informe de resistencia de materiales ensayo de compresion a la probeta de aluminio (2)

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INFORME DE RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES ENSAYO DE COMPRESION A LA PROBETA DE ALUMINIO, ACERO 1045 Y BRONCE UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD SECCIONAL DUITAMA DUITAMA 2014

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pruebas de laboratorio con aluminio en una maquina universal de ensayos en la cual se somete el material a compresión

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INFORME DE RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES ENSAYO DE COMPRESION A LA PROBETA DE ALUMINIO, ACERO 1045 Y BRONCE

UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIAFACULTAD SECCIONAL DUITAMADUITAMA 2014

INFORME DE RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES ENSAYO DE COMPRESION A LA PROBETA DE ALUMINIO, ACERO 1045 Y BRONCE

UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIAFACULTAD SECCIONAL DUITAMAINGENIERIA ELECTROMECANICADUITAMA 2014

TABLA DE CONTENIDO

1. Objetivos ...11.1. Objetivo general.11.2 Objetivos especficos..11. Materiales 21. Descripcin de la prueba.. 41. Marco terico.. 61. Muestra de los clculos ... 91. Tablas de datos.. 126.1. Tabla de datos ledos y procesados del aluminio...126.2. Tabla de datos ledos y procesados del acero 1045.236.3. Tabla de datos ledos y procesados del bronce.341. Graficas ..417.1. Graficas del aluminio.417.2 Graficas del acero 1045.427.3 Graficas del bronce.441. Resultados .461. Conclusiones y recomendaciones .471. Bibliografa.48

1. OBJETIVOS

1.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL

Determinar las propiedades mecnicas del aluminio, bronce y del Acero 1045.

1.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS

Observar el comportamiento del aluminio, bronce y del Acero 1045 al someterlos a una carga de tensin en la maquina universal de ensayos. Comparar el alargamiento con respecto a la carga que se somete la probeta, al igual que la deformacin con respecto al esfuerzo; por medio de grficas y los clculos respectivos que ilustren el comportamiento y propiedades de las probetas. Determinar el punto pivote, punto de fluencia, punto de rotura, carga mxima y mdulo de rigidez y analizar los resultados.

2. MATERIALES Y EQUIPOS

Mquina Universal Hidrulica: En esta mquina se pueden realizar ensayos de traccin, compresin y flexin, para as determinar las propiedades mecnicas de muchos materiales. La mquina trabaja hidrulicamente, tiene sensores para as poder determinar con precisin las propiedades mecnicas de los materiales. Adems tambin est conectada a un computador con un software llamado trapezium, y de este modo realizar estas pruebas estableciendo previamente los parmetros del ensayo a realizar. En el computador tambin se muestran datos y graficas de la prueba.

Fig.1 Maquina de Prueba Universal Hidrulica Calibrador pie de rey: Es un instrumento utilizado para medir dimensiones de objetos relativamente pequeos, en este caso se us para medir los dimetros y longitudes requeridos para introducir estos datos al computador.

Probetas de Aluminio, bronce y de Acero 1045:

Las probetas tenan inicialmente las medidas que se muestran a continuacin.

Fig.2 Dimensiones de las probetas de acero 1045, bronce y aluminio

3. DESCRIPCIN DE LA PRUEBA

Inicialmente se tienen que medir las caractersticas de las probetas, en este caso nicamente la longitud y el dimetro. Luego se procede a montar cada probeta en la maquina universal de ensayos, de la forma que se muestra en la figura 3, una vez bien agarrada y acomodada sobre una superficie plana, se comienza a aplicarle carga gradualmente con una velocidad de 3 mm/min cada 0.2 segundos. Despus de unos minutos a lo que el computador haya obtenido los datos suficientes para calcular y analizar resultados, se detiene la mquina. Finalmente se desmonta la probeta y a simple vista se puede notar el acortamiento, aumento de grosor, torcedura y corte de la misma como se observa en la figura 4.

Fig.3 Montaje de las probetas en la maquina universal

Fig.4 Antes y despus de la prueba de compresin de la Probeta de: acero 1045, bronce y aluminio respectivamente Ya obtenidos los resultados de cada una de las pruebas se procedi al anlisis de cada uno de los datos, para obtener el valor del mdulo de rigidez de los materiales y dems propiedades mecnicas y la representacin grfica de los datos.4. MARCO TERICO

La mquina universal junto con el programa trapezium arroja nicamente los datos de carga en kilo Newton y de alargamiento en milmetros. Para analizar y encontrar las propiedades mecnicas de las probetas, se requiere encontrar otra serie de datos los cuales son y se calculan de la siguiente manera: Carga y alargamiento promediado: Se tomaron los datos que arrojo el programa trapezium y se le saco el promedio cada cinco datos para cada uno de los tems. Carga (Kgf): Como ya se tenan los datos de carga en kilo newton (KN) que arrojo el programa, lo que se hace es convertirla a kilogramos fuerza (kgf), para ello se aplica la siguiente frmula:

Alargamiento (cm): Al igual que la carga, la maquina arrojo los datos del alargamiento en milmetros (mm) y para una mejor interpretacin de los resultados se convierte a centmetros (cm).

Esfuerzo calculado (Kgf/cm^2): El esfuerzo calculado se halla dividiendo la carga en Kilogramos fuerza (Kgf) en el rea de la parte interior de la probeta dada en centmetros cuadrados (cm).

Dnde: Deformacin calculada (cm/cm): La deformacin calculada de las probetas es igual al alargamiento en centmetros sobre la longitud inicial en centmetros, de tal manera que:

Mdulo de Rigidez (E): Para hallarlo se debe efectuar una regresin lineal que se realiza observando la grfica esfuerzo vs deformacin y tomando dos puntos de la parte ms recta y hallar una ecuacin de la forma y = mx + b. Donde m es el mdulo de rigidez (E), el cual es la pendiente de la recta y b es la interseccin de la recta con el eje .

Tambin el mdulo de rigidez tiene que ser igual al cambio en el esfuerzo sobre el cambio en la deformacin.

Punto pivote, punto de fluencia y deformacin inicial: El punto pivote y el punto de fluencia son los puntos extremos en los cuales se intersecta la curva de esfuerzo deformacin con la recta cuya pendiente es el mdulo de rigidez E.

El punto de fluencia es el punto en el que aparece un considerable alargamiento del material sin el correspondiente aumento de carga.Para calcular este punto se debe tener en cuenta el lmite aparente de proporcionalidad al 0,2% (o a otro tanto por ciento), se aplica este concepto en aquellos materiales que no tienen un punto de fluencia bien definido, o que carecen de l, mediante un procedimiento de equiparacin con los que s lo tienen. Consiste en trazar una paralela a la tangente en el origen a la curva partiendo de un valor normalizado (equivalente a la deformacin en el lmite de proporcionalidad de otros materiales) que suele tomarse del 0,2%, la interseccin de esta recta con la curva esfuerzo-deformacin de fine el punto considerado.

El punto pivote es un punto gua, el cual se usa como referencia para hallar la deformacin corregida.

La deformacin inicial es el punto en el que la recta intersecta al eje.Cuando

Deformacin corregida (cm/cm): Es un mtodo para mejorar la grfica de esfuerzo vs deformacin, en donde los ejes coordenados se trasladan al punto . La unidad de la deformacin sigue siendo (cm/cm)

Para los datos menores o iguales al punto pivote Para los datos mayores o iguales al punto pivote

5. MUESTRA DE LOS CLCULOS

Probeta de aluminio: En el punto pivote se tiene una carga de y un alargamiento 0,4116.

1659,658919

=951,8235066=0,010774869El mdulo de rigidez E se hall por medio de la pendiente de la grfica de esfuerzo vs deformacin donde E=151225 y b= -699,84 =0,006294088En el punto de fluencia se tiene una carga de y un alargamiento .5560,652803

=3189,064927=0,027874346Cuando Probeta de acero 1045.En el punto pivote se tiene una carga de 40,375 y un alargamiento 0,7672.

4115,698267

=2360,375563=0,020189474El mdulo de rigidez E se hall por medio de la pendiente de la grfica de esfuerzo vs deformacin donde E=239409 y b= -2491,9. =0,00985918En el punto de fluencia se tiene una carga de y un alargamiento .11343,33945

=6505,467482=0,0396Cuando

Probeta de bronce.En el punto pivote se tiene una carga de 12,606252 y un alargamiento 0,4068.

1285,040979

=736,9780598=0,011069388El mdulo de rigidez E se hall por medio de la pendiente de la grfica de esfuerzo vs deformacin donde E=67945 y b= -5,3424. =0,010846686En el punto de fluencia se tiene una carga de y un alargamiento .4603,40265

=2640,076706=0,041034014Cuando

6. TABLAS DE DATOS

6.1 TABLA DE DATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL ALUMINIODATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL ALUMINIO

Carga (kgf)Alargamiento (cm)Esfuerzo calculado (Kgf/cm^2)Deformacin calculada (cm/cm)Deformacin corregida (cm/cm)

0,63710499500,36538321402,41616E-06

-2,548419980,0004-1,4615328560,000104712-9,66462E-06

-0,6371049950,00324-0,3653832140,000848168-2,41616E-06

51,605504590,0078429,596040340,0020523560,000195709

218,52701330,01292125,32644240,0033821990,000828742

459,35270130,01848263,44129740,0048376960,001742049

730,75942920,0244419,09454660,0063874350,002771331

1048,037920,03052601,05550410,0079895290,003974578

1357,0338430,03616778,2663630,0094659690,005146413

1659,6589190,04116951,82350660,0107748690,006294088

1968,0175330,0461128,6688650,0120418850,007414079

2288,4813460,0511312,4566220,0133507850,008722979

2615,3164120,0561499,8983280,0146596860,01003188

2957,123140,0611695,9263640,0159685860,01134078

3310,3979610,0661898,5314140,0172774870,012649681

3683,1041790,0712112,2804780,0185863870,013958581

4049,1208970,0762322,1930760,0198952880,015267482

4398,8917430,081082522,7885770,0212251310,016597325

4728,2748220,08622711,6915820,0225654450,017937639

5033,1296640,09122886,5275080,0238743460,019246539

5276,1853210,096283025,9212630,0252041880,020576382

5449,1592250,10143125,1227470,0265445030,021916696

5560,6528030,106483189,0649270,0278743460,023246539

5636,7867480,11163232,7281620,029214660,024586853

5691,2593270,11663263,9684860,030523560,025895754

5736,4935780,12163289,9105770,0318324610,027204654

5777,2685020,12663313,2952190,0331413610,028513555

5812,3092760,13163333,3912960,0344502620,029822456

5850,5353720,13663355,3141720,0357591620,031131356

5883,9834860,14163374,4968490,0370680630,032440257

5915,5202850,14663392,5833770,0383769630,033749157

5946,7382260,15163410,4870370,0396858640,035058058

5975,7264020,15663427,1119150,0409947640,036366958

6009,493170,16163446,4773430,0423036650,037675859

6040,0744140,16663464,0158540,0436125650,038984759

6069,699490,17163481,0059980,0449214660,04029366

6099,006320,17663497,8136260,0462303660,04160256

6129,9060140,18163515,534770,0475392670,042911461

6155,7088690,18663530,3328490,0488481680,044220361

6187,245260,19163548,4191420,0501570680,045529262

6218,4634050,19663566,322920,0514659690,046838162

6244,2662590,20163581,1209980,0527748690,048147063

6271,6617740,20663596,8324770,054083770,049455963

6301,9243630,21163614,1882380,055392670,050764864

6329,3198780,21663629,8997160,0567015710,052073764

6358,3078490,22163646,5244770,0580104710,053382665

6386,6595310,22663662,7843220,0593193720,054691565

6413,4177370,23163678,13030,0606282720,056000466

6440,4945970,23663693,6590280,0619371730,057309367

6468,2087670,24163709,5532570,0632460730,058618267

6491,4629970,24663722,8896860,0645549740,059927168

6517,9029560,25163738,0531470,0658638740,061236068

6543,7056070,25663752,8511090,0671727750,062544969

6570,7826710,26163768,3799540,0684816750,063853869

6597,8595310,26663783,9086820,0697905760,06516277

6621,4324160,27163797,4278610,0710994760,06647167

6646,5979610,27663811,860440,0724083770,067780571

6671,1266060,28163825,9277520,0737172770,069089471

6695,9739040,28663840,1778140,0750261780,070398372

6722,0950050,29163855,1584090,0763350790,071707272

6742,8010190,29663867,0334220,0776439790,073016173

6767,6483180,30163881,2834840,078952880,074325073

6788,3541280,30663893,158380,080261780,075633974

6812,245260,31163906,8600750,0815706810,076942874

6834,8623850,31663919,8311210,0828795810,078251775

6853,6572880,32163930,6101010,0841884820,079560675

6878,1857290,32663944,6772970,0854973820,080869576

6896,6619780,33163955,2735270,0868062830,082178476

6918,3235470,33663967,6965560,0881151830,083487377

6940,6222220,34163980,4849680,0894240840,084796278

6956,5496430,34663989,6194320,0907329840,086105178

6978,2112130,35164002,0424610,0920418850,087414079

6999,5541280,35664014,282740,0933507850,088722979

7020,5787970,36164026,3405030,0946596860,09003188

7037,1435270,36664035,8404670,0959685860,09134078

7057,5310910,37164047,5328470,0972774870,092649681

7079,5109070,37664060,1383920,0985863870,093958581

7095,1198780,38164069,0902220,0998952880,095267482

7117,1001020,38664081,6960020,1012041880,096576382

7132,0721710,39164090,2825660,1025130890,097885283

7147,3626910,39664099,0517630,103821990,099194183

7169,0242610,40164111,4747920,105130890,100503084

7187,1818550,40664121,8882720,1064397910,101811984

7201,5166160,41164130,1093360,1077486910,103120885

7222,8597350,41664142,3497320,1090575920,104429785

7238,7871560,42164151,4841960,1103664920,105738686

7260,4487260,42664163,9072250,1116753930,107047586

7274,4650360,43164171,9456560,1129842930,108356487

7291,3482160,43664181,6282520,1142931940,109665387

7306,957390,44164190,58020,1156020940,110974288

7324,1594290,44664200,4456630,1169109950,112283189

7338,8128440,45164208,8494770,1182198950,113592089

7355,377370,45664218,3493240,1195287960,11490099

7370,0307850,46164226,7531380,1208376960,11620989

7387,8697250,46664236,9838680,1221465970,117518791

7404,1160040,47164246,3011980,1234554970,118827691

7421,9549440,47664256,5319280,1247643980,120136592

7435,6525990,48164264,3876090,1260732980,121445492

7451,8986750,48664273,7048220,1273821990,122754393

7466,2336390,49164281,9260030,1286910990,124063293

7480,8870540,49664290,3298170,130,125372194

7493,9476040,50164297,8201150,1313089010,126681094

7511,7867480,50664308,0509610,1326178010,127989995

7530,2627930,51164318,6470750,1339267020,129298895

7541,7308870,51664325,2240890,1352356020,130607796

7557,9767580,52164334,5411860,1365445030,131916696

7571,3559630,52664342,2142330,1378534030,133225597

7585,6909280,53164350,4354140,1391623040,134534497

7600,3445460,53664358,8393450,1404712040,135843398

7614,3604490,54164366,8775420,1417801050,137152298

7629,6511720,54664375,6468560,1430890050,138461199

7645,2603470,55164384,5988030,1443979060,1397701

7659,9135580,55664393,00250,1457068060,141079

7678,3896020,56164403,5986130,1470157070,142387901

7691,4501530,56664411,0889110,1483246070,143696801

7706,7408770,57164419,8582250,1496335080,145005702

7726,1726810,57664431,0024710,1509424080,146314602

7739,5516820,58164438,6754020,1522513090,147623503

7754,2050970,58664447,0792160,1535602090,148932403

7770,1327220,59164456,2137960,154869110,150241304

7787,0161060,59664465,896510,156178010,151550204

7798,802650,60164472,6561580,1574869110,152859105

7814,7298670,60664481,7905040,1587958120,154168005

7830,3392460,61164490,7425680,1601047120,155476906

7846,9039760,61664500,2425320,1614136130,156785806

7860,6016310,62164508,0982130,1627225130,158094707

7877,1665650,62664517,5982930,1640314140,159403607

7888,9531090,63164524,3579410,1653403140,160712508

7904,2434250,63664533,1270210,1666492150,162021408

7917,9410810,64164540,9827020,1679581150,163330309

7934,505810,64664550,4826660,1692670160,164639209

7947,8850150,65164558,1557130,1705759160,16594811

7960,945770,65664565,6461270,1718848170,167257011

7981,3331290,66164577,338390,1731937170,168565911

7996,94210,66664586,2902210,1745026180,169874812

8008,409990,67164592,8671180,1758115180,171183712

8027,2046890,67664603,6459820,1771204190,172492613

8045,680530,68164614,2419780,1784293190,173801513

8063,2012230,68664624,2901920,179738220,175110414

8075,9431190,69164631,5977390,181047120,176419314

8092,1893990,69664640,9150690,1823560210,177728215

8108,1170230,70164650,049650,1836649210,179037115

8124,6815490,70664659,5494960,1849738220,180346016

8141,8833840,71164669,4148430,1862827230,181654916

8158,7669720,71664679,0976740,1875916230,182963817

8175,3317020,72164688,5976370,1889005240,184272717

8190,3035680,72664697,1840840,1902094240,185581618

8207,5054030,73164707,0494310,1915183250,186890518

8222,7959230,73664715,8186280,1928272250,188199419

8233,6265040,74164722,0300260,1941361260,189508319

8248,9172270,74664730,799340,1954450260,19081722

8268,0303770,75164741,7608370,1967539270,19212612

8281,4093780,75664749,4337670,1980628270,193435021

8298,6114170,76164759,2992310,1993717280,194743921

8315,4945970,76664768,9818280,2006806280,196052822

8332,6966360,77164778,8472910,2019895290,197361723

8349,5798170,77664788,5298880,2032984290,198670623

8366,4629970,78164798,2124850,204607330,199979524

8384,3021410,78664808,4433320,205916230,201288424

8400,8666670,79164817,9431780,2072251310,202597325

8415,5200820,79664826,3469920,2085340310,203906225

8438,4560650,80164839,5009050,2098429320,205215126

8458,8432210,80664851,1930510,2111518320,206524026

8471,2666670,81164858,3179650,2124607330,207832927

8485,6016310,81664866,5391460,2137696340,209141827

8501,2108050,82164875,4910930,2150785340,210450728

8514,9084610,82664883,3467740,2163874350,211759628

8535,6144750,83164895,2217870,2176963350,213068529

8552,4976550,83664904,9043830,2190052360,214377429

8570,6550460,84164915,3177460,2203141360,21568633

8590,7239550,84664926,8273760,2216230370,21699523

8607,2888890,85164936,3274570,2229319370,218304131

8624,4903160,85664946,1925690,2242408380,219613031

8643,2852190,86164956,971550,2255497380,220921932

8659,5312950,86664966,2887630,2268586390,222230832

8678,9628950,87164977,4328930,2281675390,223539733

8694,890520,87664986,5674730,229476440,224848634

8711,4554540,88164996,0675540,230785340,226157534

8733,7539250,88665008,8558490,2320942410,227466435

8751,5930680,89165019,0866960,2334031410,228775335

8765,9278290,89665027,307760,2347120420,230084236

8784,7223240,90165038,0865060,2360209420,231393136

8803,8354740,90665049,0480030,2373298430,232702037

8823,5859330,91165060,3749990,2386387430,234010937

8842,0617740,91665070,9709960,2399476440,235319838

8859,5820590,92165081,0189750,2412565450,236628738

8879,3325180,92665092,3459720,2425654450,237937639

8899,4014270,93165103,8556020,2438743460,239246539

8915,6475030,93665113,1728150,2451832460,24055544

8936,6721710,94165125,2305780,2464921470,24186434

8952,9182470,946645134,5477920,2478115180,243183712

8974,8982670,95165147,1534540,2491099480,244482141

8994,6487260,95665158,4804510,2504188480,245791042

9012,1688070,96165168,5283140,2517277490,247099942

9028,0966360,96665177,6630110,2530366490,248408843

9046,8911310,971685188,4417570,2543664920,249738686

9068,5529050,97665200,8649040,255654450,251026644

9086,3916410,98165211,0955170,2569633510,252335545

9108,3716620,986645223,7011790,2582827230,253654916

9129,7147810,99165235,9415750,2595811520,254953346

9147,5539250,99665246,1724220,2608900520,256262246

9164,1184511,00165255,6722690,2621989530,257571147

9185,7802241,00665268,0954150,2635078530,258880047

9203,9376151,01165278,5087780,2648167540,260188948

9223,3692151,016645289,6529080,2661361260,261508319

9243,437921,021645301,162420,2674450260,26281722

9265,7365951,02665313,9508330,2687434550,264115649

9281,6644241,03165323,085530,2700523560,26542455

9303,3259941,036645335,508560,2713717280,266743921

9321,1649341,041645345,739290,2726806280,268052822

9340,9151891,04665357,0661690,2739790580,269351251

9363,8509681,05165370,2199650,2752879580,270660152

9382,0085631,056685380,6334450,2766178010,271989995

9404,3070341,06165393,421740,2779057590,273277953

9424,0572881,06665404,748620,279214660,274586853

9444,1259941,071645416,2581330,2805340310,275906225

9467,6988791,076645429,7773120,2818429320,277215126

9485,5380221,081725440,0081590,2831727750,278544969

9503,6954131,086645450,4215220,2844607330,279832927

9523,4458721,09165461,7485180,2857591620,281131356

9546,6998981,09665475,084830,2870680630,282440257

9564,5390421,101685485,3156770,2883979060,2837701

9583,9706421,106645496,4598070,2896963350,285068529

9606,9064221,111725509,6136030,2910261780,286398372

9630,4793071,11665523,1327820,2923036650,287675859

9650,2295621,12165534,4596610,2936125650,288984759

9673,4839961,126685547,7962070,2949424080,290314602

9694,5084611,131645559,8538530,2962408380,291613031

9715,8513761,136645572,0941320,2975497380,292921932

9737,513151,141645584,5172780,2988586390,294230832

9758,218961,146725596,3921740,3001884820,295560675

9778,606321,151725608,0844370,3014973820,296869576

9798,9934761,15665619,7765830,3027748690,298147063

9817,4697251,161645630,3728130,3040942410,299466435

9840,086851,16685643,3438590,3054450260,30081722

9862,7041791,17165656,3150220,3067015710,302073764

9883,409991,17665668,1899180,3080104710,303382665

9905,7086651,181765680,978330,3093612570,30473345

9927,0517841,186685693,2187260,3106492150,306021408

9948,3946991,191685705,4590050,3119581150,307330309

9971,6491341,196645718,7955510,3132565450,308628738

9991,7178391,201685730,3050640,3145759160,30994811

10014,016511,206765743,0934760,3159057590,311277953

10034,404081,211725754,7858560,3172041880,312576382

10059,250761,216725769,0355680,3185130890,313885283

10077,408361,221765779,4490480,3198324610,315204654

10099,070131,226685791,8721940,3211204190,316492613

10122,005911,231685805,025990,3224293190,317801513

10145,578591,236765818,5450520,3237591620,319131356

10167,240371,241725830,9681980,3250575920,320429785

10189,539041,246685843,756610,3263560210,321728215

10209,290521,251685855,0841920,3276649210,323037115

10232,544341,256725868,4203870,3289842930,324356487

10255,798171,261725881,7565820,3302931940,325665387

10278,413861,26685894,7268090,3316230370,32699523

10300,71561,271645907,5169750,3328900520,328262246

10323,015291,276765920,3059720,3342303660,32960256

10346,587161,28185933,8245660,3355497380,330921932

10368,886851,286725946,6135640,3368376960,33220989

10391,502551,291765959,5837910,3381570680,333529262

10411,889911,296765971,2760540,3394659690,334838162

10433,551481,301685983,6990830,3407539270,33612612

10455,215091,306765996,1232810,342083770,337455963

10481,969421,31186011,4670380,3434031410,338775335

10505,545361,31686024,9879710,3447120420,340084236

10529,435271,321766038,6889640,3460104710,341382665

10552,687051,326766052,023990,3473193720,342691565

10573,39451,331766063,8998210,3486282720,344000466

10596,012231,336726076,8712180,3499267020,345298895

10620,544341,34186090,9405180,3512565450,346628738

10642,519881,34686103,5436080,3525654450,347937639

10664,501531,351726116,1502060,3538534030,349225597

10687,437311,356726129,3040010,3551623040,350534497

10711,329261,36186143,0061640,3564921470,35186434

10733,626911,36686155,7939920,3578010470,353173241

10758,475031,37186170,0445220,3591099480,354482141

10783,957191,376766184,6586810,3604083770,355780571

10805,618761,381726197,0817110,3617068060,357079

10827,28441,38686209,5070780,3630366490,358408843

10853,086651,39186224,3048060,364345550,359717743

10877,932721,396726238,5541670,3656335080,361005702

10900,866461,40186251,7067940,3669633510,362335545

10921,253821,406766263,3990560,368261780,363633974

10948,332311,411766278,928720,3695706810,364942874

10971,268091,416766292,0825160,3708795810,366251775

10992,929661,42186304,5055450,3721989530,367571147

11014,911311,42686317,1121430,3735078530,368880047

11041,987771,43186332,6406370,3748167540,370188948

11065,559631,43686346,1592310,3761256540,371497848

11091,045871,44186360,7757290,3774345550,372806749

11117,802241,44686376,1206550,3787434550,374115649

11137,871561,45186387,6305180,3800523560,37542455

11165,586141,45686403,5249810,3813612570,37673345

11186,291541,46186415,3996430,3826701570,378042351

11212,729871,46686430,5621690,3839790580,379351251

11235,985731,47186443,8995330,3852879580,380660152

11260,513761,47686457,9664950,3865968590,381969052

11281,855251,48186470,2059560,3879057590,383277953

11305,749241,48686483,9092880,389214660,384586853

11332,503571,49186499,2530440,390523560,385895754

11357,991851,49686513,8707110,3918324610,387204654

11385,06831,50186529,3992050,3931413610,388513555

11407,6841,50686542,3694330,3944502620,389822456

11430,619781,51186555,5232280,3957591620,391131356

11458,332311,51686571,4165210,3970680630,392440257

11485,092761,52186586,7637850,3983769630,393749157

11507,392461,52686599,5527830,3996858640,395058058

11534,468911,53186615,0812770,4009947640,396366958

11558,042811,53686628,601040,4023036650,397675859

11584,481141,54186643,7635670,4036125650,398984759

11609,327221,54686658,0129280,4049214660,40029366

11632,2631,55186671,1667230,4062303660,40160256

11657,74721,55686685,7820520,4075392670,402911461

11681,959231,56186699,6677830,4088481680,404220361

11709,353721,56686715,3786770,4101570680,405529262

11734,203871,57186729,6303760,4114659690,406838162

11762,55251,57686745,8884680,4127748690,408147063

11788,672781,58186760,8685950,414083770,409455963

11815,433231,58686776,2158590,415392670,410764864

11842,827731,59186791,9267530,4167015710,412073764

11867,039761,59686805,8124840,4180104710,413382665

11893,160041,60186820,7926110,4193193720,414691565

11917,688071,60686834,8595720,4206282720,416000466

11947,951071,61186852,2155670,4219371730,417309367

11969,612641,61686864,6385970,4232460730,418618267

11999,555561,62186881,8110230,4245549740,419927168

12023,127421,62686895,3296170,4258638740,421236068

12047,975541,63186909,5801470,4271727750,422544969

12073,777781,63686924,3778750,4284816750,423853869

12102,130481,64186940,6383050,4297905760,42516277

12128,568811,64686955,8008320,4310994760,42647167

12156,601431,65186971,8776930,4324083770,427780571

12183,997961,65686987,5897560,4337172770,429089471

12211,392461,66187003,300650,4350261780,430398372

12237,19471,66687018,0983770,4363350790,431707272

12271,598371,67187037,8290710,4376439790,433016173

12290,395511,67687048,6093370,438952880,434325073

12316,19981,68187063,4082340,440261780,435633974

12341,361881,68687077,8388250,4415706810,436942874

12370,030581,69187094,2804850,4428795810,438251775

12401,249751,69687112,1848470,4441884820,439560675

12428,964321,70187128,079310,4454973820,440869576

12456,996941,70687144,1561710,4468062830,442178476

12485,983691,71187160,780230,4481151830,443487377

12516,566771,71687178,3197940,4494240840,444796278

12550,014271,72187197,502120,4507329840,446105178

12571,675841,72687209,9251490,4520418850,447414079

12603,851171,73187228,3778790,4533507850,448722979

12628,697251,73687242,6272390,4546596860,45003188

12655,45771,74187257,9745040,4559685860,45134078

12683,804281,74687274,2314260,4572774870,452649681

12711,200821,75187289,9434890,4585863870,453958581

12741,783891,75687307,4830520,4598952880,455267482

12769,496431,76187323,3763450,4612041880,456576382

12801,989811,76687342,0114740,4625130890,457885283

12830,978591,77187358,6367020,463821990,459194183

12865,38431,77687378,3685650,465130890,460503084

12896,279311,78187396,087020,4664397910,461811984

12920,491341,78687409,9727510,4677486910,463120885

12951,71051,79187427,8771140,4690575920,464429785

12983,245671,79687445,9627060,4703664920,465738686

13012,232421,80187462,5867650,4716753930,467047586

13040,585121,80687478,8471950,4729842930,468356487

13068,61571,81187494,9228870,4742931940,469665387

13100,152911,81687513,0096490,4756020940,470974288

13132,328241,82187531,4623780,4769109950,472283189

13163,86341,82687549,547970,4782198950,473592089

13194,12641,83187566,9039650,4795287960,47490099

13228,532111,83687586,6358280,4808376960,47620989

13261,661571,84187605,6357550,4821465970,477518791

13293,196741,84687623,7213470,4834554970,478827691

13325,692151,85187642,3576450,4847643980,480136592

13355,635071,85687659,5300710,4860732980,481445492

13389,080531,86187678,7112290,4873821990,482754393

13424,122321,86687698,807890,4886910990,484063293

13453,109071,87187715,4319490,490,485372194

13481,463811,87687731,6935480,4913089010,486681094

13512,996941,88187749,7779710,4926178010,487989995

13547,402651,88687769,5098340,4939267020,489298895

13582,440371,89187789,6041570,4952356020,490607796

13618,122321,89687810,0679560,4965445030,491916696

13651,885831,90187829,4315120,4978534030,493225597

13685,657491,90687848,7997450,4991623040,494534497

13722,60551,91187869,9896330,5004712040,495843398

13757,327221,91687889,9027260,5017801050,497152298

13793,00511,92187910,3641860,5030890050,498461199

13825,816511,92687929,1817140,5043979060,4997701

13861,176351,93187949,4607750,5057068060,501079

13893,669721,93687968,0959030,5070157070,502387901

13928,38941,94187988,0078270,5083246070,503696801

13959,608561,94688005,9121890,5096335080,505005702

13997,516821,95188027,6527830,5109424080,506314602

14036,061161,95688049,7581750,5122513090,507623503

14072,695211,96188070,7680020,5135602090,508932403

14108,373091,96688091,2294620,514869110,510241304

14145,327221,97188112,4228580,516178010,511550204

14188,010191,97688136,9017790,5174869110,512859105

14224,32621,98188157,7292070,5187958120,514168005

14260,322121,98688178,3730660,5201047120,515476906

14302,050971,99188202,304790,5214136130,516785806

14340,279311,99688224,2289520,5227225130,518094707

14374,685022,00188243,9608150,5240314140,519403607

14410,67892,00688264,6035050,5253403140,520712508

14449,541282,01188286,8912960,5266492150,522021408

14488,087672,01688308,9978580,5279581150,523330309

14528,22632,02188332,0175850,5292670160,524639209

14566,450562,02688353,9394080,5305759160,52594811

14605,953112,03188376,5943370,5318848170,527257011

14649,272172,03688401,4380570,5331937170,528565911

14689,092762,04188424,2753850,5345026180,529874812

14728,595312,04688446,9303130,5358115180,531183712

14771,280332,05188471,4104040,5371204190,532492613

14809,186542,05688493,1498280,5384293190,533801513

14852,83182,06188518,1806250,539738220,535110414

14891,056072,06688540,1024480,541047120,536419314

14929,920492,07188562,3914090,5423560210,537728215

14975,153922,07688588,3330320,5436649210,539037115

15017,52092,08188612,6307240,5449738220,540346016

15061,162082,08688637,6591820,5462827230,541654916

15103,849132,09188662,1404420,5475916230,542963817

15148,764532,09688687,8996660,5489005240,544272717

151942,10188713,8424590,5502094240,545581618

15241,463812,10688741,0632160,5515183250,546890518

15284,784912,11188765,9081050,5528272250,548199419

15317,594292,11538784,7244640,5537434550,549115649

6.2 TABLA DE DATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL ACERO 1045DATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL ACERO 1045

Carga (kgf)Alargamiento (cm)Esfuerzo calculado (Kgf/cm^2)Deformacin calculada (cm/cm)Deformacin corregida (cm/cm)

-1,9113149850-1,0961496420-4,5786E-06

-0,9556574920-0,5480748210-2,2893E-06

-2,8669724770-1,6442244640-6,8678E-06

-1,9113149850,0002-1,0961496425,26316E-05-4,5786E-06

-1,5927624870,001-0,9134580350,000263158-3,8155E-06

-2,548419980,00216-1,4615328560,000568421-6,1048E-06

-1,9113149850,00364-1,0961496420,000957895-4,5786E-06

-0,6371049950,00528-0,3653832140,001389474-1,5262E-06

-2,548419980,00692-1,4615328560,001821053-6,1048E-06

00,0086400,0022736840

-1,9113149850,01032-1,0961496420,002715789-4,5786E-06

5,0968399590,011962,9230657130,0031473681,22095E-05

36,95208970,0135621,192226420,0035684218,85189E-05

93,972986750,0152453,894024080,0040105260,000225113

165,64729870,0170494,999635670,0044842110,000396809

245,60397550,019140,8552290,0050,000588346

332,88735980,02084190,91272940,0054842110,000797433

414,75535170,0228237,86447240,0060,000993549

491,20795110,0248281,71045810,0065263160,001176691

570,84607540,0268327,38335980,0070526320,001367465

648,57288480,0288371,9601120,0075789470,00155366

729,80377170,0308418,54647180,0081052630,001748249

818,04281350,03264469,15204690,0085894740,001959626

910,10448520,0346521,94992140,0091052630,00218016

1016,8195720,0366583,15160970,0096315790,002435797

1124,808970,0386645,0841230,0101578950,002694486

1226,745770,04036703,54543720,0106210530,002938676

1327,0899080,04208761,09335190,0110736840,003179051

1426,7969420,04368818,27588340,0114947370,003417899

1525,5482160,04532874,91028160,0119263160,003654459

1636,0858310,04692938,30421080,0123473680,003919252

1744,7123340,048561000,6021070,0127789470,004179467

1854,2943930,05021063,448020,0132105260,004441972

1968,3361880,05181128,8516150,0136315790,004715159

2087,1561670,053441196,9955260,0140631580,004999793

2207,8876660,055081266,2357040,0144947370,005289006

2329,2560650,056721335,8411480,0149263160,005579745

2457,9512740,05841409,6485570,0153684210,005888035

2586,6464830,060081483,4559660,0158105260,006196325

2719,1643220,061721559,4556750,0162421050,006513772

2856,1418960,06341638,0130660,0166842110,006841903

2998,534760,065081719,6761560,0171263160,007183005

3142,8391440,066721802,4355120,0175578950,007528687

3293,5145770,06841888,8487010,0180,007889631

3449,6053010,070081978,3675880,0184421050,008263547

3608,5628950,071722069,5306420,0188736840,008644331

3772,6173290,07342163,6167610,0193157890,009037324

3941,4501530,075082260,4433130,0197578950,009441764

4115,6982670,076722360,3755630,0201894740,009859176

4288,6725790,07842459,5772810,0206315790,010223032

4466,7433230,080082561,7018310,0210736840,010665137

4647,0440370,081722665,1052810,0215052630,011096716

4834,3527010,08342772,5278290,0219473680,011538821

5011,1496430,085082873,9218460,0223894740,011980927

5196,5471970,086762980,2483610,0228315790,012423032

5376,529460,088443083,4691780,0232736840,012865137

5553,325790,090123184,8628440,0237157890,013307242

5727,2554540,09183284,6124620,0241578950,013749348

5900,8668710,093483384,1795630,02460,014191453

6073,8405710,095123483,380930,0250315790,014623032

6252,2301730,09683585,6883470,0254736840,015065137

6433,8048930,098483689,8224460,0259157890,015507242

6614,7429150,100123793,5913960,0263473680,015938821

6806,8301730,10183903,7544930,0267894740,016380927

6997,6430170,103484013,1867080,0272315790,016823032

7192,2782870,105124124,8111040,0276631580,017254611

7383,0915390,10684234,2435520,0281052630,017696716

7574,5414880,108484344,041150,0285473680,018138821

7763,1247710,11024452,1946980,0290,018591453

7952,6632010,111884560,8960290,0294421050,019033558

8140,6093780,113524668,6841940,0298736840,019465137

8336,8377170,11524781,2222240,0303157890,019907242

8525,1021410,116884889,1929050,0307578950,020349348

8718,7820590,118525000,2694020,0311894740,020780927

8901,6309890,12025105,1342680,0316315790,021223032

9079,7021410,121885207,2590510,0320736840,021665137

9249,490520,123565304,6336190,0325157890,022107242

9423,419980,125285404,383120,0329684210,022559874

9582,6966360,126925495,7291570,03340,022991453

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16771,153920,64369618,3488980,1693684210,158959874

16772,42610,645289619,0784950,1698105260,159401979

16776,886850,646929621,6367620,1702421050,159833558

16782,939860,64869625,1081950,1706842110,160275664

16785,488280,650289626,5697280,1711263160,160717769

16782,937820,6529625,1070260,1715789470,1611704

16783,25790,653689625,2905940,1720210530,161612506

16783,255860,655329625,2894250,1724526320,162044085

16787,082570,6579627,4840630,1728947370,16248619

16784,852190,658689626,2049290,1733368420,162928295

16794,407750,660369631,6850930,1737789470,1633704

16794,407750,662089631,6850930,1742315790,163823032

16799,506630,663729634,6093280,1746631580,164254611

16802,371050,665449636,252090,1751157890,164707242

16802,689090,667129636,434490,1755578950,165149348

16804,601430,668769637,5312240,1759894740,165580927

16810,016310,670489640,6366890,1764421050,166033558

16814,795110,672129643,3773550,1768736840,166465137

16812,564730,673889642,0982220,1773368420,166928295

16812,674140,67529642,160970,1776842110,167275664

6.3 TABLA DE DATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL BRONCEDATOS LEIDOS Y PROCESADOS DEL BRONCE

Carga (kgf)Alargamiento (cm)Esfuerzo calculado (Kgf/cm^2)Deformacin calculada (cm/cm)Deformacin corregida (cm/cm)

0,95565749200,54807482108,06645E-06

1,5927624870,000280,9134580357,61905E-051,34441E-05

27,714067280,0026415,894169810,0007183670,000233927

136,02191640,0072478,009316210,0019700680,001148124

285,74159020,01264163,87437150,0034394560,002411868

452,98165140,01816259,78746520,0049414970,003823496

655,26248730,02384375,79663570,0064870750,005530895

869,32976550,02956498,56539570,0080435370,007337779

1091,0427120,0354625,7189880,0096326530,009209198

1285,0409790,04068736,97805980,0110693880,010846686

1465,9790010,0458840,74700950,0124625850,012383957

1635,1300710,05064937,75607750,0137795920,013700964

1795,6807340,05561029,8327640,0151292520,015050623

1955,5940880,06061121,5439510,0164897960,016411168

2111,0477060,06561210,6974550,017850340,017771712

2264,2713560,07061298,572060,0192108840,019132256

2419,0880730,07561387,3602980,0205714290,0204928

2575,8156980,08061477,2444520,0219319730,021853344

2742,4185520,08561572,7921040,0232925170,023213889

2906,7918450,09061667,061090,0246530610,024574433

3074,9875640,09561763,5222580,0260136050,025934977

3241,2719670,10061858,8872770,027374150,027295521

3398,6369010,10561949,1369310,0287346940,028656066

3575,1149850,11062050,3480810,0300952380,03001661

3746,4962280,11562148,6361660,0314557820,031377154

3913,0990830,12062244,1838180,0328163270,032737698

4052,6250760,12562324,2027420,0341768710,034098242

4175,9049950,13062394,9044520,0355374150,035458787

4292,4950050,135642461,7694640,0369088440,036830215

4403,3514780,14082525,346260,0383129250,038234297

4505,6065240,14582583,990090,0396734690,039594841

4603,402650,15082640,0767060,0410340140,040955385

4694,1898060,15582692,1436390,0423945580,04231593

4780,8360860,16082741,8357560,0437551020,043676474

4862,0668710,16582788,4220570,0451156460,045037018

4939,1565750,17082832,6334260,046476190,046397562

5014,9722730,17582876,1141450,0478367350,047758106

5086,3280330,18082917,0370650,0491972790,049118651

5151,3127420,18582954,3061530,0505578230,050479195

5212,1563710,190842989,2003090,0519292520,051850623

5269,8140670,19583022,2673140,0532789120,053200283

5326,1979610,200963054,6037870,0546829930,054604365

5378,7592250,205923084,7479610,0560326530,055954025

5431,0018350,210843114,7093840,0573714290,0572928

5480,0589190,215923142,8438920,0587537410,058675113

5525,6118250,2213168,9687330,0601360540,060057426

5572,1204890,225883195,6417080,0614639460,061385317

5619,9033640,2313223,0454490,0628571430,062778515

5666,7306830,235963249,9011730,0642068030,064128174

5710,0536190,2413274,7471150,0655782310,065499603

5748,2801220,245923296,6702250,0669170070,066838379

5791,2846080,2513321,3335330,068299320,068220691

5833,0150870,2563345,2661920,0696598640,069581236

5874,4269110,260843369,0161010,0709768710,070898242

5917,4313970,2663393,679410,0723809520,072302324

5955,0205910,2713415,2370190,0737414970,073662868

5994,5208970,2763437,8906620,0751020410,075023413

6035,2960240,280963461,2754210,0764517010,076373072

6072,2481140,285923482,4676480,0778013610,077722732

6113,3412840,2913506,0348060,0791836730,079105045

6151,8860350,2963528,1404320,0805442180,080465589

6187,2454640,3013548,4192590,0819047620,081826134

6226,4273190,305963570,8902680,0832544220,083175793

6260,5123340,3113590,4382120,084625850,084547222

6296,5088690,3163611,0824220,0859863950,085907766

6336,0093780,320963633,7361810,0873360540,087257426

6372,3243630,3263654,5630250,0887074830,088628855

6407,6837920,3313674,8418510,0900680270,089989399

6443,9987770,3363695,6686950,0914285710,091349943

6481,9064220,340883717,4089370,0927564630,092677834

6520,4513760,3463739,514680,094149660,094071032

6557,0846080,3513760,524040,0955102040,095431576

6596,9037720,3563783,3605490,0968707480,09679212

6631,3076450,3613803,091360,0982312930,098152664

6666,6670740,3663823,3701860,0995918370,099513208

6704,2560650,3713844,9276790,1009523810,100873753

6739,9341490,3763865,3892560,1023129250,102234297

6780,7088690,3813888,7737820,1036734690,103594841

6814,793680,3863908,3216080,1050340140,104955385

6849,5162080,3913928,2351690,1063945580,10631593

6888,6980630,3963950,7061780,1077551020,107676474

6923,4201830,4013970,6195050,1091156460,109037018

6962,2835880,4063992,9078810,110476190,110397562

6996,0499490,4114012,2730740,1118367350,111758106

7036,8248730,4164035,6577170,1131972790,113118651

7071,5469930,4214055,5710440,1145578230,114479195

7107,8619780,4264076,3978870,1159183670,115839739

7143,5400610,4314096,8594640,1172789120,117200283

7181,4477060,4364118,5997060,1186394560,118560827

7227,0010190,4414144,7247820,120,119921372

7258,8558610,4464162,9937080,1213605440,121281916

7296,445260,4514184,5514350,1227210880,12264246

7331,8044850,4564204,8301450,1240816330,124003004

7366,2083590,4614224,5609550,1254421770,125363549

7403,797350,4664246,1184480,1268027210,126724093

7442,3423040,4714268,2241910,1281632650,128084637

7478,9757390,4764289,2336670,129523810,129445181

7514,3351680,4814309,5124940,1308843540,130805725

7549,3757390,4864329,6084540,1322448980,13216627

7584,0980630,4914349,5218980,1336054420,133526814

7623,2801220,4964371,9930240,1349659860,134887358

7660,8693170,5014393,5506340,1363265310,136247902

7697,8214070,5064414,742860,1376870750,137608447

7736,3663610,5114436,8486030,1390476190,138968991

7773,3182470,5164458,0407120,1404081630,140329535

7808,3592250,5214478,1369060,1417687070,141690079

7844,9926610,5264499,1463820,1431292520,143050623

7886,7229360,5314523,0789240,1444897960,144411168

7924,9492350,5364545,0019170,145850340,145771712

7963,8128440,5414567,290410,1472108840,147132256

7999,490520,5464587,7517530,1485714290,1484928

8039,6281350,5514610,7708960,1499319730,149853344

8077,8544340,5564632,6938890,1512925170,151213889

8120,5404690,5614657,1745640,1526530610,152574433

8155,2629970,5664677,0881250,1540136050,153934977

8195,0817530,5714699,92440,155374150,155295521

8231,3967380,5764720,7512430,1567346940,156656066

8269,6232420,5814742,6743530,1580952380,15801661

8305,9380220,5864763,5010790,1594557820,159377154

8344,4829770,5914785,6068220,1608163270,160737698

8381,7535170,5964806,9816820,1621768710,162098242

8421,8911310,6014830,0008240,1635374150,163458787

8460,7545360,6064852,28920,1648979590,164819331

8500,8921510,6114875,3083430,1662585030,166179875

8539,4369010,6164897,4139690,1676190480,167540419

8578,3003060,6214919,7023450,1689795920,168900964

8618,7565750,6264942,9042370,1703401360,170261508

8659,2128440,6314966,106130,171700680,171622052

8698,0762490,6364988,3945060,1730612240,172982596

8737,8954130,6415011,2310150,1744217690,17434314

8776,7588180,6465033,5193920,1757823130,175703685

8815,6220180,6515055,8076510,1771428570,177064229

8856,0782870,6565079,0095430,1785034010,178424773

8897,1716620,6615102,5768190,1798639460,179785317

8938,2648320,6665126,1439780,181224490,181145861

8977,1282360,6715148,4323540,1825850340,182506406

9015,6731910,6765170,5380970,1839455780,18386695

9056,4477060,6815193,9225060,1853061220,185227494

9092,4442410,6865214,5667160,1866666670,186588038

9127,8034660,6915234,8454260,1880272110,187948583

9173,037920,6965260,7876340,1893877550,189309127

9212,8568810,7015283,6240260,1907482990,190669671

9256,4986750,7065308,6528350,1921088440,192030215

9297,2733940,7115332,0373610,1934693880,193390759

9336,7739040,7165354,691120,1948299320,194751304

9379,1412840,7215378,9890450,1961904760,196111848

9417,3677880,7265400,9121550,197551020,197472392

9460,3722730,7315425,5754630,1989115650,198832936

9500,1914370,7365448,4119730,2002721090,200193481

9541,9219160,7415472,3446320,2016326530,201554025

9584,9261980,7465497,0078230,2029931970,202914569

9623,4713560,7515519,1136830,2043537410,204275113

9668,0687050,7565544,6905080,2057142860,205635657

9711,7102960,7615569,71920,207074830,206996202

9752,1663610,7665592,9209750,2084353740,208356746

9794,5339450,7715617,2190180,2097959180,20971729

9831,8044850,7765638,5938770,2111564630,211077834

9877,3575940,7815664,7188350,2125170070,212438379

9923,2291540,7865691,0264270,2138775510,213798923

9964,9594290,7915714,9589690,2152380950,215159467

10007,964120,7965739,6223940,2165986390,216520011

10046,190210,8015761,545270,2179591840,217880555

10092,061980,8065787,8529790,2193197280,2192411

10132,836490,8115811,2373870,2206802720,220601644

10173,610810,8165834,6216790,2220408160,221962188

10219,804280,8215861,1138910,2234013610,223322732

10263,443430,8265886,141180,2247619050,224683276

10305,494390,8315910,2576410,2261224490,226043821

10348,179410,8365934,7377320,2274829930,227404365

10387,363910,8415957,2102610,2288435370,228764909

10433,869520,8465983,8814820,2302040820,230125453

10474,962280,8516007,4484070,2315646260,231485998

10523,700310,8566035,3999310,232925170,232846542

10566,387360,8616059,8811910,2342857140,234207086

10611,940880,865966086,0063830,2356353740,235556746

10651,441390,8716108,6601420,2370068030,236928174

10695,404690,8766133,8733380,2383673470,238288719

10739,677880,8816159,2642560,2397278910,239649263

10785,551480,8866185,5730160,2410884350,241009807

10828,874620,8916210,4190750,242448980,242370351

10871,241590,8966234,7167660,2438095240,243730896

10913,930680,9016259,1991960,2451700680,24509144

10957,889910,9066284,4100530,2465306120,246451984

11000,574920,9116308,8901430,2478911560,247812528

11045,806320,9166334,8305980,2492517010,249173072

11088,813460,9216359,4954260,2506122450,250533617

11135,641180,9266386,3513850,2519727890,251894161

11173,867480,9316408,2743780,2533333330,253254705

11220,693170,9366435,1291670,2546938780,254615249

11266,884810,9416461,6203270,2560544220,255975793

11311,482160,9466487,1971520,2574149660,257336338

11355,123340,9516512,225610,258775510,258696882

11397,172270,9566536,3409020,2601360540,260057426

11441,769620,9616561,9177270,2614965990,26141797

11487,003060,9666587,8593510,2628571430,262778515

11529,690110,9716612,340610,2642176870,264139059

11574,927620,9766638,2845730,2655782310,265499603

11618,246690,9816663,1282930,2669387760,266860147

11661,889910,9866688,157920,268299320,268220691

11706,485220,9916713,7335750,2696598640,269581236

11749,492350,9966738,3984040,2710204080,27094178

11792,815491,0016763,2444630,2723809520,272302324

11833,272171,0066786,4465890,2737414970,273662868

11883,600411,0116815,3101090,2751020410,275023413

11927,241591,0166840,3385670,2764625850,276383957

11970,566771,0216865,1857950,2778231290,277744501

12014,846081,0266890,580220,2791836730,279105045

12054,348621,0316913,2351490,2805442180,280465589

12098,945971,0366938,8119740,2819047620,281826134

12142,90521,0416964,0228310,2832653060,283186678

12190,366971,0466991,2424190,284625850,284547222

12232,41591,0517015,3577110,2859863950,285907766

12274,464831,0567039,4730030,2873469390,28726831

12319,062181,0617065,0498280,2887074830,288628855

12363,661571,0667090,6278220,2900680270,289989399

12407,940881,0717116,0222480,2914285710,291349943

12451,90011,0767141,2331050,2927891160,292710487

12492,358821,0817164,4364010,294149660,294071032

12536,318041,0867189,6472580,2955102040,295431576

12579,32111,0917214,3097480,2968707480,29679212

12623,918451,0967239,8865730,2982312930,298152664

12665,329261,1017263,6358970,2995918370,299513208

12705,149851,1067286,4732250,3009523810,300873753

12751,657491,1117313,1456150,3023129250,302234297

12794,662591,1167337,8092740,3036734690,303594841

12834,16311,1217360,4630340,3050340140,304955385

12877,486241,1267385,3090920,3063945580,30631593

12916,986751,1317407,9628520,3077551020,307676474

12962,540271,1367434,0880440,3091156460,309037018

13001,722731,1417456,5594040,310476190,310397562

13046,318041,1467482,1350590,3118367350,311758106

13087,092761,1517505,5195850,3131972790,313118651

13127,233441,1567528,5404810,3145578230,314479195

13166,413861,1617551,0106720,3159183670,315839739

13210,055051,1667576,039130,3172789120,317200283

13252,106011,1717600,1555910,3186394560,318560827

13292,240571,1767623,172980,320,319921372

13331,104991,1817645,4619410,3213605440,321281916

13374,748221,1867670,4915680,3227210880,32264246

13414,568811,1917693,3288960,3240816330,324003004

13453,431191,1967715,6166870,3254421770,325363549

13493,565751,2017738,6340760,3268027210,326724093

13534,022431,2067761,8362020,3281632650,328084637

13575,435271,2117785,5866960,329523810,329445181

13615,891951,2167808,7888220,3308843540,330805725

13654,756371,2217831,0777830,3322448980,33216627

13696,801221,2267855,1907360,3336054420,333526814

13738,852191,2317879,3071980,3349659860,334887358

13779,308871,2367902,5093240,3363265310,336247902

13822,311931,2417927,1718140,3376870750,337608447

13862,76861,2467950,3739410,3390476190,338968991

13903,86341,2517973,9420350,3404081630,340329535

13947,184511,2567998,7869240,3417687070,341690079

13987,325181,2618021,807820,3431292520,343050623

14031,600411,2668047,1999080,3444897960,344411168

14070,148831,2718069,3076380,345850340,345771712

14110,283381,2768092,3250270,3472108840,347132256

14148,83181,2818114,4327580,3485714290,3484928

14188,010191,2868136,9017790,3499319730,349853344

14229,104991,2918160,4698730,3512925170,351213889

14265,100921,2968181,1137330,3526530610,352574433

14299,506631,3018200,8455950,3540136050,353934977

14270,197761,306128184,0367980,3554068030,355328174

14217,319061,31128153,7105760,3567891160,356710487

14188,648321,316328137,2677470,3581823130,358103685

14146,601431,32148113,1536240,3595646260,359485998

14099,453621,326488086,1140970,3609469390,36086831

14057,724771,331528062,1823730,3623183670,362239739

13956,422021,336648004,0846880,3637115650,363632936

13709,227321,341887862,3171710,3651374150,365058787

13227,575941,347087586,0874610,3665523810,366473753

12451,688751,3527141,1118950,3678911560,367812528

7. GRAFICAS

7.1 GRAFICAS DEL ALUMINIO

Fig.5 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin calculada

Fig.6 Regresin lineal de la recta pendiente

Fig.7 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin corregida, recta para hallar el f

7.2 GRAFICAS DEL ACERO 1045

Fig.8 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin calculado

Fig.9 Regresin lineal de la recta pendiente

Fig.10 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin corregido, recta para hallar f

7.3 GRAFICAS DEL BRONCE

Fig.11 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin calculado

Fig.12 Regresin lineal de la recta pendiente

Fig.13 Esfuerzo calculado vs deformacin corregido, recta para hallar f

8. RESULTADOS

E, en y en

Fig.14 Resultados de la prueba de compresin del bronce, del acero 1045 y aluminio

9. CONCLUCIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES

Se pudo observar con las grficas obtenidas que en la probeta de aluminio no habra ruptura porque la pendiente de la grfica es creciente. Para determinar visualmente cuando la probeta de acero va a entrar en ruptura, toma la forma de una s. Se observ que el cizallante del bronce fue a 45. Podemos inferir despus de estos anlisis, que el mdulo de rigidez del acero es mucho mayor que la del aluminio y del bronce. Al someter una probeta a una carga en compresin, inicialmente hay que aplicar una carga muy grande para alcanzar una pequea variacin en la deformacin, en donde se encuentra un punto gua al cual se le llama punto pivote. A medida que se aplica ms carga la probeta se deforma gradualmente hasta que se alcanza el punto de fluencia en donde sucede lo contrario, se encuentra un gran aumento de la deformacin con una pequea diferencia en el aumento de la carga. Una vez el material se ha deformado plsticamente queda deformado permanentemente. No se obtuvo el esfuerzo de ruptura del acero, por cuestiones de seguridad para el personal. Una sugerencia constructiva para las prximas prcticas de compresin con la maquina universal, es la de implementar una barrera de acrlico alrededor de la mquina, con el fin de prevenir accidentes y causar daos en las instalaciones del laboratorio.

10. BIBLIOGRAFIA

Pytel Andrew, Singer Ferdinand L.Resistencia de materiales.4ta Ed. Alfaomega. Pp 1-51, 1994.

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