ingles bÁsico

ONETWO

VENEZUELA, 2003

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE COOPERACIÓN EDUCATIVA

NIVEL: FORMACIÓN BASICA

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE COOPERACIÓN EDUCATIVAINCE DISTRITO FEDERAL A.C.GERENCIA DE FORMACIÓN PROFESIONALUNIDAD DE APOYO TECNICO

TWOONE

NIVEL : FORMACIÓN BÁSICA MODO: FORMACIÓN

Caracas, julio 2003

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO

Créditos

Especialista en Contenido:

Elaborado por:

Instructores de Formación:

Prof. Javier Quiroz

Prof. Niria Bolwine

Prof. Junior León

Prof. Joyce Gutiérrez

Prof. Pastora Sivira

Prof. Maristania Mora

Centro Poliv. Nva Granada




C.F.C Dr. Luis. B.Prieto F.

C.F.C Dr. Luis. B.Prieto F.

Validadores:Prof. Juan Luces C.F.C. Del Norte

Prof. Marlene Infante C.F.C. Dr. Luis. B.Prieto F.

Colaboradores: Inst. Gaudys Jiménez

Diagramación Laura Díaz

Coordinación General

Gerencia General de Formación Profesional

Gerencia de Tecnología Educativa

División de Recursos para el Aprendizaje (Sede)

1da . Edición 2003

Copyright INCE 2003

CONTENIDO

Introducción

Unidad 1: Socializándose ( Saludos, Presentaciones y Despedidas)

Unidad 2: Elementos Básicos de la Oración ( Verbo to Be en Presente)

Unidad 3: Elementos Básicos de la Oración ( Verbo Auxiliar to Do en Presente

Simple)

Unidad 4: Describir Personas, Animales, Lugares y Cosas

Unidad 5: Estructuras Gramaticales Relacionadas con el Tiempo Pasado y Futuro

Unidad 6: Estructuras Gramaticales que Expresan Posesión o Pertenencia

Unidad 7: Direcciones y Ubicaciones

Unidad 8: Acciones que Están o Estuvieron Realizando en Tiempo Progresivo ( to

Be+ ing)

Unidad 9: Estructuras de Existencia y Cantidad

Unidad 10: Hechos y Acciones que Realizaron ( Verbo Auxiliar DID)

05

07

19

29

37

49

59

65

77

85

INTRODUCCIÓN

Las tendencias actuales en esta era moderna globalizada, y el avance

tecnológico, científico y cultural atienden a la necesidad de aprender el idioma

inglés como medio comunicacional internacional, considerando que la

información que se maneja en la actualidad se expresa en este idioma. De esta

manera el desempeño laboral y el desarrollo será más acordes y eficientes de

acuerdo con las exigencias hoy en día.

La presente Guía de estudio responde íntegramente a las orientaciones

dadas en el Programa: Inglés Básico. Se orienta a desarrollar las cuatro

habilidades del lenguaje (comprensión oral, comprensión escrita, expresión oral

y expresión escrita) dentro de los requerimientos exigidos.

Esta Guía de Estudio tiene como propósito fundamental, proporcionar una

serie de conocimientos básicos en el área, a personas que requieren el empleo

de este idioma en el ámbito profesional o personal.

SOCIALIZANDOSE ( SALUDOS, PRESENTACIONES Y DESPEDIDAS

HOW TO GREET AND INTRODUCE PEOPLE / HOW TO SAY GOODBYE

POSSIBLE ANSWERS (GREETING BACK)

I´m fine, thanks!

I´m O.K

Very well

Not too bad

Pretty good

So-so

Not so good

INTRODUCING ONESELF AND OTHERS

Hello!, I´m ……./My name is………

Nice to meet you/Glad to meet you

This is my friend Luis./ He is Luis

He /She is Mr.- Miss…..

UNIDAD Nº 1UNIDAD Nº 1 SOCIALIZÁNDOSE (SALUDOS, PRESENTACIONES Y DESPEDIDAS)SOCIALIZÁNDOSE (SALUDOS, PRESENTACIONES Y DESPEDIDAS)

OBJETIVO TERMINALOBJETIVO TERMINAL:

EXPRESAR EN FORMA VERBAL Y ESCRITA, SALUDOS,EXPRESAR EN FORMA VERBAL Y ESCRITA, SALUDOS, PRESENTACIONES Y DESPEDIDAS EN EL IDIOMA INGLÉS ENPRESENTACIONES Y DESPEDIDAS EN EL IDIOMA INGLÉS EN

SITUACIONES DE LA VIDA DIARIA.SITUACIONES DE LA VIDA DIARIA.

Good afternoon! Good evening!Good night!How do you do?How do you feel?

Hello!Hi! How are you? How are you getting along? How´s everything! What´s up, buddy?

5


SAYING GOOD BYE

Good bye! Bye-bye!

So long See you soon

Hope to see you again See you later / tomorrow / next week, etc,,,

Have a nice day / week-end / time / trip

GRAMMAR NOTE: Personal Pronouns and Verb TO BE – (simple present)

I am

You are

He / She / It is

We / You / They are

EXERCISES:

A. COMPLETE THIS DIALOGUE.

Tom : Hi!, How ______ you today ?

Mary: ________! I´m _________ thanks. He is Peter.

Tom: How ______you do? Peter.

Peter: Glad to _________you Tom.

Tom: ________to meet you, too.

Mary: Let´s go. See you_____________.Tom: So ____________.Peter: _______ bye.

B. PRACTICE THESE GREETINGS SITUATIONS.

1) You meet your best friend in the street at 3:00 p.m.

2) You meet your English teacher at the Airport.

C. WORD ORDER -PUT THESE SENTENCES IN THE CORRECT ORDER 1) To/ nice / you / meet________________________________________

2) Have / day / a / good _______________________________________

3) Getting / how / you / along / are /? ______________________________6


4) Well / I / am / very __________________________________________

D. LISTEN TO THIS CONVERSATION AND PRACTICE..THE TEACHER NEEDS TO PLAY A TAPE WITH A CONVERSATION ADAPTED TO THE GRAMMAR PART SEEN IN THIS UNIT.

7

UNIDAD Nº 2UNIDAD Nº 2ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN ( VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTEELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN ( VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE SIMPLE)SIMPLE)


CONSTRUIR ORACIONES SIMPLES EN INGLÉS, EN FORMA ORAL YCONSTRUIR ORACIONES SIMPLES EN INGLÉS, EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA, CON CADA UNO DE SUS ELEMENTOS, UTILIZANDO ELESCRITA, CON CADA UNO DE SUS ELEMENTOS, UTILIZANDO EL

VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE SIMPLEVERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE SIMPLE

ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN

THE ALPHABET:

A (ei) B (bi) C (si) D (di) E (ii) F (ef) G (yi) H (eich) I (ai) J (yei) K (kei) L (el) M (em) N (en) O (ou) P (pi) Q (kiu) R (ar) S (es) T (ti) U (iu) V (vi) W (dabliú) X (eks) Y (uai) Z (zi)

EXERCISES:

I. Spell your own name and some of your friends’ names.

II. Spell some of the objects in the classroom.

GRAMMAR NOTE:

Subject + verb to be + complement. (present tense)

I

He

She

It

We

You

They

am

is

is

is

are

are

are

an English teacher.

at the University.

At the beach.

a dog.

With you.

a good dancer.

Good neighbors.

9


- AFFIRMATIVE FORM

- He is the History teacher.

- We are in the kitchen.

- I am at the garden.

2.- INTERROGATIVE FORM

- Is he the History teacher?

- Are we in the kitchen?

- Am I in the garden?

3.- NEGATIVE FORM.

- He is not the History teacher.

- We are not in the kitchen.

- I am not in the garden.

4.- CONTRACTIONS (AFFIRMATIVE).

- He’s the History teacher.

- We’re in the kitchen.

- I’m in the garden.

5.- CONTRACTIONS (NEGATIVE).

- He isn’t the History teacher.

- We aren’t in the kitchen.

- I’m not in the garden.

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EXERCISES:

A.- INSERT AM, IS OR ARE IN THESE SENTENCES.

1) I ________ Peter and this ________ Janet.

2) _________ you Kate?

No, I _______ not. I _______ Elaine.

3) _________ that the new teacher?

Yes, her name _______ Carol.

4) ______ you the secretary?

Yes, I ________.

5) ________ your name Joyce Smith?

Yes, it __________.

6) No, it _______. It _______ Sandra.

7) ________ Susan at home?

Yes she ________. She _______ at home.

8) _______ Peter the new pupil?

Yes, he _________.

B.- CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO INTERROGATIVE AND

NEGATIVE FORM.

Example: Mr. Rojas is the principal of the school.

Is Mr. Rojas the principal of the school?

Mr. Rojas is not the principal of the school.

a) Mary is my friend.

__________________________________________________11


__________________________________________________

b) Carlos is Mary’s classmate.

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

c) Mrs. Clark is the English teacher.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

d) I am at home now.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

e) The students are in the classroom.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

GRAMMAR NOTE: Possessive Adjectives.

My IYour YouHis HeHer SheIts ItOur WeYour YouTheir They

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Examples:

a) I am an English teacher.

My name’s Claudia.

b) He is a good baseball player.

His name’s Galarraga.

c) We live in a beautiful house.

Our house is beautiful.

EXERCISES:

A) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES:

MY, YOUR, HIS OR HER.

1.- Hello, he’s the Biology teacher. ________ name is Robert Brown.

2.- Hello, I’m your classmate. _________ name is Sara.

3.- Miss Carlota is a secretary. ________ name is Edith.

4.- Hello, are you a new teacher? What’s ________ name?.

5.- This is Mr. Rojas, the principal. ________ name is Mario.

6.- Do you know Robert’s mother? What’s _______ name?

GRAMMAR NOTE:

Indefinite Articles: use a + singular noun before a consonant sound.

use an + singular noun before a vowel sound.

He is a carpenter He is an architect.

He is a good carpenter He is an expensive architect.

Do not use a or an + plural nouns:13


They are carpenters. They are expensive carpenters.

EXERCISES:

a.- Classroom objects:

1) This is _____ book.

2) This is _____ eraser.

3) This is ______ English book.

4) This is ______ dictionary.

5) This is ______ notebook.

Definite Article.

The + singular noun. (NO GENDER)

The + plural. (NO GENDER)

The book / The books.

The teacher ( a woman or a man ).

The teachers ( women or men ).

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE IS USED BEFORE SEAS, RIVERS, HOTELS,

MUSEUMS ,ETC. IF there is only one: the sun, the Queen.

Prepositions: in / on / at ( of place ).

A.- InWhere’s the eraser? In the school bag.

Where’s the teacher? In class.

Where are the students? In the classroom.

B.- On

Where’s my watch? On the chair.

Where are the pictures? On the wall.14


Where are their keys? On the floor.

C.- At

Where’s Marcos? At the door.

Where’s the car? At the traffic lights.

Where’s your teacher? At her desk.

Demonstrative Pronouns: This / It ( Singular) These / They ( Plural ).

That / Those

Note: This/These: you use them when the object(s) is/are near. That/Those: you use them when the object(s) is/are far.

Plural nouns: Most words ending in ss, sh, ch, x.

Most words Words Ending

in -ss

Words Ending in

f / fe

Word Ending In

consonant + yCap – caps

shoe - shoes

Glass - glasses

watch - watches

knife - knives

wolf - wolves

country - countries

This is a camera.

These are cameras.

What’s this? This is a knife / It is a knife.

What are these? These are knives / They are knives.

15


EXERCISES:

A.- OBJECTS.

1) FIND THE THINGS IN THE PICTURE. WRITE WORDS.

1.- calculator.

2.- _____________________

3.- _____________________

4.- _____________________

5.- _____________________

2) WRITE SENTENCES ABOUT THE THINGS IN PART A,,,.

1.- This is a calculator. 2.- ___________________

3.- ___________________

4.- ___________________

5.- ___________________

16


B.- COMPLETE THIS CONVERSATION. USE WORDS IN THE BOX.

a are it’s these you an is this they you’re

Megan: Wow! What’s this?

Louis: It’s a pager.

Megan : Oh, cool. Thank _________, Louis.

Louis: _____________ welcome. Now open ________ box.

Megan: OK. What ________ this?

Louis: It’s _________ watch.

Megan: Oh, thank you, Louis. And What are ______________?

Louis: __________ are sunglasses.

Megan: Thanks! They ___________ great!

Louis: Open this too!

Megan: Oh, it’s __________ umbrella.

3.- COMPLETE THESE CONVERSATIONS. USE SHORT ANSWERS FROM THE LIST.

Yes, I am Yes, it is Yes, they are

No, I’m not No, it’s not No, they’re not

17


1) A: Excuse me. Is this the math class?

B: Yes, it is. And I’m your teacher.

2) A: Is my purse on the chair?

B: ______________. It’s under the table.

3) A: Are these your glasses?

B: ______________. Thank you.

4) A: Hi. Are you in my Math class?

B: ______________. And I’m in your English class too!

5) A: Are these your keys?

B: _______________. My keys are in my pocket.

6) A: Excuse me: Are you Tomiko Soto?

B: _____________. My name is Michiko Tahaka.

4.- Put the article the if necessary. a) What is name of this street?

b) Our apartment is on second floor.

c) What are you doing next week?

d) Would you like to go to moon?

5.- WRITE THE PLURALS OF NEXT THE WORDS: WIFE / WATCH / COOKIE / WORD / DISH.

18

UNIDAD Nº 3UNIDAD Nº 3ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN ( VERBO AUXILIAR TO DO ENELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN ( VERBO AUXILIAR TO DO EN

PRESENTE SIMPLE)PRESENTE SIMPLE)


EXPRESAR EN INGLÉS ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS, AFIRMATIVAS YEXPRESAR EN INGLÉS ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS, AFIRMATIVAS Y

NEGATIVAS EN FORMAS ORAL Y ESCRITA, EN TIEMPO PRESENTENEGATIVAS EN FORMAS ORAL Y ESCRITA, EN TIEMPO PRESENTE

SIMPLE, UTILIZANDO VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARESSIMPLE, UTILIZANDO VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES

ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN (VERBO AUXILIAR DO, PRESENTE)

I You He

DO We DOES She

They It (Thing /animal)

GRAMMAR NOTE: To form interrogative sentences in present simple we have to

use the Auxiliary Do for the pronouns mentioned above.

This auxiliary has these functions:

a) To form interrogative sentences.

b) It is used in short affirmative answers.

c) It is used in short and long negative answers.

Example:

a) I go to school everyday. Do I go to school everyday?

We read the lessons in class. Do we read the lessons in class?

You work very hard. Do you work very hard?

They get up early in the morning. Do they get up early in the morning?

AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT

Do I/You/ We/They Go to school everyday?

Example: b) Do you work very hard?

- Yes, I do. - Yes, I work very hard.

Do they play tennis? - Yes, They do.- Yes, They play tennis.

21


AFFIRMATIVE

YES SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT

Yes, I drink coffee for breakfast

YES SUBJECT AUX

Yes I do

Note: The auxiliary do is omitted in long affirmative answers.

Example c) Do we read lessons in class? No, we don’t. No, we don’t read lessons in class.

Do I write some notes? No, I don’t. No, I don’t write some note.

NEGATIVE

NO SUBJECT NEGATIVE COMPLEMENT VERB No I/You/We/They Do not/ Don’t Write some notes

NO SUBJECT AUXILIARY No I/You/We/They Don’t

Do not = don’t Does not = doesn’t

22


EXERCISES:

A. Change to Interrogative Form.

1. I go to the library at 7 o’clock.

2. We write sentences on the board.

3. They travel to Europe every year.

_______________________________________

4. You know Peter.

________________________________________

B. Answer these questions in: a) affirmative b) negative.

1. Do you play ping-pong?

a)_______________________________________

b)____________________________________

___

2. Do teachers begin classes on time?

a)_______________________________

b)____________________________

___

3. Do we read the newspaper on Sundays?

a)_____________________________

b)_________________________

____

4. Do I watch T.V. everyday?

a)______________________________________

23


b)___________________________________

___

C. Complete with “do” or “don’t”.

1. _________ you like to dance?

2. These men ___________ play football.

3. ___________the boys repeat the exercises?

4. We_______________live in Margarita.

5. My family ____________eat meat.

DOES / DOESN´T

Grammar note : To form interrogative sentences in present simple we have to

use Does with the pronouns He/She/It.

This auxiliary has these functions:

a) To form interrogative sentences.

b) It is used in short affirmative answers.

c) It is used in short/long negative.

ANSWERS

Example a) He comes to school by bus - Does he come by bus?

She cleans the room. - Does she clean the room?

The dog plays with the ball. - Does it play with the ball?

It rains very hard. - Does it rain very hard?

AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT. ?

24


Does He/She come to school by bus ?

Example b) Does she clean the room? Yes, She does.

Yes, she cleans the room.

YES SUBJECT AUXILIARY

Yes He/She does

YES SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT

Yes It rains very hard

Note: In a long affirmative answer the auxiliary is omitted, but we add `` s ´´,

or ´´es´´ according to the verb.

EXCEPTIONS:

1. When the verb ends in: o, s, sh, x, z - add “es” Example go – goes do-

does.2. When the verb ends in y preceded by a vowel, the y doesn’t change only

add “s”. Example: play – plays pay- pays.

3. When the verb ends in y , preceded by a consonant the y changes to “i” and add “es” Ejemplo: study - studies - cry - cries

25


Example b) Does it play with the ball?

- No, it doesn’t.

- No, it doesn’t play with the ball.

NO SUBJEC AUXILIARY VERB COMPLEMENT

No

the dog (It)

doesn’t play with the ball

NOTE: Remember that the ´´ s´´, ´´es´´ and ´´ies´´ is only added in long

affirmative answers; NOT in negative form.

EXERCISES:

A) Change to interrogative form:

l) She Rests in the morning.

2) She reads good novels.

3) He travels by plane.

4) The cat drinks milk.

B) Answer these questions in a) affirmative b) negative

Does your mother cook pizza? a)_______________________________________

b)_________________________________

_______

Does the teacher carry a bag? a)________________________________________

b)________________________________

_______

26


Does your mother put a lot of salt in your soup? a)__________________________________________

b)____________________________________________

Does the dog eat meat? a)______________________________________

______

b)____________________________________________

C) Underline the correct answer:

1. He (eats- eat) every morning.

2. (Do- Does) she write a sentence?

3. (Does- Do) the boy study English?

4. Susan (doesn’t- don’t) eat fish.

5. My teacher (love-loves) to dance.

6. He (don’t- doesn’t) use a key-holder.

27

UNIDAD Nº 4

DESCRIBIR PERSONAS, ANIMALES, LUGARES Y COSASDESCRIBIR PERSONAS, ANIMALES, LUGARES Y COSAS


DESCRIBIR EN INGLÉS SUSTANTIVO PROPIOS Y COMUNES, EN FORMADESCRIBIR EN INGLÉS SUSTANTIVO PROPIOS Y COMUNES, EN FORMA

ORAL Y ESCRITA, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE SIMPLEORAL Y ESCRITA, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE SIMPLE

DESCRIBIR PERSONAS, ANIMALES, LUGARES Y COSAS

NEW VOCABULARY:

Colours: red / pink / orange / yellow / light green / green / dark green / light blue

/ blue / dark blue / purple / white / light gray / gray / dark gray / beige / light

brown / brown / dark brown / black

YELLOW BLUE RED PINK GREEN GRAY BROWN PURPLE BLACK

Ex.: A: What are your favorite colours?

B: My favorite colours are red and purple.

C: What´s Ana´s favorite colour?

D: Her favorite colour is white.

Clothes: For work: shirt, tie, belt, jacket and pants (suit), coat, shoes, blouse,

scarf, skirt, (high) heels, raincoat, dress.

For leisure: hat, sweater, jeans, gloves, boots, cap, T-shirt, shorts, socks,

Sneakers, pajamas, swimsuits.

Conversation

-Nelly: Are our clothes dry?

Betty: Yes, they are.

-Nelly: Where are my favorite socks?

Betty: What colour are they?

-Nelly: They’re white.

Betty: Are these your socks?

-Nelly: They’re blue and white.

Betty: No, they’re probably Pat’s socks. Wait! They are my socks! They’re

Ruined!

-Nelly: Yeah. The problem is this T-shirt. It’s dark blue.

Betty: Is it Pat’s?

-Nelly: Actually, it’s my T-shirt. I’m sorry.

Betty: That’s OK. It’s not important.

31


Grammar note: Possessives

Are our clothes dry? Are Stephen’s and George’s clothes OK??

Where are my gloves? No, their clothes aren’t ok.

Are these your gloves? What´s Elizabeth’s favorite colour?

Is this Carl’s T-shirt? Her favorite colour is green.

No, it’s not her T-shirt.

I--------------my Pronunciationyou----------your Elizabeth’s / s /he------------his Stephen’s / z /she-----------her George’s / iz /we-----------our

they---------their

A. Write a question for each sentence.

1. Liz’s jeans are black. What colour _____________________________?

2. Dan’s favorite colour is green. What ___________________________________?

3. James’s shoes are on the table! Where __________________________________?

4. Julie’s T-shirt is dark blue. What colour _____________________________?

5. Debbie and Jeff’s house is white. What colour _____________________________?

6. My favorite colour is purple. What ___________________________________?

7. Our classroom is light yellow. What colour _____________________________?

32


ADJECTIVES FOR DESCRIBING PEOPLE’S APPEARANCE AND PERSONALITY: SUBJ + BE + adj

She’s pretty.

She’s shy.

He’s thin.

He’s serious.

He’s very funny.

She’s a little heavy.

She’s smart.

They’re nice.

He’s short.

He’s handsome

She’s really friendly.

He’s really tall.

short thin heavy

Appearance Personalitygood-looking pretty friendly shyhandsome short funny smartheavy tall nice talkativefat thin serious organized

Write sentences. Use the words in the box. .- He’s short and a little heavy. He´s very serious, too.

1. Carlos_______________________________________________________.

33


2. Reyna ______________________________________________________.

3. Daniel ______________________________________________________.

4. Victoria and Sheyla ____________________________________________.

5. Ana ________________________________________________________.

Where are you from?

A. Vocabulary:

Country Capital Nationality Country Capital NationalityVenezuela Caracas Venezuela Colombia Bogota ColombianArgentina Buenos

AiresArgentinian USA Washington,DC American

France Paris French Canada Ottawa CanadianEngland London British Nicaragu

aManagua Nicaraguan

Spain Madrid Spanish Russia Moscow RussianPortugal Lisbon Portuguese Norway Oslow NorwegianJapan Tokyo Japanese Uruguay Montevideo UruguayanGermany Berlin German Italy Rome Italian B.Conversation:

-Esteban: Where are you from, Jesus?

-Jesus: Well, my family is here in Wales, but we’re from Peru originally.

-Esteban: Oh, my father is Peruvian –from Lima! Are you from Lima?

-Jesus: No, we´re not from Lima. We’re from Iquitos.

34


-Esteban: So, is your first language Spanish?

-Jesus: Yes, it is.

Grammar note:

COMPLETE THE CONVERSATIONS.

1. A: Hiroshi, ____are___ you and Maiko from Japan?

B. Yes, we __________.

A: __________ you from Tokyo?

B: No, __________ not. __________ from Kyoto.

2. A: __________ Laura from the U.S.?

B: No, __________ not. She’s from the U.K.

A: __________ she from London?

STATEMENTS AND YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH BE

Are you from Lima?

Is Gino from Italy?

Is your first language Chinese?

Are you and Belkis from Cuba?

Are your parents in Chile?

I´m not from Lima.

He´s not from Italy.

It´s not Chinese.

We´re not from Cuba.

They´re not in Chile.

I´m from Iquitos

He´s from Argentina.

It´s Japanese.

We´re from Puerto Rico.

They´re in Uruguay.

Are your parents in Chile?

Yes, they are.

No, they’re not.

Are you and your family from Africa?

Yes, we are.

No, we´re not we´re = we are

35


B: Yes, she __________. But her parents __________ from Italy originally.

A: __________ Italian her first language?

B: No, __________ not. __________ English.

3. A: __________ Elena and Carlos from México?

B: No, __________ not. __________ from Peru.

A: What about you? Where __________ you from?

B: __________ from Säo Paulo.

A: So your first language __________ Portuguese.

B: Yes, it __________.

36

UNIDAD Nº 5UNIDAD Nº 5ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES RELACIONADAS CON EL TIEMPOESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES RELACIONADAS CON EL TIEMPO

PASADO Y FUTURO.PASADO Y FUTURO.


ESTABLECER COMUNICACIONES EN INGLÉS, EN FORMA ORAL YESTABLECER COMUNICACIONES EN INGLÉS, EN FORMA ORAL Y

ESCRITA, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE EN TIEMPO PASADO Y FUTURO.ESCRITA, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE EN TIEMPO PASADO Y FUTURO.

past

future

ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES RELACIONADAS CON EL TIEMPO PASADO Y FUTURO

VERB TO BE IN THE SIMPLE PAST.

I was at home yesterday.

You were very nice to her.

She was in the beach with some friends.

He was at the game.

It was a beautiful dog.

They were a couple two years ago.

You were at the university.

We were a big group of students.

1.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM.

a) I was at home yesterday.

b) It was a beautiful dog.

c) You were at the University.

2.- INTERROGATIVE FORM.

a) Was I at home yesterday?

b) Was it a beautiful dog?

c) Were you at the University?

3.- NEGATIVE FORM.

a) I was not at home yesterday.

b) It was not a beautiful dog.

c) You were not at the University.

39


4.- CONTRACTIONS (ONLY IN THE NEGATIVE FORM).

a) I wasn’t at home yesterday.

b) It wasn’t a beautiful dog.

c) You weren’t at the University.

FUTURE

Will: It is a modal auxiliary. You use it to express a future decision made at the

moment of speaking or when you’re not sure about doing something.

Form: will + infinitive without to.

1.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM:

Probably I will go to the beach next weekend.

Mary will stay in her cousin’s house.

They will make a cake for Jane’s birthday.

2.- NEGATIVE FORM.

Probably I will not go to the beach next weekend.

Mary will not stay in her cousin’s house.

They will not make a cake for Jane’s birthday.


Will I probably go to the beach next weekend?

Will Mary stay in her cousin’s house?

Will they make a cake for Jane’s birthday?

40


4.- CONTRACTIONS ( AFFIRMATIVE).

I’ll probably go to the beach next weekend.

She’ll stay in her cousin’s house.

They’ll make a cake for Jane’s birthday.

5.- CONTRACTIONS ( NEGATIVE ).

I won’t go to the beach next weekend.

She won’t stay in her cousin’s house.

They won’t make a cake for Jane’s birthday.

Be going to: we use it to talk about a future intention that was made before the

moment of speaking.

Form: am/is/are + going to + infinitive (without to).

1.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM.

I am going to work tomorrow.

Peter is going to play tennis.

We are going to buy some bananas.

2.- NEGATIVE FORM.

I am not going to work tomorrow.

Peter is not going to play tennis.

We are not going to buy bananas.


Am I going to work tomorrow?

Is Peter going to play tennis?

Are we going to buy bananas?

41


4.- CONTRACTIONS ( AFFIRMATIVE )

I’m going to work tomorrow.

Peter’s going to play tennis.

We’re going to buy bananas.

5.- CONTRACTIONS ( NEGATIVE )

I’m not going to work tomorrow.

Peter isn’t going to play tennis.

We aren’t going to buy bananas.

EXERCISES.

1.- PUT IN WAS/WERE OR WASN’T/WEREN’T

a) We weren’t happy with the hotel. Our room _______ very small and it

________ very clean.

b) George _________ at work last week because he ________ sick.

c) Yesterday __________ a public holiday so the shops ___________

closed.

d) _________ Sue and Bill at the party?. Sue________ but Bill __________.

e) Where are my keys? I don’t know. They __________ on the table but now

they’re not.

f) You _______ at home last night. Where ______ you?

2.- WRITE THE QUESTIONS. USE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS IN THE

CORRECT ORDER + WAS OR WERE.

a) ( late/you/this morning/why? )

b) ( last week/ where / Ann and Christ? )

c) ( nice/ last week/ the weather? )

42


3.- COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE THE VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PAST: CLEAN, ENJOY, OPEN, START, HAVE, VISIT, GO, SEE.

a) I __________ my teeth three times yesterday.

b) Lisa ____________ a cup of coffee before breakfast.

c) The concert ___________ at 7:30 p.m.

d) We ___________ the party very much

e) Peter _________ an accident in the street last night.

f) It was hot in the room, so we __________ the window.

g) Last year my family __________ me in Australia.

h) She _________ to the airport to pick up her mother.

4.- MAKE THE QUESTION AND THE NEGATIVE SENTENCE OF EACH ONE

OF THE SENTENCES IN EXERCISE NUMBER 3.

5.- WRITE SENTENCES USING THE FUTURE. REMEMBER THE

USE OF WILL AND BE GOING TO.

a) (not go/ busy place / I). I’m not going to a busy place.

b) (she/ maybe/ take the train) __________________________.

c) (not stay /they/ hotel) _________________________.

d) (he/ think / ask a friend) ______________________.

6.- WRITE FOUR THINGS YOU PLAN TO DO ON YOUR NEXT VACATION.

7. .- READING.

A.-Read about Diane’s visit to a psychic named Miriem. Each sentence includes

at least one verb form to talk about the future. Pay attention to the use.

Miriem looked into her crystal ball and said to Diane, You won’t be at your job

for very long. Your work is going to change completely. You will start to write a

writing project. It will start at a meeting in Dallas in March, but no, nothing in April.

Are you going to travel to a meeting in April? She asked.43


“No, I’m going to attend a software developer’s meeting in Dallas in March but

no, nothing in April…” Diane answered.

The important meeting isn’t going to be big. It’ll be small”, the physic said

shaking her head a bit. You are going to meet with two people –a man and a

woman-. They will help you make this change.

B.- Now your teacher will dictate to you the text. Close your books and pay

attention to the pronunciation.

THE NUMBERS

CARDINALS.

1 (one) 2 (two) 3 (three) 4 (four) 5 (five) 6 (six) 7 (seven) 8 (eight) 9 (nine) 10

(ten)11 (eleven) 12 (twelve) 13 (thirteen) 14 (fourteen) 15 (fifteen) 16 (sixteen) 17

(seventeen)18 (eighteen) 19 (nineteen) 20 (twenty) 30 (thirty) 40 (forty) 50 (fifty)

60 (sixty) 70 (seventy) 80 (eighty) 90 (ninety) 100 (one hundred) 200 (two

hundred)1,000 (one thousand) 2,000 (two thousand) 100,000 (one hundred

thousand)1,000,000 (one million).

Examples:

56= fifty – six.

89= eighty – nine.

173= one hundred and seventy – three.

515= five hundred and fifteen.

2,890= two thousand eight hundred and ninety.

44


40,657= forty thousand six hundred and fifty – seven.

2,567,435= two million five hundred and sixty - seven thousand four hundred and

thirty – five.

ORDINALS.

1 (first) 2 (second) 3 (third) 4 (fourth) 5 (fifth) 6 (sixth) 7 (seventh) 8 (eighth) nine

(ninth) 10 (tenth) 11 (eleventh) 12 (twelfth) 13 ( thirteenth) 14 (fourteenth) 15

(fifteenth)16 (sixteenth) 17 (seventeenth) 18 (eighteenth) 19 (nineteenth) 20

(twentieth) 30 (thirtieth) 31 (thirty-first) 50 ( fiftieth) 52 ( fifty-second) 70

(seventieth) 73 ( seventy-third)

Contractions: first = 1st / second = 2nd / third = 3rd / fourth = 4th

WHAT TIME IS IT?

There are two ways of expressing the time in English: the formal way and the informal way.

Formal way: It is twenty minutes past twelve → 12:20 It is ten minutes to five → 4:40 It is half past three → 3:30 It is a quarter to seven → 6:45

Informal way: It is twelve twenty → 12:20 It is five thirty five → 5:35

45


NOTE: You use TO after thirty minutes.

You use PAST before thirty minutes.

DAYS OF THE WEEK

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday .

MONTHS OF THE YEAR

January February March April May June July

August September October November December

SEASONS OF THE YEAR

Spring

Summer

Fall / Autumn

Winter

DATES

In English, to write the date you put first the day, then the month, after the

number of day and finally the year.

Examples: Saturday, August 9th 2003.

Thursday, July 19th 2001.

EXERCISES.

1.- WRITE THE NEXT NUMBERS.

a) 657

b) 2,478

c) 69,321

d) 5,876,345

e) 6,713,603

f) 56th

g) 91st

46


h) 83rd

2.- YOUR TEACHER WILL DICTATE SOME AMOUNTS AND YOU’LL HAVE TO WRITE THEM IN NUMBERS.

3.- WRITE THE TIME.

a) 5: 30 (formal way).

b) 6: 55 (formal way).

c) 3: 20 (informal way).

d) 11: 10 (formal way).

4.- WRITE A SHORT COMPOSITION ABOUT YOUR LIFE ROUTINE. USE THE

VOCABULARY YOU LEARNED ABOUT THE DAYS OF THE WEEK, THE

MONTHS OF THE YEAR AND THE SEASONS.

5.-WRITE THE NEXT DATES ACCORDING TO THE RULES YOU LEARNED.

a) Lunes 29 de septiembre de 2002.

b) Domingo 15 de marzo de 1999.

c) Jueves 3 de julio de 2003.

47

UNIDAD Nº 6UNIDAD Nº 6ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES QUE EXPRESAN POSESIÓN OESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES QUE EXPRESAN POSESIÓN O

PERTENENCIA.PERTENENCIA.

OBJETIVO TERMINALOBJETIVO TERMINAL: ESTABLECER COMUNICACIÓN ORAL Y ESCRITA EN INGLÉS, ESTABLECER COMUNICACIÓN ORAL Y ESCRITA EN INGLÉS,

UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO HAVE EN TIEMPO PRESENTE. UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO HAVE EN TIEMPO PRESENTE.

ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES QUE EXPRESAN POSESIÓN O PERTENENCIA

I HAVE... / I’VE GOT...

A. YOU CAN SAY I HAVE OR I’VE GOT, HE HAS OR HE’S GOT:

Iweyouthey

Have OR

Iwe

you they

(I’ve got)Have got (we’ve got) (you’ve got) (they’ve got)

hesheit

Has OR he she it

(he’s got)Has got (she’s got)

(it’s got)

** I’ve got blue eyes. (or I have blue eyes.)

** Tim has got two sisters. (or Tim has two sisters.)

** Our car has got four doors. (our car has four doors)

** Diane isn’t feeling well. She’s got a headache. (she’s got = she has got)

** They like animals. They’ve got a horse, three dogs and six cats. (They have a

horse, three dogs and six cats)

B. I HAVEN’T GOT / HAVE YOU GOT? ETC.

51


NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I we have gotthey haven’t gotyou

heshe has not got It hasn’t got

have I got? we they

has he got? she it

Yes, I have got. we they you

Yes, he she it

No, I haven’t. gotNo, she hasn’t got.

** I’ve got a motor-bike but I haven’t got a car.

** Mr. and Mrs. Harris haven’t got any children.

** It’s a nice house but it hasn’t got a garden.

** ‘Have you got a camera?’ ‘No, I haven’t.’** ‘What have you got in your bag?’ ‘Nothing. It’s empty.’

** ‘Has Ann got a car?’ ‘Yes, she has.’

C. DON’T HAVE / DO YOU HAVE? ETC.

In negatives and questions you can also use do / does …:

** They don’t have any children. (=They haven’t got any children.)

** It´s a nice house but it doesn’t have a garden. (=it hasn’t got a garden)

** Does Ann have a car? (=Has Ann got a car?)

** How much money do you have? (=How much money have you got?)

EXERCICES.

WRITE QUESTIONS.52


1. (you / an umbrella?) Have you got an umbrella?

2. (you / a passport?)

_________________________________________

3. (your father / a car?)

_________________________________________

4. (Carol / many friends?)

_________________________________________

5. (you / any brothers or sisters?)

_________________________________________

6. (how much money / we?)

_________________________________________

7. (What kind of car / Julia?)

_________________________________________

Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven´t/hasn´t got + one of these:

a lot of friends four wheels six legs a headache a toothache a key much time a garden

1. I´m not feeling very well. I’ve got a headache.

2. It´s a nice house but it hasn’t got a garden.

3. Most cars _____________________________________________________.

4. Everybody likes Tom. He _________________________________________.

5. I´m going to the dentist this morning. I _______________________________.

6. He can’t open the door. He ________________________________________.

7. An insect ______________________________________________________.

8. We must hurry. We ______________________________________________.

Personal Pronouns

ObjectPronouns

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive Pronouns

53


I know Lennis. Lennis knows me. It´s my car. It´s mine.We know

Lennis.

Lennis knows us. It´s our car. It´s ours.

You know

Lennis.

Lenis knows you. It´s your car. It´s yours.

He knows

Lennis.

Lennis knows him. It´s his car. It´s his.

She knows

Lennis.

Lennis knows her. It´s her car. It´s hers.

They know

Lennis.

Lennis knows

them.

It´s their car. It´s theirs.

** ‘Do you know that man?’

‘Yes, I know him but I can’t remember his name.’

** She was very pleased because we invited her to stay with us at our house.

** A: where are the children? Have you seen them?

B: Yes, they are playing with their friends in the park.

** That’s my pen. Can you give it to me, please?

** ‘Is this your umbrella?’ ‘No, it’s yours.’

** He didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave him hers.

(= she gave her umbrella to him)

** I´m meeting a friend of mine this evening. (not ‘a friend of me’)

We use my / your etc. + a noun (my hands are cold / your book is red /Said

gave his umbrella etc.)We use mine / yours etc. without a noun (Is this book mine or yours? / it´s their

problem, not ours etc.)

You can use his with or without a noun: (‘Is this his camera or hers?’ ‘It´s his.’)

EXERCISES.

54


A.- Finish these sentences in the same way.

1. We invited her to stay with us at our house.

2. He invited us to stay with ____________________ house.

3. They invited me to stay with ___________________ house.

4. I invited them ____________________________________.

5. She invited us ____________________________________.

6. Did you invite him ________________________________?

B.- Where’s Caroline? Have you seen her?2 Where are my keys? Where did I put ________?

3. This letter is for Bill. Can you give it to ________?

4. We wrote to John but he didn’t answer ________ letter.

5. ‘I can’t find my pen. Can I use _______ ?’ ‘Yes, of course.’

6. We’re going to the cinema. Why don’t you come with ________?

Whose…?

** Whose book is this? (= Is it your book? his book? my book? etc.)

You can use whose with or without a noun** Whose money is this? It’s mine.

Whose is this?

** Whose shoes are these? They’re Nelly’s

Whose are these?

Whose ______________? Whose

____________?

______________. (theirs) ______________? (Nelly’s)

55


Whose ____________? Whose _____________?

_____________ (his) ____________ (Raul´s)

NEW VOCABULARY:

A.- Look at Samuel’s family tree. Fill in the blanks in the paragraph below. Use

the words in the box.

brother daughter husband parents sonschildren father mother sister wife

Helen Jack

M= married

Me Reyna

Samuel Jr. Kathy Leo

My name is Samuel. This is my family. Helen and Jack are my parents. Helen is

my __________, and Jack is my __________. Reyna is my __________. I´m her

4__________. Samuel Jr., Kathy, and Leo are our __________. Samuel Jr. and

Leo are our __________, and Kathy is our __________. Samuel Jr. is Leo’s

__________, and Kathy is his __________.

New vocabulary: Parts of the body

56

M

M

FOREHEAD


HEAD

Note: 1 Foot (singular)

2 Feet (plural)

57

EYE

MOUTH

SHOULDER

ARM

ELBOW

FINGERS

HIP LEG

KNEE

FOOT

HAIRNOSE

NECK

FOREARM

HAND

THIGH

UNIDAD Nº7UNIDAD Nº7DIRECCIONES Y UBICACIONES DIRECCIONES Y UBICACIONES

OBJETIVO TERMINALOBJETIVO TERMINAL:EXPRESAR EN INGLÉS EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA, SITUACIONESEXPRESAR EN INGLÉS EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA, SITUACIONES

RELACIONADAS CON LA UBICACIÓN DE SUJETOS EN LUGARESRELACIONADAS CON LA UBICACIÓN DE SUJETOS EN LUGARES

DETERMINADOS, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE. DETERMINADOS, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE.

DIRECCIONES Y UBICACIONES

IN AT ON (PREPOSITIONS OF PLACES)

a) IN Where’s David? In the kitchen / In the garden / In London.

What’s in the Box / in that bag?

Angela works in a shop / in a bank / in a factory.

I live in a town but I want to live in the country.

Where’s Kate? She is in bed.

b) AT There’s someone at the door.

The car is waiting at the traffic light.

Julia is working at her desk.

Will you be at home / at school / at work?

Helen studies law at university.

c) ON There are some books on the shelf and some pictures on the wall.

There are a lot of apples on those trees.

There is a stamp on the envelope.

Did you come here on a bus?

The office is on the first floor.

61


OTHER PREPOSITIONS OF PLACESNext to (or beside) / between / in front of / behind/under.

.

A B C

A is next to B. or A is beside B / B is between A and C.

The cat is under the table/ The doctor is behind the girl/ The man is in front of the Lady.

62


There are other prepositions such as: up, down, along, through, etc.

Cardinal Points. NORTH

↑

WEST ← → EAST

↓

SOUTH

Examples: Where is Caracas located? It’s in the North of Venezuela.

Where is Bolivar state located? It’s in the south-east of Venezuela.

Catia is located at the west of Caracas.

Sucre state is located at the East of Venezuela.

Conversation.

Louis: Hi Mark. How’s everything ?

Mark : Everything is fine. I moved to another place.

Louis: Nice and, where is it?

Mark: It’s in the south of the city. I can explain to you how to do to get in.

Louis: Sure. So now I can visit you.

Mark. Ok. Pay attention to me. You take the bus to the south and get down on

the second street. Then you walk along for two blocks. The building is next to the

supermarket and behind the church. Ah! And in front of the police station. There’s

no way you get lost. Did you understand?

Louis: Yes, absolutely. Maybe next weekend I can visit you.

Mark. Ok. See you around.

Louis: See you.

63


EXERCISES:

1.- LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. USE

IN/AT/ON/BETWEEN/NEXT TO/UNDER.

1.- Where is the man in white?

2.- Where is the couple?

3.- Where is the dog?

4.- Where is the flower pot?

5.- Where is the old lady?

6.- Where is the man in green?

2.- PUT IN AT/IN/ON.a) Were you _____ home yesterday morning?

b) I walked to work but I came home _________ the bus.

c) Where are the children? Are they _____ school?

d) Peter has a cold. He is _______ bed.

e) Where does Diana lie? She lives _____ California.

3.- SITUATION: A FOREIGNER IS LOST IN THE CITY. TRY TO GIVE HIM THE

ADDRESS HE’S LOOKING FOR. USE THE WORDS GIVEN ( NORTH / IN /

TWEEN / NEXT TO / ALONG ).

64

UNIDAD Nº8UNIDAD Nº8ACCIONES QUE SE ESTÁN O ESTUVIERON REALIZANDO EN TIEMPOACCIONES QUE SE ESTÁN O ESTUVIERON REALIZANDO EN TIEMPO

PROGRESIVO( TO BE + INGPROGRESIVO( TO BE + ING).


Establecer comunicación oral y escrita en inglés, expresandoEstablecer comunicación oral y escrita en inglés, expresando

acciones que se están o estuvieron realizando, utilizando el To Beacciones que se están o estuvieron realizando, utilizando el To Be

como Auxiliar de este tiempo y los verbos en gerundio. como Auxiliar de este tiempo y los verbos en gerundio.

ACCIONES QUE ESTÁN O ESTUVIERON REALIZANDO EN TIEMPOS PROGRESIVOS (TO BE + iNG)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)

It is used to express an activity happening now.

FORM: Subject + verb to be + main verb + ing

I am

She is

you are

Example : I am working now .

Note: to form the continuous of the verbs that end in a vowel, you eliminate the

vowel and add the ing.

Examples: take – taking / make – making / drive- driving

CONTRACTIONS

We ARE We’re

You You’re

They They’re

NOTE: I am = I’m She He’s

He is She’s

It It’s

AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE

I am (‘m)

am not ( ‘m not) working now.

He

She is (‘s) eating with me.

It is not (isn’t)

We sleeping now.

You are (‘re)

They are not (aren’t)67


QUESTION ANSWERS

Am I Working yes, you are.

yes, you are working now.

no, she isn´t.

Is She eating with me ? no, she isn´t eating wit me.

Are They sleeping now? Yes, they are.

No, they aren´t sleeping now.

NOTE: We cannot use I’m / we’re / she’s / he’s / it’s / they’re / you’re in short

answers.

WRONG: Yes, I’m

Yes, she’s

RIGHT: Yes, I am

Yes, she is

PAST CONTINUOUS ( PROGRESSIVE ). It is used to express a past activity

happening over a period of time.

FORMWas / were (past tense of to be) + verb + ing

AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE

I

He was doing the homework.

She was not (wasn’t )

It

We

You were

They were not ( weren’t) playing tennis.

68


QUESTION.

Was I doing the homework?

Was she doing the homework?

Were they playing tennis?

ANSWERS.

Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t / Yes, I was doing the homework / No, I wasn’t doing the

homework.

Yes, she was / No, she wasn’t / Yes, she was doing the homework / No, she

wasn’t doing the homework.

Yes, they were / No, they weren’t / Yes, they were playing tennis / No, they

weren’t playing tennis.

NOTE: to make specific questions you have to use the Wh questions. What –

Where – Who – Why – When – Who .

What + verb to be + subject + verb + ing

Examples:

What are they doing?

Why were you crying?

69


EXERCISES

1.- WHAT ARE THESE PEOPLE DOING?

Use the verbs to complete the sentences.(do/ cook/ drive/ drink/ work/ run/ paint )

Remember the use of the present continuous.

2.- WHAT’S HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT. WRITE TRUE SENTENCES.

1.- ( I / wash / my hair ) I’m not washing my hair.

2.- ( It / snow ) ______________________________________________

3.- ( I / sit / on a chair ) ________________________________________

4.- ( I eat ) __________________________________________________

5.- ( It / rain ) _________________________________________________

6.- ( I / learn ) ________________________________________________

7.- ( I / read / the newspaper ) ____________________________________

70


3.- A) THESE PEOPLE WERE DOING DIFFERENT THINGS YESTERDAY.

WHAT WERE THEY DOING? USE THE FOLLOWING VERBS: REPAIR /

SLEEP / VACUUM / TEACH / DANCE.

B) Now make the last sentences negative and change them into questions.

4.- CHANGE TO THE PAST:

There is a boy in the restaurant. He is with his father and his mother. They are

eating fish. The boy is drinking milk. His father is drinking water and his mother a

coke. They are talking about the school. The boy isn’t happy with the

conversation. He is trying to change the conversation. Around them there are

some people having their meal. They are very happy. Now the boy is walking

home with his parents.

71


5.- ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:

a) Where were you eating last night?

b) What were you reading yesterday?

c) Who was drinking milk this morning?

d) When were you walking to the school?

e) Where was your teacher teaching English yesterday?

6.- WRITE QUESTIONS FROM THESE WORDS. USE IS OR ARE AND PUT

THE WORDS IN ORDER.

1.- (working / Paul / today?) Is Paul working today?

2.- (what / doing / the children?)

3.- (you / listening / to me? )

4.- (where / going / your friends?)

5.- (your parents / television / watching?)

6.- (what / cooking / Ann?)

7.- (why / you / looking / at me?)

8.- (coming/ the bus?)

72


7.- THESE PEOPLE WERE DOING DIFFERENT THINGS YESTERDAY. LOOK

AT THE PICTURES AND MAKE SENTENCES WITH: SWIM / PLAY / CELEBRATE / COOK / SURF / TOAST.

8.- COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS. USE WAS/WERE + ING. USE

WHAT/WHERE/WHY, IF NECESSARY.

QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1.- (you/live) Where were you living in 1990?

2.- (you/do) _______________________at 2 o’clock?

3.- (it/rain) ___________________when you got up?

4.- (Ann/drive) ________________________so fast?

5.- Tim /wear) _________________a suit yesterday?

In London.

I was asleep.

No, it was sunny.

Because she was in a hurry.

No, a T-shirt and jeans.

9.- SPEAKING.73


Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions.

Where were you, and what were you doing

-at three o’clock this morning?

-at eight o’ clock this morning? I was in bed /reading…

-two years ago?

-in August last year?

-this time yesterday?

10.- READING.

THE CHANGING FAMILY

What kind of problems do parents have in your country?

American families are changing. One important change is that most

married women now work outside the home. What happens when both parents

work? Read about the Morales family.

Judy and Steve Morales have three children: josh, 12; Ben,9; and Emily,6.

Steve is a computer programmer. This year, Judy is working again as a hospital

administrator. The family needs the money, and Judy likes her job. Everything is

going well, but there are also problems.

Now that Judy is working, Steve has to help her more with the housework. He doesn’t enjoy it, however.

74


Judy loves her work, but she feels tired and too busy. She also worries

about her children because she’s working on Saturdays so she doesn’t

have free time for her husband and children.

Emily is having a great time in her after- school program.

When Judy comes to pick her up, she’s playing with her

friends and doesn’t want to leave.

Unfortunately, Ben’s school doesn’t have an after- school program. Right now

he’s spending most afternoons by himself in front of the TV.

Josh is enjoying his new freedom after school. He’s playing his music louder and

spending more time on the phone. He’s also doing a few household chores.

A.- Read the article. What are Steve’s and Judy’s problems? Complete the chart.

PROBLEMS

1.- Steve

2.- Judy

3.- Steve and Judy

75


11.- TRANSLATE THESE SENTENCES AND QUESTIONS INTO SPANISH.

a) I’m working in a very big company now.

b) Was Mary wearing a blue coat yesterday? No, she was wearing a black

jacket.

c) They aren’t enjoying the party because they are fighting.

d) My parents are living in the country now.

e) The computer system isn’t working.

f) The birds were drinking water when I arrived to the park.

76

UNIDAD Nº9UNIDAD Nº9ESTRUCTURAS DE EXISTENCIA Y CANTIDADSTRUCTURAS DE EXISTENCIA Y CANTIDAD

OBJETIVO TERMINALOBJETIVO TERMINAL:EXPRESAR EN INGLÉS EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA ESTRUCTURASEXPRESAR EN INGLÉS EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA ESTRUCTURAS

QUE INDIQUEN EXISTENCIA Y CANTIDADQUE INDIQUEN EXISTENCIA Y CANTIDAD

77

ESTRUCTURAS DE EXISTENCIA Y CANTIDAD

GRAMMAR Expressing Existence

THERE IS, THERE ARE, THERE WAS, THERE WERE

There is a lamp

There aren’t any lamps

Is there a bank around here?

Yes, there is one

No, there aren’t any

There was a television

Was there a television?

Yes, there was.

No, there wasn’t

There are three chairs

There aren’t any chairs

Are there any post offices around here?

Yes, there are some on Elm Street.

No, there aren’t any.

There were two televisions

Were there any televisions?

Yes, there were.

No, there weren’t

1.- LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE INFORMATION FROM THE CHART

1. There television.

2. There armchairs.

3. There coffee table.

4. there any lamps?

5. There a stove.

6. there any sofas?

7.There chairs.

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2.- WRITE QUESTIONS ABOUT THESE PLACES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD MAP BELOW.

A restaurant / shops/ a bus station/ a library/ a butchery/ airports/ A pet shop/ gas stations/ a hospital/ grocery store/ a stadium

Is there a restaurant around here?

Are there any shops around here?

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GRAMMAR

COUNTABLES(Singular and Plural ) UNCOUNTABLES (Only Singular)

There is an orange

There are three oranges.

There are some oranges

There isn’t an orange

There aren’t any oranges.

Are there any oranges?

Yes, there are some

No, there aren`t any

There is some sugar

There isn’t any sugar

Is there any sugar?

Yes, there is some.

No, there isn’t any.

1.- COMPLETE THESE STATEMENTS WITH IS , ARE, SOME, ANY

1. Carrots_______ my favorite vegetables.

2. There_______ _________ coffee.

3. ____there______ tomatoes?.

4. Broccoli_______ very good for you.

5. _____there _____cheese?

6. Strawberries _______my favorite fruit.

7. I think yogurt_______ awful.

8. There isn’t ________ milk.

9. There____ _______eggs.

2.- CORRECT THE MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

Ex: There are an apple. There is an apple.

1. Is there some coffee? _____________________.

2. There is two bananas. _____________________.

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3. There aren’t any sugar. _____________________.

4. Are there any juice? _____________________.

5. There isn’t three potatoes _____________________.

6. There aren’t some apples _____________________.

7. Is there any eggs? _____________________.

CONVERSATION.

JOE: Hmm. Let’s go to prepare a potato salad.

TINA: O.K we need some potatoes. Is there any mayonnaise at home?

JOE: Yes, there’s a little

TINA: How many onions do you want?

JOE: Oh, just one.

TINA: How many eggs can we use? Oh, there aren’t any.

JOE: Then let’s buy some.

TINA: Are there any carrots?

JOE: Well, there are a few.

TINA: This is a delicious salad.

JOE: I like it.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

HOW MUCH HOW MANY

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

How much milk is there?

There is a lot

There is a little

There isn’t much

There isn’t any

COUNTABLE NOUNS

How many eggs are there?

There are a lot

There are a few

There aren’t many

There aren’t any

1.- LOOK AT THE PICTURES. MAKE QUESTIONS AND THE ANSWERS 82


1 2 3 4

5 6 7

1. How many pumpkins are there? There are a lot___________ Pumpkins.

2._________________________________________________ Bananas.

3._________________________________________________ Fish.

4._________________________________________________ Tomato.

5._________________________________________________ Carrots.

6._________________________________________________ Meat.

7._________________________________________________ Onions

2.- PUT IN HOW MUCH OR HOW MANY

1. ___________________PEOPLE ARE COMING TO THE PARTY?

2. ___________________MILK DO YOU WANT IN YOUR COFFEE?

3. ___________________BREAD DID YOU BUY?

4. ___________________PLAYERS ARE THERE IN A FOOTBALL TEAM?

PUT IN A LITTLE, A FEW , USING ONE OF THESE WORDS.

Air Chairs Days Friends Letters Milk Russian

1. Last night I wrote a few letters to my family and friends.

2. Can I have _________________in my coffee, please?

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3. When did Julia go away?________________________ ago.

4. I can speak______________________________________.

5. Are you going alone? No, I’m going with______________.

6. There wasn’t much furniture in the room- just a table

and_________________.

7. I’m going out for a walk. I need _______________ fresh____________.

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UNIDAD Nº10UNIDAD Nº10HECHOS Y ACCIONES QUE SE REALIZARON ( VERBO AUXILIAR “DID”)HECHOS Y ACCIONES QUE SE REALIZARON ( VERBO AUXILIAR “DID”)

OBJETIVO TERMINALOBJETIVO TERMINAL:ESTABLECER COMUNICACIÓN ORAL Y ESCRITA EN INGLÉS ACERCA DEESTABLECER COMUNICACIÓN ORAL Y ESCRITA EN INGLÉS ACERCA DE

HECHOS Y ACCIONES QUE SE REALIZARONHECHOS Y ACCIONES QUE SE REALIZARON

HECHOS Y ACCIONES QUE SE REALIZARON (VERBO AUXILIAR “DID”

Use: We use the simple past to talk about something that happened and finished

in the past. This tense is usually indicated by words such as: yesterday, last

week, last night and last year.

Form: The form of the Simple Past is the same for all the persons.

Positive: The positive of regular verbs ends in ED. Base form: start / simple past: started.

Base form: work / simple past: worked. Base form: play / simple past: played.

There are many common irregular verbs such as: drink, have, make, know, etc.

These verbs change their form completely.

Base form: drink / simple past: drank.

Base form: have / simple past: had.

Base form: make / simple past: made.

1.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM

I finished my homework yesterday.

He/She/It worked very hard.

We drank much beer.

You made a cake.

We played baseball.

2.- NEGATIVE FORM: THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE SIMPLE PAST IS WITH

DID + NOT (DIDN’T). AND THE VERB GOES IN ITS BASE FORM.

I did not finish yesterday.

She did not work very hard.

We did not play baseball.

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3.- INTERROGATIVE FORM: THE QUESTION IN THE SIMPLE PAST IS

FORMED WITH DID. AND THE VERB GOES IN ITS BASE FORM.

Did I finish yesterday?

Did She work very hard?

Did we play baseball?

4.- CONTRACTIONS (ONLY IN THE NEGATIVE FORM)

I didn’t finish yesterday

She didn’t work very hard

We didn’t play baseball

3.- COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE THE VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PAST:

CLEAN, ENJOY, OPEN, START, HAVE, VISIT, GO, SEE.

i) I __________ my teeth three times yesterday.

j) Lisa ____________ a cup of coffee before breakfast.

k) The concert ___________ at 7:30 p.m.

l) We ___________ the party very much

m) Peter _________ an accident in the street last night.

n) It was hot in the room, so we __________ the window.

o) Last year my family __________ me in Australia.

p) She _________ to the airport to pick up her mother.

4.- MAKE THE QUESTION AND THE NEGATIVE SENTENCE OF EACH ONE

OF THE SENTENCES IN EXERCISE NUMBER 3.

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5.- COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE VERB IN NEGATIVE.

a) I saw Barbara but I didn’t see Jane.

b) They worked on Monday but they ________________ on Tuesday.

c) We went to the post office but we ________________ to the bank.

d) She had a pen but she_________________________ any paper.

e) Jack did French at school but he _________________German.

6.- WRITE B’S QUESTIONS. USE: ARRIVE / COST / GO / GO TO BED LATE /

HAVE A NICE TIME / WIN.

1.- A: We went to New York last year.

B: Where did you stay? A: With some friends.

5.- A: We came home by taxi.

B: How much_________________?

A: Ten pounds.

2.- A: I was late this morning.

B: What time_________________?

A: Eleven.

6.- A: I’m tired this morning.

B: _________________________?

A: No, but I didn’t sleep very well.

3.- A: I played tennis this afternoon.

B: __________________________?

A: No, I lost.

7.- A: We went to the beach yesterday.

B: _________________________?

A: Yes, it was great.

4.- A: I had a nice holiday.

B: Good. Where ______________?

A: To the mountains.

8.- A: The window is broken.

B: How______________________?

A: I don’t know.

7.- PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES. REGULAR VERBS IN SIMPLE PAST

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Note: There are three kinds of pronunciation of the regular verbs in the simple

past

1.- IF THE VERB IN ITS BASE FORM ENDS IN VOICELESS SOUNDS

SUCH AS: /K/ /P/ /CH/ /SH/, YOU PRONOUNCE THE ED AS /T/.

Example: work – worked /t/

stop – stopped /t/

watch – watched /t/

crash – crashed /t/

2.- IF THE VERB IN ITS BASE FORM ENDS IN VOICED SOUNDS SUCH

AS: /N/ /M/ /R/ AND ANY VOWEL, YOU PRONOUNCE THE ED AS /D/

Example: play – played /d/

plan – planned /d/

clarify – clarified /d/

3.- IF THE VERB IN ITS BASE FORM ENDS IN SOUND /D/ /T/, YOU

PRONOUNCE THE ED AS /ID/

Example: demand – demanded /id/

start – started /id/

recommend – recommended /id/

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4. PRONOUNCE THE NEXT PHRASES ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF

THE SIMPLE PAST

1.- I started to work as a manager last week and my boss demanded many things

to do.

2.- Last weekend Mary walked on Saturday and played tennis on Sunday. She

must be very tired.

3.- They watched TV a lot and after they decided to go for an ice cream.

4.- Yesterday Peter mentioned something about going to the beach but I’m not

sure.

5.- I just tried to get some money from my saving account but I couldn’t.

Adverbs of frequency: (always, seldom, never, usually, sometimes)Some sentences in past with the frequency adverbs:

I always played basketball.

You seldom ate hot dog.

I never went to buy candies.

Carl usually drank beer.

She sometimes slept till late.

HOW OFTEN- adverb of frequency, it is used to know the frequency of an action,

an event or any activity.

Examples:

How often did you play tennis? – I played tennis three times a week last year.

How often did they do the homework?- they did the homework once a week last

month.

How often did she drink coffee?- she drank coffee once a day.

How often did the boys went to the river?- they went to the river twice a month.

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Answer these questions using the adverbs of frequency.

How often did you go to the beach? __________________________________

How often did you eat hot dog? _____________________________________

How often did you read the newspaper?_______________________________

How often did she sing a song?______________________________________

How often did you travel?___________________________________________

How often did they play football?_____________________________________

How often did he talk to his mother who lives in The United states?________________

PRACTICE THIS CONVERSATION USING THE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY AND SOME VERBS IN PAST.Mary: You were really fit, Paul. Did you exercise very much?

Paul: Well, I almost always got up very early, and I lifted weights for an hour.

Mary: You’re kidding!

Paul: No. And then I often went Rollerblading.

Mary: Wow! How often did you exercise like that?

Paul: About five times a week. What about you?

Mary: Oh! I hardly ever exercised. I usually watched TV in my free time. I guess I

was a real couch potato!

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: myself/yourself/themselves, etc.

I → me → myself

He → him → himself

She → her → herself

You → you → yourself (singular)

yourselves (plural)

We → us → ourselves

They → them → themselves

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EXAMPLES: I looked at myself in the mirror.

He cut himself with a knife.

We had a good holiday. We enjoyed ourselves.

They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.

EACH OTHER

EXAMPLES: - Jill and Ann are good friends. They know each other well.

- (Jill knows Ann / Ann knows Jill)

- Paul and I live near each other.

- (he lives near me / I live near him)

EXERCISES:

1.- FINISH THE SENTENCES WITH MYSELF / YOURSELF, ETC.

a) He looked at himself in the mirror.

b) I’m not angry with you. I’m mad at ____________________.

c) Margaret had a nice time in London. She enjoyed __________________.

d) My friends had a nice time in Florida. They enjoyed _________________.

e) He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about _____________.

f) Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and look after _______________. (plural).

2.- WRITE SENTENCES WITH EACH OTHER.

a) He likes her / he likes him. They like each other.

b) I can’t see you / you can’t see me ______________________.

c) I often write to her / she often writes to me _____________________.

d) He doesn’t know him / he doesn’t know him _______________________.

e) You are sitting next to me / I am sitting next to you __________________.

f) She gave her a present / I gave her a present ____________________.

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3.- COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE: EACH OTHER OR OURSELVES / YOURSELVES / THEMSELVES.

a) Paul and I live near ________________

b) You can help Tom and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can help

_________________

c) When we go on holidays, we always enjoy __________________

d) Mary and Jane were at school together, but they never see

_________________ now.

e) Many people talk to _________________ when they’re alone.

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VOCABULARY

Foods

Bread Cake Bananas Cheese

Potato Paprikas Meat

Tomato Grapes Carrots Pizza

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Fish Hamburguer


Others: rice, pasta, chicken, ham, jam, butter, beans, sugar, salt, garlic, onions,

lettuce, orange, apple, pear, peach, etc.

Drinks

Coffee Tea Wine

Beer

Others: soda, milk, juice (orange juice, apple juice), lemonade, etc.

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Desserts

Cake Ice Cream

Common Expressions Related to Foods and Drinks.

I love eating in fast food restaurants.

I would like to eat chicken with French fries.

I’ll have some coffee.

I’m going to bake a cake for Joan’s birthday party.

I hate onions.

I like pizza very much.

My favorite food is Italian food.

I would like my coffee with a lot of sugar and very hot.

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CONVERSATION: Going out for dinner

Sandy: Do you want to go out for dinner tonight?

Bob: Sure. Where would you like to go?

Sandy: Well, what do you think of the restaurant that Mary told us about?

Bob: Yes sure, I’d love to.

Sandy: Ok. Let’s go!

In the Restaurant.Waiter: May I take your order please?

Sandy: Yes, I’d like a hamburger and French fries, please.

Waiter: All right. And would you like a salad?

Sandy: Yes, with a lot of tomatoes and onions.

Waiter: And you Mister. What will you have?

Bob: I’ll have fried chicken with potatoes. Ah! And a Ceasar salad.

Waiter: Sure. And would you like anything to drink?

Sandy: Lemonade.

Bob: I think I’ll have apple juice.

Some minutes later.Waiter: Here you have. A hamburger with French fries, chicken with potatoes for

you and the two salads. I’ll be back in a minute with your drinks.

Bob: I love chicken with potatoes.

Sandy: I like eating but I hate cooking

Waiter: Here you have your drinks. Enjoy your meal

Bob: Thank you.

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Exercises:

1.- Pair work. Ask your friend what does he / she normally take for breakfast,

lunch and dinner.

Start by saying: What do you have for breakfast / lunch / dinner? And remember

the use of the vocabulary of foods and drinks and the common expressions.

2.- Imagine you are the manager of a restaurant and you have to design the

menu. Create a good menu including the main dish, the dessert and the drinks.

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BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Jack ,C., R. (2000). New Interchange ( intro) text book English for International

Communication. Ed. Cambridge University Press.

Jack, C., R. (2000), New Interchange ( intro) workbook English for International

Communication. Ed. Cambridge University Press.

Jack, C.,R. Hull J. (1997).New Interchange student’s book 1 English for

International Communication. Ed. Cambridge University Press.

John and Liz S. ( 1991). Headway. Pre intermediate. Ed. Oxford University Press

Laurie Frazier and Robin Mills.(1998) North Star Basic. Focus on reading and

writing. Ed. Longman

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary As Hornsby ( 1989) fourth edition chief

Apcowie Edit. Cambridge University Press.

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MATERIAL APROBADO POR COMITÉ EJECUTIVO SEGÚN ORDEN

ADMINISTRATIVA Nº 2013-04-50 FECHA: 24-11-2004

La Gerencia General de Formación Profesional pone en vigencia el presente

material a partir de la fecha de su edición. Se agradece que los instructores y

especialistas del área, realicen una evaluación del mismo, a fin de incorporar las

correcciones pertinentes y garantizar su actualización.

Reproducción:

Gerencia de Servicios Generales

División de Servicios Auxiliares

Unidad de fotocopiado. (Sede)

INCE

Se prohíbe la reproducción total o parcial de esta publicación sin la previa

autorización del Instituto Nacional de Cooperación Educativa (I.N.C.E)

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