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• Guidelines for Hazard Identi cation, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •

• Department o Occupational Sa ety and Health • 1

Guidelines or Hazard Identifcation,Risk Assessment and Risk Control(HIRARC)

Department o Occupational Sa ety and HealthMinistry o Human Resources

Malaysia

2008

JKKP DP 127/789/4-47

ISBN 978-983-2014-62-1



• Department o Occupational Sa ety and Health •2


Preface

In recent years, Hazard Identi cation, Risk Assessment and Risk Control(HIRARC) has become undamental to the practice o planning, managementand the operation o a business as a basic o risk management. Te organizations

that have carried out risk assessment at the work place have noted numerous changesin their working practice. Tose who have already carried out risk assessment intheir work, have reported positive changes in their working practice, they recognizesubstandard act and working condition as they develop and take necessary correctiveaction. Legislation requires that this process should be systematic and be recordedso that the results are reliable and the analysis complete. Te risk assessment processshould be continuous and should not be regarded as a one-o exercise.

In line with the Department approach o PREVEN IVE MEASURES as a way o en orcing the law on Occupational Sa ety and Health (OSH), it seems that HIRARChas became extremely important. With HIRARC, one will be able to identi y hazard,analyze and assess its associated risk and then apply the suitable control measures

Tis Guideline is supposed to provide guidance on methodology o conductingHIRARC, it should be simple enough to be used by small and medium industries

and should be versatile enough to be used by all in various economic sectors, eitherin the manu acturing sector, construction sectors or any other economic sectors.

Te methodology o HIRARC as proposed in this Guidelines is intended or theassessment o physical hazards. Tose who intend to assess health hazards in theirworkplaces, should make use o other risk assessment guidelines designed speci cally

or such purposes.

Te Department would like to thank all the sta rom Maj or Hazard Division ortheir e ort and contribution in the preparation o this guideline.

Director GeneralDepartment o Occupational Sa ety and Health,Malaysia

2008





Table of ContentsPREFACE

1. Purpose 5

2. erm and Defnitions

3. Basic Concepts

3.1 What is risk?

4. Planning And Conducting O HIRARC 6

4.1 Purpose o HIRARC

4.2 Planning o HIRARC Activities

4.3 Process o HIRARC

4.3.1 Classi y Work Activities 7

4.3.2 Hazard Identi cations

4.3.2.1 Health Hazards

4.3.2.2 Sa ety Hazards 8

4.3.2.3 Environmental Hazards

4.3.2.4 Hazard Identi cation echnique

4.3.2.5 Te hazard identi cation and

assessment methodology 9

4.3.3 Analyze and Estimate Risk

4.3.3.1 Likelihood o an occurrence 10

4.3.3.2 Severity o Consequence 11

4.3.3.3 Risk assessment 12

5. Control

5.1 Selecting a Suitable Control 13

5.2 ypes o Control

5.2.1 At the source o the hazard

5.2.2 Engineering control 14

5.2.3 Administrative controls

5.2.4 Personal Protective Equipment 15

5.3 Monitoring Controls

5.4 Sa e work Procedures

5.5 Personal Protective Equipment 16

Page Numbers





6. Documenting HIRARC

6.1 Responsibility and Accountability 16

6.2 Documenting Process 17

7. Consultation 18

8. raining

APPENDIX A 19

Examples o Workplace Hazards

APPENDIX B 22

Checklist or Workplace Hazard ExamplesAPPENDIX C

HIRARC Form 23

APPENDIX D

Worked examples: Scenario 1

Worked examples: Scenario 2 25

APPENDIX E

Example o Hazard Identifcation echnique 26

Example o Job Hazard Analysis 31

Table of Contents





1.0 Purpose

Te purpose o this guideline is to provide a systematic and objective approach to assessinghazards and their associated risks that will provide an objective measure o an identi edhazard as well as provide a method to control the risk. It is one o the general duties asprescribed under the Occupational Sa ety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) or the employerto provide a sa e workplaces to their employees and other related person.

2.0 erm And Defnitions

Hazard means a source or a situation with a potential or harm in terms o human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination o these.

Hazard control means the process o implementing measures to reduce the risk associated

with a hazard.Hierarchy o control means the established priority order or the types o measures to beused to control risks.

Hazard identifcation means the identi cation o undesired events that lead to thematerialisation o the hazard and the mechanism by which those undesired events couldoccur.

Risk means a combination o the likelihood o an occurrence o a hazardous event withspeci ed period or in speci ed circumstances and the severity o injury or damage to

the health o people, property, environment or any combination o these caused by theevent.

Risk assessment means the process o evaluating the risks to sa ety and health arisingrom hazards at work.

Risk management means the total procedure associated with identi ying a hazard,assessing the risk, putting in place control measures, and reviewing the outcomes.

3.0 Basic Concepts

3.1 What is risk?

Risk is something that we as individuals live with on a day-to-day basis. People are constantly making decisions based on risk. Simple decision in daily li e such as driving, crossing theroad and money investment all imply an acceptance risk. Risk is the combination o thelikelihood and severity o a speci ed hazardous event occurring. In mathematical term,risk can be calculated by the equation -

Risk = Likelihood x Severity

Where,





Likelihood is an event likely to occur within the speci c period or in speci ed circumstancesand,

Severity is outcome rom an event such as severity o injury or health o people, or damageto property, or insult to environment, or any combination o those caused by the event.

4.0 Planning And Conducting O HIRARC

4.1 Purpose o HIRARC

Te purpose o HIRARC are as ollows:- a. to identi y all the actors that may cause harm to employees and others (the

hazards);

b. to consider what the chances are o that harm actually be alling anyone in thecircumstances o a particular case and the possible severity that could come romit (the risks); and

c. to enable employers to plan, introduce and monitor preventive measures to ensurethat the risks are adequately controlled at all times.

4.2 Planning o HIRARC Activities

HIRARC activities shall be plan and conducted – a. or situation –

i. where hazard appear to pose signi cant threat;ii. uncertain whether existing controls are adequate; or/andiii. be ore implementing corrective or preventive measures.

b. by organization intending to continuously improve OSH Management System.

It should be the duty o the employer to assign a trained personnel to lead a team o employees associated with one particular process or activity to conduct HIRARC.

4.3 Process o HIRARC

Process o HIRARC requires 4 simple steps -a. classi y work activities;b. identi y hazard;c. conduct risk assessment (analyze and estimate risk rom each hazard), by

calculating or estimating -

i. likelihood o occurrence, andii. severity o hazard;

d. decide i risk is tolerable and apply control measures (i necessary).





hazards include chemicals (such as battery acid and solvents), biological hazards (such asbacteria, viruses, dusts and molds), physical agents (energy sources strong enough to harmthe body, such as electric currents, heat, light, vibration, noise and radiation) and work design (ergonomic) hazards.

4.3.2.2 Sa ety hazards

A sa ety hazard is any orce strong enough to cause injury, or damage to property. Aninjury caused by a sa ety hazard is usually obvious. For example, a worker may be badly cut. Sa ety hazards cause harm when workplace controls are not adequate.

Some examples o sa ety hazards include, but are not limited to -i. slipping/tripping hazards (such as wires run across oors);

ii. re hazards ( rom ammable materials);iii. moving parts o machinery, tools and equipment (such as pinch and nip points);iv. work at height (such as work done on sca olds);v. ejection o material (such as rom molding);

vi. pressure systems (such as steam boilers and pipes);vii. vehicles (such as orkli s and trucks);

viii. li ing and other manual handling operations; andix. working alone.

4.3.2.3 Environmental hazards

An environmental hazard is a release to the environment that may cause harm ordeleterious e ects. An environmental release may not be obvious. For example, a workerwho drains a glycol system and releases the liquid to a storm sewer may not be aware, o the e ect on the environment. Environmental hazards cause harm when controls andwork procedures are not ollowed. 4.3.2.4 Hazard identifcation technique

Te employer shall develop a hazard identi cation and assessment methodology takinginto account the ollowing documents and in ormation -

i. any hazardous occurrence investigation reports;ii. rst aid records and minor injury records;

iii. work place health protection programs;iv. any results o work place inspections;v. any employee complaints and comments;

vi. any government or employer reports, studies and tests concerning the health andsa ety o employees;

vii. any reports made under the regulation o Occupational Sa ety and HealthAct,1994

viii. the record o hazardous substances; andix. any other relevant in ormation.





A qualitative analysis uses words to describe the magnitude o potential severity and thelikelihood that those severity will occur. Tese scales can be adapted or adjusted to suit thecircumstances and di erent descriptions may be used or di erent risks. Tis method usesexpert knowledge and experience to determine likelihood and severity category.

In semi-quantitative analysis, qualitative scales such as those described above are given values. Te objective is to produce a more expanded ranking scale than is usually achievedin qualitative analysis, not to suggest realistic values or risk such as is attempted inquantitative analysis.

Quantitative analysis uses numerical values (rather than the descriptive scales used inqualitative and semi-quantitative analysis) or both severity and likelihood using data

rom a variety o sources such as past accident experience and rom scienti c research.

Severity may be determined by modeling the outcomes o an event or set o events, or by extrapolation rom experimental studies or past data. Severity may be expressed in termso monetary, technical or human impact criteria, or any o the other criteria. Te way inwhich severity and likelihood are expressed and the ways in which they are combined toprovide a level o risk will vary according to the type o risk and the purpose or which therisk assessment output is to be used.

In this guidelines qualitative and semi quantitative method uses as an example. 4.3.3.1 Likelihood o an occurrence

Tis value is based on the likelihood o an event occurring. You may ask the question“How many times has this event happened in the past?” Assessing likelihood is basedworker experience, analysis or measurement. Likelihood levels range rom “most likely”to “inconceivable.” For example, a small spill o bleach rom a container when lling aspray bottle is most likely to occur during every shi . Alternatively, a leak o diesel uel

rom a secure holding tank may be less probable.

able A indicates likelihood using the ollowing values -

LIKELIHOOD (L) EXAMPLE RA ING

Most likely Te most likely result o the hazard / event being realized 5

Possible Has a good chance o occurring and is not unusual 4

Conceivable Might be occur at sometime in uture 3

Remote Has not been known to occur a er many years 2

Inconceivable Is practically impossible and has never occurred 1

able A





An example o risk matrix ( able C) is shown below:

able C

HighMedium

Low

o use this matrix, rst nd the severity column that best describes the outcome o risk.Ten ollow the likelihood row to nd the description that best suits the likelihood that theseverity will occur. Te risk level is given in the box where the row and column meet.

Te relative risk value can be used to prioritize necessary actions to e ectively managework place hazards. able D determines priority based on the ollowing ranges:

RISK DESCRIP ION AC ION

15 - 25 HIGH

5 - 12 MEDIUM

1 - 4 LOW

A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control thehazard as detailed in the hierarchy o control. Actionstaken must be documented on the risk assessment

orm including date or completion.

A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach tocontrolling the hazard and applies temporary measurei required. Actions taken must be documented on therisk assessment orm including date or completion.

A risk identi ed as LOW may be considered asacceptable and urther reduction may not be necessary.However, i the risk can be resolved quickly ande ciently, control measures should be implementedand recorded.

able D

Severity (S)

Likelihood (L) 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 10 15 20 25

4 4 8 12 16 20

3 3 6 9 12 15

2 2 4 6 8 10

1 1 2 3 4 5





Hazards assessed, as “High Risk” must have immediate actions, to resolve risk to li e sa ety and or the environment. Individuals responsible or required action, including ollow upmust be clearly identi ed. A urther detail risk assessment method may require such asquantitative risk assessment as means o determine suitable controls measures.

5.0 Control Defnition: Control is the elimination or inactivation o a hazard in a manner such thatthe hazard does not pose a risk to workers who have to enter into an area or work onequipment in the course o scheduled work. Hazards should be controlled at their source (where the problem is created). Te closera control to the source o the hazard is the better. Tis method is o en re erred to asapplying engineering controls. I this does not work, hazards can o en be controlledalong the path to the worker, between the source and the worker. Tis method can bere erred to as applying administrative controls. I this is not possible, hazards must becontrolled at the level o the worker through the use o personal protective equipment(PPE), although this is the least desirable control.

5.1 Selecting a suitable control Selecting a control o en involves –

a. evaluating and selecting short and long term controls;b. implementing short-term measures to protect workers until permanent controls

can be put in place; andc. implementing long term controls when reasonably practicable.

For example, suppose a noise hazard is identi ed. Short-term controls might requireworkers to use hearing protection. Long term, permanent controls might remove orisolate the noise source. 5.2 ypes o Control 5.2.1 At the source o the hazard

a. Elimination - Getting rid o a hazardous job, tool, process, machine or substanceis perhaps the best way o protecting workers. For example, a salvage rm mightdecide to stop buying and cutting up scrapped bulk uel tanks due to explosionhazards.

b. Substitution - Sometimes doing the same work in a less hazardous way is possible.For example, a hazardous chemical can be replaced with a less hazardous one.Controls must protect workers rom any new hazards that are created.





5.2.2 Engineering control

a. Redesign - Jobs and processes can be reworked to make them sa er. For example,containers can be made easier to hold and li .

b. Isolation - I a hazard cannot be eliminated or replaced, it can some times beisolated, contained or otherwise kept away rom workers. For example, an insulatedand air-conditioned control room can protect operators rom a toxic chemical.

c. Automation - Dangerous processes can be automated or mechanized. Forexample, computer-controlled robots can handle spot welding operations in carplants. Care must be taken to protect workers rom robotic hazards.

d. Barriers - A hazard can be blocked be ore it reaches workers. For example, specialcurtains can prevent eye injuries rom welding arc radiation. Proper equipment

guarding will protect workers rom con tacting moving parts.e. Absorption - Bafes can block or absorb noise. Lockout systems can isolate energy

sources during repair and maintenance. Usually, the urther a control keeps ahazard away rom workers, the more e ective it is.

. Dilution - Some hazards can be diluted or dissipated. For example, ventilationsystems can dilute toxic gasses be ore they reach operators.

5.2.3 Administrative controls

a. Sa e work procedures - Workers can be required to use standardized sa ety practices. Te employer is expected to ensure that workers ollow these practices.Work procedures must be periodically reviewed with workers and updated.

b. Supervision and training – Initial training on sa e work procedures and re reshertraining should be o ered. Appropriate supervision to assist workers in identi yingpossible hazards and evaluating work procedures.

c. Job rotations and other procedures can reduce the time that workers are exposedto a hazard. For example, workers can be rotated through jobs requiring repetitivetendon and muscle movements to prevent cumulative trauma injuries. Noisy processes can be scheduled when no one is in the workplace.

d. Housekeeping, repair and maintenance programs - Housekeeping includescleaning, waste disposal and spill cleanup. ools, equipment and machinery areless likely to cause injury i they are kept clean and well maintained.

e. Hygiene - Hygiene practices can reduce the risk o toxic materials being absorbedby workers or carried home to their amilies. Street clothing should be kept inseparate lockers to avoid being contaminated by work clothing. Eating areas mustbe segregated rom toxic hazards. Eating should be orbidden in toxic work areas.Where applicable, workers should be required to shower and change clothes at theend o the shi .





. where two or more workers required or a job, and each must per orm speci ctasks simultaneously; and

g. speci c tasks are done in requently.

Sa e Work Procedures must include: a. regulatory requirements;b. necessary personal protective equipment;c. required training;d. worker responsibilities;e. speci c sequence o steps to ollow to complete the work sa ely;

. required permits; and

g. emergency procedures. An example o a task that requires the development o a sa e work procedure is con nedspace entry. Individuals who must work within con ned spaces must ensure that sa ework procedures are developed and ollowed to maximize li e sa ety.

5.5 Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment means any equipment which is intended to be worn orheld by a person at work and which protects him against one or more risks to his health orsa ety and any additional accessory designed to meet that objective;

PPE is usually chosen to provide protection appropriate to each o type o hazard present.Tere are speci cations or the types o PPE used or protecting an individual’s head,eyes, ootwear, limb and body, re retardant clothing, respiratory, hearing, and personal

otation devices. It may also include required apparel or example when tra c hazards are present high visible and distinguishable “vests must be worn”

6.0 Documenting HIRARC 6.1 Responsibility and accountability Proper management o hazards sporadically identi ed in the workplace can be donethrough e ective process. Ultimately, the individual or team who identi ed the hazardmust ensure proper communication o the hazard to the appropriate workplace authority (manager, department head, or designated person). Each HIRARC must be ully documented. Te HIRARC orm must be completed by the HIRARC team and signed





by the in charge personnel o the area. Departments responsible or the hazards and theircontrol are required to maintain all records o assessments or at least 3 years. (In somecases, legislative requirements will determine the minimum time to retain records).

Te appropriate authority is responsible or ensuring that e ective and timely controls areapplied to the hazard and communicating the results back to the originator. Managementor employer must endorse and approve the HIRARC results. Employer must communicateall HIRARC to employees, monitor the ollow up action and keep the records. Te HIRARCForm (see APPENDIX C) is an example to document the HIRARC process.

6.2 Documenting process

Instructions to team leader and persons conducting HIRARC -

a. complete HIRARC Form. It is recommended to use a single orm or each work process;b. record the names and designation o HIRAC team members;c. outline the process work ow and indicate in the orm under ‘process/ location

column;e. list all activities ( routine and non-routine) or each work process under the “Work

Activity” column;. identi y the hazards associated with each activity and record in “Hazard” column;

g. determine the e ect o each hazard identi ed and record in “E ect” column;h. record any existing hazard control measures;i. determine likelihood (L) rom able A and severity (S) rom able B or each

hazard. Assign P and C rating in respectively column. Te existing controlmeasures should be take into consideration while determine (L) and (S);

j. by using Risk Matrix ( able C and D ) assign one risk and record in “Risk”column;

k. based on the risk assigned, recommend appropriate risk control measures ( seeable D);

l. assign a suitable person to implement the recommended risk control and indicatethe ollow up action date and status;

m. repeat the HIRARC or other activities and process;n. conduct another round o HIRARC a er control measures have been implemented;

ando. review HIRARC or every three years or whenever there are changes in process or

activities.





7.0 Consultation

I practicable, there must be consultation with the relevant health and sa ety representative(s) when identi ying, assessing and controlling risks. Consulting directly with employees and drawing on their experience and knowledge is more e ective inreducing risk.

8.0 raining

In ormation, instruction and training provide employees with the skills and knowledge toper orm their work in a manner that is sa e and without risks to health. It enables themto -

a. ollow health and sa ety procedures;

b. use risk controls set in place or their protection; andc. have an appreciation o the nature o the hazard; the risks associated with their

use; and the reason why risk controls are used.

Managers, Supervisors Health and Sa ety Representatives and others who may be requiredto per orm risk assessments by agreement with management shall be trained in hazardidenti cation risk assessment and control methods. Tey must be trained in the risk assessment process and be amiliar with -

i. the regulations associated with the hazard; ii. have a practical understanding o the work hazards; and

iii. consult with the Health and Sa ety Representative.





APPENDIX A Examples o Workplace Hazards

Te Hazard Identi cation listed is to assist in the identi cation o hazards in the work place.Tis table provides some additional explanation o the meaning o the hazard classi cations.

WORK ENVIRONMENT

Adequate Access Re ers to adequate access to, rom and within theworkplace

Air Conditioning Re ers to uncontaminated air in the work spaceCon ned Spaces Means enclosed work space where people do not normally

work (de ned in standards)emperature Extremes:

a) Heat Tis includes contact with hot objects, hyperthermia, re(Not explosions)

b) Cold Tis includes contact with cold objects and hypothermiaLighting Re ers to adequate illumination or the particular work

being doneMental Stress Includes bullying, workplace violence, shi work, excessive

work loadsDehydration Adequate water supply or the individuals while working

ENERGY Electrical Includes contact with exposed wires and contact with high

voltageGravity Includes alls, trips and slips o persons as well as objects

alling, working at heightsKinetic Energy:a) Te body hitting objects Hitting objects with part o the body b) Hit by moving objects Being hit by moving objects but excluding alling objectsc) Explosion An explosion may also include heat as a hazardd) Penetrating objects Tis includes all objects that can penetrate including

needles

Vibration Includes vibration to parts or to the whole body Acoustic/Noise Includes exposure to single, sudden sound or long termexposure

Pressure Pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems

MECHANICAL Vehicles Being caught between, struck by or against vehicles

(includes ork li s)Mobile and Fixed Plant Being caught between, struck by or against plant (de ned

in legislation)





Powered Equipment Includes electrical or uel powered equipment, tools andappliances

Non-Powered Equipment Includes non-powered hand tools, appliances and

equipment MANUAL HANDLING Muscular Stress a) Li ing, carrying Re ers to muscular stress while li ing, carrying, or putting

down objectsb) Other handling Re ers to muscular stress while handling objects other than

abovec) Without handling Re ers to muscular stress with no objects being handledd) Repetitive movement Re ers to repetitive movement and low muscular loadingErgonomics Includes atigue, stress or errors due to workplace design ANIMAL / INSECT Bites/ Stings Includes bites and stings rom animals and/or insects

BIOLOGICAL Biological /Microbiological Includes bacterial, ungal, viral, parasitic or human/animal

tissue/fuids blood products

CHEMICAL Re ers to single or long term contact with chemicalsFlammable Re ers to chemicals which burnCorrosive Re ers to chemicals which will corrode tissue or metalsoxic Re ers to chemicals which will poison a worker

Oxidizers Re ers to chemicals which will provide oxygen to a re, orreact readily

Compressed Gases Re ers to gases which under high pressure IONIZING RADIATION Re ers to radioactive substances and radiation producing

equipment like X-rays

OTHER RADIATION

Laser Re ers to coherent low divergent electromagnetic radiation. the Helium-Neonlasers used in the undergraduate Physics labs, or the laserpointers

Ultraviolet Re ers to electromagnetic radiation rom 180 nm to 400 nmIn rared Re ers to electromagnetic radiation rom 700 nm to 1 mmRadio requency Re ers to electromagnetic radiation rom 100 kHz to 300

MHz





Microwave Re ers to electromagnetic radiation rom 0.3GHz to 300GHz

Electromagnetic Field Includes static magnetic elds and low requencies rom 0 to100kHz. Te NMR magnets used in research laboratories.ELF magnetic elds induce electric elds in the body whichresult in current fows and heating in biological tissue.

ENVIRONMENTAL Release Atmosphere, sanitary sewer, storm sewerContamination Ground water, resh water, soil MAJOR EVENT/ACTIVITY

OTHER EVENT/ACTIVITY Includes events such as sporting or public events on or o campus

NATURAL EVENT/ ACTIVITY Rain/Storm/Lightning/ Preparation is the key to being able to address these issuesFlooding OTHER EVENT/ACTIVITY Working Alone Loss o personal security, unable to communicate with

emergency services

PROPERTY EVENT/ACTIVITY Structure Collapse Loss o buildingStructure Damage Wall crumblingSystem Component Loss o monitoring system or suppression systemWater Damage Plumbing leak,Utility Disruption Loss o essential services - gas, electricity, water





APPENDIX BChecklist or Workplace Hazard Examples

EXAMPLES OF PO EN IALLY DAMAGING HAZARDSWORK ENVIRONMEN

Adequate AccessAir ConditioningCon ned Spaces

emperature Extremes(including skin contact)Heat (inc. re, ames)

ColdLighting

Mental StressDehydration

Falls, trips, slips etc.Falling objects

Working at HeightsKinetic Energy

Te body hitting objectsHit by moving objects

ExplosionPenetrating objects

VibrationPressure – pneumatic,

hydraulicAcoustic/Noise

ENERGY

ElectricalGravity

MECHANICAL

VehiclesMobile and Fixed Plant

Powered EquipmentNon-Powered Equipment

MANUAL HANDLING

Muscular StressLi ing, carryingOther handling

Without handlingRepetitive movement

Ergonomics

CHEMICALFlammable

oxicCorrosiveOxidizer

Compressed Gases

BIOLOGICAL

Microbiological

Animal tissue/ uidsHuman tissue

Human Blood and uidsPathogenicZoonotic

ENVIRONMEN AL

Air ReleaseSewer Release

Release to Property PROPER Y

Structural CollapseStructural Damage

Utility FailureUtility Disruption

Water Damage

IONIZING RADIA ION

Radioactive Materials

O HER YPES OFRADIA ION

LaserUltraviolet

In raredRadio requency

MicrowaveElectromagnetic Field

MAJOR EVEN

Student activities unctionPublic event

ViolenceHold up

Intoxicated studentsFirearms / WeaponsFood Poisoning

NA URAL

LightningRain

StormFlooding

SunWind

ANIMAL / INSEC

Bites/ StingsResearch Animals

O HER

Working AloneRemote location





A P P E N D I X C

H I R A R C F o r m

H I R A R C F O R M

C o m p a n y :

P r o c e s s / L o c a t i o n :

A p p r o v e d b y :

( N a m e ,

d e s i g n a t i o n )

D a t e :

C o n d u c t e d

b y :

( N

a m e ,


D a t e : ( r o m . . .

t o . . . )

R e v i e w D a t e :

N e x t R e v i e w D a t e :

1 . H a z a r d I d e n t i f i c a t i o n

2 . R i s k A n a l y s i s

3 . R i s k C o n t r o l

N o . 1 2 3 4 5

W o r k

A k t i v i t y

H a z a r d

W h i c h c a n c a u s e / e e c t

E x i s t i n g R i s k

C o n t r o l

( i a n y )

L i k e l i h o o d S e v e r i t y

R i s k

R e c o m m e n d e d

C o n t r o l

M e a s u r e s

P I C

( D u e

d a t e /

s t a t u s )





H I R A R C F O R M

C o m p a n y :



( N a m e ,


D a t e :

C o n d u c t e d

b y :

( N

a m e ,


D a t e : ( r o m . . .

t o . . . )


2 F F u r n i t u r e E n t p

W o o d c u t t i n g / P a n e l S e c t .

M r . K

( M

a n a g e r )

2 5 J u l a i 2 0 0 7

M r . S ( S u p e r v i s o r ) , M i s s M & M r . L ( O p e r a t o r )

2 4 J u n 2 0 0 7 t o 2 8 J u l y 2 0 0 7

1 .

2 .

W o r k e d e x a m p l e

S c e n a r i o 1 : W o o d p a n e l c u t t i n g p r o c e s s

A t e a m o t w o w o r k e r s o p e r a t e s a c r o s s - c u t s a w m a c h i n e . T e i r w o r k i n c l u d e s l o a d i n g w o o d p a n e l o n t o t h e m a c h i n e , c u t t i n g t h e

w o o d a n d u n l o a d i n g t h e c u t w o o d .

T e y a l s o n e e d t o r e p a i r a n d m a i n t a i n t h e m a c h i n e r e g u l a r l y a s w e l l a s t o c h a n g e t h e b l a d e s

o t h e m a c h i n e .

( C a u t i o n : T i s e x a m p l e m a y n o t b e a p p l i c a b l e t o s i m i l a r w o r k i n y o u r w o r k p l a c e ) .




N o . 1 2 3 4

L o a d i n g t h e

m a c h i n e w i t h w o o d

O p e r a t i n g t h e

m a c h i n e

U n l o a d i n g c u t w o o d

R e p a i r a n d

m a i n t e n a n c e o t h e

m a c h i n e

C u t t i n g

b l a d e s

U n g u a r d e d

m a c h i n e

F l y i n g

r a g m e n t s

H e a v y l o a d

U n g u a r d e

m a c h i n e ;

u n s a e w o r k

p r a c t i s e

S a e w o r k p r a c t i c e

S a e w o r k p r a c t i c e , d a i l y

p r e - u s e c h e c k a n d r e g u l a r

m a i n t e n a n c e

W a r n i n g s i g n s ; r a i n i n g ,

S a e t y g o g g l e s

M a n u a l l i i n g p r o c e d u r e

C o v e r ‘ o n

b u t t o n ’ S a e w o r k

p r a c t i c e

4

4

4 ( L o w )

A n d y ( 2 6 J u l y 2 0 0 7 )

c o m p l e t e d

U s e l e a t h e r h a n d g l o v e

C u t s / r s t a i d t y p e i n j u r y

H a n d g e t c a u g h t i n t o r o t a t i n g p a r t s /

a m p u t a t i o n

S e r i o u s c u t s & e y e i n j u r i e s b y

f y i n g

r a g m e n t s o b l a d e s t h a t b r e a k

d u r i n g c u t t i n g

M u s c u l a r s t r a i n / b a c k p a i n

S e r i o u s c u t s r o m b l a d e & g e t t i n g c o u g h t

i n r o t a t i n g p a r t s i m a c h i n e i s

a c c i d e n t a l l y s t a r t e d

W o r k

A k t i v i t y

H a z a r d


E x i s t i n g R i s k

C o n t r o l

( i a n y )


R i s k


C o n t r o l

M e a s u r e s

P I C

( D u e

d a t e /

s t a t u s )

A P P E N D I X D





H I R A R C F O R M

C o m p a n y :



( N a m e ,


D a t e :

C o n d u c t e d b y :

( N a m e ,


D a t e : ( r o m . . .

t o . . . )


3 D C o n s t r u c t i o n E n g . E n t p .

P l a s t e r i n g W o r k / E x t e r i o r W a l l .

M r . J

( S i t e M a n a g e r )

2 5 J u l a i 2 0 0 7

M r . B ( S u p e r v i s o r ) , M r . S & M r . R ( P l a s t e r e r )

2 4 J u n 2 0 0 7 t o 3 0 J u l y 2 0 0 7

1 .

2 .




N o . 1 2 3 4

E r e c t w o r k i n g

p l a t o r m

L o a d i n g c o n c r e t e

o n t o p l a t o r m

P l a s t e r i n g

C l e a r i n g u n u s e d m a t e r i a l

U n g u a r d e d

f o o r U n e v e n

f o o r

H e a v y l o a d

D e e c t i v e

p l a t o r m

H o t w e a t h e r

S h a r p o b j e c t

S a e t y h e l m e t ,

h o u s e k e e p i n g

H o u s e k e e p i n g ,

s a e t y s h o e s

M a n u a l l i i n g p r o c e d u r e

S a e t y b e l t

N i l

N i l

4 4 3 4 3 3

5 3 1 5 1 1

2 0 ( H i g h )

1 2

( m e d i u m )

3 ( l o w )

2 0 ( H i g h )

3 ( l o w )

3 ( l o w )

1 ) F e n c e u p p e r

f o o r

e x p o s e d e d g e s

2 ) E s t a b l i s h S a e W o r k

P r o c e d u r e u s e

J S A

P u t p l a n k o n

f o o r , a n t i

s l i p m a t

U s e s m a l l c o n t a i n e r

1 ) I n s t a l l h a n d r a i l

2 ) U s e n e w p l a n k a s

p l a t o r m

P r o v i d e d r i n k i n g a c i l i t i e s

U s e

l e a t h e r g l o v e , u s e t o o l

1 ) M

u t h u /

2 0 O g o s 0 7 c o m p

l e t e d

2 ) R a v i /

2

S e p t 0 7 c o m p

l e t e d

M u t h u /

2 6 J u l y 0 7 c o m p

l e t e d

M u t h u / 2 6 J u l y 0 7 c o m p

l e t e d

M u t h u / 2 6 J u l y 0 7 c o m p

l e t e d

A h m a d t o p u r c h a s e /

2 6 J u l y 0 7 i n p r o g r e s s

H e a d i n j u r y / a t a l

F a l l o p e r s o n / b r o k e n l e g

M u s c u l a r s t r a i n / B a c k p a i n

F a l l r o m h e i g h t / a t a l

D e h y d r a t e

F i n g e r c u t

W o r k

A k t i v i t y

H a z a r

d


E x i s t i n g

R i s k

C o n t r o l

( i a n y )


R i s k


C o n t r o l

M e a s u r e s

P I C

( D u e

d a t e /

s t a t u s )

W o r k e d e x a m p l e

S c e n a r i o 2 : W a l l e x t e r i o r p l a s t e r i n g w o r k

A g r o u p o t h r e e w o r k e r s w a s i n s t r u c t e d t o d o p l a s t e r i n g w o r k a t e x t e r i o r w a l l a t r s t

f o o r o t h e b u i l d i n g . T e i r w o r k i n c l u d e s

e r e c t i n g w o r k i n g p l a t o r m , w a l l p l a s t e r i n g w i t h c o n c r e t e a n d

d o c l e a r i n g w o r k .

( C a u t i o n : T i s e x a m p l e m a y n o t b e a p p l i c a b l e t o

s i m i l a r w o r k i n y o u r w o r k p l a c e ) .





APPENDIX EExample o Hazard Identifcation echnique

A. Job Hazard Analysis Defnition

Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) breaks a job or task into speci c steps, analyzes each step orspeci c hazards, develops sa e work procedures to eliminate or reduce those hazards, andintegrates sa e work procedures into sa ety and health programs. JHAs must be developed

or each job or task. Supervisors and workers must complete the JHA together. Procedure

Basic Steps - Job Hazard Analysis is broken down into 6 major steps:a. Select the job task to be analyzed.

Prioritize which job tasks to analyze. Tose job tasks where accidents and injuriesare occurring should be analyzed rst. Look at job tasks where there is a potential orserious injury. Look at new job tasks, these are important i a new process requires thedevelopment o new procedures and job tasks

b. Identi y the major sequence o steps or each step(Speci c job step Description).

Once a job task has been chosen, it must be broken down into logical steps. Limit thenumber o steps in a JHA to a manageable number. Most jobs can be described in tenor less steps. Te job steps must be kept in their proper sequence to ensure a properanalysis. Te opportunity to make recommendations will come later in the analysis.

c. Identi y the potential hazards or each step (Hazard Identifcation)

Once the job steps have been chosen, the potential hazards or each step can beidenti ed. Whatever can go wrong may go wrong! What are the potential hazards as aresult o each task step? Is the worker exposed to hazardous chemicals? Is the workersubject to poor workstation design? Tere may only be one, or there may be a largenumber or each job step.

d. Determine preventative measures to protect against the hazards(Required Precautions)

i. Te most important aspect o the job hazard analysis is to determine preventivemeasures to control or eliminate the identi ed hazards. What actions must betaken to control or eliminate the hazard?





ii. Eliminate the Hazard - Substitute with less hazardous substance/ material

iii. Contain/Enclose the Hazard - Use a ume hood or proper shielding

iv. Revise Sa e Work Procedures - Adding additional steps

v. Reduce Worker Exposure - Tis is the least e ective option in most cases, butmay have to be used when permanent work process change is impossible orimpracticable. Examples o this option include job rotation, where worker exposureis reduced, and the provision o personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers.

e. Develop a worker-training program

Re ormat the job hazard analysis into a training program to help the employee

eliminate or reduce hazards.

. Re-evaluation

Re-evaluate the job descriptions and modi y the job hazard analysis’ accordingly

B. Example - Job Hazard Analysis a. Selecting Jobs or Analysis

A job hazard analysis can be per ormed or all jobs in the workplace, whether the job task is “special” (non-routine) or routine. Even one-step jobs—such as those inwhich only a button is pressed—can and perhaps should be analyzed by evaluatingsurrounding work conditions. o determine which jobs should be analyzed rst,review your job injury and illness reports. Obviously, a job hazard analysis shouldbe conducted rst or jobs with the highest rates o disabling injuries and illnesses.Also, jobs where “close calls” or “near misses” have occurred should be given priority.Analyses o new jobs and jobs where changes have been made in processes andprocedures should ollow. Eventually, a job hazard analysis should be conducted andmade available to employees or all jobs in the workplace.

b. Involve the Employee

Once you have selected a job or analysis, discuss the procedure with the employeeper orming the job and explain its purpose. Point out that you are studying the jobitsel , not checking on the employee’s job per ormance. Involve the employee in allphases o the analysis— rom reviewing the job steps and procedures to discussingpotential hazards and recommended solutions. You also should talk to other workerswho have per ormed the same job.





c. Conducting the Job Hazard Analysis Be ore actually beginning the job hazard analysis, take a look at the general conditionsunder which the job is per ormed and develop a checklist. Below are some sample

questions you might ask -i. Are there materials on the oor that could trip a worker?

ii. Is lighting adequate?

iii. Are there any live electrical hazards at the jobsite?

iv. Are there any chemical, physical, biological, or radiation hazards associ ated withthe job or likely to develop?

v. Are tools—including hand tools, machines, and equipment - in need o repair?

vi. Is there excessive noise in the work area, hindering worker communication orcausing hearing loss?

vii. Are job procedures known and are they ollowed or modi ed?

viii. Are emergency exits clearly marked?

ix. Are trucks or motorized vehicles properly equipped with brakes, overhead guards,backup signals, horns, steering gear, and identi cation, as necessary?

x. Are all employees operating vehicles and equipment properly trained andauthorized?

xi. Are employees wearing proper personal protective equipment or the jobs they areper orming?

xii. Have any employees complained o headaches, breathing problems, dizziness, or

strong odors?

xiii. Is ventilation adequate, especially in con ned or enclosed spaces?

xiv. Have tests been made or oxygen de ciency and toxic umes in con ned spacesbe ore entry?

xv. Are work stations and tools designed to prevent back and wrist injuries?

xvi. Are employees trained in the event o a re, explosion, or toxic gas release?





Naturally this list is by no means complete as each worksite has its own requirements andenvironmental conditions. You should add your own questions to the list. Photographs,i appropriate, may be used in creating a more detailed analysis o the work environment. d. Breaking the Job Down

Nearly every job can be broken down into job tasks or steps. In the rst part o the job hazard analysis, list each step o the job in order o occurrence as you watch theemployee per orming the job. Be sure to record enough in ormation to describe each job action, but do not make the breakdown too detailed. Later, go over the job stepswith the employee.

e. Identi ying Hazards

A er you have recorded the job steps, next examine each step to determine the hazardsthat exist or that might occur. Ask yoursel these kinds o questions: i. Is the worker wearing personal protective clothing and equipment, including

sa ety harnesses that are appropriate or the job?

ii. Are work positions, machinery, pits or holes, and hazardous operations adequately guarded?

iii. Are lockout procedures used or machinery deactivation during mainte nanceprocedures?

iv. Is the worker wearing clothing or jewelry that could get caught in the machinery or otherwise cause a hazard?

v. Are there xed objects that may cause injury, such as sharp machine edges?

vi. Is the ow o work improperly organized (e.g., Is the worker required to makemovements that are too rapid)?

vii. Can the worker get caught in or between machine parts?

viii. Can the worker be injured by reaching over moving machinery parts ormaterials?

ix. Is the worker at any time in an o -balance position?

x. Is the worker positioned to the machine in a way that is potentially dangerous?

xi. Is the worker required to make movements that could lead to or cause hand oroot injuries, or strain rom li ing— the hazards o repetitive motions?





xii. Can the worker be struck by an object or lean against or strike a machine part orobject?

xiii. Can the worker all rom one level to another?

xiv. Can the worker be injured rom li ing or pulling objects, or rom carrying heavy objects?

xv. Do environmental hazards—dust, chemicals, radiation, welding rays, heat, orexcessive noise—result rom the per ormance o the job?

Repeat the job observation as o en as necessary until all hazards have been identi ed.





S EP HAZARD REQUIREMEN S

1. Determinewhat is in thetank, whatprocess isgoing on inthe tank, andwhat hazardsthis can pose.

2. Selectand trainoperators.

3. Set upequipment

4. Install ladder

in tank.5. Prepare to

enter tank.

Improper oxygen levelChemical exposure -Gas, dust, vapor -irritant, toxicLiquid - irritant, toxic,corrosive, heatedSolid - irritant,corrosiveMoving blades/equipment

Operator withrespiratory or heartproblem; other physicallimitation. Untrained

operator - ailure toper orm task

Hoses, cord, equipment- tripping hazards.Electrical - voltagetoo high, exposedconductors.Motors not locked outand tagged.

Ladder slipping.

Gas or liquid in tank.

Establish con ned space entry procedures (Code o Practice or con ne space).• Obtain work permit signed by safety, maintenance,

and supervisors.• Test air by quali ed person.• Ventilate to 19.5% -23.5% oxygen and less than 10%

LEL o any ammable gas. Steaming inside o tank,ushing and draining, then ventilating, as previously

described, may be required.• Provide appropriate respiratory equipment - SCBA or

air line respirator.• Provide protective clothing for head, eyes, body, and

eet.• Provide harness and lifeline. (Reference: ......).• Tanks should be cleaned from outside, if possible.

• Examination by industrial physician for suitability towork.

• Train operators.• Dry run. (Reference: ......).

• Arrange hoses, cords, lines, and equipment in orderly ashion, with room to manoeuvre sa ely.

• Use ground-fault circuit interrupter.• Lockout and tag mixing motor, if present.

• Secure to manhole top or rigid structure.

Empty tank through existing piping.• Review emergency procedures.• Open tank.• Check of jobsite by industrial hygienist or safety

pro essional.• Install blanks in anges in piping to tank (isolate tank).• Test atmosphere in tank by quali ed person (long

probe).

C. Worked example Job Hazard Analysis

Cleaning Inside Sur ace o Chemical ank - op Manhole Entry





S EP HAZARD REQUIREMEN S

6. Placeequipmentat tank-entry position.

7. Enter tank.

8. Cleaningtank.

9. Cleaning up.

rip or all.

Reaction to chemicals,causing mist orexpulsion o aircontaminant.

Handling o equipment,causing injury.

Use mechanical-handling equipment.• Provide guardrails around work positions at tank top.• Provide personal protective equipment for conditions

ound. (Re erence:......).

• Provide outside helper to watch, instruct, and guideoperator entering tank, with capability to li operator

rom tank in emergency.

Provide protective clothing and equipment or alloperators and helpers.• Provide lighting for tank (Class I, Div. 1).• Provide exhaust ventilation.

• Provide air supply to interior of tank.• Frequent monitoring of air in tank.• Replace operator or provide rest periods.• Provide means of communication to get help, if needed.• Provide tow-man standby for any emergency.

Dry run.• Use material-handling equipment.





Department o Occupational Sa ety and HealthMinistry o Human Resources

Level 2,3 & 4, Block D3, Parcel D,Federal Government Administrative Centre

62505 Putrajaya.

gl hirarc bi

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