GUIA DE TRABAJO

Lea atentamente el texto. Escriba los datos más importantes en su agenda o libreta de apuntes. Responda los ejercicios que se proponen.

VERBO "TO BE"

El verbo "to be" en inglés es equivalente a los verbos "ser" y "estar" en castellano. Su declinación en el presente del indicativo (simple present) es la siguiente:

Simple Present del verbo "To Be"Yo soy/estoy I amTu eres/estás You areEl/ella es/está He/she/it isNosotros somos/estamos We areVosotros sois/estáis You areEllos/ellas son/están They are

Se suelen utilizar contracciones de estas formas; La forma completa y la contraída son igualmente correctas, aunque la contraída es algo más informal.

Afirmativaforma completa forma contraída

I am I´mYou are you´reHe / she / it is he´s / she´s / it´sWe are we´reYou are you´reThey are they´re

Negación (sujeto + verbo + not)forma completa forma contraída

I am not I´m notYou are not you aren´tHe / she / it is not he / she / it isn´tWe are not we aren´tYou are not you aren´tThey are not they aren´t

Interrogación (verbo + sujeto)respuesta breve + respuesta breve –Am I ...? Yes, I am No, I´m notAre you...? Yes, you are No, you aren´tIs he / she / it ....? Yes, he/she/it is No, he/she/it isn´tAre we...? Yes, we are No, we aren´tAre you....? Yes, you are No, you aren´tAre they....? Yes, they are No, they aren´t

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Ejemplos: Are you a student? Yes, I am.Is she your friend? Yes, she is.Are they your classmates? No, they aren´t.

Su declinación en tiempo pasado (simple past):

Simple Past del verbo "To Be"Afirmativa

Yo era/estaba (fui/estuve) I wasTu eras/estabas (fuiste/estuviste) You wereEl/ella era/estaba (fue/estuvo) He/she/it wasNosotros éramos/estábamos (fuimos/estuvimos) We wereVosotros erais/estabais (fuisteis/estuvisteis) You wereEllos/ellas eran/estaban (fueron/estuvieron) They were

Negación (sujeto + verbo + not)forma completa forma contraída

I was not I wasn´tYou were not you weren´tHe/she/it was not he/she/it wasn´tWe were not we weren´tYou were not you weren´tThey were not they weren´t

Interrogación (verbo + sujeto)respuesta breve + respuesta breve –

Was I ...? Yes, I was No, I wasn´tWere you...? Yes, you were No, you weren´tWas he/she/it ....? Yes, he/she/it was No, he/she/it wasn´tWere we...? Yes, we were No, we weren´tWere you....? Yes, you wer No, you weren´tWere they....? Yes, they were No, they weren´t

Ejemplos: Were you a student? Yes, I was.Was she your friend? Yes, she was.Were they your classmates? No, they weren´t.

El verbo "to be" se puede utilizar como un verbo ordinario y en este caso sirve para dar información sobre el sujeto: I am old. Yo soy mayorThe car is red. El coche es rojoIt is cold. Hace frio (el día está frio)

También se utiliza como verbo auxiliar para formar las formas continuas: I am running. Yo estoy corriendoI was running. Yo estaba corriendo

Y para construir la forma pasiva: The table is made of wood. La mesa está hecha de madera

Otro uso del verbo "to be" es seguido de infinitivo y se utiliza para dar órdenes de una manera un tanto impersonal, especialmente con la 3ª persona, o también para comunicar un plan:

He is to solve that problem. El debe resolver ese problemaThey are to help you. Ellos deben ayudarteI am to travel next week. Voy a viajar la próxima semana

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VOCABULARIOSombrero Hat Chaleco VestBufanda Scarf Corbata TieGabardina Raincoat Camisa ShirtAbrigo Coat Camiseta T-shirtChaqueta Jacket Traje SuitGuante Glove Ropa interior UnderwearPantalones Pants Camiseta (interior) VestZapato Shoe Calzoncillo ShortsBota Boat Sujetador BraZapatilla Slipper Calcetín SockPijama Pyjamas Bragas PantiesVestido Dress

Infinitivo/Presente  VERBOSSignificado Forma pasada  Participio

To stand soportar stood stoodTo come up surgir came up come up To wake despertar woke wokeTo be ser / estar was beenTo stand aguantar stood stoodTo beat golpear beat beatenTo become llegar a ser became becomeTo happen ocurrir happened happenedTo procreate procrear procreated procreatedTo begin empezar began begun

EJERCICIOS

Verb to be – Simple Present

1. Write am, is or are.1. Mary ...... a teacher.2. My friends ...... Italian.3. They ...... doctors.4. She ...... from Holland.5. I ...... an engineer.6. Paul ...... very tall.7. London ...... the capital of England.8. We ...... American.9. Mary and Eve ...... from Russia.10. Your parents ...... teachers.

2. Write the sentences in exercise 1 in the short form, when possible.1. Mary´s a teacher. 6.2. 7.3. 8.4. 9.5. 10.

3. Write these sentences in the negative (short form).1. Luke´s a student.……………………………………………………………..2. Laura and Gabriel are friends.……………………………………………………………..3. You´re from Spain. ……………………………………………………………..4. He´s my neighbour. ……………………………………………………………..

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5. We´re Italian. ……………………………………………………………..www.english-area.comLos mejores recursos gratuitos para aprender y enseñar inglés

4. Write am, is or are. Then, write short answers.1. ...... you a student? ......, ........... 5. ....... you French? ......., .........2. ...... your mother a doctor? ......., ......... 6. ....... your neighbour from Spain?.......3. ...... your friends nice? ......, ........... 7. ....... it sunny now? ......., .........4. ...... Dublin in Ireland? ........, ........... 8. ....... Sydney in Australia? ........, .........www.english-area.comLos mejores recursos gratuitos para aprender y enseñar inglés

Verb to be – Simple Past

1. Complete.I wasYou ......He ......She ......It ......We wereYou .......They .......

2. Complete with was or were.1. John ...... at home last week.2. They ...... at the cinema yesterday.3. Your parents ...... at the station at nine o´clock.4. Mary ...... in the street this morning.5. My aunt ...... in hospital yesterday morning.6. I ...... at school this morning.7. Jill and Kevin ...... at the zoo las Sunday.8. We ...... in a Chinese restaurant last night.

3. Write these sentences in the negative form.1. Mum was at home this morning. .................................................................................2. Paul and Mary were in the shop. .................................................................................3. His friends were very happy yesterday afternoon. ......................................................4. I was late for the cinema. ............................................................................................5. We were at home to watch a film on TV. ....................................................................

4. Answer these questions with short answers, as in the example.1. Were you at home last night? Yes, I was / No, I wasn´t2. Was it hot yesterday? ......................................3. Were your friends at home last Monday? .....................................4. Was your father at work this morning? .....................................5. Were you in class yesterday morning? .....................................

AnswersExercise 1:1. is2. are3. are4. is

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5. am6. is7. is8. are9. are10. areExercise 2:2. My friends are Italian3. They´re doctors4. She´s from Holland5. I´m an engineer.6. Paul´s very tall7. London´s the capital of England.8. We´re American.9. Mary and Eve are from Russia.10. Your parents are teachers.Exercise 3:1. Luke´s not a student2. Laura and Gabriel aren´t friends3. You aren´t from Spain/You´re not from Spain.4. He isn´t my neighbour/He´s not my neighbour5. We aren´t Italian/We´re not Italian.Exercise 4:1. Are you a student? Yes, I am/no, I´m not2. Is your mother a doctor? Yes, she is/no she isn´t3. Are your friends nice? Yes, they are/no they aren´t4. Is Dublin in Ireland? Yes, it is.www.english-area.comLos mejores recursos gratuitos para aprender y enseñar inglés5. Are you French? Yes, I am/no, I´m not.6. Is your neighbour from Spain? Yes he/she is / no, he/she isn´t7. Is it sunny now? Yes, it is / no, it isn´t8. Is Sydney in Australia? Yes, it is.

AnswersExercise 1:I wasYou wereHe wasShe wasIt wasWe wereYou wereThey wereExercise 2:1. John was at home last week.2. They were at the cinema yesterday.3. Your parents were at the station at nine o´clock.4. Mary was in the street this morning.5. My aunt was in hospital yesterday morning.6. I was at school this morning.7. Jill and Kevin were at the zoo last Sunday.8. We were in a Chinese restaurant last night.Exercise 3:1. Mum wasn´t at home this morning.2. Paul and Mary weren´t in the shop.3. His friends weren´t very happy yesterday afternoon.4. I was late for the cinema.5. We weren´t at home to watch a film on TV.

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Exercise 4:2. Yes, it was / no, it wasn´t3. Yes, they were / no, they weren´t4. Yes, he was / no he wasn´t5. Yes, they were / no, they weren´t

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