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ABOUT THE COVER

Mangosteen {Garcinia tnangostana)

Also Known A sMangostan, queen of fruits, and the bra nd n ame "Xango."BackgroundMango steen is a plant native to Southeast Asia. The fruits areused in traditional medicine to treat and heal wounds.The fruit hulls of mangosteen contain xanthones, com-pound s shown to exhibit anticancer and antioxidant proper-ties. These effects a re not yet docum ente d in hum ans.Despite lack of conclusive evidence regarding efficacyand safety, several mangosteen products are promoted ascancer treatments via network marketing.Mangosteen's antioxidant effects may interfere with theaction of certain chemotherapeutic drugs and with radiationtherapy. Patients should consult their oncologists beforeusing mangosteen produ cts.ResearchResults from in vitro studies indicate that xanthones, themajor constituents of mangosteen, have antibacterial,'Adapted from HerbsandBotanical infomiation database.Availableat http://www.mskcc.org/aboutherbs by permissionofthe titegrativcMedicineServiceof MemorialSloan Kettering CancerCenter Ne wYork. Illustrationby AngelaDonato.DOI 10.2310/7200.2009.0001 2009 BC Decker Inc.

antifungal,^ anti-inflammatory,^ cytotoxic,*'^ and aromatase-inhibitory^ properties. Xanthones also were found to inhibitthe growth of leukemia HI,60 cells'" and act as free radicalscavengers to protect low-density lipoprotein'' from oxida-tive damage.Proposed mechanisms for some of the effects includeinduction of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis'" and inhibi-tion of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-l and COX-2 enzymes."*There is also preliminary evidence that xanthones actas histamine and serotonin receptor blockers'" and inhibitHIV^l protease."Mangosteen has not been studied in humans. Until

more research is done, patients should use caution asthe safety and efficacy of mangosteen products are notknown.Her b Dru g Interactions: Chem otherapeut ic AgentsMangosteen products have antioxidant effects and mayinterfere with the action of anthracyclines, platinum com-pou nd s, and iilkylating agents.Source InformationYeungKS,GubiliI.

References1. Siiksanirarn S. Suwannapoch N, Phakhodee W, et al.Antiniycobacteriiil activity ol prenylated xantbones from thefruits of Garciniawangostana.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)2003;51:857-9.2. Gopalakrishnan G, Banumathl B, Suresh G. Evaluation ofihc intiTungal ;ictivity of natural xanthones from Garcinia

mangostana and their synthetic derivatives. I Nat Prod1997:60:519-24.3. Naka tani K, Nakabata N, Arakawii T, et al. Inhibit ion ofcyclooxygenase and pro.staj-landin E2 synthesis hy yamma-mangostin, a xanlhone derivative in mangosteen. In C6 ratglioma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2002;63:73-9.4. Ho CK, Huang YL, ChenCC.Garcinone E, a xanthone deriv-ative, ha.s potent cytotoxic effect agaiii.st hepatoccllular carci-noma eel lines. Planta Med 202;68:975-9.5. Suksamrarn S, Komituban O, Ratananukul P,et al. Gytotoxicprenylated xanthones from the young fruit of Garciniamangostana. Chem Pharm Bull 206;54:301-5.

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Balunas MJ, Su B, Brueggemerier RW, KInghorn AD.Xanthones from the botanical dietary supplement man-gosteen Garcinia mangostana) with aromatase inhibitoryactivity. I Nat Prod 2008;7 7):1161-6.Matsumoto K Akao Y, Kobayashi E, et al. Indu ction of apo p-tosis by xanthones from mangosteen in hum an leukemia celllines. I Nat Prod 2003;66:1124-7.Matsum oto K, AkaoY,YiH, et al. Preferential target is m ito -chondria in aipha-mangostin-induced apoptosis in humanleukemia HL60 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2004:12:5799-806.

9. WilliamsP,Ongsakul M , Proudfoot J et al. Mangostin inhiits the oxidative modification of hum an low density lipoprtein. Free Radie Res 19y5;23:175-84.

10. Chairungsrilerd N, Furukawa K, OhtaT et al. Histaminergand serotonergic receptor blocking substances from tmedicinal plant Garcinia mangostana.Planta Med 1996:6471-2.

11. Chen SX, Wan M, Loh BN. Active cons tituen ts against HIVprotease from Garcinia mangostana. Planta M ed 1996:6381-2.

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