Explorando el Financiamiento y MRV hacia la Integración entre Mitigación y Adaptación en las

Políticas Climáticas

Financiamiento de Mitigación y Adaptación: Mecanismos y Tendencias

Global Landscape of Climate Finance

http://www.climatefinancelandscape.org/

Financiamiento para el cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe

http://repositorio.cepal.org/

392

27

Flujos de Financiamiento Climático (MMM$) (2014)

Inversión Global en CC Inversión CC en LAC

493

Subsidios (MMM$) (2014)

Subsidios a comb fósiles

NDCs a 2030 requieren 13,500 mmm. Si se mantiene este nivel, harían falta 34 años de financiamiento para lograr las metas NDCs Solamente quedan 14 años

39%

61%

Inversión global (%)

Sector público

Sector privado

81%

19%

Inversión LAC (%)

Sector público

Sector privado

1%

35%

56%

8%

Inversión LAC fondos públicos (%)

Fondos climaticos

Bancos multilaterales

Bancos de desarrollonacionales

Otros recursos nacionales

364

27

Inversión mitigación-adaptación (b$)

Mitigación Adaptación

74%

26%

Flujo de la inversión pública (%)

Inversión doméstica Inversión internacional

91%

9%

Flujo de la inversión privada (%)

Inversión doméstica Inversión internacional

¿Qué puede hacer y está haciendo el PNUD hacia la integración de mitigación y adaptación?

CAMBIO CLIMATIVO ES PARTE DEL DESARROLLO • "Mitigating and adapting to climate

change is entirely compatible with pursuing development. The right mix of policies, skills, and incentives can influence behaviour and encourage investments in climate-friendly businesses and activities. Thereby, we can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and generate new economic opportunities and jobs."

Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator

PORTAFOLIO CLIMATICO DEL PNUD

Estructura interna

Diferentes perfiles de experticia

Enfoque de proyecto vs enfoque integral

Tradicional separación de temas en en seno de la Convención

“Cultura” de separación

Ventanas de financiamiento separadas

BARRERAS A LA INTEGRACION

RESTRUCTURACION DEL PNUD BUREAU FOR

DEVELOPMENT POLICY

BUREAU FOR CRISIS

PREVENTION & RECOVERY

Climate Change mitigation and adaptation

Natural Disaster Resilience

BUREAU FOR POLICY AND PROGRAMME

SUPPORT

Cluster C: Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction

Gestión sostenible de los bienes y

servicios ecosistémicos

Escalamiento de la adaptación y

mitigación del CC

Servicios energéticos sostenibles, asequibles y

accesibles

Gobernanza mejorada de las aguas y océanos

Gestión sostenible de químicos y

desechos

UNDP Oficina País

Comunicaciones Nacionales & BURs

NAMAS

NAPs & NAPAs

NDC & LEDS

Proyectos de acción climática

INTEGRAR ESFUERZOS Y REFORZAR LA ALINEACION CON POLITICAS NACIONALES DE DESARROLLO

ROL CLAVE DE LAS OFICINAS PAIS

• Diálogo politico • Visión integrada – vision país • Sinergias entre Proyecto • Intercambios de experiencias • Metodologías, buenas

practicas, etc

Apoyo a países a identificar vínculos

y oportunidades para el desarrollo de

políticas y programas que vinculen los

compromisos climáticos y los

objetivos de desarrollo nacionales

para transitar hacia un desarrollo de

carbono cero y resiliente al clima.

AGENDA 2030

1 5

End

poverty

Gender

3

Health

4 2

Food

security Education

14 15 13 12 6

Water Climate Oceans Bio

diversity

Cons

&

prod Global

solidarity

17 16

Peace

11 10 9 8 7

Energy Growth Inequality

Cities

Infra-

structure

Sustainable, affordable and

accessible energy services

Improved water and

ocean governance

Sustainable management of ecosystem goods

and services

Sustainable management of chemicals and

waste

Scaling up climate change

adaptation and mitigation

MANDATO PARA TODO PNUD - NO SOLO PARA CAMBIO CLIMATICO -

Apoyo del PNUD

Apoyo a inventarios de GEI

Acciones de Mitigación Nacionalmente Apropiadas (NAMAs)

Estrategias de Desarrollo Bajo en Emisiones (LEDS)

Medición Reporte y Verificación (MRV)

Participación del sector privado en acciones de mitigación

Herramientas de finanzas climáticas

Programa Regional de Cambio Climático para LAC

Programa de Desarrollo de Capacidades para Emisiones Bajas

Apoyo a NDCs

FINANCIAMIENTO CLIMATICO

Financiamiento Público

Financiamiento

Privado

Financiamiento Cooperación Internacional

Assessing & Planning Climate Finance Overview on UNDP Climate Finance Methodologies

CPEIR I&FF

PCEIR DREI

Climate Public Expenditure & Institutional Review

What challenge does the approach address: Identify current amounts of public resources already spent on mitigation.

Key features of methodology: Helps Ministries of Finance, Planning & Environment to gather evidence on

the breadth of climate change related expenditures in their budgets. (MRV)

More information on CPEIR: http://www.aideffectiveness.org/CPEIR

Private Climate Expenditure & Institutional Review

What challenge does the approach address: Identify current amounts of private resources spent on mitigation.

Key features of methodology: Capture a full picture of private financial flows for climate change

mitigation & to support decision making on the use of public funds to incentivize private sector investment.

Methodology: Phase 1 - Scoping. Phase 2 - Data collection & reporting .

More information on the PCEIR: https://undp.unteamworks.org/node/492813

Investment & Financial Flow Analysis (I&FF)

What challenge does the approach address: Costing future investment & financial flows needed to address climate change according to cc strategies or INDC. To implement existing cc strategies and commitments: questions

regarding costs, potential funding sources, implementing entities & timing of investments.

I&FF assessments address these questions, not only to quantify the costs of measures within their INDCs, but also analyze full national investment landscape to determine funding sources, implementation entities, investment timings.

To structure finance efficiently & to budget additional mitigation efforts coherently.

Investment & Financial Flow Analysis (I&FF) :

Engage key ministries & identify key sectors Organize National Inter-Ministerial Dialogue Organize training on I&FF methodology Conduct I&FF assessments: • Project baseline scenario & mitigation/adaptation scenario • Cost scenarios, e.g., information broken down to investment entities,

years, activities • Identify necessary investment changes (mitigation and adaptation) • Develop policy recommendations on necessary changes

Conduct National Inter-Ministerial Dialogue

Download I&FF methodology & support material: http://www.undpcc.org/en/financial-analysis/methodology Download finalized assessments:: http://www.undpcc.org/en/financial-analysis/results

Key messages

• Using various sources of finance will make NDC implementation more efficient

• While the effective participation of the private sector remains a challenge, their role in NDC implementation is critical

• Multilateral funds and public funds can help provide incentives

to attract private finance

• The role of public policy in creating an enabling environment for investment is key to addressing barriers

• Having a good understanding of the financial landscape is essential

Some issues to consider

• Need to develop a funding strategy as part of an NDC implementation plan

• Funding strategy should be addressed in a comprehensive way (considering public funding, private investment, and international support)

• Opportunities for blending different types of finance to unlock investment from private sector (where bulk of finance is)

• Understanding the possible impacts of finance blending on countries’ estimates of NDC implementation costs • E.g., targeted financial instruments that change risk-return ratio

and leverage private investment can decrease finance needs from other sources