, hs Ests, pt s tbs -sttvs, p jp, s ts tvs s ts st-tvs vs tt sbs Cstt. P t pt, spt s xt t ts ts js q t pt, , jst sttv, ppt s ts.

Ah b, s js stt, tt, st s f- p s ts s. Y st pq spt pt tt - s tbs sttvs, t pp, s tssttvs vs, s, pt, pq t t st-t s ys y t s ts xst -t f p hh s t .

Ds pts vst , ps, t pt js stt: pt, p t Cstt-, q p t ts s ts t-t sbs Cstt y s s. P t , ps t tss y ts vs, q p t js stt- s ys y s ts. Es s, h t pj

t, b sts s pps s s ss Cstt ss.

12. III. S s y s ts bt jst stt, sp t ts fts tvs s t xt, z


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q xst ts ts s s q s j st f-t s ts, ppt qs s s q s -s sf t p, s p v s s jsps, s p p, s, qs q st ts tsjs q v bts s t pb tpb (p jp, tfs ps fs, sttts ssp s, vs tvs tbj, t.).

E ft, t s s s Dh q txsvt sttv, st s, t stricto sensu, y s ts jss Dh pv, s psbs t s ts.T vs t s s, ps, sp, s s bt. Bj stsv, s p q s st t js stt- s s s s q xsvt ts pbs,

tts ts ts s, ts stts st stt, ts pvs ps. Y q p tb ss b Est y ss s, s stts stzs.

13. IV. C hbs ptt, s tts t-s b s tb ss s pt vst p -t stt ts tt sbs Cstt. Est t t s s. S s s q b st-ts t s , p pss st f jsstt. Jt s p q Cstt Es-t tby st pt p s tts q jzstts. S p v fv st xts pt jst stt ts sbs. S ft Dh

qvt y, tt t p s ys; s ps, st ts pt q tt t st f Cstty spt, ptt, qs s q t t s ys y s tts. N Dh It s p st t stts.

S, b ts, Dh It tz s Ests t- s Cstt s s q p vt tts, s, bs q b s pts ttts, s t Dh It stt q t p s sq tz. N p vs s s tts p sbs tt p s Ests ttts, ps st sp-, vtt, q tt hy s b vt. U Est q

q b tt t Est b fs s Cstt. EEst ttt b p s q s s, tt tt ptt t Est, s tt b st t, q pt, Cstt s -ttt, s-t tt b. P s s t, p , q Dh


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30 Hans Kelsen

It t tt ps jf Est stt ptt p b tts y, s, xst Dh It s s Ests stv bs pt t s tts q b s Estsxtjs s tt p p t ss Ests, s s-pss ts Cstt s p s vs. L - tt stt spt, s pt vst Dh It-, v q p ss .

Es st ft pt y j sb s ts q ts Ests p b tts pt xps s ppt js stt. S s h b s tss ptt q hb fv xts jst stt s ttsts, y s tss pt xt q hb st t,

s psb q sts ts p pv. Ds pt vst s t-ss t s sb, stbt, tb -t s tts ts, s t sts q p s p, st t xyt js stt, p t. P st s st j bjt st st y s s q s t Dh Itt pt s psb.

14. V. E q ps, p ps jst stt t s ts js vs? L st s p s ts stbs. E ft, s hh q t j s z p tb- s t sft s . Q st sst -tt tt stt s tv sft p

sst sts ts s jss Dh y tb s -t Tb Cstt sp.

Tp s ts vs zs p s ts sttvsb st, s s t tt sbs Cstt, s-ts t Tb Cstt, s, pp, s tbssttvs. Est, t t, p ts t ss s-ptvs pts f vt fts tbs y bs pt-s q p ft psts, z t tv pst stt t y stt t. S j ts, js stt, t t s ts js v-s q s zs p Pt, y s q vst f y tt t, p s tt q ys ts q sts ts t

bj s pt.S p, s b, xt pt js stt s ts vs, q st vsts f s ys stts q stv tt sbs Cstt, spy sts ts t t bts, pq s st t psb-


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t s sp. S s p tt s y t ts. S p, tt, js st-t, p zs pst p ts zs, t ts ts -vs jf Est Gb sp q s s, , sts t j. E f, ss q p s pt-, s, h Tb Cstt At Ct Jst - jz s sts sts spsb, tb t fts, tb vst ts fts, bjt vts s j-ss sps. E ft, s pfb, , s psb ts sps s Dh.

15. VI. P bv q Tb Cstt p s ss tv v t q t s s. P q

q h j st v? Obsv t st st svt, s b, q s psb p t stt -s y bs. E ft, s st st s s ss p s ts t b t s ft -ttv, s ts b t p b p tss hhs zs ts s tb v. S s q vt stp z stt b s sp q h s Tb Cstt q h , s s q ststt s stbz tt y q s t - st v q svb. P st sp st TbCstt.

L stt p js stts ss f ppt s s s s s-

t s s q s st y s s t q Cstt. S s tt y t Cstt y t , st vt pp lex posterior; p ps spf, s, t ps-b . E sf q s tbs y s ts sttvs b- sv t st p p Dh pstv vf xst t t Cstt y y t y f s sts st x. L st, pt s ts -sttvs, f tt st pt q s hbt s ys.

Est t pt y pt p vss stt-s, sb t s sts vss s t fts s q h t ss Ests s G G. L y pt s

Cstts s Ests vs h b, p jp, t Dht Dh Cv, Dh P, Dh Asttv q stb v s tt, sp q st t s v Cstt-. Ah b, sts ys, s y ts y hhs bj p y fts Cstts, s tb ftt t


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32 Hans Kelsen

s spss Cstt tt, tv b s ys, s, , s t.S Cstt sp, p jp, q p s pv

sb bs sx, y s tpt st sps v t ps ys psts, p p s ys ts p s vs bs p Cstt, y s s b t q Cstt tt sys ts, s s ys sps vs, st -ptb sts ys ts Cstt p s jty f sv y, ptt, y ptt. P p b- s sts pbs s tps ts s p s ys, ys ps sb pt s, psbt, yvts.

V ps pts s b t sts ts x

ptb Cstt s ys ts q Cstt hb xpst, y f Tb Cstt t, q q-v t Cstt v fz t ft s ys t-s q h xpst, sstty p p Tb Cstt.

3. El criterio del control jurisdiccional de constitucionalidad

C s t q p js stt j s t? Q s b s bs ss ss? L spst st st p, pt, bjt t. Es vt q p sts tt sbs Cstt, s s stt, yp s ts q st s q tt sbs, s s

q b s t, s t, s f t s -s sp q b s vf. Es t vt q -t b p pt s h s b t, s s t, s s s sp t spss sb pt.

Ds pts b, s b, s xs y t.

16. E p , p s tzs s s Dh It t t? P s q s ts y st st t st t, y Cst-t, s tt t Dh It. U y q t tt t t s -t spt Cstt, ps, tz ts s

b tts ts, Cstt h s tts f vt stt, xys s f tt q h hh sy b f p y -. U y t tt s p st s t, stt. P p p f q y stt


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(Verfassungsgesetz) vt tt s , s s sts pt vst sp Cstt, st s, s pt vst p j t, ps s st pt vst h p tt t p sp s Ests tttsy p s psb q s ts stts, pt, s ys, -ts, t., sts t js stt, v s-t s s pts tt t y, p tt, tt pp spt s tts, s s ts pps Dh It- .

Db pts Tb Cstt s ts stts, sts s t, p t Dh It?

E t s ys s s ts qvts sbs sts ys ts s tts, s p h

bj s. E ft, st pt s t, bstt, - Cstt, q s tb hy q v bt jst stt. Tp p hs bj s t s ys y s ts qvts fs y p v Dh It , sp q Cstt -z xpst sts s s, s , q s t stt, bj s t s DhIt, h hh ts Cstts ts. E ft, sts s vt Cstt q ss s s tb spts p s.

As ps, ts q s p pt s ys ts Dh I-t s ys stts. L s s s, y s q sss hy s bs p Cstt ys stt-s . Ps, y t s, s p sf q sts ys p s xs p y . Est p s b t vt s spt Dh It y s s t q s s, bstt st p, t y p v Dh It s q s v, s pt vst Cstt- q t, .

P s ft Cstt t st -t Dh It , s t, s tt ysstts ts Dh It, s Dh t -, s, s, v. Pst q p js stt, - stt, vz s s ts q b p p t s ts stts p s p p pt Cstt, s ,

s Cstt q s p v p t Est, p-p Cstt q h Tb Cstt y q p, qt, sp.

P y sb q f v q ts s Cstts b s- jp s Cstts y st s s D-


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34 Hans Kelsen

h It , q pt s p p TbCstt stt, s s, bstt, q ft st -t, tz jt Tb Cstt y t Dh It. P s s ss, pt T-b Cstt s t t y vs Cstt. Ctq, hh, s psb q js stt pq s s Dh It sts s hptss. P st s, jsstt j f q y t s jstf j t stt. U y stt p tb stpt Tb Cstt. U Tb Cstt q y stt s, ps p s s Dh It-, y , p v s s Dh It, p jt s s s Est y

Cstt h , s j sp st Est. Y s s p ss ts, pq Cstt - j t t q ft stt p s s Dh It .

17. S p s s Dh It p Tb Cs-tt s t st s ts q s b , p- s stts s s js s s sp-pstvsb s s t x. S f, ss, q xst p Cstt t Est ts s Dh Nt q b- s spts, tb, p s ts stts s p- Dh. S s tt pps tzs Cstt -q t t j y q s t

Dh pstv p v bst, s bstt fsv fs s Dh pt. S b, sts pps s ps ps s s js s s s ps y st s. P, s s tt pps q h s ts s Dhpstv, s q b s s pq s jsts s b q s pts-ts sts pps t y, s s , Dh,ts s tt spt psts q s jt bts,q xps, , s s tss ts ps, s tss s Dh y t s, yp p zs s s t, s, tb s s sbs q t st p s q t q s f pt y pt p Dh. S b, js y st-

t s sv p s, s , t q s t vs tpts t psbs.Pst, hh q s z sts p-

ps s s s h p hst h, ps ts s sfzs t-ts st st, t y p v t y


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p t, ps Dh, p s zs ts s, t p Dh st t, s t sps-t st sb s sts pps p s ps p jsstt.

Y s s p s t , , vs, s Cstt s f sts pps v s s q, jst, bt, , , t., s ps, bs-tt q s s t . S sts fs b s q pt t, t t j s sf-z p tvs, p q, bt, , jst, -, t., sf t, ft ps sts vs, q s-, s s s j y, st tzs ,st, bt q s s j p Cstt y y.

Ls ps jst, bt, , ,t., f t s pt vst s tss, q s D-h pstv s t s, t Dh p s jst-f p s tts ps psbs. P t s p s vs st sf, y p sf, q Dh p-stv s t s p ps bt, , t., pspss s s Dh s p. Ls fs st, t, , sf. Es st Dh.

Es pst jst stt q sts fsp j pp xtt ps. S p tpt q s s-pss Cstt vt s fs jst, q, , bt, , t., tvs tvs t s ys. Evtt p , pst q s s s Cstt fj ps, s s Cstt - t bjtv q. S b, t t sts spssy s spss ts sb t s ys q s t s Ds Dhs vs, s b ft, y s, p tt,psb q Tb Cstt, sb stt- y, z q s jst, s jst ppstt q b, s, p. P p Tb st q v sptb. L p jst y s j-s st tb p st ps pt p -y pb y, p tt, y Pt q h vt y. Es bv q Cstt h q, p pb t p-

s y qv jst, q t p, h p st t y vt p Pt b vt js pst s s bt s pt vst p-t, s Tb Cstt. P vt sjt spz-t p q Cstt q y q ptt, s pt-


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36 Hans Kelsen

t t Pt st q s xt y q pvts pstt fzs pts tt stts sq s xps Pt, Cstt b, sb t s Tb Cstt, bsts s fs y, s q stb- pps tvs t s ys, b fs t ps s psb.

4. El resultado del control jurisdiccional de constitucionalidad

18. a) D sts ts xps s q s s q q Cstt s ftvt tz, s s, q t st t Tb Cstt s tt s st, s q s . Est st b t, s f

s s st s pst s pp, fz t.b) T t xt pt q ps

, y pt y, p pts s s vttz Tb Cstt t p v f, s ,p pt, s st v s ptt -ptt, s. E t s, p st t s j j t bt Tb, pq s b q Cstt s p, , f st t vs ss y ss.

c) Es tb vt x s s b, ts sj, q , pt s s s y ppt s ys y tts ts, p s t pz fj p Cstt, p jp, ts s pt t t v , y q s xtt tb t q y, p, tt p stt, sps q hst v t s s s hb s sts.

d) E t s s vt, ts pp s j, tb, pp, ft ttv s s. As j sbsst ts s ts js tt zs bs st. P st ts xst s hhs ts - h s tv bjt t q s p s t pb, s s, s s vt t ft ttv s , b s jzs vt q - s pro futuro, st s, p s hhs psts . A t sts q st ttvt s, s, s t z pt -

t stt.S s s ft ttv, s, ftttv t q s b y s, p tt, s ss jsq h p ts s sbsst, s qs q s fs-t s p p s ts, s t s fts ts s


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t v s s q b hst ts sbjt, s , b s s q tss pp lex posterior derogat priori. Est sf, p jp, q y p Tb Cstt , bstt, stbt st j xstt ts t v y : h vv t y f s bjt y q y b. D st, p s , sf v -h. U t q hst ts s tb , j s, s b-s js sp, bt j s s.

E ss st st p p y tbs ss. S-b t s y h s z s t, s s z v f p t s b, y pt, s f- y q s bjt q tp bstt s-

b. P st vt s b pv psb f sfts hst xp t t t pt spb.

S p, spt, ps t : ft Tb Cstt stb jtt s q q ss s q t t y vv t v. S ts pt j pp Tb q s s p h s st p stbt t st- j. S tb q Cstt h p stst ptv s s s.

S b, qzs, h xp s q s y qsst t b y hst ts v; pstq s ft psb s sp s q h t y b y t, s , t v st t.

P t , sps q s b pt ps t s s sp q Cstt t - s s s t pz pt s t v, - p vt v s js s ts -ptbs s vs s.

E p s f Tb Cstt p pstvt v- s s, t h t stv s f, s qs p s s q hb s psts v, tt,p s .

e) E spstv st Tb Cstt s ft ss tt t j tv v spt

t q s t f s s s tt q y hy s b p ts, p q b tv s p h-hs ts. E s s, s Tb Cstt t- q , hs t, s q st v-z; p j s st stttv y . L f


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p ts s, y s , y stt-. E s, s t q vt p y st-t s hhs ts st.

E spstv s t s pt q x p Tb Cstt s pst t Cstt s -t t. E t s, st p - stt.

f) Es s s, f, q b ps st y s tt, t s tt, s q p tb -ts s ss spss, sp tt, q s ts s -t, s b, pbs q v s st f sp. Csp Tb Cstt p bt s s q y t s tt s s ss spss.

5. El procedimiento del control jurisdiccionalde constitucionalidad

19. Cs b s s pps ss pt t stt?

a) L st pt t Tb Cstt- t pt p: s q s st pb -p ppt q Tb Cstt p ps s t Cstt.

L s ft t sst, tt, tz actio popularis:s, Tb Cstt st b p x - s ts sts s js, sp s ys y s ts,

st q pt. Es st ts pt q xst s ts s b, stbt s stsf. N s p, s b, st s pq t p y s ts y s sptb s-tt pss.

Et vs ss psbs, s p s sts: tz yb ts s ts pbs q b p t -s sb s , tp pt s t y t-p t Tb Cstt z p x y - vt . S p, tb, t st p xsvt ts ts sps sps sts y Cts Sps -s, sts t s tbs, b q xs s-

t s t t t t t s p-t y js pftt jstfb.S Tb Cstt t y s st s

t t b p s t q s -, s s q s, , pro fu-


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turo hb st v s s pj. Est ft ttv s s t, pq s , s ts s p Dh t ts t sftt ft ppv tv Tb Cstt. S st tv s pxsvt, ppt, p s ts js y s-ttvs, s s sts tp sts s tby -, sts ss, ft ttv t.

S y pt p s stt t-pst t Tb Cstt, actio popularis, pt s pts ps j sttv tp t s ts tspbs ss js ts sttvs z q, qtt s, sts ts h s zs j - , y stt t . Aq s tt h

bt tt s pts, s t p-v tv Tb Cstt: y q sp q tj sttv t s s h p pt y pst, s, p .

E s Ests fs, h tps s stt- b s s bs s Ests-bs t s tsjs F, y Gb F t s ts s Ests-bs. E t stt sts ss s f ppt p spss f, tst s Cstts Es-ts fs, q s t pt sptv F y sEsts-bs.

U stt ptt vs, p q s s s-, s fs Cstt t Tb Cstt q, sjz Mst Pb pt p, f pt t stt spt s ts q sts. Es vt q tt sjt f b st vst ts s ts p bs, tt ft Gb ft Pt.

E q ptt s t s ys, s xt-t ptt t f Pt h t-p. Y tt s ptt, t q jst stt, h-bs st s t, b st sv, s spts, pt s s.

Cb psb, f, h q Tb Cstt f-

pt t t y t

ss s. Est p t , p jp, x- t, Tb s t stt- y t st t, s tb, pt-, Tb s sb ts tsjs vs s s s s s tt pst


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40 Hans Kelsen

st, s s stt s q tt. Ets, T-b h s ts fs p tp ss t, tp pt tv s t y p, st vz f, x q hb b p s. S , T-b b, h s ts ts s , -sv t pt s hbs s p.

E s q s tb ts v-s y pt ts ts sttvs, Tb Cstt- b, tt, s st p s pss ys tssjt pts h s ss p t . S s psb qs pts st t j v t TbCstt, p , j tv h s t z, ts s pts t, y

q s tps ss s ps j sttv, psb st, tt, s s -t pp Tb Cstt.

20. b) E pt t Tb Cstts q, , s s pp pb y s t s t ,q s tt, ppt, sts p Dh q tb ts s xps ts s ts sts q s ptsp pst , q b pst Tb. Ls sts q Tb Cstt s ts t sb q s p, pp, sp pb pt q s pb- tz. Isv b pt s b js b s tb pb.

Db t s pt t: t y t s t-, p pt f s ; q tp ;vtt, tb pt ts t pt t Tb- t t sttv q pt t, pt q t h st t, tt, t Tb Cstt. L t st pst p s jf jq,p s pst p ss fs, s s psb, vs Dh.P s pts, s vt h bt pt b, z t tt j t.

21. c) L st Tb Cstt, t f -, b t t, q pz s s f.

P s s q t v p s pb, t , st s, st Tb, b s tb pb s- q f . Aq p xs a priori pp Tb ftv pp, Bt Of (Bulletinofficiel), p pb pt ss sts , s -


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vt, t s, pb s ys y s ts s ftv q h s pbs, y f s t-. L st Tb b, ps, t, t, b pb ps t p t ft.

L t v s hst s pb. S vtq Tb Cstt p , hs h, q -, spt ys y tts ts, st ft s hst xp t pz pt s pb, q s s q p Pt s pz y stt p y f- Cstt, s q t p y q s -t t tp tvt .

S y h s t p tb t sttv, -s s p s t, st ft ttv p

ft. S y j st v s hst t t-p sps pb s y s, p tt, s ts bt p, ts p spss t t sp s t q h pv , st q sys ts st s ys stts Tb Cstt. Eststty t spt fv tb Tb- Cstt p stb, tt y, stj t t v y . Est pt, -tt, st ft ttv sb st q h , pp stv tp s p pp y v q sp s xs Cstt.

V. La significacin jurdica y polticade la justicia constitucional

22. U Cstt q ft t b s tsstts, s pt bt s st t. Aq , s t pq t j p pt pt t Cstt q s ts s-tts y pt s ys stts s t vs ps s stt qv s s, s pt vst sttt j, s s fz bt. T y, t -t, s, t t j z p s pts t fz j sp s Cstt sts ts s -

t, s b, sbs y q ts s v s vz. E D-h pstv v, bstt, p q t t q st t sp p s , sv s sp s ppCstt.

Est b fz bt st s p-


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42 Hans Kelsen

t fz, q hst z, q s f Cstt sst s vs pt v. Ah b, p q tts p-s s s Cstt, b q ptt fbs, st, , s spvsts fz bt?

Ctt q Cstt q pv Tb Cstt, stt , p s ts stts, s tspvst ttt st j. S v p t t s- xst s stt spsb st, sq s ts s ss f s ts stt-s, sp q s pbs. P, bst hh st t q y s h s s y fz pq j sbsst y stt-, s p t st s q Cstt q p-t stv , q fj t s pps t t s

ys. L Cstt s s txt q s ys b s bs t y q b t t t; p t qs ys stts s tb vs, s, , q s ysp s hhs t , y s t sbps s ts ss;y q s ys stts s tb p s vs s q vt Cstt; st s, s b s, tb, t , stts, pst q s vs. P s sf q p-t stv xpst Cstt, y s pts s-s h s, ps s ps, spss bts s stfttvs.

Q s Cstts s ss ft t b s tsstts s, hh, tpts st f, s, pst

xt ft st t hs hh ft s, y q s t v Dh p tvs pts q spppt s tss pts s q Cstt s xps.

U Cstt ys spss tvs s p s v-s s q st s ys stts t, ft s s fs t stt, s t bt q t- Dh It ft Dh t. E ft, q t st-t t Dh It s p s v. L s- st v s q

.Est s p, t st, h

Est ft; v t s pt p.It, Cstt q jst stt t

t s v s p q f stt s-

psb st. Es st fz bt Dh It- q t ts, p s , , , t Dh. S tvs ptt sjts s q sp ftt t Dh It t stt tb t t ps y s q s p


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t fz bt Cstt t z Tb Cstt.T t b ts pst p p p pt

z jst stt.

23. A st sf , ts s Cstts, js-t stt t tb pt sp, q v s s s-s tsts Cstt s. Est pt s p p Rpb t, ys stts t s - s xst. Ct s tqs vss, pt jstfs, q s -tt s t Rpb t, st f Est pfs j q z ts s ts psbs s fs stts. Mts s s tz, s ft b s

t. L jst stt t q s, tb, p s st pt vst.As f stt s ys y, sp, s stt-

t, jst stt s pt fz t s vss y. E y s h s-ptb s s j . L f stt sp,q sst hbtt q vs Cstt p y f, sf q ts sts fts p s -sts s q : y sp t s ts ts h p s vt . St ystt, s s q s vt p y sp, p ts v, t vt sf ss tss sttttzs.

T s, s ys tss s pts p Cstt, t ts stt s ys. Est s t pt s sps b y qs j t y, vt h , fz sft pp s s ss p vs Cst-t. S s v q s s pt y,s ps stt t s ps psts Pt p y y , y p tt, pz s, jst stt p ptt p z st . L sp z tps s t Tb Cstt p s, s s , stt pp p p q y v stt-t ss tss jt pts y p ps, t st-

, t y q s s ss p pz s, q .

24. P s tt Est f jst sttq s pt. N s xsv f q pt


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44 Hans Kelsen

Est f s t pt z s q stt Tb Cstt.L s Est f sst s s q s v pb

tfs Est s, p tt st, tp z t Est q sst pt fs tt -stvs jtvs t s s ts ptts p Est s tt s tt (F, Ip, Est), y p -s s y pt s t sbvs Est, pt s tt (Ests-bs, pvs, ts, t.); s pstts s-ts ts Est ss t p s Pts -bs s t p pb sp ptp s y vtt, tb j t. E Est fs, h t , s sp stz.

L t st stz t ts t s- Cstt Est, q t, ppt, sts s ts p s ys ts, y s p s ys s;ss, s ts q t pt jtv F ys q pt sf jtv s Ests-bs. E pt pts s pt f. Est sf, s pt vst t, q stts s Ests fs s p-t stv p ts pps sb t s ys, s s Ests ts, s q fj, s, s ts sptv-t ss s f y s .

T v st vs q stb Cstt s v- y ft Est f. L pt st t stt- s pts t F y s Ests-bs s s-t ptt vt Est f, s fts pt hs pss. E Est f, s q t , s hst s stt bjtv q sv sts hs p-f; s st tb t sts ts p s sts pbs js y sts ts; s, s s Tb Cs-tt; y q t vs pt F p Est-b, s t vs pt s Ests-bs p pt F, s v Cstt f q h F- y s Ests-bs tt.

N s b f st Cstt tt, stb p-ts f s pt s, Cstt pt F, q st sb, y q q s stts s Ests-bs, s

s stt pt, t Est, q s - f Cstt tt Est y F.S s tt ts jss sttvs ts s s

pts, s vs s ss js sttvs s Ests-bs F f psb s p . N


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hy s x q s st t s sft p p fz q s ts sttvs F v pt sEsts-bs, vst, pt, s xst tbsttv sp F y s Ests-bs, q, q s t f sts s s p-t, s s stt, z y f s t-t Tb Cstt.

S p bsv s b, t t ps tss -tst Est f t F y s Ests-bs y s- ptt ft st sv, y p s , bt, q f- f p tvs js s: F y s Ests-bs, q st pt q bs Tb Cstt s pst xtt s

q Est t tz. Y s, s p pftt ps -f Tb Cstt F t ts sttvs v-s, p xsvt t s f s s stt-s pt. S s, tt, q Tb Cstt,q t q jz s ys y s ts F s Ests-bs, f, p s ps pt, ts bjtv sfty s pst, xsv F s Ests--bs; s tv q s b, s , Cstt- Est f, q Tb st s spt.

Es s pjs t Est F pst pp q Dh f pv sb Dh (Reichsrecht bricht Landre-cht) s sp s Est f, s, s p , s js stt p Est f. Es f s-t q s t t Est f st pp, qh p xst pt y j s Ests-bs bvt F, q s pt v sttt, p - ys s , s, p sps ts, s pt,s s, t Cstt Est F, spts s Ests-bs.

E spt v f, q h t xps Cs-tt Est, x q Dh F v spsb Dh , vs, y q tt Dh fs, ss s ps, ss p Cstt Est, q t ss pts sptvs.

U t j F q, x t q fj Cstt, v bt sttt tz s Ests-bs, b t s v j q t Est-b q v pt F. Est pp s q sp s Est f, y p s z j q p Tb Cstt.


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46 Hans Kelsen

L pt t pst q st fst s q Tb Cstt b , f, ts s vs s b-s s s p hs pbs s s Ests-bs s, t-b, F p hh q ss s v Cstt Est j ss fs. L q s f j- f (Bundes-Exekution) y q stty pb t f p ty pt Est f, b psts y s bj f pt-v spsb tv y sttt (Erfolgshaftung) bj f, t-t s pf, spsb v y p s(Schuldhaftung) spsb s j st Tb Cstt q s stb stt -t F Est-b.

25. L s q s s js stt Est f, h st ptt f q xstt jst stt y jst t st pt Dh It, q f s p px s -t j q s tt tz. Y, st js t t h t t s pbs, ts s f t s-t t pz pt Est.

[Traduccin de ROLANDO TAMAYOYSALMORN.Revisin de DOMINGO GARCA BELAUNDE]

la garantia jurisdiccional de la constitución (justicia constitucional) - hans kelsen

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