jose m. baldasano - (millora de la qualitat de l’aire per la limitació de velocitat a 80 km/h en...
TRANSCRIPT
Mejora de la Calidad del Airepor la limitación de velocidad a
80 km/h en lasvías de acceso a Barcelona
Authors:
•José Mª Baldasano•Pedro Jiménez
•Eugeni López
•María Gonçalves
•Albert Soret
2
CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN LA CIUDAD DE BARCELONA (media a nual)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
ug/m
3
0
1
2
3
4
mg/
m3
SO2 (ug/m3)
TSP (ug/m3)
NO2 (ug/m3)
O3 (ug/m3)
PM10 (ug/m3)
CO (mg/m3)
3
Avaluació VLa de NO 2
zona 1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
any
mitj
ana
anua
l (µg
/m³)_
Badalona
Barcelona (Sants)
Barcelona (Ciutadella)
Barcelona (Eixample)
Barcelona (Gràcia-Sant Gervasi)
Barcelona (Poblenou)
Cornellà de Llobregat
Gavà (c/ Progrés)
Gavà (Parc del Mil.lenni)
El Prat de Llobregat
L’Hospitalet de Llobregat
Santa Coloma de Gramenet
Sant Adrià de Besòs
Sant Vicenç dels Horts
ANNUAL MEAN VALUES OF NO2 and PM10
in BARCELONA METROPOLITAN AREA
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
mitj
ana
anua
l (µg/
m³)_
4
Barcelona city, is presently taking measures to improve their air quality
with the horizon of 2010:
1. Introducing blue and green parking toll areas.
2. Increase the pedestrian area.
3. Define areas of low speed circulation < 30 km / h inside of the city.
4. Bicing introduction.
1. General plan with 73 measures for the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (BMA), especially one, 80 km/h speed limit in the main entrance freeways in the city.
BMA measures to improve the air quality
5
● Phase 1:
� From December 2007: preliminary introduction of the circulation speed limit to 80 km/h in the main entrance freeways in the city
� From January 2008: obligatory introduction of the circulation speed limit to 80 km/h in the main entrance freeways in the city
● Phase 2:
� From January 15 2009: introduction of circulation variable speed with maximum to 80 km/h. It is applied first in the roads C-31 and C-32 and later will extend after the summer to the other roads
Time phases introduction of the speed limit 80 km/h circulation
in the main entrance freeways in the Barcelona metropolitan area
Objective
Evaluate the effect of the measure 80 km/h speed limit in the maEvaluate the effect of the measure 80 km/h speed limit in the main in
entrance freeways in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area in the reduentrance freeways in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area in the reduction of ction of
the air emissions and in the improvement of the air qualitythe air emissions and in the improvement of the air quality
6
Main entrance freeways in the Barcelona city affected by 80 km/h speed limitTramo v.
previa
≤80
km/h
Tramo v.
previa a
90 Tramo v.
previa a
100 Tramo v.
previa a
120
Vía Tramo pk km/h previa km km min km min km min km min
C-31 Gran Vía - Castelldefels 196 - 180 100 16 19.83% 16 2.40
C-32 Nudo Llobr. - Castelldefels 55.5 - 44 120 11.5 14.25% 11.5 2.88
B-20 Cornellà - Sant Boi (80 km/h) 3.5 - 0 80 3.5 4.34% 3.5 0.00
C-32 Nudo Llobregat - Enllaç B-23 59 - 63 100 4 4.96% 4 0.60
B-23/AP-2 Diagonal - Molins de Rei 0.5 - 12 100 11.5 14.25% 11.5 1.73
A-2 Nudo Llobregat - enlace B-23 611.5 - 606 100 5.5 6.82% 5.5 0.83
A-2 enlace B_23 - Sant Vicenç dels Horts 606 - 601 120 5 6.20% 5 1.25
B-10 (ant N II) Nudo Llobregat - Morrot 611.5 - 618 100 6.5 8.05% 6.5 0.98
C-16 Ronda de Dalt - Túnel Vallvidrera 1.8 - 6 90 4.2 5.20% 4.2 0.35
C-58 Nudo Trinitat - Montcada i Reixac (80 km/h) 0 - 1.5 80 1.5 1.86% 1.5 0.00
C-17 Nudo Trinitat - Montcada i Reixac (50-60km/) 0 - 1.5 50-60 1.5 1.86% 1.5 -0.51
B-20 (norte) Nudo Trinitat - Badalona 17 - 22 100 5 6.20% 5 0.75
C-31 Rondas - Badalona 209 - 214 90-100 5 6.20% 2.5 0.21 2.5 0.38
Fuente: Servei Català de Trànsit km totales 80.7 6.5 8.1% 6.7 8.3% 51.0 63.2% 16.5 20.4%
Tramo v.
previa
≤80
km/h
Tramo v.
previa a
90 Tramo v.
previa a
100 Tramo v.
previa a
120
km/h previa km km min km min km min km min
Zona Velocitat Variable 80-120 35 43.37% 3.5 0 0 0 20 3.0 11.5 2.9
Zona Eix Llobregat 100 (5,120) 28.5 35.32% 0 0 0 0 23.5 3.5 5 1.3
Zona Tunel Vallvidriera 90 4.2 5.20% 0 0 4.2 0.35 0 0 0 0
Zona Nord 100 (2.5,90) 13 16.11% 3 -0.51 2.5 0.21 7.5 1.1 0 0
Zona 80 km/h 80.7 6.5 -0.51 6.7 0.56 51 7.65 16.5 4.1
7
8
Methodology:
Observations Observations (traffic +
air quality)
+
ModellingModelling(meteo + emissions
+ air quality)
9
Traffic data from CIVICAT: 125 measures stations with hourly data
10
Punt aforament: C-31 a la entrada de Barcelona
Evolució de la setmana del 3-7 de Març del 2008
The effect of the speed regulation can be
observe analyzing concrete days; the measure
allows to avoid punctual congestions
11
Two types of effects
The speed limitation helps also to decrease the congestion
12
Promig estacions on s'aplica la mesura
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
M es
2007
2008
Changes in traffic intensity
Totes les estacions on s'aplica la mesura IMD VelMes IMD 2008 Vel 2008 IMD 2007 Vel 2007 2008/2007
1 48197 79 46841 93 2.90% -15.48%2 50241 79 48828 92 2.89% -14.92%3 47200 79 49043 91 -3.76% -13.26%4 51272 78 47415 94 8.14% -16.78%5 48748 78 52123 91 -6.48% -14.23%6 45782 75 48108 88 -4.83% -15.26%7 48809 75 49412 87 -1.22% -14.42%8 40598 80 41103 95 -1.23% -15.53%9 46494 78 50021 92 -7.05% -15.22%
10 48107 78 49939 92 -3.67% -14.46%11 46048 79 49425 92 -6.83% -13.80%
47409 78 48387 92 -1.92% -14.85%2008 2007
Ene-Agost 47606 47859 -0.45%Set-Nov 46883 49795 -5.85%
∆IMD 1-8 ∆IMD-9-11B-20 -1.95% -5.79%B-10 -0.36% -0.64%AP-7 -1.84% -9.19%
A-2 -0.63% -5.85%C-58 -0.40% -1.06%C-33 -1.83% -3.66%C-32 -1.92% -8.96%
C-31 Sud 4.44% -2.22%C-31 Nord -4.95% -7.84%
C-17 -13.16% -2.25%B-30 -0.07% -0.88%
B-23_AP-2 -4.16% -7.81%Todas estaciones -1.58% -5.33%
Estaciones aplicación -0.45% -5.85%
13
Totes les estacions on s'aplica la mesura dels 80km/h 2009/2007 2008/2007Mes IMD 2009 Vel 2009 IMD 2008 Vel 2008 IMD 2007 Vel 2007 IMD VEL IMD VEL
1 42010 77 48197 79 46841 93 -10.3% -17.4% 2.9% -15.5%2 49818 79 50241 79 48828 92 2.0% -14.1% 2.9% -14.9%3 48728 78 47200 79 49043 91 -0.6% -14.1% -3.8% -13.3%4 46507 78 51272 78 47415 94 -1.9% -16.7% 8.1% -16.8%5 50424 78 48748 78 52123 91 -3.3% -14.9% -6.5% -14.2%6 47113 73 45782 75 48108 88 -2.1% -17.5% -4.8% -15.3%7 49367 73 48809 75 49412 87 -0.1% -16.6% -1.2% -14.4%8 40875 79 40598 80 41103 95 -0.6% -16.7% -1.2% -15.5%9 46483 78 46494 78 50021 92 -7.1% -15.3% -7.1% -15.2%
10 47749 78 48107 78 49939 92 -4.4% -14.7% -3.7% -14.5%11 46352 78 46048 79 49425 92 -6.2% -14.7% -6.8% -13.8%
Promig 46857 77 47409 78 48387 92 -3.1% -15.7% -1.9% -14.9%
Changes in traffic intensity
14
Database information management
Biogenic emissions • Land use map • Emission factors and biomass
• Meteorological information (air temperature, solar radiation)
On road, ships and aircrafts traffic
• Roads (urban streets, roads, etc.), LTO cycles and ships routes • Hourly, weekly and monthly profiles • Distribution of the vehicles • Velocity by road type • Meteorological information (air temperature) • Type of combustibles
Industry and electric generation
• Location (point/area) • Production / electric generation • Emission factors – energetic intensity • Chimney height / diameter
Residential and commercial
• Density population map • Combustibles consume • Emission factors • Solvent use • Waste generation
Emission computation and speciation
Speciation
BVOCs NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O
NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O
NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2, particulate matter, CO2, CH4 and N2O
Management of emission data for air quality modelling
• Hourly aggregation of archives (4x4 km, 1x1 km grid size) • Height desaggregation (vertical layers) • Database resolution (1 - 4 km grid size) • Generation of netCDF emission files
Management of the emission information
• Visualization and analysis of the results • Management information tool
HERMES 2004: High-Elective Resolution Modelling Emission System: 1 km2 – 1 h(Baldasano et al 2008)
15
Trafico map 2004 Ministerio Fomento
Streets, Roads, Highway
• IMD.
• Composition of vehicles categories
• Circulation speed (VMC).
• Hourly, weekly and monthly cycles Mensuales.
Basic information:
MetodologyModel: Ntziachristos and Samaras
(2000)/EEA (2001) y CEPMEIP (2003)
Information: • More than 2.700 points with data of IMD and VMC of the main roads (urban and intercity) of Barcelona.
• 12 cycles schedules for working and holidays days.
• Composition of the vehicles categories of Barcelona, discriminated against five areas
Direcció de Serveis de Mobilitat Ajuntament de Barcelona
• “Araña de Tráfico” Barcelona 2004.
Traffic emission module: HERMES 2004 (1/2)
16
Traffic emission module: HERMES 2004 (2/2)
• 72 vehicles categories (EEA (Environmental European Agency) según Ntziachristosand Samaras, 2000 ))
• Emission factors: function of the circulation speed, of the antiquity, vehicle type and of the fuel used (CORINAIR)
• Vehicles categories for Spain, specific for Barcelona, Madrid, and others cities
• Barcelona and Madrid: specific data for circulation areas
�The emissions are calculated for each cell of 1 km2 taking the tracts
understood inside the cell and considering the vehicles categories and the
emission factor for each one of the established categories.
�Taking in account hourly speed and traffic intensity in BMA
17
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
EMICAT2000-CAT HERMES2004-CAT CIVICAT2008-Z1
Evolución de la dimensión de los datos de velocidad
Nº
Pun
tos
de in
form
ació
n co
n ve
loci
dad
Evolution of the nº of speed data with the time
-HERMES2004 (EMICAT2004): 13857 km en Cataluña. Datos TeleAtlas con Vm fija. 133700 tramos
-HERMES2004: 118087 km en toda España. Datos TeleAtlas con Vm fija. 828740 tramos (incluidos islas)
-Estudio 80 km/h:Considerando el dominio 148x148km: 8202 km TeleAtlas de los cuales hay 333 km con datos CIVICAT horariosConsiderando el dominio Zona-1: 28x31=896 km2, 1731 km TeleAtlas de los cuales hay 297 km con datos CIVICAT horarios
CATALUÑA: km VelocidadesEMICAT2000-CAT 6224 16HERMES2004-CAT 13857 133700CIVICAT2008-Z1 1731 2628000
18
WEB page
19
Model assessment
20
� the absolute difference: 2008-2007 � OK, any problem
� what is the calculation base should it be used? � the percents will be different ¡¡¡
Methodological issue
� 1. Calculation domain ?
� 2. Zone 80 km/h ?
� 3. Freeway 80 km/h ?
21
Emission changes: NOx reduction
Zone 80 km/h: 4.5%4.5% Freeway 80 km/h: 11%11%
22
Emission changes: NOx reduction
Zone 80 km/h
23
Emission changes: PM10 reduction
Zone 80 km/h: 3.8%3.8% Freeway 80 km/h: 11%11%
Reducción relativa de las emisiones de PM10 en 2008 respecto 2007
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
01/0
1/20
0815
/01/
2008
29/0
1/20
0812
/02/
2008
26/0
2/20
0811
/03/
2008
25/0
3/20
0808
/04/
2008
22/0
4/20
0806
/05/
2008
20/0
5/20
0803
/06/
2008
17/0
6/20
0801
/07/
2008
15/0
7/20
0829
/07/
2008
12/0
8/20
0826
/08/
2008
09/0
9/20
0823
/09/
2008
07/1
0/20
0821
/10/
2008
04/1
1/20
0818
/11/
2008
Días
%
PM10
24
Emission changes: PM10 reduction
Zone 80 km/h
25
Reduction of fuel consumption:
Zone 80 km/h: 3.8%3.8% Freeway 80 km/h: 10.4%10.4%
26
Reduction of fuel consumption:
Zone 80 km/h
27
Analysis of the day-night emissions
Variació de les emisions de PM10 2008-07 percentual - A les vies afectades per la mesura
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
211
221
231
241
251
261
271
281
291
301
311
321
331
Dia
%
Variació PM10 % diürn
Variació PM10 % nocturn
Variació de les emisions de PM10 2008-07 - A les vies afectades per la mesura
-0.008
-0.007
-0.006
-0.005
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
211
221
231
241
251
261
271
281
291
301
311
321
331
Dia
Mg
PM
10
/h
Variació PM10 diürn
Variació PM10 nocturn
Variació de les emisions de NOx 2008-07 percentual - A les vies afectades per la mesura
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
211
221
231
241
251
261
271
281
291
301
311
321
331
Dia
%
Variació NOx % diürn
Variació NOx % nocturn
Variació de les emisions de NOx 2008-07 - A les vies afectades per la mesura
-0.10
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
211
221
231
241
251
261
271
281
291
301
311
321
331
Dia
Mg
NO
x/h
Variació NOx diürn
Variació NOx nocturn
28
29
30
Air quality simulations
31
-0.1
-0.3
∆
15.7
32.7
2008
-0.515.8PM10(µg/m3)
-0.933.0NO2(µg/m3)
∆ %2007Intrarondes
-0.5
-1.7
∆
15.6
28.7
2008
-3.216.2PM10(µg/m3)
-6.130.4NO2(µg/m3)
∆ %2007AP-2
-0.3
-1.2
∆
11.7
20.9
2008
-2.412.0PM10(µg/m3)
-5.722.0NO2(µg/m3)
∆ %2007C-31
-0.4
-1.4
∆
16.7
35.5
2008
-2.317.1PM10(µg/m3)
-4.236.9NO2(µg/m3)
∆ %2007A-2_C-32
-0.2
-0.9
∆
10.9
17.4
2008
-1.711.1PM10(µg/m3)
-5.118.4NO2(µg/m3)
∆ %2007C-32
32
BCN SantsNO2/2007: 45µg/m3 2008:46µg/m3
BCN CiutadellaNO2/2007: 46µg/m3 2008:42µg/m3
BCN PoblenouNO2/2007: 42µg/m3 2008:47µg/m3
Sant Adrià del BesosNO2/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:42µg/m3
BadalonaNO2/2007: 39µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3
Santa Coloma de GramanetNO2/2007: 51µg/m3 2008:41µg/m3
BCN Gràcia-Sant GervasiNO2/2007: 64µg/m3 2008:62µg/m3
BCN EixampleNO2/2007: 65µg/m3 2008:66µg/m3
L’Hospitalet del LlobregatNO2/2007: 41µg/m3 2008:41µg/m3
CornellàNO2/2007: 50µg/m3 2008:54µg/m3
El Prat del LlobregatNO2/2007: 61µg/m3 2008:52µg/m3
C-31 Est mòbilNO2/2008:32µg/m3
Sant Vicenç dels HortsNO2/2007: 40µg/m3 2008:35µg/m3
Gavà Parc del Mil·leniNO2/2007: 20µg/m3 2008:18µg/m3
BCN Parc Vall d’HebronNO2/ 2008:36µg/m3
AIR QUALITY MEASURES NO2 : 2007 i 2008 from January to November
Source: Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA)
32Estación movil C-31-3.59%-13739Badalona
-19.58%-104151Santa Coloma de Gramenet -
Balldovina
-12.62%-53540Sant Vicenç dels Horts-0.65%04243Sant Adrià de Besòs0.28%04141L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
-11.38%-21820Gava (Parc del Mil.leni)-15.46%-95261El Prat de Llobregat7.24%45450Cornellà de Llobregat
36Barcelona (Parc Vall d'Hebrón)0.96%04645Barcelona Sants
12.95%54742Barcelona (Poblenou)-1.92%-16264Barcelona Gracia0.88%16665Barcelona Eixample-9.18%-44246Barcelona (Ciutadella)∆ %
∆ 2008-200720082007NO2(µg/m3)
Sant Andreu de la BarcaPM10/2007: 49µg/m3 2008:44µg/m3
Sant Vicenç dels HortsPM10/2007: 47µg/m3 2008:44µg/m3
Molins de ReiPM10/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:41µg/m3
Sant Vicenç dels Horts (automàtica)PM10/2007: 59µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3
Sant Feliu del LlobregatPM10/2007: 48µg/m3 2008:46µg/m3
El Prat del LlobregatPM10/2007: 88µg/m3 2008:63µg/m3
C-31 Est MòbilPST 2008:39µg/m3
Santa Coloma de GramanetPM10/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3
BCN Port VellPM10/2007: 38µg/m3 2008:38µg/m3
Sant Adrià del BesosPM10/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:39µg/m3
BCN Parc Vall d’HebronPM10/2008:36µg/m3
BCN IES GOYAPM10/2008:32µg/m3
BCN Poblenou (manual)PM10/2007: 54µg/m3 2008:45µg/m3
BCN Poblenou (automàtica)PM10/2007: 34µg/m3 2008:29µg/m3
Esplugues del LlobregatPM10/2007: 32µg/m3 2008:29µg/m3
BCN Plaça UniversitatPM10/2007: 43µg/m3 2008:45µg/m3
BCN Gràcia Sant GervasiPM10/2007: 44µg/m3 2008:40µg/m3
BCN Zona UniversitariaPM10/2007: 29µg/m3 2008:34µg/m3
BCN Gràcia Sant Gervasi (automàtica)PM10/2007: 39µg/m3 2008:36µg/m3
BCN Lluis Solé i SabarisPM10/07: 36µg/m3 08:48µg/m3
BCN SantsPM10/2007: 54µg/m3 2008:46µg/m3
BCN Sants (automàtica)PM10/2007: 53µg/m3 2008:52µg/m3
BCN EixamplePM10/2007: 49µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3
BCN Eixample (automàtica)PM10/2007: 39µg/m3 2008:35µg/m3
L’Hospitalet del LlobregatPM10/2007: 38µg/m3 2008:37µg/m3
AIR QUALITY MEASURES PM10 : 2007 i 2008 from January to NovemberSource: Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA)
-13%-53743Santa Coloma De Gramenet-6%-34447Sant Vicenç Dels Horts-4%-24648Sant Feliu De Llobregat
-11%-54449Sant Andreu De La Barca-9%-43943Sant Adrià De Besòs
-28%-246388Prat De Llobregat-4%-24143Molins De Rei-4%-13738Hospitalet De Llobregat
-11%-42932Esplugues De Llobregat33%124836BCN-Luis Solé i Sabaris
36BCN-Vall d'Hebron32BCN-IES Fco. Goya
-2%-13838BCN-Port Vell17%53429BCN-Z. Universitaria-9%-44044BCN-Gracia/S. Gervasi
-24%-113749BCN-Eixample-16%-94654BCN-Sants6%34543BCN-Pl. Universitat
-16%-94554BCN-Poblenou39Estación movil C-31
-36%-213759Sant V. dels Horts/aut.-1%05253BCN-Sants/aut.
-16%-52934BCN-Poblenou/aut.-8%-33639BCN-Gracia/aut.
-10%-43539BCN-Eixample/aut.∆ %
∆ 2008-200720082007
PM10µg/m3
34
35
Santa Coloma de Gramanet-ValldovinaNO2(µg/m3) 2007:51 2008:41 2009:43
BCN SantsNO2(µg/m3) 2007:45 2008:46 2009:41
BCN CiutadellaNO2(µg/m3) 2007:40 2008:35 2009:45
BCN PoblenouNO2(µg/m3) 2007:42 2008:47 2009:50
Sant Adrià del BesosNO2(µg/m3) 2007:40 2008:35 2009:49
BadalonaNO2(µg/m3) 2007:39 2008:37 2009:45
BCN Gràcia-Sant GervasiNO2(µg/m3) 2007:64 2008:62 2009:63
BCN EixampleNO2(µg/m3) 2007:65 2008:66 2009:62
L’Hospitalet del LlobregatNO2(µg/m3) 2007:41 2008:41 2009:43
Cornellà de LlobregatNO2(µg/m3) 2007:50 2008:54 2009:42
C-31 Est mòbilNO2 (µg/m3) 2008:32
Sant Vicenç dels HortsNO2(µg/m3) 2007:40 2008:35 2009:38
Gavà Parc del Mil·leniNO2(µg/m3) 2007:20 2008:18
BCN Parc Vall d’HebronNO2(µg/m3) 2008:36 2009:40
El Prat del LlobregatNO2(µg/m3) 2007:61 2008:52
Air quality
Roads affected by the measure
Roads not affected
DAT road
NO2: 2007, 2008, 2009.Source: Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA)
36
Air quality
Roads affected by the measure
Roads not affected
DAT road
Sant Andreu de la BarcaPM10 (µg/m3) 2007: 49 2008:44
Sant Vicenç dels HortsPM10(µg/m3) 2007:47 2008:44 2009:40
Molins de ReiPM10(µg/m3) 2007:43 2008:41 2009:33
Sant Vicenç dels Horts (automàtica)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:59 2008:37
Sant Feliu del LlobregatPM10(µg/m3) 2007:48 2008:46 2009:35
El Prat del LlobregatPM10(µg/m3) 2007:88 2008:63 2009:43
C-31 Est MòbilPST (µg/m3) 2008:39
Santa Coloma de GramanetPM10(µg/m3) 2007:43 2008:37 2009:33
BCN Port VellPM10(µg/m3) 2007:38 2008:38 2009:34
Sant Adrià del BesosPM10(µg/m3) 2007:43 2008:39 2009:39BCN Parc Vall d’Hebron
PM10(µg/m3) 2008:36 2009:35BCN IES GOYAPM10(µg/m3) 2008:32
BCN Poblenou (manual)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:54 2008:45 2009:46
BCN Poblenou (automàtica)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:34 2008:29
Esplugues del LlobregatPM10(µg/m3) 2007:32 2008:29 2009:32
BCN Plaça UniversitatPM10(µg/m3) 2007:43 2008:45 2009:40
BCN Gràcia Sant GervasiPM10(µg/m3) 2007:44 2008:40 2009:40
BCN Zona UniversitariaPM10(µg/m3) 2007:29 2008:34 2009:34
BCN Gràcia Sant Gervasi (automàtica )PM10(µg/m3) 2007:39 2008:36
Lluis Solé i SabarisPM10 2007:36 2008:48 2009:34
BCN SantsPM10(µg/m3) 2007:54 2008:46 2009:49
BCN EixamplePM10(µg/m3) 2007:49 2008:37 2009:41
BCN Eixample (automàtica)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:39 2008:35L’Hospitalet del Llobregat
PM10(µg/m3) 2007:38 2008:37 2009:34
Dades d´inmissió de PM10 de les estaciones manuals
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pobl e
nou
plaça
Univ
ersit
at
Sants
Eixam
ple
Gracia
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t Ger
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Uni
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Port V
ell
IES F
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de
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a
Parc d
e la
Vall
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ebro
n
c/ L
uis
Solé
i Sab
aris
Esplu
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de
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egat
Hospi
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gat
Mol
ins d
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i
Prat d
e L lo
breg
a t
Sant A
drià
del
Bes
os
Sant A
ndre
u de
la b
arca
Sant F
eliu
de Llo
brega
t
Sant V
içens
del
horts
Santa
Colo
ma
de g
ram
anet
µg/m
3
PM10-2007PM10-2008PM10-2009Valor límite
BCN Sants (automàtica)PM10(µg/m3) 2007:53 2008:52
PM10: 2007, 2008, 2009.Source: Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA)
37
Affected population
Population near to the circulation roads: 1.35 million hab.
Population potentially beneficiary: 3.29 million hab.
38
Methodology:
Elements that define the evaluation of this measure type
1. The traffic intensity of the roads (s) where the measure is applied
2. Longitude of the roads (km.) affected by the measure
3. Composition of the vehicular park
4. Reduction of the speed limit (120 km/h � 80 km/h; 100 km/h � 80
km/h)
5. Reduction of the current congestion
6. Methodology used in the evaluation (modeling, measuring, etc.)
7. Superficial area of reference (roads, areas, etc.)
8. …
39
Results: EMISSIONS (1/2)
● The reduction of the emissions is:
� 4.2% - Oxides of Nitrogen - and 3.6% - PM10 - as a value average in the zone 1
� 10.2% - Oxides of Nitrogen - and 10.2% - PM10 - in the roads of speed limit 80 km/h,
taking in account the effect of the decrease of the nº vehicles from sept-2008
● This reduction of emissions is located essentially in the circulation roads, is due:
1) reduction of the speed limit (mainly)
2) reduction of the congestion
● The traffic intensity of the years 2007 and 2008 have been equivalent during the first eight
months, from the month of September-2008 a reduction of 5.9% takes place in the number
of vehicles
40
Results: EMISSIONS (2/2)
● The reduction of fuel consumption and emission of CO2 is 3.5% in the zone 1
and 9.5% in the roads with speed limit 80 km/h, taking in account the effect of
the decrease of the nº vehicles from sept-2008
● The night emissions represent 13 % of the emissions (between 23.00-5.00)
● The reduction of the emissions of NOx is due in 58.5% to the gasoline cars,
18.9% to diesel vehicles (< 3.5t) and in 15.9% to the diesel tourisms
● The reduction of the emissions of PM10 is due in 56% to the diesel cars, and
41.8% to the diesel vehicles (< 3.5t)
41
Results: AIR QUALITY
● Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) : the measure is effective in the domains C31, AP2 and A2-C32,
where the reductions in the levels of these pollutants are between 5-7%
● PM10: the improvement in the air quality is around 2-4%, with values in certain days
above 8-10%.
● This improvement of the air quality is located essentially near of the circulation roads,
and it affects a population of 1.3 million inhabitants
● Regarding the downtown of Barcelona city, the results are very limited, with reductions
about 1% for the NOx, and less for the rest of the pollutants
● The measures from the a.q. stations (XVPCA) confirm totally the modeling results
obtained, discriminating between the stations located near to the circulation roads and
those that are located in the downtown of the Barcelona city, showing the spatial reach
effect of the measure clearly
42
General conclusion: speed limit reduction to 80 km/h
● It improves the air quality
● Reduction the emissions of primary air pollutants
● Reduction the CO2 emission
● Reduction the fuels consumption
● Reduction the noise (about 3 dB)
● Improve the circulation conditions
● Improve the security conditions of traffic circulation
● Decrease the number of accidents
In consequence: � The assessment of this measure is completely positive
But, one between 73, necessary but not enough
43
Thanks for
your attention