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HDT Italia s.r.l.

High Design Technology

Headquarters TORINO (ITALY)

Corso Trapani, 16

Tel. +390.11.746104

Fax. +390.11.748109

Alessandro Arnulfo

R&D Application Engineer

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HDT Italia s.r.l.

• Founded in 1990 with the aim to

develop and market high-

performance EDA tools

• Focused on:

– Signal Integrity (SI)

– Hardware modelling

– Design&Validation of digital systems

– EMC/EMI issues

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• Consulting & Services on :

– Signal Integrity and EMC/EMI evaluation ( from PCB to the whole system )

– Modeling

– Specific customer needs

– Definition of design&qualification methodologies

– Test & Measurement

– Software customization

HDT Italia s.r.l.

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HDT Italia s.r.l

PRODUCTS

• PRESTO

(Post-layout Rapid Exhaustive Simulation and Test of Operation)

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HDT Italia s.r.l

PRODUCTS

• SPRINT

(Simulation Program of Response of Integrated Network Transients)

• SIGHTS

(Standard Interface for Graphic Handling

of Transient Signals)

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• EmiR

(Emission Radiated)

• TEMA

(Transverse ElectroMagnetic Analysis)

HDT Italia s.r.l

PRODUCTS

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PRESTO Post-layout Rapid Exhaustive Simulation and Test of

Operation

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Application Domain

• Signal Integrity investigation – efficient handling of huge number of transmission lines

– simultaneous analysis of transmission, crosstalk and switching noise issues

• High-speed and complex system design&validation

• MCM, PCB, Backplane, Interconnection layout check

• EMC/EMI analysis

• Hardware quality verification

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Application Market

• Telecom

• Computer

• Automotive

• Aerospace

• Automatic Test Equipment

• Measurement

• Biomedical

• Consumer Electronics

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Technologies supported

• PCB

• MCM

• Hybrid

Interconnect levels • multiboards

• backplane

• LANS

• entire apparatus

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Platforms supported

• HP 9000/700 Series

• Sun SPARC Series

• Windows NT 4.0 (Intel)

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PRESTO Structure

PREFIS

SPRINT

Output

F

L

O

W

M

A

N

A

G

E

R

Model Capture System

PRLib

S.I. report SIGHTS

CadExtract

CAD

DATA

BASE

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PRESTO CadExtract • Links to

– Mentor Graphics, Boardstation

– COOPER&CHYAN TECHNOLOGY, SPECCTRA

– Cadence, Allegro

– Zuken Redac, Visula

– INCASES, THEDA

– Accel, P-CAD

• Complete data extraction of

– physical layout

– electrical data

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• Powerful simulation engine (SPRINT)

• Concurrent simulation of entire systems or selected nets

• Exhaustive checks of complex PCB in minutes

• Validated for high-speed applications up to 1Gbit/s

• Signal Integrity investigation – Crosstalk Analysis

– Simultaneous Switching Noise

PRESTO Features

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PRESTO Features (cont’d)

• Automated compliance analysis

– mask&wide range of stimulus patterns

– enhanced test capabilities

• User definable enhanced Signal Integrity analysis and report

• Time Domain Reflectometry based modeling and simulation

• Link to measurement equipment

• Link to analog simulators

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PRESTO Features (cont’d)

• Flexible model topologies&management – Automatic package assignment

– Multipower pin management

• What-if analysis of packages and components

• Distributed models of ground and power nets including planes

• Multi level modeling and simulation – electrical

– timing

– logic

– system

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PRESTO Results 70.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00

TIME[nS]

-4.00V

-2.00V

0.00V

2.00V

4.00V

6.00V

8.00V#U4_1

#IC23_4

lower and upper masks

mask violations

Net CLK1 upper and lower masks v iolation Error f igure: 8.12

Net DAT1 upper and lower masks v iolation Error f igure: 6.01

Net ADD1 lower mask v iolation Error f igure: 0.21

Net ADD2 upper mask v iolation Error f igure: 0.11

Net ADD3 upper mask v iolation Error f igure: 0.11Net RD no v iolation Error f igure: -

Net RDN no v iolation Error f igure: -

70.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00TIME[nS]

-4V

-2V

0V

2V

4V

6V

8V

Eye-diagram opening

Jitter

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PRESTO

SIP

IC IC

decoupling

GND

GND

GND

GND

VCC net

coupledsection

via

via

GNDplane

receiversdriversreceiver

via subckt SC macromodel

coupling

subcircuit

decoupling

capacitor

model

decoupling

capacitor

model

Vsupply

Vset

Z0 TD

Z0 TD

Z0 TD

Z0 TD

Z0 TD

Z0 TD

quiescentsupply load

model

* *

*

*

*

*

*

* * *

* checkpoint displayed by PRESTO

DR

DR

DR

RC

RC

RC SIP

Board layout

to

PRESTO

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SPRINT Simulation Program of Response

Integrated Network Transients

• Uses DSP-based algorithm – simulation time increases linearly with complexity

– uses fixed time step

– no convergence problems

• Very fast to handle large systems

• Efficiently handles inductors&transmission lines

• Uses accurate, efficient behavioural models for drivers and receivers

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COMPARISON SIMULATION&MEASUREMENT

Comparison between simulation

and measures of high-speed

multiboard system (155Mbit/s)

* 50000 elements

* 32 simultaneous input sequence

* 16000 time points

* 60 min. simulation time (HP 750)

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PRESTO FOR EMC I) Susceptibility

• Conducted Noise Susceptibility (CNS)

# modelling capabilities EMC models

# noise injection and propagation

# What- if analysis:

- filtering analysis (schematic)

- layout traces analysis (topology)

EMC project in Automotive field on a 2-layers analog / digital board good comparisons with measurements

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PRESTO FOR EMC

• Susceptibility to direct perturbations (not already automatically inserted)

# plane-wave model

# electrical equivalent models to simulate

the perturbation effects on the PCB nets

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PRESTO FOR EMC

II) Emissions

• Conducted Emissions (CE)

# modelling capabilities EMC models

# What- if analysis

# visualize the Conducted Emissions spectrum

in the input stage of the board

EMC project in Aerospace field on a multi-layered analog board good comparisons with measurement

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PRESTO FOR EMC

• Radiated Emissions (RE):

EMIR (EMIssions Radiated)

Prediction of PCB radiated ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI) at the design state

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EMIR

• Display of PCB net radiation spectrum at user selected distances to compare with EMC normative.

• Uses Green Dyadic functions of actual PCB medium

Takes into account the board cross-section in the EM Field calculation.

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EMIR

• Interfaced with PRESTO, it uses accurate differential mode current distribution given by SPRINT simulator

Effects like reflections, impedance mismatches, ground-bounce, actual VCC/GND planes influence can be taken into account simultaneously.

Predicts VCC/GND nets radiation

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EMIR

• Display of PCB radiation diagrams at user selected frequencies for Localization of EMI problems

• Near-field algorithm for H field

• Takes into account the measurement setup: – antenna polarization

– metal floor of semi-anechoic chamber

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EmiR_Cable

• Radiation due to common mode current that spreads along cables:

- PCB which ground plane is connected to a cable.

- shielded coaxial cable

- twisted cable

• Use of fast 3D algorithm based on PEEC method

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MODELLING OF PARASITIC COUPLINGS

Ltrack

Lplane

C12/2

C10/2

R

R

+

VT

C20/2

C12/2

C20/2

C10/2

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Parasitic parameters evaluation: PEEC (Partial Elements Equivalent Circuit)

Numerical method for the circuital modelling of parasitic effects in

3D structures of conductors and dielectrics ;

Leads to an equivalent circuit reduction of the structure;

The equivalent circuit is formed only by lumped passive elements

(RLC circuit);

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PEEC METHOD

The structure is subdivided into parts:

- conductive volume cells, where conduction current flows;

- dielectric volume cells, where polarization current flows;

- dielectric/dielectric or metal/dielectric surface cells, where

electric charges are stored.

At each cell a different circuit element ( L, M, C, R) is associated

(partial elements)

Using retarded controlled generator (retarded PEEC) it is

possible to take into account the propagation delay of the signals

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PEEC METHOD: EXAMPLE OF SUBDIVISION OF THE STRUCTURE IN SURFACE CELLS

MACROMODEL APPROACH:

a partial capacitance between each pair of cells is obtained;

they are grouped leading to a mutual capacitance between

each pair of conductors

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PEEC METHOD: OPTIMIZATION

The number of cells used for the discretization is very important to

obtain accurate results: it must be optimized;

more accurate results

possible numerical errors

longer computation times

Good trade-off: uniform discretization;

More cells

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EMISSIONS OF THE PCB WITH AN ATTACHED CABLE

• Thevenin-like approach for the cable excitation: (PEEC)

cable

Vn=j Ltrans Isign +(C20/C10)Vsign

C10

metal floor of semi-anechoic

room

Ltrans= Lplane - Mplane/track

H

Inductive and

Capacitive

coupling

Equivalent noise voltage generator

controlled by voltage and current on the track

(coefficients depending on PEEC parameters)

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EMISSIONS OF THE PCB WITH AN ATTACHED CABLE

The Transmission Line Theory (TLT) to calculate the current

distribution on the cable, modeled as a lossy transmission line

The Hertzian Radiating Dipoles Method to calculate the RE of the

cable

The image principle to take into account the floor of the semi-

anechoic chamber

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RE from one cable placed horizontally above the floor of the

semi-anechoic chamber;

An inductive common mode filter (choke) placed in series to

the cable;

A one-layer PCB (microstrip structure) horizontally or vertically

oriented;

An unlimited number of tracks placed in any positions:

optimized algorithm to avoid too long computation times due to

PEEC matrices inversions;

EMISSIONS OF THE PCB WITH AN ATTACHED CABLE (cont’d)

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DESCRIPTION OF THE BOARD

30cm

21cm

1.6mm

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SETUP

1 m

3 m

1,3 m

1,2 m

cable diameter = 5mm

shielded

oscillator

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COMPARISON BETWEEN MEASURED AND SIMULATED COMMON MODE CURRENT

0.01 0.1 150

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Frequency in GHz

dB

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COMMON MODE CURRENT THROUGH THE CABLE (EmiR_Cable)

0.01 0.10 1.00

-50.00

-40.00

-30.00

-20.00

-10.00

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

f [GHz]

dBA

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COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MEASURED AND THE SIMULATED

RADIATED FIELD

10 100 1 10320

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Frequency in MHz

|E| [dBV/m]

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EMISSIONS OF THE PCB WITH AN ATTACHED CABLE (EmiR_CABLE) |E| [dBV/m]

Frequency in GHz 0.00 0.01 0.10

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1.0

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CONCLUSIONS ON SPRINT

• SPEED ENHANCES AND ABSENCE OF CONVERGENCE PROBLEMS ARE OBTAINED BY THE DWN APPROACH

• SIMULATION TIME RISES PROPORTIONALY WITH NETWORK COMPLEXITY

• LARGE NETWORKS CAN BE SIMULATED

• MIXED-MODE (ELECTRICAL/TIMING/LOGIC) SIMULATION IS SUPPORTED

• BTM MODELS EXTRACTED FROM TDR MEASUREMENTS ARE SUPPORTED

• HIGH SPEED DIGITAL SYSTEMS CAN BE SIMULATED

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CONCLUSIONS ON MODELING

• SPRINT SYNTAX IS OPEN TO IBIS STANDARD

• 4-PORTS MODELS FOR I/O TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

• CAPABILITY TO MODEL ANALOG DEVICES FOR EMC SIMULATIONS

• CAPABILITY TO BUILD VERY ACCURATE MODELS (S PARAMETERS BASED) FOR HIGH SPEED DIGITAL SYSTEMS

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CONCLUSIONS ON PRESTO FOR SI

• SPEED OF THE SIMULATION

• HIGH ACCURACY OF RESULTS, GOOD AGREEMENT WITH MEASUREMENTS

• SIMULTANEOUS SIMULATION OF ALL NETS OF A COMPLEX PCB IS AVAILABLE

• PRESTO CAN SIMULATE SIGNAL INTEGRITY, CROSSTALK BUT ALSO SIMULTANEOUS SWITCHING NOISE ON VCC/GND NETS OR PLANES

• PRESTO OFFERS FACILITIES LIKE EYE-DIAGRAMS TO STUDY HIGH-SPEED PCBS

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CONCLUSIONS ON PRESTO FOR EMC

• PRESTO IS ABLE TO PREDICT RESULTS OF COMPLIANCE TESTS FOR: – RADIATED EMISSIONS

– CONDUCTED NOISE SUSCEPTIBILITY

– CONDUCTED EMISSIONS

• COMPARISONS BETWEEN SIMULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS IN THE CONDITIONS REQUIRED BY EMC STANDARDS-> GOOD AGREEMENT

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FUTURE EVOLUTIONS

• PORTING OF PRESTO ON WINDOWS-NT

• CUSTOM SOLUTIONS

• OTHER FEATURES FOR THE PREDICTION OF RADIATED EMISSIONS

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APPLICATION OF HDT TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCTS WITHIN

ZUKEN-REDAC ENVIRONMENT

• USE OF SPRINT AND TEMA (AND EmiR) TO DRIVE CONSTRAINTS TO BE APPLIED TO ZUKEN-REDAC ROUTER

• USE OF SPRINT, LIBRARIES AND SIGHTS TO PRODUCE ON-LINE SIMULATIONS