estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas españolas a la ley...
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8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 1/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb
oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz
bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa
\bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%
ALZB\SIXA\EA HB OI ZBGR\EHIH HB OI EKCA\FIJEÚK
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bhejeúk0 @roea <>>=
Oi ~|bzbkxb ~rloejijeúk ~b|xbkbjb i Ekzxexrxa Kijeakio hb Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Jafrkejijeúk -EKXBJA% u bzxé li`a rkioejbkjei \bjakajefebkxa&Ka jafb|jeio <+2 Bz~iùi hb J|bixesb Jaffakz/ u ~a| booa bzxi ~b|fexeha ja~ei|/ hezx|elre| ujafrkeji| ~ðloejifbkxb bzxi al|i li`a oiz jakhejeakbz zegrebkxbz0
• \bjakajefebkxa0 Bo jakxbkeha hb bzxb ekca|fb zb ~rbhb |b~|ahrje| xaxio a ~i|jeiofbkxb ~a| xb|jb|az/ jexikha zr~|ajbhbkjei u mijebkha |bcb|bkjei b}~|bzi xikxa i EKXBJA jafa i zr zexea wbl0 www+ekxbja+bz+ Hejma |bjakajefebkxaka ~ah|é bk kekgðk jiza zrgb|e| yrb EKXBJA ~|bzxi i~aua i hejma xb|jb|a a i~aui bo rza yrb mijb hb zr al|i+
• Rza Ka Jafb|jeio0 Bo fixb|eio a|egekio u oaz x|ili`az hb|esihaz ~rbhbk zb| hezx|elrehaz/ ja~eihaz u b}melehaz febkx|iz zrrza ka xbkgi cekbz jafb|jeiobz+
Io |brxeoepi| a hezx|elre| oi al|i/ xebkb yrb hb`i| lebk joi|a oaz xå|fekaz hb oi oejbkjei hb bzxi al|i+ Iogrki hb bzxiz jakhejeakbz~rbhb ka i~oeji|zb ze zb alxebkb bo ~b|feza hb EKXBJA jafa xexroi| hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb irxa|+ Kihi bk bzxi oejbkjeifbkazjili a |bzx|ekgb oaz hb|bjmaz fa|iobz hb EKXBJA+
Xb}xa jaf~obxa hb oi oejbkjei0
mxx~0!!j|bixesbjaffakz+a|g!oejbkzbz!lu&kj!<+2!bz!
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki < hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
ÆKHEJB
ÆKHEJB+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++: ^RKXAZ JOISB+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3
E +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3 Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
EE ++++++++++++++3 Kesbo hb iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk oi ~ufb
EEE ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++= C|bkaz ~i|i oi iha~jeúk u lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb booi
9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9> EKX\AHRJJEÚK U AL@BXESAZ
9+9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9> ^|bzbkxijeúk
9+9+9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9> Ekzxexrxa Kijeakio hb Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Jafrkejijeúk+
9+9+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9> Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
9+< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++99 Jakxb}xa u a~a|xrkehih hbo bzxrhea
9+: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9: Al`bxesaz hbo bzxrhea
9+8 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++98 Hezbùa fbxahaoúgeja
9+8+9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++92 Bxi~i hb eksbzxegijeúk
9+8+< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<9 Bxi~i hb ikéoezez u boila|ijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz
9+8+: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<9 Bzx|rjxr|i hb jakxbkehaz
< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<< ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZ
<+9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<< Kbjbzehih hb rki ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
<+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<: J|akaoagæi hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk Bz~iùi
<+: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<3 Hb|bjma jaf~i|iha
: <5 ALOEGIJEAKBZ ^I\I OIZ ^UFBZ BK FIXB\EI HB ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZ
8
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:: KESBO HB IHA^JEÚK HB OI KA\FIXESI ZAL\B OI ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZBK OIZ ^UFBZ
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki : hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
8+9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:: I~|a}efijeúk i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb
8+9+9
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++::
Jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
8+9+< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:3 Jakajefebkxa hb oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz
8+9+: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:7 B}ezxbkjei hb cejmb|az
8+9+8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8> I~oejijeúk hb ~aoæxejiz hb zbgr|ehih
8+< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++89 Jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi segbkxb
8+<+9 ++++++++++++++89 Hbjoi|ijeúk hb oaz cejmb|az bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+
8+<+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++83 Ekca|fijeúk io ekxb|bziha zal|b oi |bjagehi hb hixaz+
8+<+: +++++++++++++++++87 Jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb zrz hixaz+
8+<+8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++85 Jioehih hb oaz hixaz+
8+<+2 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2> Jbzeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
8+<+3 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++29 X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz jbhehaz ~a| rk xb|jb|a+
8+<+7 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++28 Hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+
8+<+= ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++25
Gbzxeúk hbo x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk x|ikzcb|bkjeiz
ekxb|kijeakiobz+
8+<+5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3>
X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio jak cekbz hb ~rloejehih u
~|az~bjjeúk jafb|jeio+
8+<+9> +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++39 Hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih
8+<+99 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3: Fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih
8+<+9< +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++58 Cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz bk za~a|xb ~i~bo+
8+: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++53
Jakjebkjeijeúk hb oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oe| jak oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
8+8 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++57
Ekz~bjjeakbz/ hbkrkjeiz u zikjeakbz hb|esihiz hbo ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi
ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
2 ++++++++++++++9>> C\BKAZ ^I\I OI IHA^JEÚK U LBKBCEJEAZ HB\ESIHAZ HB BOOI
2+9 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>> C|bkaz i oi iha~jeúk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki 8 hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
2+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>< Lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi ef~oikxijeúk
3
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>2
JAKJORZEAKBZ
7 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>7 \BJAFBKHIJEAKBZ HB IJXRIJEÚK
7+9 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>7 \bjafbkhijeakbz i oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz
7+< ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++99> \bjafbkhijeakbz io zbjxa| ~|esiha
ÆKHEJB HB G\ÉCEJAZ+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++99< ÆKHEJB HB XILOIZ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++993
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki 2 hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
^RKXAZ JOISB
E Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio hb xaha jerhihika i
jakx|aoi| zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u i hez~akb| u hbjehe| zal|b oaz fezfaz+
Oi gbkb|ioepijeúk hb oiz xbjkaoagæiz hb ekca|fijeúk u jafrkejijeúk -XEJ% mi ~|asajiha
oi j|bijeúk hb fbjikezfaz yrb cijeoexik bo ekxb|jiflea u x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz+ Bk bzxb
jakxb}xa/ bz kbjbzi|ea izbgr|i| bo byreoel|ea bkx|b oiz ~azeleoehihbz yrb ac|bjbk oiz XEJ u
oi gi|ikxæi hbo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Ef~oæjexa io |bjakajefebkxa hb bzxb hb|bjma i xahaz oaz jerhihikaz/ oi obgezoijeúk ef~akbi oiz a|gikepijeakbz yrb hez~akbk hb cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz rki zb|eb hb
aloegijeakbz xbkhbkxbz i gi|ikxepi| bo hb|bjma+ Bz bk bzxb jakxb}xa bk bo yrb zb
bkfi|ji bo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea/ yrb xebkb jafa al`bxesa ikioepi| bo kesbo hb ihbjrijeúk hb
oi ~byrbùi u fbheiki bf~|bzi bz~iùaoi i oiz hez~azejeakbz hb|esihiz hb oi ka|fixesi
zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
EE Kesbo hb iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk oi ~ufb
Oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi frbzx|i rk li`a kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ xikxa hb oi OA^H/ segbkxb hbzhb 9555 -:8"% jafa hbo |bjebkxb|bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%/ bk sega| hbzhb il|eo hb <>>= -98"%+ Hiha yrb oi obu
oobsi bk sega| jize hebp iùaz/ yrb zr i~oejijeúk bz hb aloegiha jrf~oefebkxa ~i|i xahiz
oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ u yrb zb ~|bsåk zikjeakbz ikxb zr
ekjrf~oefebkxa/ ~|bajr~i bo bzjiza jakajefebkxa hb oi fezfi bkx|b bo jaobjxesa ~ufb+
Hb mbjma/ ~|éjxejifbkxb oi xaxioehih hb bf~|bziz fikb`ik hixaz ~b|zakiobz0 bo 53" hb
oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz hez~akbk hb cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -ui zbi bk zrz
zezxbfiz ekca|féxejaz a bk zrz i|jmesaz bk ~i~bo% u bzxék ~a| xikxa ~axbkjeiofbkxb
zr`bxiz i oi ka|fixesi+
Oiz ~ufbz x|ili`ik ~|ekje~iofbkxb jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hb joebkxbz -7<"%/
~|asbbha|bz -29"% u kúfekiz -:>"%/ yrb ekja|~a|ik hixaz ~b|zakiobz hbo xe~a kafl|b
-73"%/ he|bjjeúk -79"% u xboåcaka -7>"% hbo xexroi| hbo hb|bjma+
Zb frbzx|ik i jakxekrijeúk iogrkaz hixaz joisb zal|b bo kesbo hb iha~jeúk hb oi
ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb0
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki 3 hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
• Rk :7" ice|fi milb| hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi IB^H4 oi sb|ecejijeúk
~azxb|ea| jakce|fi yrb zúoa rk 93" hb oiz ~ufbz mi kaxecejiha bcbjxesifbkxb oaz
cejmb|az ikxb bo \bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+ Bzxb hixa bz jamb|bkxbjak oi ~azxr|i hb oi IB^H/ yrb bzxefi yrb bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
aloegijeúk bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz hb bkx|b bo 9> u bo 92"+ Bo hbzcizb bkx|b
hbjoi|ijeúk u zexrijeúk |bio jakce|fi oi b}ezxbkjei hb rk ioxa zbzga -faxesiha ~a|
bo al`bxa hbo bzxrhea0 kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hb rki obu% u mijb zaz~bjmi| yrb bo|bzxa hb |bzroxihaz ~rbhbk sb|zb icbjxihaz ~a| bzxb fezfa zbzga+
• Bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hbjoi|iha hb oiz ~|ekje~iobz aloegijeakbz ~|bsezxiz bk oi
OA^H zb frbsb bk xa|ka io <>&:>"+ Ze zb izrfb rk jeb|xa zbzga bk oiz
|bz~rbzxiz/ bo kesbo zb|æi xahisæi féz |bhrjeha+ Iogrkaz hb oaz hixaz féz
|bobsikxbz zak0
a Bf~|bziz yrb jrf~obk jak bo hblb| hb ekca|fijeúk0 <5"
a Bf~|bziz yrb jrf~obk jak bo hblb| hb jakzbkxefebkxa0 <5"
a Bf~|bziz yrb hez~akbk hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz jaf~obxaz u b}ijxaz0 <="
a Bf~|bziz yrb mik bzxilobjeha ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i gi|ikxepi| bo b`b|jejea
hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk
-hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+% ~a| oaz ~i|xejroi|bz0 <>"+
• Bo jrf~oefebkxa ka bz mafagåkba bkx|b oiz hecb|bkxbz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih
~|bsezxiz bk bo |bgoifbkxa+ Åzxb zb mi ikioepiha zúoa ~i|i oiz bf~|bziz yrb
ice|fik milb| hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi IB^H/ u azjeoi bkx|b rk <2" ~i|ioiz fbhehiz fbkaz ef~obfbkxihiz u rk 5>" ~i|i oiz féz b}exaziz+ I
jakxekrijeúk zb bkrfb|i bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hb iogrkiz hb oiz fbhehiz
ikioepihiz0
a Bf~|bziz yrb hez~akbk hb hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih0 =<"
a Bf~|bziz yrb mik hesrogiha oi ka|fixesi hb zbgr|ehih bkx|b zrz
bf~obihaz0 7<"
a Bf~|bziz yrb jrbkxik jak rk |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz0 <2"
a Bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk ef~oikxiha rk jakx|ao hb ijjbza0 =5"
a Bf~|bziz jak rzri|ea u jakx|izbùi0 8="
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki 7 hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
• ^a| oa yrb |bz~bjxi io jaf~a|xifebkxa hb oiz ~ufbz jak |bz~bjxa i cejmb|az ka
irxafixepihaz/ bo <>" xebkb bzxilobjehiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih byresiobkxbz bk
bo jiza hb cejmb|az irxafixepihaz u ka irxafixepihaz/ u bo <:" ice|fi joizeceji|
zr hajrfbkxijeúk bk ~i~bo bk crkjeúk hb oi jakcehbkjeioehih hbo jakxbkeha+Irkyrb ka zb x|ixi hb rki b}egbkjei ka|fixesi/ zr~akb rk ekhejea hb yrb rk <>"
hbo xb`eha ~ufb bz~iùao frbzx|i rki bz~bjeio zbkzeleoepijeúk mijei bo x|ixifebkxa
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
hb cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk za~a|xb ~i~bo/ u ~a| xikxa ~i|bjb yrb bkx|b
booiz oi ihi~xijeúk i oiz hez~azejeakbz hbo |bgoifbkxa |bzroxi|é/ i ~|ea|e/ zbkjeooa+
• I ~bzi| hb yrb oaz hixaz zal|b kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa zak jeb|xifbkxb fb`a|ilobz/
bo fbkzi`b cekio oikpiha ~a| oiz ~ufbz bz ~azexesa0 rk =<" fikecebzxi bzxi|
jakjebkjeihi zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi/ u rk 75"
ice|fi yrb hbzxeki|é |bjr|zaz -mrfikaz u bjakúfejaz% ~i|i zr ef~obfbkxijeúk+
EEE C|bkaz ~i|i oi iha~jeúk u lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb booi
Oi zexrijeúk hb oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bk oa yrb zb |bceb|b io kesbo hb jakajefebkxa u iha~jeúk
hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ka bz bz~bjeiofbkxb ~azexesi/ bk ~i|xb hbleha
i oi b}ezxbkjei hb rki zb|eb hb c|bkaz a li||b|iz jak oaz yrb zb bkjrbkx|ik oiz ~ufbz bkzr ~|ajbza hb iha~jeúk i oi ka|fixesi0
• Cioxi hb zbkzeleoehih mijei oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u
hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi obu0 bk gbkb|io/ oiz ~ufbz ka zak jakzjebkxbz hb oi |ipúk
hb zb| hb rki ka|fixesi yrb ~|axb`i oaz hixaz hb oiz ~b|zakiz ~a| oa yrb/ iðk bk
bo jiza hb yrb jakapjik oi b}ezxbkjei hb oi obu/ oi ~b|jelbk jafa rki ef~azejeúk
a ji|gi u ka jafa ioga yrb ~rbhi i~a|xi| rk lbkbcejea |bio ~i|i zr kbgajea+
• \bjmipa io jiflea0 yrepéz ~a| oiz |bhrjehiz hefbkzeakbz hb oiz ~ufbz/ åzxiz
xebkhbk i fazx|i| rk ji|éjxb| féz jakzb|siha| yrb oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz/ u zrijxexrh ikxb krbsaz ~|ajbzaz hb x|ili`a ~rbhb ka |bzroxi| cisa|ilob+
• Oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz -bjakúfejaz/ mrfikaz u hb xebf~a%0 åzxb/ `rkxa jak bo
hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi obu u oi cioxi hb jakjebkjeijeúk/ zak oaz faxesaz féz
iobgihaz ~a| oiz ~ufbz jafa jirzi ~i|i oi ka iha~jeúk+ ^b|jelbk bo jazxb u
xebf~a hb ef~obfbkxijeúk b}jbzesaz/ u jakzehb|ik yrb oi kbjbzehih hb hbzsei|
|bjr|zaz mrfikaz hbo al`bxa ~|ekje~io hbo kbgajea ~i|i oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi
ka|fixesi bz ~aja bcbjxesa+
• Éflexa xåjkeja hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz0 xikxa oi obu jafa bo
|bgoifbkxa ihboikxik jakjb~xaz yrb |bzroxik b}jbzesifbkxb xåjkejaz/ xbkebkha
bk jrbkxi yrb bo hbzxekixi|ea hb oi ka|fixesi ka bz rk b}~b|xa bk ka|fixesi zal|b
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ zeka rki ~ufb jrua al`bxa hb kbgajea/ bk frjmiz
ajizeakbz/ ka xebkb kihi yrb sb| jak booa+ Oi b}jbzesi jaf~ob`ehih hb oi ka|fi
zr~akb rk c|bka ~i|i zr ef~obfbkxijeúk+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki = hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
• B||úkbi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi0 ekjorza bk oaz jizaz bk yrb oiz
bf~|bziz zb frbzx|ik cisa|ilobz i oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi/ åzxi zb
mijb hb ca|fi ekja||bjxi a ekjaf~obxi+ Izæ/ iogrkiz ji|bkjeiz hbxbjxihiz zak oi
cioxi hb zbgrefebkxa ~azxb|ea| i oi ihbjrijeúk/ a oi ihi~xijeúk zúoa ~i|jeio+
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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^i|i jakx|i||bzxi| bzxaz ~azelobz c|bkaz yrb icbjxik bk bz~bjeio i oiz ~byrbùiz
bf~|bziz/ bz kbjbzi|ea jakjebkjei| io jaobjxesa zal|b oaz lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi
ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Zb bkrfb|ik i jakxekrijeúk0
• Bo sioa| hb oaz hixaz0 oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz zak/ bk zæ fezfaz/ rk ijxesa féz hb oi
bf~|bzi+ Zr sioa| |bzehb bk bo mbjma hb x|ixi|zb hb rki ekca|fijeúk bk frjmaz
jizaz ekhez~bkzilob ~i|i jakxekri| jak oi ijxesehih hb oi bf~|bzi0 hixaz zal|b
joebkxbz/ ~|asbbha|bz a bf~obihaz jakzxexrubk rki ekca|fijeúk fru sioeazi/ u
~ajiz sbjbz oi ~ufb zb ~oikxbi oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz kbgixesiz hb rki ~å|hehi hb
bzxi ekca|fijeúk+
• Irfbkxa hb jioehih bk oiz a~b|ijeakbz0 oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
ekja|~a|i ~irxiz yrb icbjxik i oi zezxbfixepijeúk hb oi ekca|fijeúk u jioehih hb oi
fezfi/ u yrb ef~oejik bzxilobjb| ~|ajbzaz yrb fb`a|ik/ i oi|ga ~oipa/ oi jioehih
bk oiz a~b|ijeakbz hb oi bf~|bzi+
• Fb`a|i hb oi efigbk ja|~a|ixesi0 bz jihi sbp féz i~|bjeiha ~a| ~|asbbha|bz/
joebkxbz/ u |bzxa hb igbkxbz bf~|bzi|eiobz/ bo mbjma hb yrb oiz bf~|bziz miuik
ihi~xiha zr ijxrijeúk i oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
• Bz rk hb|bjma crkhifbkxio/ u ~a| xikxa zb hblb sboi| ~a| zr gi|ikxæi u |bz~bxa+
Ihbféz/ bo ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz bf~|bziz jakoobsi oii~oejijeúk hb ~azelobz zikjeakbz+
• Cijeoehih bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk0 bk bzxb zbkxeha/ oi IB^H bzxé hbzi||aooikha
mb||ifebkxiz xbkhbkxbz i cijeoexi| oi iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz
bf~|bziz+
• J|bijeúk hb rk bkxa|ka hb zbgr|ehih0 oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
~rbhb jakzxexre| bo ~|efb| ~iza ~i|i yrb oi ~ufb ijjbhi i rk bkxa|ka féz
iflejeaza hb zbgr|ehih/ jafa ~rbhb zb| ~a| b`bf~oa oi jb|xecejijeúk bk rk
Zezxbfi hb Gbzxeúk hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk -ZGZE%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ^byrbùiz u Fbheikiz Bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H% ^égeki 5 hb 997 Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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9 EKX\AHRJJEÚK U AL@BXESAZ
9+9 ^|bzbkxijeúk
9+9+9 Ekzxexrxa Kijeakio hb Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Jafrkejijeúk+
Bo Ekzxexrxa Kijeakio hb Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Jafrkejijeúk -EKXBJA%/ zajebhih bzxixio
~|afasehi ~a| bo Fekezxb|ea hb Ekhrzx|ei/ Xr|ezfa u Jafb|jea/ bz rki ~oixica|fi ~i|i bo
hbzi||aooa hb oi Zajebhih hbo Jakajefebkxa i x|isåz hb ~|aubjxaz hbo éflexa hb oi
ekkasijeúk u oi xbjkaoagæi+ Zr al`bxesa bz halob0 ~a| rki ~i|xb/ jakx|elre| i oi
jaksb|gbkjei hb Bz~iùi jak Br|a~i bk oi Zajebhih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u/ hb ax|i ~i|xb/
~|afasb| bo hbzi||aooa |bgeakio/ bk|iepikha bk Obúk rk ~|aubjxa jak sajijeúk goalio+ Oi
fezeúk hb EKXBJA bz ef~rozi| u hbzi||aooi| ~|aubjxaz hb ekkasijeúk |boijeakihaz jak bozbjxa| hb oiz Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u oi Jafrkejijeúk -XEJ% u bk gbkb|io/ bk bo
éflexa hb oi Zajebhih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk/ yrb fb`a|bk oi ~azejeúk hb Bz~iùi u i~a|xbk
jaf~bxexesehih/ b}xbkhebkha zrz ji~ijehihbz xikxa io bkxa|ka br|a~ba jafa io
oixekaifb|ejika+ Izæ/ bo Ekzxexrxa xebkb oi sajijeúk hb zb| rk jbkx|a hb hbzi||aooa hb
ji|éjxb| ekkasiha| u hb ekxb|åz ~ðloeja i kesbo kijeakio yrb jakzxexre|é rki ekejeixesi
bk|eyrbjbha|i u hecrza|i hb oiz krbsiz xbjkaoagæiz bk Bz~iùi bk joi|i zekxakæi jak
Br|a~i+ Bo al`bxa zajeio hb EKXBJA bz oi gbzxeúk/ izbza|ifebkxa/ ~|afajeúk u hecrzeúk
hb ~|aubjxaz xbjkaoúgejaz bk bo fi|ja hb oi Zajebhih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk+ ^i|i booa/
EKXBJA hbzi||aooi|é ijxrijeakbz/ io fbkaz/ bk oækbiz bzx|ixågejiz hb Zbgr|ehihXbjkaoúgeji/ Ijjbzeleoehih/ Ekkasijeúk bk zaorjeakbz XEJ ~i|i oi ^ufb/ b&Ziorh/ b&
Hbfaj|ijei+
9+9+< Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
Bo Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk zb ekzb|xi hbkx|a hb oi oækbi bzx|ixågeji
hb ijxrijeúk hb EKXBJA bk fixb|ei hb Zbgr|ehih Xbjkaoúgeji+
Bo Alzb|sixa|ea kijb jak bo al`bxesa hb hbzj|ele| hb fikb|i hbxiooihi u zezxbféxeji bo
kesbo hb zbgr|ehih u jakceikpi bk oi Zajebhih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u hb gbkb|i|jakajefebkxa bz~bjeioepiha bk oi fixb|ei+ Hb bzxb faha/ zb bkjrbkx|i io zb|sejea hb oaz
jerhihikaz/ oiz bf~|bziz u oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz bz~iùaoiz ~i|i hbzj|ele|/
ikioepi|/ izbza|i| u hecrkhe| oi jroxr|i hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u oi b&Jakceikpi+
Bo Alzb|sixa|ea mi hezbùiha rk ^oik hb Ijxesehihbz u Bzxrheaz jak bo al`bxa hb ~|ahrje|
jakajefebkxa bz~bjeioepiha u ðxeo bk fixb|ei hb zbgr|ehih ~a| ~i|xb hb EKXBJA/ izæ
jafa hb boila|i| |bjafbkhijeakbz u ~|a~rbzxiz yrb hbcekik xbkhbkjeiz séoehiz ~i|i oi
xafi hb hbjezeakbz crxr|iz ~a| ~i|xb hb oaz ~ahb|bz ~ðloejaz+
Hbkx|a hb bzxb ~oik hb ijjeúk zb |bioepik oila|bz hb eksbzxegijeúk/ ikéoezez/ bzxrhea/izbza|ifebkxa u hesrogijeúk yrb ixbkhb|ék/ bkx|b ax|iz/ i oiz zegrebkxbz bzx|ixbgeiz0
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
• Boila|ijeúk hb bzxrheaz b ekca|fbz ~|a~eaz bk fixb|ei hb zbgr|ehih hb oiz
Xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Ekca|fijeúk u oi Jafrkejijeúk/ jak bz~bjeio åkcizez bk oi
Zbgr|ehih bk Ekxb|kbx+
• Zbgrefebkxa hb oaz ~|ekje~iobz ekhejiha|bz u ~aoæxejiz ~ðloejiz |boijeakihiz jak oi
zbgr|ehih hb oi ekca|fijeúk u oi jakceikpi bk bo éflexa kijeakio b ekxb|kijeakio+
• Gbkb|ijeúk hb rki lizb hb hixaz yrb ~b|fexi bo ikéoezez u bsiorijeúk hb oi
zbgr|ehih u oi jakceikpi jak rki ~b|z~bjxesi xbf~a|io+
• Ef~roza hb ~|aubjxaz hb eksbzxegijeúk bk fixb|ei hb zbgr|ehih XEJ+
• Hecrzeúk hb bzxrheaz b ekca|fbz ~rloejihaz ~a| ax|iz bkxehihbz u a|gikezfazkijeakiobz b ekxb|kijeakiobz/ izæ jafa hb ekca|fijeúk zal|b oi ijxrioehih
kijeakio u br|a~bi bk fixb|ei hb oi zbgr|ehih u jakceikpi bk oi Zajebhih hb oi
Ekca|fijeúk+
• Izbza|ifebkxa i oiz Ihfekezx|ijeakbz ^ðloejiz bk fixb|ei hb zbgr|ehih hb oi
ekca|fijeúk u jakceikpi/ izæ jafa bo i~aua i oi boila|ijeúk/ zbgrefebkxa u
bsiorijeúk hb ~aoæxejiz ~ðloejiz bk bzxb éflexa+
9+< Jakxb}xa u a~a|xrkehih hbo bzxrhea
Oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bz rk hb|bjma crkhifbkxio |bjakajeha bk oi
Jakzxexrjeúk Bz~iùaoi yrb ix|elrub io xexroi| hbo hb|bjma oi cijroxih hb jakx|aoi| zrz
hixaz+ Oiz ~ufbz/ jafa igbkxbz yrb fikb`ik u x|ixik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ bzxék
aloegihiz i izbgr|i| bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb
yrb hez~akbk+
Jakjr||bk rki zb|eb hb je|jrkzxikjeiz yrb hbcekbk oi |bioehih bz~iùaoi bk oa yrb zb
|bceb|b i ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz u ~ufbz0
• Bk ~|efb| orgi|/ bo xb`eha bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao bzxé jakzxexreha bk féz hb rk 55"~a| ~byrbùiz bf~|bziz hb fbkaz hb 2> bf~obihaz/ u bkx|b booiz xebkbk rk ~bza
bz~bjeiofbkxb kaxa|ea oiz bf~|bziz zek izioi|eihaz+ Bzxi zexrijeúk/ hecb|bkxb i oi
hbo |bzxa hb ~iæzbz ekhrzx|eioepihaz/ b}egb ~|bzxi| rki ixbkjeúk bz~bjeio io
jaobjxesa ~ufbz u fej|a~ufbz/ bk xikxa bk jrikxa zak bo faxa| ~|ekje~io hb oi
bjakafæi u hb oi gbkb|ijeúk hb bf~oba bk Bz~iùi+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 99 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
Xiloi 90 Jaf~azejeúk hbo xb`eha bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao ~a| bzx|ixa hb izioi|eihaz
Xe~a hb bf~|bzi ~a| kðfb|a hb izioi|eihaz Kðfb|a hb bf~|bziz ^a|jbkxi`b
Zek izioi|eihaz 9+7>3+98> 29/9:"Hb 9 i 85 izioi|eihaz 9+3>>+5<7 87/5="Hb 2> i 955 izioi|eihaz <:+297 >/7>"Hb <>> i 855 izioi|eihaz 8+<9= >/9:"Féz hb 2>> izioi|eihaz 9+=22 >/>3"XAXIO :+::3+327 9>>/>>"
Crbkxb0 HE\JB -<>>7% EKB
• Bo jaobjxesa ~ufb bk Bz~iùi ~|bzbkxi rk ix|iza xbjkaoúgeja jak |bz~bjxa i oiz
bf~|bziz hb fiua| xifiùa u rk jeb|xa bzjb~xejezfa u cioxi hb jakjebkjeijeúkzal|b oi zbgr|ehih hb oi ekca|fijeúk+ Zak jakjorzeakbz hbo Bzxrhea zal|b
ekjehbkjeiz u kbjbzehihbz hb zbgr|ehih bk oiz ~byrbùiz u fbheikiz bf~|bziz
bz~iùaoiz / boila|iha ~a| EKXBJA u ~rloejiha bk bkb|a hb <>>=9+
• Zb x|ixi/ ihbféz/ hb rk jaobjxesa ji|ijxb|epiha ~a| oi mbxb|agbkbehih hb zbjxa|bz
hb ijxesehih/ xio u jafa zb fazx|i|é féz ihboikxb bk bo bzxrhea -sb| Xiloi <%+ Bo
jafðk hbkafekiha| hb oiz ~ufbz bz zr hefbkzeúk |bhrjehi/ ~b|a bz hecæjeo
bzxilobjb| rk ~ix|úk hb jaf~a|xifebkxa jafðk bk ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz yrb zb
i~oeyrb ~a| egrio i xe~aoagæiz hb kbgajea xik hesb|ziz jafa oi mazxbob|æi/ bo~byrbùa jafb|jea/ oaz ~|acbzeakiobz oelb|iobz a oiz gbzxa|æiz/ ~a| fbkjeaki| zúoa
rkaz b`bf~oaz+ I ~bzi| hb oi mbxb|agbkbehih i~rkxihi/ bk xå|fekaz gbkb|iobz oiz
~ufbz ka jrbkxik jak |bjr|zaz bz~bjæcejaz bk zbgr|ehih -xåjkejaz/ ca|fixesaz u
mrfikaz%/ oa jrio zr~akb rki li||b|i ~i|i oi iha~jeúk hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih
hb oi ekca|fijeúk bk gbkb|io/ u hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk ~i|xejroi|+
• Ihbféz/ bo 95 hb il|eo hb <>>= bkx|i bk sega| bo |bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa hb oi obu
a|gékeji 92!9555/ hb 9: hb hejebfl|b/ hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio -\HOA^H%+ Bo |bgoifbkxa kijb jak oi sajijeúk hb |bzaosb| jrbzxeakbzekxb|~|bxixesiz yrb b}ezxæik bk oi OA^H/ hbzi||aooi| oaz fikhixaz jakxbkehaz bk
booi/ u haxi| hb jamb|bkjei i xahi oi |bgroijeúk |bgoifbkxi|ei b}ezxbkxb mizxi
bkxakjbz+ Bo |bgoifbkxa jakxebkb krbsiz ef~oejijeakbz ~i|i oiz bf~|bziz/ jafa
zak oiz b}xbkzeakbz hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~i|i oaz cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz/
oaz jifleaz hb kesbobz hb zbgr|ehih i~oejilobz i iogrkaz xe~az hb hixaz a oiz
x|ikzcb|bkjeiz hb hixaz bkx|b g|r~az ekxb|kijeakiobz hb bf~|bziz/ bkx|b ax|iz+
9 Bzxrhea jaf~obxa hez~akelob bk0
mxx~0!!www+ekxbja+bz!Zbgr|ehih!Alzb|sixa|ea!BzxrheazQbQEkca|fbz!BzxrheazQbQEkca|fbzQ9
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Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
• ^a| ðoxefa/ oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi frbzx|i rki j|bjebkxb zbkzeleoehih u
~|bajr~ijeúk zal|b hb oi ef~a|xikjei hb oi ekca|fijeúk ~b|zakio0 yrå xe~a hb
hixaz zal|b rka fezfa bzxék bk ~ahb| hb ax|iz ~b|zakiz/ yrå rza zb bzxé hikhahb oaz fezfaz/ bxj+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ bo li|úfbx|a hbo JEZ ja||bz~akhebkxb i
cbl|b|a hb <>>= |bcob`i yrb i rk 79" hb oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi obz ~|bajr~i
frjma a lizxikxb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz u bo rza hb ekca|fijeúk ~b|zakio ~a|
ax|iz ~b|zakiz<+
Bk bo jakxb}xa hbzj|exa/ ji|ijxb|epiha ~a| rki j|bjebkxb zbkzeleoehih mijei oi ~|axbjjeúk
hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ rk xb`eha bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao jaf~rbzxa bk féz hb rk 55" ~a|
~byrbùiz bf~|bziz u rk krbsa fi|ja `r|æheja hbzhb il|eo hb <>>=/ zb mijb kbjbzi|ea rk
bzxrhea yrb ac|bpji rk heigkúzxeja hb oi zexrijeúk ijxrio hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz bkjrikxa i jakajefebkxa u ihi~xijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi |bcb|bkxb i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ jak bz~bjeio ixbkjeúk i oiz kasbhihbz ~|bsezxiz bk bo krbsa
|bgoifbkxa u yrb icbjxik i cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz+
9+: Al`bxesaz hbo bzxrhea
Bo al`bxesa gbkb|io hbo bzxrhea bz oi boila|ijeúk hb rk ikéoezez zal|b oi zexrijeúk hb oi
~ufb bz~iùaoi bk oa yrb zb |bceb|b i ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ jak rki halob
sb|xebkxb0
• Heigkúzxeja/ xikxa hbo jrf~oefebkxa bcbjxesa hb oi obgezoijeúk segbkxb/ jafa hbo
kesbo hb ~|b~i|ijeúk ~i|i oi ihbjrijeúk i oiz b}egbkjeiz ~|bsezxiz bk bo \HOA^H
-zal|b xaha bk oa yrb zb |bceb|b io x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk
za~a|xb ~i~bo%+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ bz ef~a|xikxb zbùioi| yrb bo \HOA^H bzxilobjb
~oipaz ~i|i oi ef~oikxijeúk hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~|bsezxiz bk bo fezfa+
Bzxaz ~oipaz hb ihi~xijeúk/ yrb icbjxik i oaz cejmb|az ~|bb}ezxbkxbz i oi cbjmi hb
bkx|ihi bk sega| hbo |bgoifbkxa/ si|æik bk crkjeúk hbo xe~a hb cejmb|a
-irxafixepiha a ka irxafixepiha% u bo kesbo hb zbgr|ehih b}egeha -lézeja/ fbhea a
ioxa%+ Izæ/ ~i|i oaz cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz/ oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih hb kesbo
lézeja zb|ék b}egelobz bk rk iùa/ febkx|iz yrb oiz hb kesbo ioxa jakxbf~oik rk
~oipa hb haz iùaz+ Xbkebkha bk jrbkxi oi b}ezxbkjei hb bzxaz ~oipaz/ bo al`bxesa
hbo bzxrhea zb mi jbkx|iha ka xikxa bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk bcbjxesi hb oiz
hez~azejeakbz hbo \HOA^H/ zeka bk bo kesbo hb ~|b~i|ijeúk ~i|i zr ihbjrijeúk+
• Jakjebkjeijeúk u zbkzeleoepijeúk0 ihbféz hbo al`bxesa hb heigkúzxeja/ b}ezxb bo
al`bxesa féz iflejeaza hb faheceji| bo jaf~a|xifebkxa hb oi ~ufb/
ekj|bfbkxikha oi xizi hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
< JEZ/ Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa kijeakio jak rki frbzx|i hb <+87> zr`bxaz-~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi hb iflaz zb}az hb 9= iùaz u féz%
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
^a| booa bo ~|aubjxa ili|ji oi ~rloejijeúk hbo ~|bzbkxb ekca|fb u hb rki Græi
lézeji ~i|i oi ~ufb hb ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz + Oi græi/
boila|ihi bk lizb i oaz |bzroxihaz hb oi eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi u jrioexixesi/xebkb jafa al`bxesa ca|fi| io jaobjxesa ~ufb zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb oi ~|axbjjeúk
hb hixaz/ cijeoexi| ~irxiz ~i|i zr ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi/ jakjebkjei| ijb|ji hb
oaz lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi ef~obfbkxijeúk u |bfasb| oiz ~axbkjeiobz li||b|iz
yrb bzxék c|bkikha zr iha~jeúk+
Bzxb al`bxesa gbkb|io hb heigkúzxeja/ jakjebkjeijeúk u zbkzeleoepijeúk zb hbzgoazi
a~b|ixesifbkxb bk oaz zegrebkxbz al`bxesaz bz~bjæcejaz0
• Ehbkxeceji| kesbo hb ihbjrijeúk hb oi ~byrbùi u fbheiki bf~|bzi bz~iùaoi i oi
ka|fixesi bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
• Ehbkxeceji| yrå c|bkaz u li||b|iz zb bzxék bkjakx|ikha oiz ~ufbz ~i|i zr
iha~jeúk+ Hbo fezfa faha/ hbzxiji| jréobz zak oaz lbkbcejeaz u bo sioa| iùiheha
yrb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz i~a|xi io kbgajea u i~a|xi| ~irxiz
~i|i boefeki| a fekefepi| oaz c|bkaz+
• Sioa|i| ze oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bzxé ~|b~i|ihi ~i|i mijb| c|bkxb io \HOA^H/ bk
sega| hbzhb bo 95 hb il|eo hb <>>=+
• Ca|froi| |bjafbkhijeakbz io jaobjxesa ~ufb u i oi ihfekezx|ijeúk ~ðloeji ~i|i
ekj|bfbkxi| bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa/ bk lizb i oaz |bzroxihaz hbo bzxrhea u i oi
~|a~ei b}~b|ebkjei hb oaz igbkxbz jaoila|iha|bz+
9+8 Hezbùa fbxahaoúgeja
Jrioyreb| bzxrhea boila|iha i ~i|xe| hb |bzroxihaz alxbkehaz ~a| fbhea hb bkjrbzxiz hb
a~ekeúk zb bkjrbkx|i jak rk zbzga ef~oæjexa hb|esiha hb yrb oiz hbjoi|ijeakbz zb lizik
bk oi ~b|jb~jeúk hbo bkjrbzxiha+ Bk bzxb jiza/ ihbféz/ b}ezxbk rki zb|eb hb
jakhejeakikxbz iùihehaz yrb zbzgik iðk féz oiz |bz~rbzxiz hb oiz bf~|bziz/ yrb zbjakj|bxik bk oi bz~bjeio zbkzeleoehih hbo al`bxa hb ikéoezez -ihi~xijeúk i rki obu jrua
ekjrf~oefebkxa hb|esi bk zikjeakbz% u bk bo ji|éjxb| xåjkeja hb oi fixb|ei -yrb ef~oeji
jakajefebkxaz yrb ka zb ~rbhbk ~|bzr~akb| i oiz ~ufbz/ yrb bk ajizeakbz ka zak
ji~ijbz hb ehbkxeceji| zrz kbjbzehihbz ke hb |bz~akhb| i ~|bgrkxiz xåjkejiz%+ Oiz
ji|ijxb|æzxejiz ekmb|bkxbz i oiz a|gikepijeakbz bf~|bzi|eiobz hecejroxik oi |bioepijeúk hb
bzxrheaz hb zbgr|ehih ekx|rzesaz/ bz hbje|/ iyrbooaz yrb ef~oejik rki irhexa|æi hb
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bk sezxi hb oiz hecejroxihbz ehbkxecejihiz zb mijb kbjbzi|ea hbceke| rki i~|a}efijeúk
ioxb|kixesi ~i|i jakx|i||bzxi| u fekefepi| bzxb ~azelob zbzga/ lizihi bk rki jaflekijeúk
hb xåjkejiz0
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 98 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
• Xåjkeji jrikxexixesi/ yrb jakxbf~oi oi |bioepijeúk hb bkjrbzxiz i <2> ~ufbz
bz~iùaoiz+
• Xåjkeji jrioexixesi/ jak bkx|bsezxiz bk ~|acrkhehih i igbkxbz u b}~b|xaz
ef~oejihaz bk oiz hezxekxiz cizbz hb ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi0 hb rk oiha/ i
oiz ~|a~eiz ~ufbz/ ijxa|bz ~|ekje~iobz hbo bzxrhea4 hb ax|a/ i gbzxa|æiz u!a
jakzroxa|iz b}~b|xiz bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb zaorjeakbz hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
io jaobjxesa4 ~a| ðoxefa/ i oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz/ a|gikezfa
bkji|giha hb sboi| ~a| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi obgezoijeúk zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb
hixaz u jakx|aoi| zr i~oejijeúk+
• Jakx|izxb hb |bzroxihaz hbjoi|ihaz jak oi IB^H/ |bioepiha i x|isåz hb oi
jaf~|alijeúk akoekb ijb|ji hb oi ekzj|e~jeúk bcbjxesi hb cejmb|az ikxb bo \bgezx|a
Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+
Bo hbzi||aooa hbo bzxrhea/ jak oiz xåjkejiz hbzj|exiz/ zb mi oobsiha i jila bk rki bxi~i hb
eksbzxegijeúk u rki bxi~i hb ca|froijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz/ yrb zb ikioepik i
jakxekrijeúk+
9+8+9 Bxi~i hb eksbzxegijeúk
Bzxi bxi~i xebkb jafa al`bxesa |bja~eoi| hb oiz hezxekxiz crbkxbz/ ~|efi|eiz u zbjrkhi|eiz/
xahi oi ekca|fijeúk kbjbzi|ei ~i|i iojikpi| oaz al`bxesaz hbo ~|aubjxa+ Jakzxi/ i zr sbp/hb jrix|a cizbz/ yrb zb x|ixi|ék bk ~|acrkhehih bk oaz zegrebkxbz b~æg|icbz0
• Cizb E0 Lðzyrbhi u ikéoezez hajrfbkxio
• Cizb EE0 Eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi
• Cizb EEE0 Jakx|izxb hb |bzroxihaz
• Cizb ES0 Eksbzxegijeúk jrioexixesi
Cizb E0 Lðzyrbhi u ikéoezez hajrfbkxio
Bzxi cizb xebkb jafa al`bxesa ikioepi| b}mirzxesifbkxb oiz hez~azejeakbz obgiobz u ax|az
jakxbkehaz/ jak bo cek hb zbkxi| oiz lizbz hb oaz j|exb|eaz hb lðzyrbhi+ Zb mik xbkeha bk
jrbkxi/ ~|ekje~iofbkxb/ crbkxbz hb ji|éjxb| ka|fixesa/ izæ jafa bzxrheaz b ekca|fbz
~rloejihaz bk oi fixb|ei yrb ~rbhik bk|eyrbjb| u a|ebkxi| bo ~|aubjxa hb eksbzxegijeúk+
Bkx|b oiz |bcb|bkjeiz hb ji|éjxb| ka|fixesa u!a ̀ r|ez~|rhbkjeio hbzxijik oiz zegrebkxbz0
• Jakzxexrjeúk bz~iùaoi hb 957=+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 92 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
• Obu A|gékeji 2!5< hb \bgroijeúk hbo X|ixifebkxa Irxafixepiha hb oaz Hixaz hb
Ji|éjxb| ^b|zakio hb <3 hb Ajxrl|b -OA\XIH% -hb|agihi%
• He|bjxesi Br|a~bi 52!83 JB hbo ^i|oifbkxa Br|a~ba u hbo Jakzb`a hb <8 hb
Ajxrl|b hb 9552+
• Obu A|gékeji 92!9555/ hb 9: hb hejebfl|b/ hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb Ji|éjxb|
^b|zakio+
• \bgoifbkxa hb Fbhehiz hb Zbgr|ehih -\bio Hbj|bxa 558!9555 hb Fbhehiz hb
Zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio hb 99 hb @rkea hb 9555% -hb|agiha%+
• Zbkxbkjei <5<!<>>> hbo X|elrkio Jakzxexrjeakio/ hb :> hb kasebfl|b+
• \bio Hbj|bxa 97<>!<>>7/ hb <9 hb Hejebfl|b/ ~a| bo yrb zb i~|rbli bo
\bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa hb oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb Ji|éjxb|
^b|zakio+
Bkx|b oaz bzxrheaz xbkehaz bk jrbkxi ~i|i oi ehbkxecejijeúk hb me~úxbzez i jakx|izxi| u
gbkb|ijeúk hb jakxbkeha jaf~obfbkxi|ea hbzxijik oaz zegrebkxbz0
• Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a+ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Jbkx|a hb Eksbzxegijeakbz Zajeaoúgejiz-JEZ% -<>>=%+
• Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Jexepbkz― ~b|jb~xeakz+ Coizm
Br|ali|afbxb| <<2 ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak -<>>=%+
• Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z― ~b|jb~xeakz+ Coizm
Br|ali|afbxb| <<3 ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak -<>>=%+
• Hixaz bk ~i~bo+ X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz b ekca|fijeúk jakcehbkjeio bk
za~a|xb ~i~bo bk oi bf~|bzi bz~iùaoi+ Oikhwboo -<>>3%+
^a| ðoxefa/ ax|iz crbkxbz jakzroxihiz mik zeha oiz zegrebkxbz+ Zb |boijeakik i
jakxekrijeúk i|xæjroaz hb |bsezxiz/ græiz ~|éjxejiz u ~égekiz wbl xbkehiz bk jrbkxi bk oi
boila|ijeúk hbo bzxrhea0
• Igbkjei bz~iùaoi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Græi hb zbgr|ehih -il|eo <>>=%/ Græi hb
^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz ~i|i \bz~akzilobz hb Cejmb|az -<>>=%/ Græi hbo hb|bjma
crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -<>>8%
• Hb oi ^bùi Frùap/ @+ -<>>=%+ ZEJ+ K° 7=+ ^~+ 3=&7< -cbl|b|a <>>=%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 93 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
• Gi|jæi \bu/ F+ -<>>=%+ ZEJ+ K° 7=+ ^~+ 78&72 -cbl|b|a <>>=%+
•
Zb||b|i Jalaz/ ^+ -<>>=%+ ‟±Yrå mijb| jak oaz cejmb|az bk ~i~bo1‖+ ^|axbjjeúk hbhixaz+ K° <9 -il|eo <>>=%+
• Xb`bhi/ J+ -<>>=%+ ‟Lrbkiz ~|éjxejiz bk bo hbzi||aooa hb rk ~|aubjxa hb ~|axbjjeúk
hb hixaz‖+ ^|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ K° <9 -il|eo <>>=%+
• ^égeki wbl hb oi Igbkjei bz~iùaoi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz0 www+ig~h+bz
• Bkx|bsezxi hegexio jak I|xbfe \iooa -he|bjxa| hb oi IB^H%0
mxx~0!!www+bofrkha+bz!bkjrbkx|az!eksexihaz!<>>=!>8!:>:>!ekhb}+mxfo
• mxx~0!!www+hb|bjma+jaf!obgezoijeak!lab!::><:
• mxx~0!!www+hb|bjma+jaf!obgezoijeak!lab!7:29:3
• ^égeki Wbl hb oi Fakjoai jak oiz ~|ekje~iobz ekkasijeakbz hbo Krbsa
\bgoifbkxa0 mxx~0!!www+oi&fakjoai+bz
Cizb EE0 Eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi
Bzxi cizb ekjorub oi |bioepijeúk hb <2> bkjrbzxiz xbobcúkejiz i ~ufbz hbo xb||exa|eabz~iùao ~bkekzroi|/ Liobi|bz/ Jiki|eiz/ Jbrxi u Fboeooi+
Rkesb|za
Bo rkesb|za al`bxa hbo bzxrhea bzxé jakzxexreha ~a| xahi bf~|bzi bz~iùaoi hb mizxi 2>
bf~obihaz/ ~b|xbkbjebkxbz i oaz zbjxa|bz zbùioihaz bk oi Xiloi </ jak rk |ikga hb
kðfb|a hb x|ili`iha|bz+ Zb x|ixi/ ~a| xikxa/ hb fej|a~ufbz -fbkaz hb 9> bf~obihaz% u
~byrbùiz bf~|bziz -9>&2> izioi|eihaz%+ Zb b}jorubk hbo éflexa hbo bzxrhea oiz
fbheikiz bf~|bziz -2>&<2> bf~obihaz% ~a| bo bzjiza ~bza yrb xebkbk hbkx|a hbo
~ika|ifi bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao ->/7" hb oaz féz hb : feooakbz hb bf~|bziz% u ~a| zrxbkhbkjei i oi izefeoijeúk jak oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz bk bo jrf~oefebkxa hb ka|fixesi+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 97 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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Xiloi <0 Rkesb|za ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz hb fbkaz hb 2> izioi|eihaz
JKIB Zbjxa| hb ijxesehih ? 9>bf~obihaz
9> ‚ 2>bf~obihaz Xaxio Xaxio -"%
JKIB 9> ‚98 Ekhrzx|eiz b}x|ijxesiz <+98= 7<< <+=7> >/9"
JKIB 92 ‚8>
Ekhrzx|ei fikrcijxr|b|i 953+3=> :3+:<< <::+>>< 7/9"
JKIB 89^|ahrjjeúk u hezx|elrjeúkhb bkb|gæi boåjx|eji/ gizu igri
9+><: 9>8 9+9<7 >/>"
JKIB 82 Jakzx|rjjeúk 88:+28= :5+58= 8=:+853 98/3"
JKIB 2> ‚2<
Jafb|jea/ |b~i|ijeúk hbsbmæjroaz hb faxa|/
faxajejobxiz ujejoafaxa|bz u i|xæjroaz~b|zakiobz u hb rzahafåzxeja
=>=+8<3 :<+2>5 =8>+5:2 <2/8"
JKIB 22 Mazxbob|æi <72+8<5 9>+>>9 <=2+8:> =/3"
JKIB 3> ‚38
X|ikz~a|xb/iofijbkifebkxa ujafrkejijeakbz
<::+9<5 5+<:= <8<+:37 7/:"
JKIB 32 ‚37 Ekxb|fbheijeúk cekikjeb|i 25+3>< =>: 3>+8>2 9/="
JKIB 7> ‚78
Ijxesehihbz ekfaleoei|eizu hb ioyreob|/ zb|sejeazbf~|bzi|eiobz
7:5+<=: <9+>:2 73>+:9= <:/>"
JKIB => Bhrjijeúk 27+<8> 2+9=5 3<+8<5 9/5"
JKIB =2Ijxesehihbz zikexi|eiz usbxb|eki|eiz/ zb|sejeazajeio
9<>+982 8+==8 9<2+><5 :/="
JKIB 5> ‚5:
Ax|iz ijxesehihbzzajeiobz u hb zb|sejeaz~|bzxihaz i oijafrkehih/ zb|sejeaz~b|zakiobz
<>>+=9> =+=85 <>5+325 3/:"
XAXIO :+9:7+83: 935+3>8 :+:>7+>37 9>>/>"
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Xifiùa u hezx|elrjeúk frbzx|io
Zb mi b}x|iæha rki frbzx|i |b~|bzbkxixesi hb <2> bf~|bziz zbgðk rk fahboa iobixa|ea
zef~ob+ Oaz hixaz hb a|egbk ~i|i oi zbobjjeúk hb oi frbzx|i mik zeha b}x|iæhaz hb oi Lizb
hb Hixaz hbo \bgezx|a Fb|jikxeo/ hb rk rkesb|za hb ~ufbz |bgezx|ihiz+ Oi frbzx|i zb mi
hezx|elreha bkx|b oaz zbjxa|bz ~b|xbkbjebkxbz io júhega JKIB 5: |boijeakihaz/
mileåkhazb |bioepiha bo frbzx|ba ~a| jraxiz hb xifiùa u |b~|bzbkxixesehih hb jihi rka
hb oaz zbjxa|bz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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Xiloi :0 Hezx|elrjeúk hb oi frbzx|i ~a| zbjxa| JKIB u kðfb|a hb izioi|eihaz -bk sioa|bz
ilzaorxaz u "%
JKIB Zbjxa| hb ijxesehih? 9>bf~obihaz
9> ‚ 2>bf~obihaz
Xaxio Xaxio -"%
JKIB 9> ‚ 98 Ekhrzx|eiz b}x|ijxesiz <> 2 <2 9>/>"JKIB 92 ‚ 8> Ekhrzx|ei fikrcijxr|b|i 9: : 93 3/8"
JKIB 89^|ahrjjeúk u hezx|elrjeúkhb bkb|gæi boåjx|eji/ giz uigri
> > > >/>"
JKIB 82 Jakzx|rjjeúk :> : :: 9:/<"
JKIB 2> ‚ 2<
Jafb|jea/ |b~i|ijeúk hbsbmæjroaz hb faxa|/faxajejobxiz u
jejoafaxa|bz u i|xæjroaz~b|zakiobz u hb rzahafåzxeja
22 < 27 <</="
JKIB 22 Mazxbob|æi 95 9 <> =/>"
JKIB 3> ‚ 38X|ikz~a|xb/iofijbkifebkxa ujafrkejijeakbz
93 9 97 3/="
JKIB 32 ‚ 37 Ekxb|fbheijeúk cekikjeb|i 8 > 8 9/3"
JKIB 7> ‚ 78Ijxesehihbz ekfaleoei|eiz uhb ioyreob|/ zb|sejeazbf~|bzi|eiobz
2> 9 29 <>/8"
JKIB => Bhrjijeúk 8 > 8 9/3"
JKIB =2
Ijxesehihbz zikexi|eiz u
sbxb|eki|eiz/ zb|sejea zajeio = > = :/<"
JKIB 5> ‚ 5:
Ax|iz ijxesehihbz zajeiobzu hb zb|sejeaz ~|bzxihaz ioi jafrkehih/ zb|sejeaz~b|zakiobz
98 9 92 3/>"
XAXIO <:: 97 <2> 9>>"
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Ji~xr|i hb ekca|fijeúk
Bkjrbzxiz xbobcúkejiz i oaz |bz~akzilobz hb jihi rki hb oiz bf~|bziz -gb|bkxbz/
~|a~ebxi|eaz/ |bz~akzilobz a hbobgihaz%+ Bo x|ili`a hb jif~a crb |bioepiha bkx|b
Hejebfl|b hb <>>7 u Cbl|b|a hb <>>=+
B||a| frbzx|io
Hb ijrb|ha jak oaz j|exb|eaz hbo frbzx|ba iobixa|ea zef~ob ~i|i si|eilobz hejaxúfejiz bk
oiz yrb ~6y6>/2 u ~i|i rk kesbo hb jakceikpi hbo 52"/ zb bzxilobjb bo zegrebkxb jéojroa
hbo b||a| frbzx|io0 frbzx|i xaxio k6 <2>/ b||a| frbzx|io ¹3/<"+
Cizb EEE0 Jakx|izxb hb |bzroxihaz
Hiha yrb oi xåjkeji bf~obihi bk oi cizb jrikxexixesi -bkjrbzxi xbobcúkeji% jrbkxi jak bozbzga ef~oæjexa i jrioyreb| mb||ifebkxi lizihi bk oi ~b|jb~jeúk hbo zr`bxa/ zb mi ekjoreha
bk oi eksbzxegijeúk rk fbjikezfa al`bxesa yrb ja||e`i bzxi ~azelob hbzseijeúk+ Hb bzxb
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 95 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
faha/ zb mi jakx|izxiha rki ~i|xb hb oaz |bzroxihaz hb oiz bkjrbzxiz i bf~|bzi|eaz jak
oi ekca|fijeúk ~ðloeji ac|bjehi ~a| oi IB^H i x|isåz hb www+ig~h+bz+ Oi ekca|fijeúk
sb|ecejihi bz oi |boixesi i oi jakce|fijeúk hb hbjoi|ijeúk bcbjxesi hb cejmb|az ikxb bo\bgezx|a+
Bo al`bxesa hb bzxi cizb bz ekx|ahrje| rk bobfbkxa al`bxesa u |egr|aza yrb ~b|fexi/ ~a| rki
~i|xb/ fazx|i| oi zexrijeúk |bio bk jrikxa i ef~obfbkxijeúk hb hbxb|fekihaz iz~bjxaz hb
oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz/ u ~a| ax|i/
jakzxixi| oi jaekjehbkjei a hezj|b~ikjei bkx|b oiz hbjoi|ijeakbz a ~b|jb~jeakbz hb oiz
~ufbz bkjrbzxihiz u bo kesbo |bio hb jrf~oefebkxa+
Oi jakzroxi crb |bioepihi bk cbl|b|a hb <>>=+
Cizb ES0 Eksbzxegijeúk jrioexixesi0 ~i|xeje~ikxbz
Bo al`bxesa hb bzxi cizb bz oi i~a|xijeúk hb rki sezeúk ekxbg|io u froxehezje~oeki| io
~|aubjxa yrb/ ~a| rk oiha/ ~|acrkhejb bk oaz |bzroxihaz alxbkehaz bk oi cizb jrikxexixesi
u/ ~a| ax|a/ jakzxexrui rk |bcb|bkxb ~i|i oi ca|froijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz+
I x|isåz hb bkx|bsezxiz bk ~|acrkhehih/ zb mi |bjageha/ hajrfbkxiha u ikioepiha oi
a~ekeúk hb 8> igbkxbz ~b|xbkbjebkxbz i x|bz é|biz hb jakajefebkxa a hb kbgajea0
• Hbkx|a hbo éflexa bf~|bzi|eio/ zb mik ikioepiha <2 jizaz hb ~ufbz -jizaz hbå}exa u jizaz hb ka å}exa%/ jak bo al`bxesa hb jakajb| oiz li||b|iz féz c|bjrbkxbz
bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi u oiz kbjbzehihbz ~i|xejroi|bz hbo jaobjxesa/
~i|i ~ahb| ehbkxeceji| u ijxesi| oaz fbjikezfaz hb |bfajeúk hb oaz c|bkaz+
Izefezfa/ oaz jizaz bf~|bzi|eiobz i~a|xik oi sezeúk |boixesi io kesbo hb
jakjebkjeijeúk zal|b oi ka|fixesi/ oaz lbkbcejeaz hbxbjxihaz a bz~b|ihaz u ax|az
iz~bjxaz yrb jaf~obfbkxik oaz |bzroxihaz hb oi cizb jrikxexixesi+
• Zb mi ekjoreha bk bo ikéoezez oi sezeúk hbo zbjxa| jakzroxa|æi/ i~a|xikha oi sezeúk hb
9: jakzroxa|iz bz~bjeioepihiz bk ef~obfbkxi| oi ka|fixesi OA^H bk ~byrbùiz ufbheikiz bf~|bziz+
• ^a| ðoxefa/ rk bzxrhea hb bzxiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz ka ~ahæi ~|bzjekhe| hb oi sezeúk
joisb hb oi IB^H/ a|gikezfa bkji|giha hb sboi| ~a| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi
obgezoijeúk zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz u jakx|aoi| zr i~oejijeúk+ Zb mik |bioepiha <
bkx|bsezxiz/ io He|bjxa| Gbkb|io hb oi Igbkjei u i oi Zrlhe|bjxa|i Gbkb|io hbo
\bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb oi IB^H+
Oiz bkx|bsezxiz crb|ak |bioepihiz bkx|b bkb|a u il|eo hb <>>=/ u zb mik zbgreha x|bz
fåxahaz hecb|bkxbz ~i|i oi alxbkjeúk hb oi ekca|fijeúk/ bk crkjeúk hb oi hez~akeleoehih hb
oi ~b|zaki jakzroxihi0
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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• Bkx|bsezxiz ~b|zakiobz
•
Bkx|bsezxiz xbobcúkejiz
• Jrbzxeaki|eaz akoekb
9+8+< Bxi~i hb ikéoezez u boila|ijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz
Rki sbp cekioepihi oi bxi~i hb eksbzxegijeúk u |bjilihi xahi oi ekca|fijeúk hez~akelob bk
oi fixb|ei/ zb oobsi i jila rk ikéoezez hb |bzroxihaz yrb ~b|fexb b}x|ib| jakjorzeakbz u
ca|froi| |bjafbkhijeakbz i zbjxa| ~|esiha u ~ðloeja/ yrb jakca|fik oi lizb hbo
~|bzbkxb bzxrhea+
^a| ax|i ~i|xb/ bo ~|aubjxa jakxbf~oi oi boila|ijeúk hb oi Græi lézeji ~i|i oi ~ufb hb
ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz / ~rloejijeúk irxahehijxi yrb xebkb
jafa al`bxesa ekejei| io ~byrbùa bf~|bzi|ea bk oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz u
cijeoexi| rkiz ~irxiz lézejiz zal|b júfa ekejei| bo ~|ajbza+
9+8+: Bzx|rjxr|i hb jakxbkehaz
Bo ~|bzbkxb ekca|fb zb bzx|rjxr|i bk xa|ka i oaz zegrebkxbz ~rkxaz0
• B}~azejeúk hb oaz ~rkxaz joisb hbo ~|aubjxa/ hakhb zb hbxiooik oaz ~|ekje~iobz
|bzroxihaz hb oi eksbzxegijeúk+
• ^|bzbkxijeúk hb EKXBJA u hbo Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk/ u
b}~oejijeúk hb oaz al`bxesaz u fbxahaoagæi hbo bzxrhea+
• Sezeúk hbo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ jakxb}xrioepikha oi
kbjbzehih hb rki ka|fixesi bz~bjæceji bk oi fixb|ei u |bsezikha oi obgezoijeúk
bz~iùaoi io |bz~bjxa+
• Hbzj|e~jeúk hb oiz aloegijeakbz hb oiz ~ufbz bk |boijeúk jak oi ~|axbjjeúk hb
hixaz hb|esihiz hb oi ka|fixesi bz~iùaoi+
• Ikéoezez hbo kesbo hb iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz+
• Ehbkxecejijeúk hb oiz li||b|iz i oiz yrb zb bkc|bkxik oiz ~ufbz bk zr ~|ajbza hb
iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi/ u bkrfb|ijeúk hb oaz lbkbcejeaz u sioa|bz iùihehaz
hb|esihaz hb oi fezfi+
• \bzrfbk hb oiz ~|ekje~iobz jakjorzeakbz yrb hbzj|elbk oi zexrijeúk ikioepihi u
ca|froijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz i oiz ~ufbz u i oi ihfekezx|ijeúk ~ðloeji/ jak boal`bxesa hb izbgr|i| oi ja||bjxi ef~oikxijeúk+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <9 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki << hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
< ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZ
<+9 Kbjbzehih hb rki ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz bo hb|bjma yrb xebkb xaha jerhihika i jakx|aoi|
zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u i hez~akb| u hbjehe| zal|b oaz fezfaz+ Zb x|ixi hb rk hb|bjma
crkhifbkxio jak bkxehih ~|a~ei u hecb|bkxb io hb|bjma i oi ekxefehih+
Oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz |bz~akhb i oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| xahaz oaz
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ ~i|i yrb ka zbik rxeoepihaz hb ca|fi ekihbjrihi/ ke x|ixihaz
a jbhehaz i xb|jb|az zek jakzbkxefebkxa ekbyræsaja hbo xexroi|+
Bk bzxb jakxb}xa/ zb bkxebkhb ~a| hixa hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ‟jrioyreb| ekca|fijeúk jakjb|kebkxb i ~b|zakiz cæzejiz ehbkxecejihiz a ehbkxecejilobz : ‖ -i|x+ : OA^H%+
Bo bkxa|ka ijxrio zb ji|ijxb|epi ~a| rk j|bjebkxb ~|axigakezfa hb oiz xbjkaoagæiz hb
ekca|fijeúk u jafrkejijeúk -XEJ%/ yrb ef~oeji i zr sbp rki fiua| cijeoehih u |i~ehbp bk
bo ekxb|jiflea hb hixaz+ Izæ/ zb mik j|biha fbjikezfaz bcejijbz hb |bjagehi u
x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz yrb/ hb rk oiha/ ~b|fexbk rk fiua| iojikjb bk oi
|bja~eoijeúk u zezxbfixepijeúk ~b|a/ hb ax|a/ ~rbhbk zr~akb| rk oæfexb io jakx|ao zal|b oaz
fezfaz+ Oi b}xbkzeúk hb bzxaz fbjikezfaz ~|asaji yrb jihi sbp zbik féz oiz
bf~|bziz yrb x|ixbk jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Bk bzxb jakxb}xa/ zb mijb kbjbzi|ea rkbyreoel|ea bkx|b oaz lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi gbkb|ioepijeúk bk bo rza hb oiz XEJ u oi
gi|ikxæi hb oaz hb|bjmaz crkhifbkxiobz hb oaz jerhihikaz/ bk jakj|bxa bo hb|bjma i oi
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz al`bxa hbo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea+
Bzxb lioikjb bkx|b hb|bjma hbo jerhihika i ~|bzb|si| bo jakx|ao zal|b zrz hixaz
~b|zakiobz u oi i~oejijeúk hb oiz krbsiz xbjkaoagæiz hb oi Ekca|fijeúk bz bo jakxb}xa bk
bo yrb zb bkfi|ji bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
bk oi obgezoijeúk bz~iùaoi+ Oi |bgroijeúk ac|bjb i oaz jerhihikaz oiz gi|ikxæiz u
fbjikezfaz kbjbzi|eaz ~i|i ~|axbgb| zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u jakx|aoi| bo rza yrb zb
|bioepi hb oaz fezfaz+
Hb ji|i i gi|ikxepi| oi ~|axbjjeúk hbo hb|bjma/ zb bzxilobjbk aloegijeakbz ~i|i xahi
~b|zaki cæzeji a `r|æheji yrb ~azbi cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Oi fiua| ~i|xb hb oiz
a|gikepijeakbz -bf~|bziz/ ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz%/ bk fiua| a fbka| fbhehi/
hez~akbk hb cejmb|az a lizbz hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz u bzxék aloegihiz io jrf~oefebkxa hb
oi ka|fixesi segbkxb bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
: Oi He|bjxesi 52!83 JB hbcekb bo xå|feka ehbkxecejilob jafa ‟xahi ~b|zaki jrui ehbkxehih ~rbhi hbxb|feki|zb he|bjxi a ekhe|bjxifbkxb/ bk ~i|xejroi| fbheikxb rk kðfb|a hb ehbkxecejijeúk a rka a si|eaz bobfbkxaz bz~bjæcejaz/ ji|ijxb|æzxejaz hb zr ehbkxehih cæzeji/ cezeaoúgeji/ ~zæyreji/ bjakúfeji/ jroxr|io a zajeio‖+
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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<+< J|akaoagæi hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk Bz~iùi
Oi ~|efb|i |bcb|bkjei zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oi ekxefehih ~b|zakio bk bo éflexa
ekca|féxeja hixi hbo iùa 957=+ Bo i|xæjroa 9=+8 hb oi Jakzxexrjeúk bz~iùaoi hez~akb yrb,oi obu oefexi|é bo rza hb oi ekca|féxeji ~i|i gi|ikxepi| bo maka| u oi ekxefehih ~b|zakio u
cifeoei| hb oaz jerhihikaz u bo ~obka b`b|jejea hb zrz hb|bjmaz ,+ Jak oi ekjorzeúk hb bzxb
i~i|xiha bk bo i|xæjroa 9=/ bo jakzxexrubkxb ui b|i jakzjebkxb hb oaz |ebzgaz yrb ~ah|æi
bkx|iùi| bo rza hb oi ekca|féxeji/ bkjafbkhikha io obgezoiha| oi i~|alijeúk hb ka|fiz
yrb gi|ikxepizbk jeb|xaz hb|bjmaz crkhifbkxiobz+ Irkyrb ka mijb fbkjeúk b}~oæjexi i
oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ åzxaz ca|fik ~i|xb hb oi ekxefehih hb oiz ~b|zakiz/ ~rbzxa
yrb ~b|xbkbjbk io éflexa féz ~|esiha hb oiz fezfiz+
Bk 955< i~i|bjb oi ~|efb|i Obu bz~iùaoi yrb |bgroi hb ca|fi bz~bjæceji oi jrbzxeúk hboaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Zb x|ixi hb oi Obu A|gékeji 2!5< hb \bgroijeúk hbo X|ixifebkxa
Irxafixepiha hb oaz Hixaz hb Ji|éjxb| ^b|zakio hb <3 hb Ajxrl|b -OA\XIH%/ u zr
al`bxesa bz ~|a~a|jeaki| jalb|xr|i i oa bzxilobjeha bk bo i|xæjroa 9=+8 hb oi Jakzxexrjeúk
bz~iùaoi+ Hb bzxb faha/ ~|bxbkhb hboefexi| rki krbsi c|akxb|i hb oi ekxefehih u hbo
maka| yrb ~|axb`i i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz hb oi rxeoepijeúk fbjikepihi/ a|hbkihi u
hezj|efekihi hb oaz hixaz i booiz |bcb|bkxbz+ Zr éflexa hb i~oejijeúk zb je|jrkzj|elb i oaz
cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| irxafixepiha+ Oi OA\XIH jakzxexruú bo ~|efb| xb}xa obgio yrb bk
Bz~iùi |bgroi oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Bo <8 hb Ajxrl|b hb 9552 zb hejxi oi He|bjxesi Br|a~bi 52!83 JB hbo ^i|oifbkxa Br|a~ba
u hbo Jakzb`a |boixesi i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi io
x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Oi he|bjxesi xebkb jafa al`bxesa ~|axbgb| oaz hb|bjmaz u
oiz oelb|xihbz hb oiz ~b|zakiz bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi io x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz/
bzxilobjebkha ~|ekje~eaz hb a|ebkxijeúk ~i|i hbxb|feki| oi oejexrh hb hejma x|ixifebkxa+
Bz i cekiobz hb 9555 jrikha zb ~rloeji bk Bz~iùi oi Obu A|gékeji 92!9555/ hb 9: hb
hejebfl|b/ hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb Ji|éjxb| ^b|zakio -OA^H%/ yrb |bzrbosb bo sijæa
obgio b}ezxbkxb hbzhb 955< |bcb|bkxb i oaz cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| ka irxafixepiha/
if~oeikha bo éflexa hb i~oejijeúk i xaha xe~a hb cejmb|az/ ekhb~bkhebkxbfbkxb hboza~a|xb bk bo jréo zbik x|ixihaz+ Bzxi obu/ yrb hb|agi oi OA\XIH/ zb ihbjri i oa
bzxilobjeha bk oi He|bjxesi Br|a~bi 52!83 JB+
Oi OA^H xebkb ~a| al`bxa gi|ikxepi| u ~|axbgb|/ bk oa yrb jakjeb|kb io x|ixifebkxa hb
hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ oiz oelb|xihbz ~ðloejiz u oaz hb|bjmaz crkhifbkxiobz hb oiz ~b|zakiz
cæzejiz/ u bz~bjeiofbkxb zr maka| b ekxefehih ~b|zakio u cifeoei|+ Izæ/ gi|ikxepi rki zb|eb
hb hb|bjmaz i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz/ xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz/ xiobz jafa bo hb|bjma i zb|
ekca|fiha hb jrékha u ~a|yrå zb x|ixik zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ bo hb|bjma i ijjbhb| i oaz
hixaz u/ bk jiza kbjbzi|ea/ bo hb|bjma i oi fahecejijeúk a zr~|bzeúk hb oaz hixaz a bohb|bjma i oi a~azejeúk io x|ixifebkxa hb oaz fezfaz+ Hbo fezfa faha/ bzxilobjb oiz
aloegijeakbz |boixesiz i oi |bjagehi hb oaz hixaz/ jakzbkxefebkxa/ iofijbki`b/
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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jakzb|sijeúk/ rza/ hixaz bz~bjeiofbkxb ~|axbgehaz/ jafrkejijeúk a jbzeúk hb oaz
fezfaz u x|ikzcb|bkjeiz ekxb|kijeakiobz hb hixaz+
Bzxi obu fi|ji bo ekejea hb rki krbsi bxi~i hbo hb|bjma hb ekxefehih hb oiz ~b|zakiz/
féz jaf~obxi u i`rzxihi i oi |bioehih hb jrioyreb| ~|bzbkxijeúk hb ekca|fijeúk zal|b oi
sehi ~|esihi hb rk ekhesehra+
Oi OA^H zb i~aui a~b|ixesifbkxb bk bo \bgoifbkxa hb Fbhehiz hb Zbgr|ehih -\FZ/
\bio Hbj|bxa 558!9555 hb Fbhehiz hb Zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb
jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb 99 hb @rkea hb 9555% jafa ekzx|rfbkxa ~i|i
cijeoexi| oaz fbjikezfaz ~|éjxejaz ~i|i jrf~oe| jak oiz ~|bzj|e~jeakbz bzxilobjehiz bk oi
OA^H+ Bo \FZ |bgroi oiz fbhehiz xåjkejiz u a|gikepixesiz yrb hblbk i~oeji|zb i oaz
zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk bk oaz jriobz zb x|ixbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb ca|fiirxafixepihi+
Oi Zbkxbkjei <5<!<>>> hbo X|elrkio Jakzxexrjeakio/ hb :> hb kasebfl|b/ fi|ji rk mexa bk
bo éflexa hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz io |bjagb| hb fikb|i b}~|bzi bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio
i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz jafa rk hb|bjma yrb zb hbz~|bkhb hbo i~i|xiha 8 hbo i|xæjroa
9= hb oi Jakzxexrjeúk Bz~iùaoi yrb/ ze lebk jaf~i|xb jak bo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio i oi
ekxefehih hbo i|xæjroa 9=+9 bo al`bxesa hb ac|bjb| rki bcejip ~|axbjjeúk jakzxexrjeakio hb oi
sehi ~|esihi ~b|zakio u cifeoei|/ ~b|zegrb rki cekioehih hezxekxi jafa bz gi|ikxepi| i oi
~b|zaki rk ~ahb| hb jakx|ao zal|b zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ zr rza u hbzxeka/ jak bo~|a~úzexa hb ef~bhe| zr x|éceja eoæjexa u obzesa ~i|i oi hegkehih u hb|bjma hbo icbjxiha+ Bz
hbje|/ bk se|xrh hb bzxi zbkxbkjei/ bo X|elrkio Jakzxexrjeakio hbcekb bo hb|bjma
crkhifbkxio i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio jafa irxúkafa b
ekhb~bkhebkxb+
Cekiofbkxb/ i~i|bjb bo \bio Hbj|bxa 97<>!<>>7/ hb <9 hb Hejebfl|b/ ~a| bo yrb zb
i~|rbli bo \bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa hb oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb
Ji|éjxb| ^b|zakio -\HOA^H i~|aliha bk Jakzb`a hb Fekezx|az hb <9!9<!<>>7 u
~rloejiha bk bo Laobxæk Acejeio hbo Bzxiha -LAB% bo 95 hb Bkb|a hb <>>=%+ Bzxb|bgoifbkxa hb|agi io \FZ hb 9555 u hbzi||aooi hb ca|fi jaf~obxi oi Obu A|gékeji
92!9555 hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Kijb jak oi sajijeúk hb/ ka zúoa
hbzi||aooi| oaz fikhixaz jakxbkehaz bk oi OA^H/ bk ~i|xejroi|/ bk oa |boixesa i oiz
fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih u i oaz j|exb|eaz i~oejilobz i oaz cejmb|az u x|ixifebkxaz hb hixaz
~b|zakiobz ka irxafixepihaz/ zeka xifleåk hb haxi| hb jamb|bkjei i xahi oi |bgroijeúk
|bgoifbkxi|ei b}ezxbkxb mizxi oi cbjmi hb zr i~|alijeúk+ Xifleåk i~a|xi zbgr|ehih
`r|æheji g|ijeiz io hbzi||aooa hb iyrbooaz iz~bjxaz bk oaz yrb oi b}~b|ebkjei ~|éjxeji mi
ijakzb`iha rk fiua| g|iha hb ~|bjezeúk+ Bk gbkb|io/ bo |bgoifbkxa jakx|elrub i
jakzbgre| rki fiua| joi|ehih bk oi i~oejijeúk hb oi ka|fi u i ihi~xi| zrz ~|bsezeakbz ioi |bioehih b}ezxbkxb bk oi ijxrioehih+ Oi OA^H bz xik gbkb|io/ u ~|bxbkhb i~oeji|zb i xio
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <8 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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rkesb|za hb zr~rbzxaz hezxekxaz/ yrb kbjbzexili hb rk |bgoifbkxa yrb oi hbzi||aooizb u
jakj|bxizb io fé}efa/ ihi~xékhaoi i oi |bioehih ijxrio u i zbjxa|bz fru hecb|bkxbz+
Bo |bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa hb oi OA^H jakxebkb krbsiz ef~oejijeakbz ~i|i oiz
bf~|bziz/ jafa zak oiz b}xbkzeakbz hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~i|i oaz cejmb|az ka
irxafixepihaz/ oaz jifleaz hb kesbobz hb zbgr|ehih i~oejilobz i hezxekxiz xe~aoagæiz hb
hixaz a oiz x|ikzcb|bkjeiz hb hixaz bkx|b g|r~az ekxb|kijeakiobz hb bf~|bziz/ bkx|b
ax|iz+ Izæ/ bzxilobjb oiz ka|fiz/ fbhehiz/ ~|ajbhefebkxaz u fbjikezfaz yrb zb mik hb
iha~xi| aloegixa|eifbkxb ~i|i gi|ikxepi| oi zbgr|ehih |bz~bjxa i oaz cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz u ka irxafixepihaz/ oaz jbkx|az hb x|ixifebkxa/ oajiobz/ byre~az/
zezxbfiz/ ~|ag|ifiz u oiz ~b|zakiz yrb ekxb|sbkgik bk bo x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Bo ú|gika hb jakx|ao hbo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hbkx|a hbo
xb||exa|ea bz~iùao bz/ jak ji|éjxb| gbkb|io/ oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz
-IB^H%/ b}ezxebkha ax|iz igbkjeiz hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| irxakúfeja ~i|i
oaz cejmb|az hb xexroi|ehih ~ðloeji bk oi Jafrkehih hb Fih|eh/ Jixiorùi u ^iæz Sizja+
Oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz bz rk bkxb hb Hb|bjma ~ðloeja/ jak
~b|zakioehih `r|æheji ~|a~ei u ~obki ji~ijehih ~ðloeji u ~|esihi/ yrb ijxði jak ~obki
ekhb~bkhbkjei hb oiz Ihfekezx|ijeakbz ^ðloejiz bk bo b`b|jejea hb zrz crkjeakbz+ Zr
fezeúk bz sboi| ~a|yrb zb gi|ikxejb bo hb|bjma hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ oa yrb zegkeceji|bjele| oiz hbkrkjeiz hb jrioyreb| jerhihika/ eksbzxegi|oiz u zikjeaki|oiz/ ze ja||bz~akhb+
Ihbféz/ i oi Igbkjei ob ja||bz~akhb izbza|i| i jerhihikaz u io jak`rkxa hb oiz
ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz zal|b júfa gi|ikxepi| bo hb|bjma+ Bk jakj|bxa/ oiz crkjeakbz
féz hbzxijihiz hb oi Igbkjei zak0
• Ekca|fi| zal|b bo jakxbkeha/ oaz ~|ekje~eaz u oiz gi|ikxæiz hbo hb|bjma crkhifbkxio
i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
• Iurhi| io jerhihika i b`b|jexi| zrz hb|bjmaz/ u i oaz |bz~akzilobz u bkji|gihaz
hb x|ixifebkxaz i jrf~oe| oiz aloegijeakbz yrb bzxilobjb oi OA^H+
• Xrxboi| io jerhihika bk bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/
jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk jrikha ka mik zeha ixbkhehaz ihbjrihifbkxb ~a| oaz
|bz~akzilobz hb oaz cejmb|az+
• Gi|ikxepi| bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ eksbzxegikha iyrbooiz ijxrijeakbz
hb oaz |bz~akzilobz a bkji|gihaz hb cejmb|az yrb ~rbhik zb| jakx|i|eiz i oaz
~|ekje~eaz u gi|ikxæiz jakxbkehaz bk oi OA^H/ b ef~akb|/ bk zr jiza/ oi
ja||bz~akhebkxb zikjeúk+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <2 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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<+: Hb|bjma jaf~i|iha
Bo hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz mi jal|iha féz crb|pi bk oaz ðoxefaz
xebf~az hbleha/ hb rk oiha/ io ekj|bfbkxa hbo rza u hbzi||aooa hb oiz xbjkaoagæiz hb oiekca|fijeúk u jafrkejijeúk/ u hb ax|a oiha/ i oi ~i|xejroi| sezeúk i kesbo frkheio hb oiz
bf~|bziz u a|gikepijeakbz hb jakzehb|i| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz jafa rk ijxesa féz hb
oiz fezfiz/ u ~a| xikxa/ zr`bxa i oiz hbjezeakbz hb kbgajea yrb bzxefbk féz
lbkbcejeaziz/ hikha orgi| i rk irfbkxa bk oi jafb|jeioepijeúk u x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz+
Bk oi ijxrioehih/ Br|a~i bz bo xb||exa|ea féz zbkzeleoepiha jak oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ u bk
jakzbjrbkjei/ ~|bzbkxi rk fiua| g|iha hb hbzi||aooa |bgroixa|ea c|bkxb i ax|az xb||exa|eaz
hakhb/ lebk b}ezxbk ekejeixesiz obgezoixesiz jak sajijeúk hb zb| ef~oikxihiz bk bo ja|xa a
fbhea ~oipa/ lebk ihaobjbk hb rki irzbkjei ilzaorxi hb |bgroijeúk+
Jak oi ~|afrogijeúk hb oi He|bjxesi 52!83!JB hbo ^i|oifbkxa Br|a~ba u hbo Jakzb`a/ hb
<8 hb ajxrl|b hb 9552/ |boixesi i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi
io x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz u i oi oel|b je|jroijeúk hb bzxaz hixaz/ oi Rkeúk
Br|a~bi mi ekxbkxiha hi| rki zaorjeúk i kesbo jafrkexi|ea ~i|i gi|ikxepi| hb fikb|i bo
hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio u lrzji| bo byreoel|ea bkx|b oi
gi|ikxæi hbo hb|bjma u oi oel|b je|jroijeúk hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz+
Zek bfli|ga/ hbkx|a hbo éflexa jafrkexi|ea/ b}ezxbk hecb|bkjeiz bkx|b oiz hezxekxiz
obgezoijeakbz bk jrikxa i iz~bjxaz xiobz jafa oi kbjbzehih hb |bgezx|i| oaz cejmb|az hb
hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ oi b}ezxbkjei hb a|gikezfaz |bgroiha|bz/ bo |ågefbk zikjeakiha|/ oi
kbjbzehih hb jakzbkxefebkxa hb oaz xexroi|bz ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa u oi jbzeúk/ oi
jakcegr|ijeúk hb oiz aloegijeakbz yrb/ bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ zb hb|esik hb
oiz ~|bzxijeakbz hb zb|sejeaz yrb jaf~a|xik rk ijjbza i hixaz/ bxj+
^a| b`bf~oa/ oaz |bgæfbkbz zikjeakiha|bz jakca|fik rka hb oaz iz~bjxaz bk oaz yrb zb
alzb|sik fiua|bz hecb|bkjeiz bkx|b oaz hezxekxaz bzxihaz febfl|az/ hb ca|fi yrb zb
~ah|æi bzxilobjb| rki joizecejijeúk zbgðk oi kixr|iobpi hb oiz zikjeakbz+ B}ezxbk/ bk bzxb
zbkxeha/ ~iæzbz bk oaz yrb oiz |bz~bjxesiz obgezoijeakbz i~oejilobz bk fixb|ei hb~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ ikxb rki bsbkxrio srokb|ijeúk hb oiz fezfiz/
zúoa jakxbf~oik zikjeakbz bjakúfejiz hb ji|éjxb| ihfekezx|ixesa/ jafa zb|æi bo jiza hb
Bz~iùi/ Låogeji/ \beka Rkeha u \rfikæi+
Hbkx|a hb bzxb ~|efb| g|r~a hb ~iæzbz oiz hecb|bkjeiz bk |boijeúk jak oaz ef~a|xbz hb oiz
zikjeakbz |bzroxik ooifixesiz/ b}ezxebkha ~iæzbz jafa Bz~iùi/ jak rka hb oaz ef~a|xbz
~a| zikjeakbz féz ioxaz -yrb ~rbhbk iojikpi| rk fé}efa hb 3>9+>9</9> ₯% c|bkxb i
~iæzbz jafa \beka Rkeha/ hakhb oi zikjeúk féz ioxi bz hb 98+>>< ₯+
^a| ax|i ~i|xb/ zb ~rbhb hezxekgre| rk zbgrkha g|r~a hb ~iæzbz jafa ^a|xrgio/ Irzx|ei/
^aoakei u C|ikjei hakhb oi srokb|ijeúk hb oiz obgezoijeakbz bz~bjæcejiz hb ~|axbjjeúk hb
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <3 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <7 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ ihbféz hb zikjeakbz bjakúfejiz hb ji|éjxb| ihfekezx|ixesa/ ~rbhb
oobgi| i jaf~a|xi| ~bkiz ~|esixesiz hb oelb|xih/ yrb sik hbzhb 9 iùa -^a|xrgio/ Irzx|ei%
mizxi 2 iùaz -C|ikjei%+ Bk C|ikjei/ ihbféz/ bz hakhb zb alzb|sik oiz zikjeakbzbjakúfejiz féz ioxiz hb xaha bo xb||exa|ea hb oi Rkeúk Br|a~bi -9+2>>+>>> ₯%+
Bk gbkb|io/ ~rbhb jakjore|zb yrb/ hbkx|a hb oaz ~iæzbz yrb jakca|fik bo xb||exa|ea hb oi
RB/ b}ezxbk obgezoijeakbz bz~bjæcejiz bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Zek bfli|ga/ oaz
bzxihaz heceb|bk bk jrikxa io g|iha hb hbzi||aooa u iojikjb hb oiz fezfiz/ ~rhebkha
hbzxiji|zb ~iæzbz jafa C|ikjei/ ^a|xrgio a Bz~iùi/ jak rki fiua| ~|bzeúk |bgroixa|ei+
Ka alzxikxb oa ikxb|ea|/ bo iojikjb hb oi he|bjxesi si féz iooé hbo xb||exa|ea yrb ekxbg|ik oaz
bzxihaz febfl|az/ ui yrb zb |bjagbk rki zb|eb hb |byrezexaz i oi ma|i hb x|ikzcb|e| hixaz
~b|zakiobz ~|asbkebkxbz hbo xb||exa|ea jafrkexi|ea i xb|jb|az ~iæzbz/ jafa jakzxexrub oib}egbkjei hb jakxi| jak rk kesbo hb ~|axbjjeúk byre~i|ilob i oi paki RB/ ~rhebkha
oobgi|zb i jikjboi| oi x|ikzcb|bkjei ekxb|kijeakio hb hixaz+
Oiz ekzxexrjeakbz jafrkexi|eiz/ jakzjebkxbz hb zr ~i~bo jafa ~axbkjei ~aoæxeji u
bjakúfeji frkheio u hb oi ef~a|xikjei yrb oaz cor`az x|ikzc|akxb|epaz hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz
xebkbk bk bo éflexa hbo jafb|jea ekxb|kijeakio/ mik oobsiha i jila ~aoæxejiz hb ~|afajeúk
hb oi jaoila|ijeúk jak xb|jb|az ~iæzbz bk oaz yrb ka b}ezxb rki sb|hihb|i jroxr|i hb
|bz~bxa io hb|bjma i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ zb mik zrzj|exa ijrb|haz jak ~iæzbz a g|r~az hb ~iæzbz bk oaz yrb zb
bzxilobjbk hez~azejeakbz hb jaa~b|ijeúk bk oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz io al`bxa
hb bobsi| bo kesbo hb ~|axbjjeúk u bsexi| alzxéjroaz yrb hecejroxbk a~b|ijeakbz jafb|jeiobz
jak oaz fezfaz+ Hbzxiji/ bkx|b ax|iz ijxrijeakbz/ oi j|bijeúk ~a| ekejeixesi hb oi Igbkjei
Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb oi \bh Elb|aifb|ejiki hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz/ bk
`rkea hb <>>:+
Hbkx|a hbo jakxekbkxb ifb|ejika/ zb bkjrbkx|ik jizaz xik hez~i|bz jafa bo hb
I|gbkxeki/ hakhb zb mik |bioepiha ef~a|xikxbz bzcrb|paz |bgroixa|eaz/ oa yrb ob mi
~b|fexeha jaksb|xe|zb bk bo ~|efb| ~iæz oixekaifb|ejika io yrb oi Rkeúk Br|a~bi ob mi
|bjakajeha rk kesbo hb ~|axbjjeúk ihbjriha/ u oaz hb L|izeo a Få}eja/ hakhb ka miu rki
obgezoijeúk bz~bjæceji bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
^a| ðoxefa/ bo Br|ali|úfbx|a8 hb oi Jafezeúk br|a~bi hb cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ boila|iha i
~i|xe| hb a~ekeakbz hb bf~|bziz br|a~biz/ ikioepi rki zb|eb hb iz~bjxaz |boixesaz i oi
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Hb booaz zb hbz~|bkhb yrb bo =8" hb oiz bf~|bziz br|a~biz -bo
5=" hb oiz bz~iùaoiz% zak cisa|ilobz i rki fiua| i|fakepijeúk bk oiz fbhehiz hb
8 Br|ali|afbxb| Jafezeúk Br|a~bi ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak+ Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z―~b|jb~jeakbz -Cbl|ri|u <>>=%+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa br|a~ba |bioepihi i 8+=:2 jakx|aoiha|bz hb hixaz hb bf~|bzizzbobjjeakihiz bk lizb i haz j|exb|eaz0 ~iæz u kðfb|a hb bf~obihaz hb oi bf~|bzi -<>&85/ 2>&<85/ <2>$%+
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zbgr|ehih/ u yrb bo =>" -bo 53" bk bo jiza bz~iùao% ilagi ~a| rki fiua| rkeca|fehih
bkx|b oiz obgezoijeakbz hb oaz bzxihaz febfl|az bk oa yrb icbjxi i oi ka|fixesi zal|b
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
: ALOEGIJEAKBZ ^I\I OIZ ^UFBZ BK FIXB\EI HB
^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZBk se|xrh hb oaz hb|bjmaz yrb |bjakajb oi ka|fixesi bz~iùaoi i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz/
oiz ~ufbz bzxék aloegihiz i jrf~oe| jak oiz hez~azejeakbz ~|bsezxiz bk oi OA^H u
\HOA^H zebf~|b yrb hez~akgik hb cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ jak
ekhb~bkhbkjei hbo za~a|xb bk bo yrb zb bkjrbkx|bk -cejmb|az irxafixepihaz a ka
irxafixepihaz%+
Bo x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio mi hb |bioepi|zb hb ijrb|ha jak oaz
~|ekje~eaz hb ekca|fijeúk/ jioehih/ cekioehih/ jakzbkxefebkxa u zbgr|ehih+ Hejmaz ~|ekje~eaz
zb ~oizfik bk hesb|zaz ~|bjb~xaz hb oi OA^H+
Oaz ~|ekje~eaz hb oi OA^H ~|bxbkhbk ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb oaz ekxb|bzihaz0
• Oaz hixaz hblbk x|ixi|zb hb fikb|i obio u oæjexi+
• Oaz hixaz hblbk |bjagb|zb jak cekbz hbxb|fekihaz/ b}~oæjexaz u obgæxefaz+ Oaz
hixaz hblbk zb| ihbjrihaz/ ~b|xekbkxbz u ka b}jbzesaz bk |boijeúk jak bo éflexa
u oaz cekbz ~i|i oaz yrb zb mik |bjageha+
• Oaz hixaz hblbk zb| b}ijxaz u fikxbkb|zb ijxrioepihaz hb fikb|i yrb|bz~akhik jak sb|ijehih i oi zexrijeúk ijxrio hb zr xexroi|+
• Oaz |bz~akzilobz hblbk ixbkhb| i oaz ekxb|bzihaz yrb zaoejexbk bo ijjbza i zrz
hixaz ~b|zakiobz+
• Oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz zúoa hblbk jakzb|si|zb hr|ikxb bo xebf~a kbjbzi|ea ~i|i
oiz cekioehihbz hbo x|ixifebkxa ~i|i bo yrb mik zeha |bjagehaz+ Hblbk zb|
jikjboihaz jrikha miuik hb`iha hb zb| kbjbzi|eaz a ~b|xekbkxbz ~i|i bo cek jak
yrb zb alxrseb|ak+
Zb bkrfb|ik bk bzxb i~i|xiha oiz ~|ekje~iobz ef~oejijeakbz ~i|i oiz bf~|bziz yrb b}egb
oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Bkx|b ~i|åkxbzez zb ekjorub oi |bcb|bkjei
ka|fixesi hakhb zb |bjagb oi aloegijeúk/ ~i|i cijeoexi| zr jakzroxi u jakxb}xrioepijeúk+ Bk
bo i~i|xiha 8+< zb b}~oejik bk ~|acrkhehih oiz ef~oejijeakbz hb jihi aloegijeúk u zr kesbo
hb jakajefebkxa u!a jrf~oefebkxa ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz bf~|bziz+
9+ Hbjoi|ijeúk hb oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz/ ka irxafixepihaz a fe}xaz bk oi
Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+ -I|x+ :5 OA^H & Xæxroa S/ Ji~æxroa EE/ I|x+ 22
\HOA^H%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki <5 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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<+ Ekca|fijeúk io ekxb|bziha zal|b oi |bjagehi hb hixaz+ -I|x+ 2 OA^H & Ji~æxroa EE
zbjjeúk < \HOA^H%+
:+ Zaoejexrh hb jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb zrz hixaz+ -I|x+ 3
OA^H & Ji~æxroa EE zbjjeúk 9 \HOA^H%+ Zaoejexrh hb jakzbkxefebkxa ~i|i x|ixi|
hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih+ -I|x+ 9: OA^H%+
8+ Hbxb|fekijeúk hb oi cekioehih u hbcekejeúk hb oi jioehih hb oaz hixaz0 joizecejijeúk/
|bjoizecejijeúk -ze crbzb kbjbzi|ea%/ a|hbkijeúk u ig|r~ijeúk hb cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz u ka irxafixepihaz+ -I|x+ = OA^H & Xæxroa EE Ji~æxroa E \HOA^H%+
2+ Ekca|fijeúk io ekxb|bziha u gbzxeúk hb oi jafrkejijeúk a jbzeúk hb hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 99 OA^H ‚ I|x+ 9>/ 9</ 93 \HOA^H%+
3+ Gbzxeúk hb hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk -hb|bjmaz
I+\+J+A+% -Xæxroa EEE OA^H & Xæxroa EEE \HOA^H%+
7+ Gbzxeúk hbo x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk x|ikzcb|bkjeiz
ekxb|kijeakiobz+ -Xæxroa S OA^H ‚ Xæxroa SE \HOA^H%+
=+ X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio jak cekbz ~rloejexi|eaz u ~|az~bjjeúk
jafb|jeio+ -I|x+ :> OA^H ‚ Xæxroa ES/ Zbjjeúk </ Ji~æxroa EE%+
5+ Hbcekejeúk hbo bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa u bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a+ -I|x+ 9<
OA^H ‚ I|x+ 2/ <>/ =< \HOA^H%+
9>+ Gbzxeúk hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih i~oejilobz i oiz hezxekxiz xe~aoagæiz hb hixaz+
-Hez~azejeúk x|ikzexa|ei zbgrkhi/ Xæxroa SEEE \HOA^H%+
a Hbzi||aooa hbo hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih bk bo yrb jakzxbk oiz fbhehiz
xikxa xåjkejiz jafa a|gikepixesiz yrb gi|ikxejbk rk ihbjriha x|ixifebkxa
hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ == \HOA^H%+
a Hesrogijeúk hb oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih iha~xihiz i xaha bo ~b|zakio hb
oi bf~|bzi+ -I|x+ =5+< \HOA^H%+
a Jakx|ao hb ijjbza ~a| ~i|xb hb oaz rzri|eaz i oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 59/ 55 \HOA^H%+
a Hbcekejeúk hbo fbjikezfa hb ehbkxecejijeúk!irxbkxejijeúk hb oaz rzri|eaz
hbo zezxbfi+ -I|x+ 5: \HOA^H%+
a Gbzxeúk hb ja~eiz hb |bz~ioha u |bjr~b|ijeúk hb oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hbji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 58/ 9>< \HOA^H%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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a Hbzi||aooa hbo |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz bk bo yrb jakzxb cbjmi/ ~azelob
faxesa u |bz~akzilob bk bo fafbkxa hb ajr||e| oiz ekjehbkjeiz |boixesiz i
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 5>/ 9>> \HOA^H%+
a Gbzxeúk hb za~a|xbz u hajrfbkxaz+ -I|x+ 5</ 57/ 9>9 \HOA^H%+
a Hbcekejeúk hbo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih -I|x+52 \HOA^H%+
a Irhexa|æi lebkio zal|b oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk/ ekzxioijeakbz/ ~b|zakiz
u ~|ajbzaz jruaz cejmb|az zbik hbjoi|ihaz hb kesbo fbhea a ioxa+ -I|x+ 53/
99> \HOA^H%+
a J|exb|eaz hb i|jmesa ~i|i oi ja||bjxi jakzb|sijeúk u oajioepijeúk hbhajrfbkxaz yrb jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 9>3
\HOA^H%+
a Gbzxeúk hb ijjbzaz i oi hajrfbkxijeúk zúoa ~a| ~b|zakio irxa|epiha+ -I|x+
99: \HOA^H%+
a Hbcekejeúk hbo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz yrb
jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x 9>5 \HOA^H%+
a Hbz~oebgrb hb fbhehiz hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji ~i|i oaz cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ -I|x+ 9>7/ 999 \HOA^H%+
a Hbcekejeúk hb fbjikezfaz jakx|i oi ja~ei u |b~|ahrjjeúk ka irxa|epihi hb
cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz+ -I|x+ 99< \HOA^H%+
Oi fiua| ~i|xb hb oiz aloegijeakbz jakxbf~oihiz bk oi ka|fixesi hblbk zb| jrf~oehiz
~a| bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz+
Bo |bz~akzilob hb rk cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa bz oi bkxehih yrb hbjehb zal|b oi cekioehih/ bo
jakxbkeha u bo rza hbo x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz+ Bz hbje|/ oi bf~|bzi zb|é oi|bz~akzilob hb oaz cejmb|az yrb jakxebkbk hixaz |boixesaz i zrz bf~obihaz u i zrz
joebkxbz/ u bo |bzxa hb cejmb|az yrb fikb`bk+ Zal|b bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a |bjibk oiz
~|ekje~iobz aloegijeakbz bzxilobjehiz ~a| oi OA^H u ob ja||bz~akhb sboi| ~a| bo
jrf~oefebkxa hb oi Obu bk zr a|gikepijeúk+
Izajeihi i oi cegr|i hbo |bz~akzilob bzxé oi cegr|i hbo bkji|giha/ yrb bz oi ~b|zaki a
bkxehih/ irxa|ehih ~ðloeji/ zb|sejea a jrioyreb| ax|a a|gikezfa yrb/ zaoa a jak ax|az/ x|ixb
hixaz ~a| jrbkxi hbo |bz~akzilob/ jafa jakzbjrbkjei hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb rki |boijeúk
`r|æheji yrb ob sekjroi jak bo fezfa u hboefexi bo éflexa hb zr ijxrijeúk ~i|i oi~|bzxijeúk hb rk zb|sejea+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :9 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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Zb x|ixi|æi/ ~a| b`bf~oa/ hb rki bf~|bzi yrb ~|bzxb zb|sejeaz ~i|i oi |bioepijeúk hb
bksæaz ~azxiobz4 bo ekca|féxeja i`bka i oi a|gikepijeúk hbo |bz~akzilob yrb |bioepi xi|biz
hb fikxbkefebkxa hb zacxwi|b a mi|hwi|b4 bo gbzxa| ihfekezx|ixesa yrb jakcbjjeakikúfekiz u gbzxeaki bo cejmb|a hb ~b|zakio‣ Ka zb jakzehb|i bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa i
oi ~b|zaki cæzeji yrb xbkgi ijjbza i oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk zr jakhejeúk hb bf~obiha
hbkx|a hb oi |boijeúk oila|io yrb fikxebkb jak bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a+
Iflaz/ bkji|giha u |bz~akzilob hbo x|ixifebkxa/ ~rbhbk zb| zikjeakihaz hb ijrb|ha i
oi OA^H ze ekjrf~obk zrz aloegijeakbz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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8 KESBO HB IHA^JEÚK HB OI KA\FIXESI ZAL\B
OI ^\AXBJJEÚK HB HIXAZ BK OIZ ^UFBZZb ikioepi i jakxekrijeúk oi zexrijeúk hb oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bk jrikxa i jrf~oefebkxa hb
oiz hez~azejeakbz obgiobz ~|bsezxiz bk oi OA^H u \HOA^H+
Oaz |bzroxihaz bzxihæzxejaz zal|b bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi bk fixb|ei hb
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz yrb zb frbzx|ik i jakxekrijeúk ja||bz~akhbk i oi ~i|xb jrikxexixesi
hb oaz x|ili`az hb eksbzxegijeúk hbo bzxrhea/ jaf~obfbkxihaz jak ekca|fijeúk |bjilihi
bk oi cizb jrioexixesi+ Xio u jafa zb mi b}~oejiha bk bo i~i|xiha 9+8/ oaz |bzroxihaz xebkbk
zr lizb bk a~ekeakbz u ~b|jb~jeakbz hb oiz bf~|bziz bkjrbzxihiz/ i b}jb~jeúk hb oi
ekca|fijeúk jakx|izxihi i x|isåz hbo \bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz/ yrb zbekheji|é b}~|bzifbkxb+
Jak bo al`bxesa hb cijeoexi| zr jaf~|bkzeúk bzxb ji~æxroa zb mi heseheha bk 8
zrli~i|xihaz0
• I~|a}efijeúk i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb+
• Jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi segbkxb+
• Jakjebkjeijeúk hb oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oe| jak oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hbhixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
• Ekz~bjjeakbz/ hbkrkjeiz u zikjeakbz hb|esihiz hbo ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi
ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
8+9 I~|a}efijeúk i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb
8+9+9 Jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
Bzxb i~i|xiha frbzx|i bo kesbo hb jakzjebkjei yrb xebkbk oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz zal|b oib}ezxbkjei hb rki ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ I oaz bcbjxaz hb bzxb bzxrhea/ zb mi
jakzehb|iha jakajefebkxa jafa rki kajeúk lézeji hb oaz iz~bjxaz yrb x|ixi xikxa oi Obu
jafa bo \bgoifbkxa+ Bo ikéoezez hb bzxb ~rkxa ka hbxb|feki bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa/
~b|a zæ bz rk ekhejea hb jrék b}xbkheha u gbkb|ioepiha bzxé bo jakajefebkxa hb oi
ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bkx|b oiz bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz+
Bo G|éceja 9 |bjagb bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi OA^H bkx|b oiz ~ukbz bz~iùaoiz0 zúoa
rk :8" hbjoi|i jakajb| oi b}ezxbkjei hb oi obu+ I~|bjeijeakbz jrioexixesiz hb oiz
bf~|bziz bkx|bsezxihiz zbùioik yrb bo jakajefebkxa ~i|xb hb ekca|fijeúk ac|bjehi ~a|
izajeijeakbz zbjxa|eiobz a Jéfi|iz hb Jafb|jea/ izæ jafa ~a| gbzxa|æiz+ Rk 33" hejb
hbzjakajb|oi ~a| jaf~obxa/ ekjorza hbz~råz hb milb|obz ijoi|iha l|bsbfbkxb zr a|egbk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
b ef~oejijeakbz+ Bo ioxa kesbo hb hbzjakajefebkxa bz zækxafi hb ekjrf~oefebkxa -~i|bjb
oúgeja ~bkzi| yrb/ ze lebk jakajb| ka byresiob i jrf~oe|/ ka jakajb| zæ bz ekhejea hb ka
jrf~oe|%/ oa yrb ~|bajr~i xbkebkha bk jrbkxi oi cbjmi hb bkx|ihi bk sega| hb oi obu-hbzhb 9555%/ bo ji|éjxb| aloegixa|ea hb zrz hez~azejeakbz u oi b}ezxbkjei hb zikjeakbz
~|bsezxiz ikxb zr ekjrf~oefebkxa+
G|éceja 90 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi OA^H -"%
:8"
33"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bo G|éceja < frbzx|i bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oiz bf~|bziz zal|b bo \HOA^H/ bk
sega| hbzhb bo 95 hb il|eo hb <>>=0 rk 98" hb oiz ~ufbz hbjoi|i jakajb| bo |bgoifbkxa/
febkx|iz yrb rk =2" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka jakajb| oi b}ezxbkjei ke ef~oejijeakbz
hbo fezfa+ Rk 9" frbzx|i ekjb|xehrfl|b+
Bo ioxa ~a|jbkxi`b hb hbzjakajefebkxa/ zr~b|ea| ekjorza io |bcb|eha i oi OA^H/ ~rbhb
hblb|zb i oi |bjebkxb bkx|ihi bk sega| hbo |bgoifbkxa/ yrb ~ah|æi ka milb| oobgiha iðk ioiz bf~|bziz i x|isåz hb kekgðk fbhea+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :8 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :2 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
G|éceja <0 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk bo \HOA^H -"%
98"
=2"
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
I oi sezxi hb oaz |bzroxihaz fazx|ihaz bk oaz haz ~|efb|az g|écejaz/ oi jakjorzeúk bz
joi|i0 oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi frbzx|i rk li`a kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ xikxa hb oi OA^H -:8"% jafa hbo |bjebkxb |bgoifbkxa hb hbzi||aooa-98"%+
Bk bzxb ~rkxa/ zb mi jakzehb|iha jaksbkebkxb bzxilobjb| rki jaf~i|ijeúk bkx|b bo kesbo
hb jakajefebkxa fazx|iha ~a| oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi -ikioepiha ikxb|ea|fbkxb% u bo hbjoi|iha
~a| oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi/ hb rk oiha/ u oi bf~|bzi br|a~bi/ hb ax|a+ Izæ/ xio u jafa zb
|bjagb bk bo Li|úfbx|a hbo JEZ hb cbl|b|a hb <>>=2/ i oi ~|bgrkxi ±Zilb Rh+ ze b}ezxb
iogrki obu yrb ~|axb`i oi ekxefehih ~b|zakio u cifeoei| hb oaz jerhihikaz jakx|i oaz
~azelobz ilrzaz yrb ~rbhik ~|ahrje|zb jak zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz1 oiz |bz~rbzxiz
crb|ak0 2</8" zæ b}ezxb/ 3/<" ka b}ezxb u 89/>" ka zilb ->+8" K+J+%+ Oi ~aloijeúk
bz~iùaoi bzxé féz jakjebkjeihi yrb bo jaobjxesa ~ufb ijb|ji hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb
ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
^a| oa yrb |bz~bjxi i oi bf~|bzi br|a~bi -ka b}jorzesifbkxb ~ufb%/ oaz hixaz hbo
Br|ali|úfbx|a frbzx|ik yrb bo 23" hb oiz bf~|bziz hbjoi|ik zb| ‟bk jeb|xa faha
cifeoei|bz‖ jak oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz4 zúoa bo 9:" ekheji zb| ‟fru
2 JEZ/ Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa kijeakio jak rki frbzx|i hb <+87> zr`bxaz-~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi hb iflaz zb}az hb 9= iùaz u féz%
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :3 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
cifeoei|‖ 4 u rk :>" ihfexb ‟ka zb| bk ilzaorxa cifeoei| ‖ jak oiz ~|asezeakbz hb oi obu+3+
Xifleåk bk bzxb jiza oi jakjorzeúk bz joi|i0 oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi frbzx|i rk fbka|
jakajefebkxa zal|b oi ka|fixesi yrb oi bf~|bzi br|a~bi+
8+9+< Jakajefebkxa hb oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz
Oi ka|fixesi segbkxb zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hbzjikzi bk oi hecb|bkjeijeúk hb oaz
hixaz u oaz |byrezexaz hb zbkzeleoehih ~i|i zr kesbo hb ~|axbjjeúk+ Bk jakzbjrbkjei zb
joizecejik oaz cejmb|az yrb oaz jakxebkbk bk cejmb|az hb kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa+ Bzxi
joizecejijeúk ef~oeji bo bzxilobjefebkxa hb fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih hb ji|éjxb| féz a
fbkaz b}egbkxb bk crkjeúk hb oi zbkzeleoehih hb oaz hixaz+ Bk bo i~i|xiha 8+<+99 zb
~|acrkhepi zal|b oiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz u fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih i i~oeji| ~i|i jihi rka hb
oaz cejmb|az hb kesbo lézeja/ fbhea a ioxa+
Bk jrioyreb| jiza/ zb mi jakzehb|iha yrb bo jakajefebkxa hb bzxi joizecejijeúk jakzxexrub
rk zækxafi hb oi jakjebkjeijeúk u zbkzeleoepijeúk hb oiz ^UFB zal|b oi ka|fixesi/ u ~a|
booa zb mi ekjoreha zr ikéoezez bk bo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea+
Rki jri|xi ~i|xb hb oiz ^UFB ice|fi jakajb| oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz hb kesbo lézeja/
fbhea u ioxa+ Bo kesbo hb ~b|jb~jeúk hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz/ |bz~bjxa hb oi joizecejijeúk hb
oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bz jeb|xifbkxb li`a/ ~b|a jamb|bkxb jak oa bz~b|iha i oi
orp hbo jakajefebkxa hbjoi|iha hb oi ka|fixesi+
3 Br|ali|afbxb| Jafezeúk Br|a~bi ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak+ Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z―~b|jb~jeakbz -Cbl|ri|u <>>=%+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa br|a~ba |bioepihi i 8+=:2 jakx|aoiha|bz hb hixaz hb bf~|bzizzbobjjeakihiz bk lizb i haz j|exb|eaz0 ~iæz u kðfb|a hb bf~obihaz hb oi bf~|bzi -<>&85/ 2>&<85/ <2>$%+
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :0 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz bk kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa -"%
<3"
78"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+9+: B}ezxbkjei hb cejmb|az
Rki sbp ikioepihaz oaz hixaz zal|b bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi obu u bo |bgoifbkxa/ bo
bzxrhea |bcob`i bk bzxb i~i|xiha bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb fikb`ik cejmb|azirxafixepihaz u!a ka irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Hb bzxi ca|fi/ zb
ac|bjb rki sezeúk hbo ~a|jbkxi`b hb ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz icbjxihiz -a ~axbkjeiofbkxb
icbjxihiz% ~a| oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bo G|éceja 8 frbzx|i yrb hbo xaxio hb bkjrbzxihaz/ bo 53" hejb xbkb| hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio bk zrz zezxbfiz ekca|féxejaz u!a bk zrz i|jmesaz hb ~i~bo/ febkx|iz yrb ~a|
ax|a oiha rk 8" hejb ka xbkb| cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk kekgrki hb zrz
xe~aoagæiz+ Jize oi xaxioehih hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoi hez~akb hb cejmb|az jak hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :7 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 80 Bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz u!a ka irxafixepihaz yrb ekjoruik hixaz
hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
53"
8"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bk bo G|éceja 2 zb ikioepi bo kesbo hb ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz yrb hbjoi|ik hez~akb| hb cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio0 rk 7=" hbo xaxio hb oaz bkjrbzxihazx|ili`i jak hejmaz cejmb|az+
G|éceja 20 Bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb ekjoruik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
-"%
7="
<<"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki := hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Hb oi hecb|bkjei bkx|b iflaz g|écejaz/ zb ~rbhb jakjore| yrb b}ezxb rk 9=" hb oiz ~ufbz
bz~iùaoiz yrb xahisæi x|ili`i b}jorzesifbkxb jak cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio bk ca|fixa ~i~bo+
Zb ikioepi bk bo G|éceja 3 oi xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az hb oaz yrb hez~akb jihi bf~|bzi+ Bo
xe~a hb cejmb|a irxafixepiha yrb féz ~|bzbkjei xebkb hbkx|a hb oiz bf~|bziz bz bo hb
joebkxbz -7<"%/ zbgreha hb oaz cejmb|az hb ~|asbbha|bz -29"% u kúfekiz -:>"%+ Jak
frjmi fbka| ~|bzbkjei/ oiz ~ufbz fbkjeakik cejmb|az hb jakxileoehih/ zbgr|ehih zajeio/
fbka|bz/ ijjehbkxbz hb x|ili`a u ax|az+
G|éceja 30 Xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
:"
9"
9"
8"
2"
9="
:>"
29"
7<"
>" 9>" <>" :>" 8>" 2>" 3>" 7>" =>"
Ax|az
Ijjehbkxbz hb x|ili`a
Hixaz hb Fbka|bz
Zbgr|ehih Zajeio
\bjr|zaz Mrfikaz
Jakxileoehih
Kúfekiz
^|asbbha|bz
Joebkxbz
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Hbkx|a hb bzxaz cejmb|az zb fikb`ik hixaz hbo xe~a0 kafl|b -73"%/ he|bjjeúk -79"% u
xboåcaka -7>"% izæ jafa0 b&fieo -89"%/ HKE -8>"% u hixaz likji|eaz -89"%+ Zb x|ixi/ bk
zr fiua|æi/ hb hixaz jak rk kesbo hb zbgr|ehih lézeja/ i b}jb~jeúk hb oaz hixaz zal|bziorh -kesbo hb zbgr|ehih ioxa%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki :5 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 70 Xe~aoagæi hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio fikb`ihaz hbkx|a hb oaz cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz -"%
73"79" 7>"
89" 89" 8>"
:" <" 8"
>"
9>"
<>"
:>"
8>"
2>"
3>"
7>"
=>"
Kafl|b He|bjjeúk Xboåcaka Bfieo Hixaz
Likji|eaz
HKE Ziorh Zbgr|ehih
Zajeio
Ax|az
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+9+8 I~oejijeúk hb ~aoæxejiz hb zbgr|ehih
^i|i bo ja||bjxa x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio zb hblbk xbkb| bk jrbkxi~aoæxejiz bz~bjæcejiz hb zbgr|ehih yrb gi|ikxejbk oi ~|esijehih hb oaz fezfaz+ B`bf~oaz
hb bzxiz ~aoæxejiz zak bo bzxilobjefebkxa hb rk ~|ajbhefebkxa hb ioxiz/ li`iz u
fahecejijeakbz hb rzri|eaz/ oi |bioepijeúk hb ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih/ oi gbzxeúk hb
ekjehbkxbz/ oi boila|ijeúk hb jakx|aobz hb ijjbza/ bxj+ Xahiz bzxiz ~aoæxejiz zb x|ihrjbk
bk rki zb|eb hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz u jakx|aobz yrb ca|fik ~i|xb hb oaz |byrb|efebkxaz ~i|i
ihi~xi|zb i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz u yrb zak |bjagehaz hbkx|a hbo \HOA^H
jafa fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih+ Bzxiz fbhehiz hblbk bzxi| bkgoalihiz hbkx|a hb rki
~aoæxeji yrb izbgr|b yrb zb jrf~oik u zb| hajrfbkxihiz bk bo ooifiha Hajrfbkxa hb
Zbgr|ehih/ hbo yrb zb x|ixi|é bk bo i~i|xiha 8+<+9>+
Bk jrikxa i oi i~oejijeúk hb bzxiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih bz~bjæcejiz ~i|i oaz hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio yrb hblb|æik xbkb| xikxa oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jafa ka
irxafixepihaz/ oaz |bzroxihaz alxbkehaz zb hbzxijik bk bo G|éceja =0 Oi jri|xi ~i|xb hb
oiz bf~|bziz hejb i~oeji| ~aoæxejiz bz~bjæcejiz hb zbgr|ehih i oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk
za~a|xb bobjx|úkeja u bk za~a|xb ~i~bo+ Bo |bzroxiha bz ija|hb jak bo kesbo hb
jakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi/ jakzehb|ikha yrb ka zb mi ~|bgrkxiha ~a| ~aoæxejiz hb
zbgr|ehih bk oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk bk gbkb|io/ zeka féz lebk bz~bjæcejaz hbo
x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 8> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Jakjorzeakbz hb oi cizb jrioexixesi frbzx|ik yrb oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik xbkb|
ef~oikxihi iogrki ~aoæxeji hb zbgr|ehih/ jakzehb|ik yrb åzxi ~rbhb jakzezxe|/ ~a|
b`bf~oa/ bk xbkb| hbcekeha rk rzri|ea u jakx|izbùi ~i|i ijjbhb| io byre~a ekca|féxeja+ BoG|éceja = frbzx|i/ ~a| xikxa/ bo g|iha bk yrb oiz ~ufbz xebkbk oi zbkzijeúk hb i~oeji|
ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih bz~bjæceji i oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz4 bo kesbo bcbjxesa hb
ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih zb|é ikioepiha bk bo i~i|xiha 8+<+99+
G|éceja =0 I~oejijeúk hb iogrki ~aoæxeji a ka|fi hb zbgr|ehih |boixesi bz~bjæcejifbkxb i oaz
hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk za~a|xb bobjx|úkeja u bk ~i~bo -"%
<2"
79"
8"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+< Jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi segbkxb
Bzxb i~i|xiha frbzx|i bo kesbo hb ihi~xijeúk hb oi ~ufb i oiz ~|ekje~iobz aloegijeakbz
~|bsezxiz bk oi OA^H u bo \HOA^H+ ^i|i jihi rki hb booiz zb b}~oeji l|bsbfbkxb bk
yrå jakzezxb oi aloegijeúk u oiz ef~oejijeakbz ~i|i oi bf~|bzi/ oaz i|xæjroaz hb oi obu a|bgoifbkxa hakhb zb |bjagb/ u oaz hixaz b}x|iæhaz hb oi eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi u!a
jrioexixesi yrb frbzx|ik bo g|iha hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz ~ufbz+
8+<+9 Hbjoi|ijeúk hb oaz cejmb|az bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+
Oi aloegijeúk ~|ekje~io u ~rkxa hb ~i|xehi ~i|i oi ja||bjxi ihbjrijeúk u jrf~oefebkxa hb
oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz oi hbjoi|ijeúk ikxb bo \bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb
^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz hb xahaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz zrzjb~xelobz hb
x|ixifebkxa+ Bzxi aloegijeúk sebkb |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ <3 hb oi OA^H u bk bo Xæxroa S/
Ji~æxroa EE/ I|x+ 22 hbo \HOA^H4 i|xæjroaz yrb hez~akbk oi ca|fi hb kaxeceji| b ekzj|ele| oazcejmb|az bk bo |bgezx|a+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 89 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bo G|éceja 5 frbzx|i yrb hbo xaxio hb ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz/ bo :7" ice|fi
milb|oaz hbjoi|iha bk bo |bgezx|a hb oi IB^H/ c|bkxb i rk 87" yrb jakce|fi yrb ka oaz
mi hbjoi|iha u rk 93" yrb hejb hbzjakajb| zr zexrijeúk io |bz~bjxa+ Oi eksbzxegijeúkjrioexixesi mi ~b|fexeha ~|acrkhepi| bk oaz faxesaz ~i|i bzxb bobsiha ækhejb hb
hbzjakajefebkxa/ fazx|ikha jafa ~azelob |ipúk bo mbjma hb yrb oi hbjoi|ijeúk hb
cejmb|az/ io egrio yrb ax|az ~|ajbzaz hb ji|éjxb| cezjio a jakxilob/ ka zb |bioepi
he|bjxifbkxb ~a| oi bf~|bzi/ zeka ~a| rk xb|jb|a -gbzxa|æi/ jakzroxa|i a zefeoi|%+ Bk
jrioyreb| jiza/ bo ioxa kesbo hb hbzjakajefebkxa jakzxexrub rk ekhejea hb oi cioxi hb
jakjebkjeijeúk jak |bz~bjxa io jrf~oefebkxa hb oi aloegijeúk lézeji hb hbjoi|i| oaz
cejmb|az ikxb oi IB^H+
G|éceja 50 Bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik xbkb| hbjoi|ihaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb|~b|zakio bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -"%
:7"
87"
93"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bk jakx|izxb jak oiz |bz~rbzxiz hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz bk fixb|ei hb hbjoi|ijeúk hb
cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ u jak bo al`bxa hb fexegi| bo ~azelob zbzga hb oiz
|bz~rbzxiz hb oiz ~ufbz/ zb mi sb|ecejiha i x|isåz hbo ~a|xio wbl hb oi IB^H
www+ig~h+bz bo ~a|jbkxi`b |bio hb iyrbooiz bf~|bziz yrb mik hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az
jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio0 zúoa rk 93" hb oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz
oaz xebkbk bk |bioehih hbjoi|ihaz/ c|bkxb io :7" yrb ice|fi milb|oa |bioepiha+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 8< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 9>0 Bf~|bziz yrb bcbjxesifbkxb xebkbk hbjoi|ihaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -"%
93"
=8"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Oi hecb|bkjei hb <9 ~rkxaz ~a|jbkxriobz bkx|b ~b|jb~jeúk -G|éceja 5% u |bioehih -G|éceja
9>% ~rbhb hblb|zb i0
• Bo oi~za hb xebf~a yrb ~rbhb x|ikzjr||e| bkx|b bo ekejea hb oi zaoejexrh hb
hbjoi|ijeúk u oi cbjmi bcbjxesi hb |bgezx|a+ ^ah|æi hi|zb bo jiza hb bf~|bziz yrb
mik ekejeiha bo ~|ajbza hb hbjoi|ijeúk ~b|a åzxb ka zb mi jaf~obxiha+ Ka
alzxikxb/ ~i|bjb rk hbzcizb b}jbzesa -<9 ~rkxaz ~a|jbkxriobz% ~i|i `rzxeceji| bzxi
~azxr|i+
• Rki |bz~rbzxi jakhejeakihi hbo bf~|bzi|ea ikxb rk xbfi hboejiha0 zb x|ixi hb
rki ~|bgrkxi zal|b bo jrf~oefebkxa hb rki hez~azejeúk aloegixa|ei ~|bsezxi bk oi
obu jrua ekjrf~oefebkxa zb ~rbhb x|ihrje| bk rki zikjeúk+ Bz ~azelob yrb b}ezxijeb|xa zbzga bk oiz |bz~rbzxiz+
• Rk hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz yrb ~rbhb bzxi|
~|asajikha jakcrzeúk bk oiz |bz~rbzxiz hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz+
Bo mbjma hb yrb rk =8" hb oiz bf~|bziz bkjrbzxihiz ka xbkgi hbjoi|ihaz zrz cejmb|az
ikxb oi IB^H/ mijb sezorfl|i| rki jec|i bobsihi hb ekjrf~oefebkxa ~i|i bo xb`eha
bf~|bzi|eio féz |bobsikxb hbo ~iæz+
Oiz jec|iz yrb fikb`i oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz zal|b bo ~a|jbkxi`b
hb ~ufbz yrb mik hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az zak jamb|bkxbz jak oaz hixaz yrb zb frbzx|ik
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 8: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
bk bo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea4 izæ/ zbgðk oi IB^H/ bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb ~ufbz yrb xebkb zrz
cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz zb zexði bkx|b bo 9>" u bo 92"/ jak rk kesbo hb hbjoi|ijeúk j|bjebkxb
jihi iùa+ Oi IB^H jakzehb|i yrb bo jaobjxesa yrb |bioepi féz ekzj|e~jeakbz bk oiijxrioehih bz bo hb ~ufbz u fej|a~ufbz hiha yrb oiz g|ikhbz jaf~iùæiz crb|ak oiz
~|efb|iz bk ihbjri|zb i oi obu bk iùaz ikxb|ea|bz -oi OA^H bzxé segbkxb hbzhb 9555%+ Oi
bsaorjeúk hb cejmb|az ekzj|exaz bz oi zegrebkxb0
• Iùa <>>>0 <<>+>>> cejmb|az+
• Iùa <>>30 73>+>>> cejmb|az+
• Iùa <>>70 9+>>>+>>> cejmb|az+
Zbgðk ~ioil|iz hb I|xbfe \iooa/ He|bjxa| hb oi IB^H0‖oaz |bzroxihaz hbo bzxrhea zb
i`rzxik lizxikxb i oaz hixaz yrb fikb`ifaz bk oi IB^H+ Bk jrikxa io g|iha hb
jrf~oefebkxa bzxefifaz yrb bk xa|ka i rk 9>" a rk 92" hb oiz ~ufbz bzxék
jrf~oebkha jak zrz |bz~akzileoehihbz+ Bk oi ijxrioehih xbkbfaz ekzj|exaz bk bo \bgezx|a
Gbkb|io hb oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz rk xaxio hb 9+>=2+7:9 cejmb|az u
jakxileoepihaz 8<7+553 |bz~akzilobz+ Zak jec|iz yrb kaz mijbk sb| jak a~xefezfa bo
crxr|a ~b|a xbkbfaz yrb zbgre| x|ili`ikha ~i|i yrb xahiz oiz jaf~iùæiz siuik
ihbjrékhazb u jrf~oebkha jak oiz aloegijeakbz yrb bzxilobjb oi OA^H‖+
\bz~bjxa i oi xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz/ bo G|éceja 99 frbzx|i oi xe~aoagæi hb
cejmb|az yrb oaz bkjrbzxihaz ice|fik milb| hbjoi|iha ikxb oi IB^H+ Oaz cejmb|az
hbjoi|ihaz jak féz c|bjrbkjei zak oaz hb joebkxbz -=3"%/ ~|asbbha|bz -33"% u kúfekiz
-89"%+ Bzxb |bzroxiha bz jakzezxbkxb jak oaz hixaz fazx|ihaz bk bo G|éceja 3/ hakhb zb
ikioepili oi xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az yrb fikb`ik oiz ~ufbz/ u yrb fazx|ilik yrb joebkxbz/
~|asbbha|bz u kúfekiz zak oaz cejmb|az yrb bk fiua| fbhehi zak fikb`ihaz ~a| oiz
bf~|bziz+
Oaz hixaz |bjilihaz bk bzxb g|éceja bzxék lizihaz bk oi ~b|jb~jeúk hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz
zal|b bo ~|ajbza hb hbjoi|ijeúk/ oa yrb ~rbhb ef~oeji| rki hbzseijeúk jak oi |bioehih+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 88 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 990 Xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ~a| oi ~ufb ikxb oi IB^H -"%
=3"
33"
89"
97"
7":" :" :"
>"
9>"
<>"
:>"
8>"
2>"
3>"
7>"
=>"
5>"
9>>"
Joebkxbz ^|asbbha|bz Kúfekiz Jakxileoehih Zbgr|ehih
Zajeio
Hixaz hb
Fbka|bz
Ijjehbkxbz
hb x|ili`a
Ax|az
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Hb oiz ~ufbz yrb ice|fik xbkb| hbjoi|ihaz zrz cejmb|az bk oi IB^H/ bo 5>" hejb milb|
hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo lézeja/ rk <2" hb kesbo fbhea u zúoa rk 9:" cejmb|az hb kesbo
ioxa+ Bzxaz |bzroxihaz zak jakzezxbkxbz jak oaz fazx|ihaz bk bo G|éceja 7/ hakhb zbikioepilik oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz yrb zb bkjrbkx|ik bk oaz cejmb|az hb oiz bf~|bziz+
\bja|hikha oiz jakjorzeakbz hb iyrbo g|éceja/ oaz hixaz féz milexriobz bk bo bkxa|ka
^UFB zak kafl|b/ he|bjjeúk/ xboåcaka/ b&fieo/ hixaz likji|eaz u HKE+ Xahaz booaz zak
hixaz hb kesbo lézeja+ Jafa zb ~rbhb i~|bjei|/ b}ezxb rk fækefa ~a|jbkxi`b hb
bf~|bziz yrb hejbk milb| hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 82 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 9<0 Kesbo hb zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ~a| oiz ~ufbz ikxb oi IB^H -"%
5>
<29:
:
33=8
7 5:
>"
9>"
<>"
:>"
8>"
2>"
3>"
7>"
=>"
5>"
9>>"
Lézeja Fbhea Ioxa
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+<+< Ekca|fijeúk io ekxb|bziha zal|b oi |bjagehi hb hixaz+
Jrioyreb| ~b|zaki xebkb hb|bjma i zilb| ze zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz sik i zb| ekjorehaz bk
rk cejmb|a/ u oaz x|ixifebkxaz yrb zb |bioepik jak bzaz hixaz+ Oi jakx|i~i|xehi hb bzxbhb|bjma bz oi aloegijeúk/ |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 2 hb oi OA^H/ yrb xebkbk oaz |bz~akzilobz
hb cejmb|az a x|ixifebkxaz -oiz ~ufbz/ i oaz bcbjxaz hbo bzxrhea% hb ekca|fi| i oaz
jerhihikaz hb oi ekja|~a|ijeúk hb zrz hixaz i rk cejmb|a/ hb oi ehbkxehih u he|bjjeúk hbo
|bz~akzilob/ hb oi cekioehih hbo cejmb|a/ hb oaz hbzxekixi|eaz hb oi ekca|fijeúk/ izæ jafa
hb oi ~azeleoehih hb b`b|jexi| oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk u
a~azejeúk+
Bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hbjoi|iha hbo hblb| hb ekca|fijeúk bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz
yrb hez~akbk hb cejmb|az irxafixepihaz bz/ xio u jafa frbzx|i bo G|éceja 9:/ hb rk <5"+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 83 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 9:0 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb
ekca|fijeúk i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz -"%
<5"
35"
<"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb jrf~oefebkxa bz li`a/ u féz hb haz xb|jb|iz ~i|xbz hb oiz bf~|bziz
hbjoi|ik ka jrf~oe| jak bo hblb| hb ekca|fijeúk i oaz jerhihikaz+ Bkx|b oaz faxesaziobgihaz ~a| oiz ~ufbz ~i|i ka ekca|fi| i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz zal|b oi
ekja|~a|ijeúk i oaz fezfaz i rk cejmb|a hbzxiji oi jakzehb|ijeúk hb ekkbjbzi|ea+ Izæ/
|bzroxihaz hb oi cizb jrioexixesi jakce|fik yrb bzxé b}xbkhehi bkx|b oiz ~ufbz oi j|bbkjei
hb hi| ~a| mbjma yrb oi ~b|zaki yrb cijeoexi zrz hixaz hb ca|fi saorkxi|ei bzxé
izrfebkha ef~oæjexifbkxb zr ekja|~a|ijeúk i rk cejmb|a u rza ~azxb|ea|+
8+<+: Jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb zrz hixaz+
Bo hblb| hb jakzbkxefebkxa ef~oeji oi aloegijeúk hb zaoejexi| bo jakzbkxefebkxa b}~oæjexa hb
oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz & ikxbz hb oi |bjagehi hb oaz fezfaz & ~i|i
~|ajbhb| io x|ixifebkxa+ Bo jakzbkxefebkxa zb hblb bzxilobjb| fbheikxb rk fbjikezfa
joi|a jrui a~jeúk hb |bjagehi ka bzxå sioehihi ~a| hbcbjxa+
Bo i|x+ 3 hb oi OA^H u bo ji~æxroa EE zbjjeúk 9 hbo \HOA^H bzxilobjbk oi ka|fixesi ~i|i
|bjili| bo jakzbkxefebkxa hb oaz icbjxihaz ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb zrz hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio+ Bo G|éceja 98 b}~akb bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb zaoejexik hejma
jakzbkxefebkxa hb ijrb|ha i oi obu0 Hb ca|fi jamb|bkxb jak oiz bf~|bziz yrb jrf~obk
bo hblb| hb ekca|fijeúk/ ~aja féz hb oi jri|xi ~i|xb hb oiz ~ufbz hejbk zaoejexi|
jakzbkxefebkxa/ ekca|fikha i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz zal|b bo x|ixifebkxa a zb|eb hb
x|ixifebkxaz jakj|bxaz/ jak hboefexijeúk hb oi cekioehih ~i|i oaz yrb zb |bjili/ izæ jafahb oiz |bzxikxbz jakhejeakbz yrb jakjr||ik bk bo x|ixifebkxa a zb|eb hb x|ixifebkxaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 87 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 980 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb
zaoejexrh hb jakzbkxefebkxa i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz -"%
<5"
7>"
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Ihbféz/ jak |bz~bjxa i oi |bjagehi hbo jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa
hb zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ bo I|xæjroa 9: hbo \HOA^H x|ixi rki zb|eb hb aloegijeakbz uka|fixesiz |bcb|ehiz b}jorzesifbkxb i oaz hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih+ Oi fbkjeúk yrb zb
mijb i bzxb xe~a hb hixaz bz rki fb`a|i ekx|ahrjehi bk bo \HOA^H ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb
hejmaz hixaz |bz~bjxa i oi ka|fixesi ikxb|ea| io |bgoifbkxa+
Jafa |bgoi gbkb|io/ zb ~|amælb |bjili| a x|ixi| hixaz hb fbka|bz hb jixa|jb iùaz zek bo
jakzbkxefebkxa hb zrz ~ih|bz+ Ze zb x|ixi hb fiua|bz hb 98 iùaz/ ~ah|é ~|ajbhb|zb io
x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz zek kbjbzehih hbo jakzbkxefebkxa ~ixb|ka/ ~b|a zæ jak bo
jakzbkxefebkxa ~|a~ea/ ziosa bk iyrbooaz jizaz bk oaz yrb oi obu b}e`i ~i|i zr ~|bzxijeúk
oi izezxbkjei hb oaz xexroi|bz hb oi ~ix|ei ~axbzxih a xrxboi+
Bk kekgðk jiza ~ah|ék |bjili|zb hb oaz fbka|bz hixaz yrb ~b|fexik alxbkb|
ekca|fijeúk zal|b oaz hbféz febfl|az hbo g|r~a cifeoei|/ a zal|b oiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hbo
fezfa/ jafa oaz hixaz |boixesaz i oi ijxesehih ~|acbzeakio hb oaz ~|agbkexa|bz/
ekca|fijeúk bjakúfeji/ hixaz zajeaoúgejaz a jriobzyreb|i ax|az/ zek bo jakzbkxefebkxa hb
oaz xexroi|bz hb xiobz hixaz+ Ka alzxikxb/ ~ah|ék |bjili|zb oaz hixaz hb ehbkxehih u
he|bjjeúk hbo ~ih|b/ fih|b a xrxa| jak oi ðkeji cekioehih hb |bjili| oi irxa|epijeúk
~|bsezxi bk bo i~i|xiha ikxb|ea|+
Bo G|éceja 92 frbzx|i yrb rk 5" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz |bjagb hixaz hb fbka|bz hb 98iùaz hb bhih+ Bk oi cizb jrioexixesi/ iogrkiz hb bzxiz bf~|bziz fazx|i|ak/ ~a| oa
gbkb|io/ rki ja||bjxi |bjagehi hb oaz hixaz hb fbka|bz+ Bzxiz ~ufbz ice|fik zaoejexi| oi
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 8= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
irxa|epijeúk i oaz ~ih|bz/ i oi sbp yrb zb obz ekca|fi zal|b oi |bjagehi hb oaz fezfaz+
Izbgr|ik yrb zek jakzbkxefebkxa b}~|bza u hbfazx|ilob hb oaz ~ih|bz -~+b ce|fi/ ja~ei
HKE%/ oaz hixaz hb fbka|bz ka ~rbhbk zb| |bjagehaz ~a| iyrbooiz bf~|bziz yrb x|ixikjak bzxb xe~a bz~bjeio hb hixaz+
Bk jakjorzeúk/ b}ezxb rk li`a kesbo hb bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz icbjxihiz ~a| oi aloegijeúk/
ui yrb ~ajiz |bjagbk hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih/ ka alzxikxb/ oiz bf~|bziz yrb hejbk
fikb`i| bzxb xe~a hb hixaz hbfrbzx|ik ~azbb| fiua| zbkzeleoehih jak |bz~bjxa i oi
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
G|éceja 920 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bjagbk hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih -"%
5"
59"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+<+8 Jioehih hb oaz hixaz+
Oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz b}egb hbxb|feki| oi jioehih hb oaz fezfaz jak bo cek
hb joizeceji|/ |bjoizeceji| -ze crbzb kbjbzi|ea%/ a|hbki| u ig|r~i| oaz hixaz/ ui zbi bk
cejmb|az irxafixepihaz u!a ka irxafixepihaz+ Oi aloegijeúk hb hez~akb| hb hixaz
zebf~|b ijxrioepihaz zb bkjrbkx|i hbxiooihi bk bo i|x+ = hb oi OA^H u bk bo Xæxroa EE
Ji~æxroa E hbo \HOA^H+
Oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio zb|ék b}ijxaz u ~rbzxaz io hæi hb ca|fi yrb |bz~akhik
jak sb|ijehih i oi zexrijeúk ijxrio hbo icbjxiha+ Ze oaz hixaz crb|ik |bjagehaz
he|bjxifbkxb hbo icbjxiha/ zb jakzehb|i|ék b}ijxaz oaz cijeoexihaz ~a| åzxb+
Bo G|éceja 93 frbzx|i yrb rk 7>" hb oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz kahez~akb hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i xbkb| oaz hixaz ijxrioepihaz/ ke jakx|aobz b}mirzxesaz
~i|i xbkb|oaz jaf~obxaz u b}ijxaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 85 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 930 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb fikxebkbk oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz
jaf~obxaz u b}ijxaz -"%
<="
7>"
<"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+<+2 Jbzeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Zb bkxebkhb ~a| jbzeúk hb hixaz xahi |bsboijeúk hb hixaz |bioepihi i rki ~b|zaki cæzejia `r|æheji hezxekxi hbo ekxb|bziha+ Oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio al`bxa hbo x|ixifebkxa
zúoa ~ah|ék zb| jafrkejihaz i rk xb|jb|a ~i|i bo jrf~oefebkxa hb cekbz he|bjxifbkxb
|boijeakihaz jak oiz crkjeakbz obgæxefiz hbo jbhbkxb u hbo jbzeaki|ea/ u li`a bo ~|bsea
jakzbkxefebkxa hbo ekxb|bziha+ Bzxi hez~azejeúk bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 99 hb oi OA^H u
bk bo I|x+ 9> hbo \HOA^H+
Bo G|éceja 97 ac|bjb rki ~b|z~bjxesi |bz~bjxa hb oiz jbzeakbz a jafrkejijeakbz hb hixaz
yrb oaz bkjrbzxihaz ice|fik |bioepi|0 oi fiua|æi hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz -=5"% ka jbhb
hixaz ~b|zakiobz i xb|jb|az/ febkx|iz yrb rk =" zæ oa mijb+
Bk gbkb|io/ oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik |bioepi| jbzeúk hb hixaz i ax|iz bf~|bziz mik
fazx|iha/ bk oi cizb jrioexixesi/ rki xbkhbkjei i ekca|fi| i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz
hb oaz hixaz zal|b oi cekioehih hbo cejmb|a/ oi kixr|iobpi hb oaz hixaz yrb mik zeha jbhehaz
izæ jafa xifleåk bo kafl|b u oi he|bjjeúk hbo jbzeaki|ea+ Zb x|ixi hb rk jaf~a|xifebkxa
zefeoi| io ikioepiha bk bo G|éceja 92 |bcb|eha i oiz bf~|bziz yrb |bjagbk hixaz hb
fbka|bz+ ^i|bjb yrb oiz bf~|bziz yrb oobsik i jila ijxrijeakbz bz~bjeiobz -|bjagehi
hb hixaz hb fbka|bz/ jbzeúk hb hixaz i xb|jb|az% frbzx|ik rki fiua| zbkzeleoehih io
jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 2> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 970 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb jbhbk hixaz ~b|zakiobz i ax|iz
bf~|bziz -"%
="
=5"
:"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+<+3 X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz jbhehaz ~a| rk xb|jb|a+
Bz milexrio bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb yrb zb zrljakx|ixbk zb|sejeaz jak xb|jb|iz bf~|bzizxiobz jafa b}xb|kioepijeúk hb gbzxeúk hb oiz kúfekiz/ ef~|bzeúk hb x|ili`az bk
ef~|bkxiz/ ~|ajbzaz cezjiobz a jakxilobz/ zb|sejeaz hb fikxbkefebkxa ekca|féxeja/ bxj+
Jrikha oi ~ufb zrljakx|ixi rk zb|sejea jak rk xb|jb|a/ zb hblb sioa|i| ze bzxb xb|jb|a
~rbhb jakzehb|i|zb bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa -xio u jafa zb b}~oejili bk bo i~i|xiha :
io ikioepi| oaz zr`bxaz icbjxihaz ~a| oiz aloegijeakbz%+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ zb xebkb yrb
gi|ikxepi| yrb bo bkji|giha hb x|ixifebkxa |bioejb rk x|ixifebkxa ihbjriha hb oaz hixaz
hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ rxeoepikha oaz hixaz ðkejifbkxb ~i|i oi cekioehih ~i|i oi jrio miuik
zeha hbzegkihaz u zebkha ðkejifbkxb åo |bz~akzilob hb oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz yrb ~ah|æik
a|egeki|zb bk jiza hb hbzxeki| oaz hixaz i ax|i cekioehih hezxekxi i oi ekejeiofbkxb
bzxilobjehi+
^a| ax|i ~i|xb/ ~i|i bo ja||bjxa x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz jbhehaz ~a| rk xb|jb|a/ bz
kbjbzi|ea ekca|fi| i oi ~b|zaki cæzeji ijb|ji hb húkhb zb alxrseb|ak oaz fezfaz+ ^a|
b`bf~oa/ bk bo jiza hb yrb zb |bja`ik hixaz hb lizbz hb hixaz ~ðloejiz -|bgezx|a
fb|jikxeo/ ~égekiz loikjiz/ ~égekiz ifi|eooiz/ bxj+%+ Oaz i|xæjroaz 3/ 99/ 9</ u <> hb oi
OA^H bkx|b ax|az u oaz i|xæjroaz 9>/ <>/ <9/ 8</ 82/ 83 u 87 hbo \HOA^H bkx|b ax|az/
bzxilobjbk oi ka|fixesi bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi io fikb`a hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~a|
rk xb|jb|a/ u hb fikb|i bz~bjæceji bk bo i|xæjroa <> u <9 hbo \HOA^H bk oa jakjb|kebkxb
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 29 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
i oiz |boijeakbz bkx|b bo bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa u bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a/ -hb yrebk
zb miloi|é bk bo ji~æxroa 8+<+99% ze bz yrb oa mrleb|i+
Bzxi ijjeúk hb x|ixifebkxa ~a| jrbkxi hb xb|jb|az xebkb yrb bzxi| |bgroihi ~a| rk
jakx|ixa hakhb hblb|é jakzxi| ~a| bzj|exa oi ij|bhexijeúk hb zr jbobl|ijeúk u jakxbkeha/
bzxilobjeåkhazb b}~|bzifbkxb yrb bo bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa x|ixi|é oaz hixaz
jakca|fb i oiz ekzx|rjjeakbz hbo |bz~akzilob hbo x|ixifebkxa/ yrb ka oaz i~oeji|é a
rxeoepi|é jak cek hezxekxa io yrb cegr|b bk hejma jakx|ixa/ ke oaz jafrkeji|é/ ke zeyreb|i ~i|i
zr jakzb|sijeúk/ i ax|iz ~b|zakiz+
Bo G|éceja 9= frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb |bjilik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
~a| fbhea hb xb|jb|az0 rk 7>" hb bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka |bjili| hixaz ~a| fbhea hb
xb|jb|az+ ^a| bo jakx|i|ea bkx|b bo <:" yrb zæ |bjagb hixaz ~b|zakiobz ~a| fbhea hbxb|jb|az/ zb hezxekgrb rk 9>" yrb ka ekca|fi io xexroi| u rk 9:" yrb zæ ekca|fi io xexroi|
hb bzxi ijjeúk+
G|éceja 9=0 ^ufbz yrb |bjilik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~a| fbhea hb xb|jb|az u |bioepik
zr ~azxb|ea| hbjoi|ijeúk hb alxbkjeúk io xexroi| -"%
7>"
9>"
9:"
7"
<:"
Ka Zæ -zek ekca|fijeúk% Zæ -jak ekca|fijeúk% KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Jakxekrikha bk bzxi oækbi/ zb mi ehbkxecejiha bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik iùiheha
bk zrz jakx|ixaz hb zb|sejeaz jak xb|jb|az joérzroiz yrb fikecebzxbk oi ~|esijehih u
jakcehbkjeioehih hb oaz hixaz+
Bo G|éceja 95 frbzx|i yrb rk :<" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz ekjorubk joérzroiz hbjakcehbkjeioehih u ~|esijehih hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk zrz jakx|ixaz hb
zb|sejeaz/ febkx|iz yrb rk 27" ka ekja|~a|i bzxb xe~a hb joérzroiz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 2< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 950 ^ufbz yrb ekjorubk bk zrz jakx|ixaz bzj|exaz bo ji|éjxb| jakcehbkjeio u ~|esiha
hb oaz hixaz -"%
:<"
27"
99"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bo G|éceja <> frbzx|i yrb rk 5=" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka ijjbhb| i cejmb|az jak
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb ax|iz bf~|bziz ~i|i |bioepi| ~a| jrbkxi hb åzxiz oi~|bzxijeúk hb zb|sejeaz/ febkx|iz yrb rk 9" jakzroxiha zæ ijjbhb i cejmb|az hb ax|iz
bf~|bziz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 2: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja <>0 ^ufbz yrb ijjbhbk i cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb ax|iz bf~|bziz ~i|i oi
~|bzxijeúk hb zb|sejeaz -"%
9"
5="
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+<+7 Hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+
Rka hb oaz ~rkxaz joisb hb oi OA^H sebkb jakzxexreha ~a| oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/|bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk -jakajehaz jafa hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+%/ |bjakajehaz
i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz+ Jafa jakx|i~i|xehi hb bzxaz hb|bjmaz/ yrb zb b}~oeji|ék i
jakxekrijeúk/ oi obu jakxbf~oi oi aloegijeúk hbo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa hb
ixbkhb| u cijeoexi| bo b`b|jejea hb bzxaz hb|bjmaz i oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz+ Oi ca|fi hb
b}~azejeúk hb oaz hb|bjmaz jakxbf~oi bzxi halob sb|xebkxb4 hb rk oiha zb b}~akbk oaz
hb|bjmaz yrb oi obu jakjbhb i oaz jerhihikaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ u hb ax|a/
oiz aloegijeakbz yrb oaz |bz~akzilobz hbo cejmb|a -oiz ~ufbz/ i oaz bcbjxaz hbo bzxrhea%
hblbk jrf~oe|+
Ijjbza
Hb|bjma hbo xexroi| hb oaz hixaz0 bk se|xrh hbo hb|bjma hb ijjbza/ |bgroiha bk bo i|x+ 92 hb
oi OA^H/ bo jerhihika ~rbhb zaoejexi| u alxbkb| g|ixrexifbkxb ekca|fijeúk zal|b zrz
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio zafbxehaz i x|ixifebkxa/ izæ jafa bo a|egbk hb hejmaz hixaz u
oiz jafrkejijeakbz |bioepihiz a yrb zb ~|bsbik |bioepi|+
Aloegijeúk ~i|i oi ~ufb0 ~a| zr ~i|xb/ bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa xebkb yrb
|bzaosb| oi zaoejexrh hb ijjbza bk bo ~oipa fé}efa hb rk fbz i jakxi| hbzhb oi cbjmi bk
yrb miui |bjeleha oi zaoejexrh+ Bk jiza hb bzxefi| oi zaoejexrh/ bo ijjbza hblb mijb|zbbcbjxesa bk bo ~oipa hb oaz hebp hæiz zegrebkxbz i oi kaxecejijeúk+ Oi aloegijeúk hb
jakxbzxi| i oi zaoejexrh mi hb ~|ahrje|zb jak ekhb~bkhbkjei hb yrb cegr|bk a ka hixaz
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 28 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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~b|zakiobz hbo jerhihika bk zrz cejmb|az+ Oi jakxbzxijeúk io hb|bjma hb ijjbza mi hb
~|ijxeji|zb rxeoepikha jrioyreb| fbhea yrb ~b|fexi ij|bhexi| bo bksæa u oi |bjb~jeúk hb oi
fezfi+
\bjxecejijeúk
Hb|bjma hbo xexroi| hb oaz hixaz0 bo i|x+ 93 hb oi OA^H |bjakajb io jerhihika bo hb|bjma i
he|ege|zb io |bz~akzilob hb rk cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa ~i|i yrb |bjxeceyrb zrz hixaz
~b|zakiobz/ bk bo jiza hb yrb åzxaz zbik ekb}ijxaz a ekjaf~obxaz+ Oi zaoejexrh hb
|bjxecejijeúk hblb ekheji| bo hixa yrb zb bzxefi b||úkba u oi ja||bjjeúk yrb hblb
|bioepi|zb u hblb e| ijaf~iùihi hb oi hajrfbkxijeúk `rzxecejixesi hb oi |bjxecejijeúk
zaoejexihi+
Aloegijeúk ~i|i oi ~ufb0 Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa xebkb bo hblb| hb
ixbkhb| bo hb|bjma hb |bjxecejijeúk bk bo ~oipa hb hebp hæiz kixr|iobz+ Hblb|é jakxbzxi|
hb ca|fi faxesihi i oi zaoejexrh yrb zb ob he|e`i/ hblebkha rxeoepi| jrioyreb| fbhea yrb
~b|fexi ij|bhexi| bo bksæa u oi |bjb~jeúk hb zr |bz~rbzxi+ Izefezfa/ ze oaz hixaz
|bjxecejihaz mrleb|ik zeha jbhehaz ~|bseifbkxb i rk xb|jb|a/ bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a
xebkb oi aloegijeúk hb kaxeceji| io jbzeaki|ea oi |bjxecejijeúk ~|ijxejihi+
Jikjboijeúk
Hb|bjma hbo xexroi| hb oaz hixaz0 bzxb hb|bjma/ |bgroiha bk bo i|x+ 93 hb oi OA^H/ ac|bjb
io jerhihika oi ~azeleoehih hb he|ege|zb io |bz~akzilob ~i|i zaoejexi| oi jikjboijeúk hb zrz
hixaz ~b|zakiobz+
Aloegijeúk ~i|i oi ~ufb0 Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa xebkb oi aloegijeúk hb
mijb| bcbjxesa bo hb|bjma hb jikjboijeúk bk bo ~oipa hb hebp hæiz kixr|iobz+ Hblb|é
jakxbzxi| hb ca|fi faxesihi i oi zaoejexrh yrb zb ob he|e`i/ hblebkha rxeoepi| jrioyreb|
fbhea yrb ~b|fexi ij|bhexi| bo bksæa u oi |bjb~jeúk hb zr |bz~rbzxi+ Egriofbkxb/ ze oaz
hixaz jikjboihaz mrleb|ik zeha jbhehaz ~|bseifbkxb i rk xb|jb|a/ bo |bz~akzilob hbo
cejmb|a hblb|é kaxeceji| io jbzeaki|ea oi jikjboijeúk bcbjxrihi+
A~azejeúk
Hb|bjma hbo xexroi| hb oaz hixaz0 bo jerhihika ~rbhb a~akb|zb/ fbheikxb zr zef~ob
zaoejexrh/ i yrb zrz hixaz zbik x|ixihaz jak cekbz hb ~rloejehih u hb ~|az~bjjeúk
jafb|jeio+ Bzxb hb|bjma hb a~azejeúk zb bkjrbkx|i |bgroiha bk oaz i|xz+ 3+8/ 97 u :>+8 hb
oi OA^H+ Zb b`b|jexi fbheikxb rki zaoejexrh ~a| bzj|exa he|egehi io |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a
a x|ixifebkxa/ bk oi yrb zb migik jakzxi| oaz faxesaz crkhihaz u obgæxefaz |boixesaz i
rki jakj|bxi zexrijeúk ~b|zakio hbo icbjxiha/ yrb `rzxecejik bo b`b|jejea hb bzxb hb|bjma+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 22 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Aloegijeúk ~i|i oi ~ufb0 Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa xebkb rk ~oipa fé}efa
hb rk fbz i jakxi| hbzhb oi |bjb~jeúk hb oi ~bxejeúk/ ~i|i |bzaosb| oi zaoejexrh hb
a~azejeúk+ Ze x|ikzjr||eha bzxb ~oipa ka zb mi |bjeleha hb ca|fi b}~|bzi rki |bz~rbzxi ioi ~bxejeúk hb ijjbza/ åzxi ~rbhb bkxbkhb|zb hbzbzxefihi i oaz bcbjxaz hb ~|bzbkxi| rki
|bjoifijeúk hb xrxboi hb hb|bjmaz ikxb oi IB^H+ Bk bo jiza hb yrb zbi ~|ajbhbkxb
ijjbhb| i oi a~azejeúk/ bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a mi hb b}jore| hbo x|ixifebkxa oaz hixaz
hbo jerhihika zaoejexikxb+ Bk |boijeúk i oaz x|ixifebkxaz hb hixaz jak cekbz hb ~rloejehih
u hb ~|az~bjjeúk jafb|jeio/ oaz jerhihikaz ~rbhbk b`b|jb| bo hb|bjma hb a~azejeúk u/ i
zr zef~ob zaoejexrh/ bo |bz~akzilob mi hb hi| hb li`i zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk bo
x|ixifebkxa/ jikjboikha hb bzxb faha oiz ekca|fijeakbz yrb cegr|ilik bk bo fezfa+
Bk |bzrfbk/ b}ezxb oi aloegijeúk ~i|i oiz ~ufbz hb bzxilobjb| iogðk fbjikezfa g|ixrexa
fbheikxb bo jrio oaz icbjxihaz ~rbhik b`b|jexi| oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk/
jikjboijeúk u a~azejeúk+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ zb hblb cijeoexi| io ekxb|bziha rk fbhea zbkjeooa
u g|ixrexa ~i|i fikecbzxi| zr kbgixesi io x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz+ Bk ~i|xejroi| zb
hbzxijik oaz zegrebkxbz fbheaz0
• Bksæa ~|bc|ikyrbiha io |bz~akzilob hbo x|ixifebkxa+
• Ooifihi i rk kðfb|a xbobcúkeja g|ixrexa+
• Zb|sejeaz hb ixbkjeúk io ~ðloeja yrb zb miuik bzxilobjeha+
Bo G|éceja <9 frbzx|i yrb zúoa rk <>" hb oiz bf~|bziz mik bzxilobjeha ~|ajbhefebkxaz
~i|i gi|ikxepi| bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+ ~a| oaz ~i|xejroi|bz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 23 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja <90 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb
bzxilobjefebkxa hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i yrb oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz
~rbhik b`b|jb| oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+ -"%
<>"
75"
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Oaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz fbkjeakihaz ~a| bo <>" yrb hbjoi|i milb|oaz bzxilobjeha zak oazzegrebkxbz -kúxbzb yrb bk bzxb jiza oi lizb bz fru ~byrbùi/ zúoa :5 bf~|bziz/ ~a| oa
yrb oaz hixaz yrb zb frbzx|ik i jakxekrijeúk mik hb zb| xafihaz jak jirxboi%0
• B&fieo0 <="+
• Ja||ba a|heki|ea0 <:"+
• ^égeki wbl0 bk rk 2"+
•
Ax|az0 88"/ ekjorubkha bk iogðk jiza ~|ajbhefebkxaz sb|liobz ka séoehaz/ oa yrb~ah|æi zr~akb| rk ekhejea hb yrb bo kesbo |bio hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi aloegijeúk hb
hez~akb| hb rk ~|ajbhefebkxa yrb ~b|fexi i oaz ekxb|bzihaz b`b|jexi| oaz hb|bjmaz
I+\+J+A+ bz ekcb|ea| io <>"+
Bk oi cizb hb eksbzxegijeúk jrioexixesi zb ~|acrkhepú bk oaz jizaz hb ~ufbz jak
~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i gi|ikxepi| bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+ i oaz jerhihikaz u
zb hbxbjxú yrb/ bk gbkb|io/ bzxaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz ka zrbobk bzxi| hbcekehaz
hajrfbkxiofbkxb/ u zb zrbobk gbzxeaki| jak rk ef~a|xikxb fi|gbk hb ef~|asezijeúk+
Bo |bhrjeha kesbo hb ihi~xijeúk i bzxb ~rkxa frbzx|i/ rki sbp féz/ rk oefexihajrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bkx|b oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi+ Bk bo
jiza ~i|xejroi| hb oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+/ ihbféz/ ~rbhb jakzxexre| faxesa hb hbkrkjei+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 27 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 2= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
Izæ/ bo jerhihika io yrb ob miui zeha hbkbgiha bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza/
|bjxecejijeúk/ jikjboijeúk r a~azejeúk/ ~rbhb ~akb|oa bk jakajefebkxa hb oi IB^H ~i|i
yrb åzxi sb|eceyrb oi ~|ajbhbkjei a ef~|ajbhbkjei hb oi hbkbgijeúk/ ~rhebkha hi| orgi|oaz mbjmaz jakzxixihaz i oi ekejeijeúk hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz zikjeakiha|bz+
Jaf~i|ikha oi |bioehih hb oi bf~|bzi jak oi hb oi zajebhih bk gbkb|io/ bz |bobsikxb
i~rkxi| oaz hixaz hbo JEZ ja||bz~akhebkxbz io Li|úfbx|a hb cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ hakhb zb
frbzx|i zúoa rk <</9" hb oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi mi zaoejexiha bk iogrki ajizeúk yrb
la||bk a jikjbobk zrz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb iogðk |bgezx|a -fbheikxb bo xboåcaka/ Ekxb|kbx a
ja||ba%+ Bo 73/9" krkji oa mi zaoejexiha+ Ihbféz/ bo 2</7" hb oaz yrb mik jikjboiha
iogrki sbp zrz hixaz oa bkjakx|i|ak hecæjeo a fru hecæjeo7+
Zbgðk bo Br|ali|úfbx|a= jize oi fexih hb oaz bkx|bsezxihaz |bz~akzilobz hb oi ~|axbjjeúkhb hixaz bk zr bf~|bzi -83"% ekheji|ak yrb zr jaf~iùæi milæi |bjeleha zaoejexrhbz hb
ijjbza i oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hr|ikxb bo ðoxefa iùa+ Ioga fbkaz hb jrix|a hb jihi 9>
bkjrbzxihaz -:7"% ekca|fi|ak hb yrb zr bf~|bzi ka |bjeleú kekgrki zaoejexrh hb ijjbza
bk bo fezfa ~b|æaha+ \bz~bjxa i oaz yrb |bjeleb|ak zaoejexrhbz -rk xaxio hbo 83"%0 bo <="
hbjoi|ú milb| |bjeleha fbkaz hb hebp u rk 9<" bkx|b hebp u jekjrbkxi zaoejexrhbz+ Zúoa bo
3" hb oaz bkx|bsezxihaz |bz~akheú yrb zr bf~|bzi milæi |bjeleha féz hb 2> zaoejexrhbz
hr|ikxb bo ðoxefa iùa+
Oi fezfi crbkxb ac|bjb oaz hixaz ~i|i Bz~iùi/ yrb frbzx|i rk 88" hb bf~|bziz yrbkrkji mik |bjeleha rki zaoejexrh hb ijjbza/ rk <8" hb bf~|bziz yrb mik |bjeleha
fbkaz hb 9> zaoejexrhbz/ rk 9:" bkx|b 9> u 2> u zúoa rk 3" yrb mi |bjeleha féz hb 2>
zaoejexrhbz+
Bzxaz hixaz/ ze lebk |bcob`ik rki |bioehih ka ehåkxeji i oi fazx|ihi bk bzxb bzxrhea -oi
frbzx|i hbo Br|ali|úfbx|a |bðkb i bf~|bziz hb féz hb <> bf~obihaz/ febkx|iz yrb
iyræ zb ikioepik bf~|bziz hb mizxi 2>/ jak rk ~bza ef~a|xikxb hb oiz bf~|bziz zek
izioi|eihaz u bkx|b 9 u 5 bf~obihaz%/ frbzx|ik rki xahisæi |boixesi ~bkbx|ijeúk hb oi
~|éjxeji hb ijjbhb| i oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz ~a| ~i|xb hb oi ~aloijeúk br|a~bi+ Bk lrbkioúgeji/ jilb bz~b|i| yrb oi j|bjebkxb zaoejexrh hb ijjbza ~a| ~i|xb hb oi ~aloijeúk
bf~r`i|é i oiz bf~|bziz i bzxilobjb| ~|ajbhefebkxaz bk bzxb zbkxeha+
7 JEZ/ Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa kijeakio jak rki frbzx|i hb <+87> zr`bxaz-~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi hb iflaz zb}az hb 9= iùaz u féz%
= Br|ali|afbxb| Jafezeúk Br|a~bi ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak+ Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z―~b|jb~jeakbz -Cbl|ri|u <>>=%+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa br|a~ba |bioepihi i 8+=:2 jakx|aoiha|bz hb hixaz hb bf~|bzizzbobjjeakihiz bk lizb i haz j|exb|eaz0 ~iæz u kðfb|a hb bf~obihaz hb oi bf~|bzi -<>&85/ 2>&<85/ <2>$%+
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
8+<+= Gbzxeúk hbo x|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk x|ikzcb|bkjeiz
ekxb|kijeakiobz+
Bk oiz x|ikzcb|bkjeiz ekxb|kijeakiobz hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio zb hblb gi|ikxepi|rki ~|axbjjeúk byre~i|ilob i oi yrb b}ezxb bk xb||exa|ea bz~iùao+ Oaz xæxroaz S hb oi OA^H
u SE hbo \HOA^H bzxilobjbk oi ka|fixesi ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa bk bzxaz jizaz+ Oi
aloegijeúk hb oi ~ufb yrb x|ixb jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk x|ikzcb|bkjeiz ekxb|kijeakiobz
bz x|izoihi| i oi bf~|bzi hbo ~iæz hb hbzxeka oi kbjbzehih hb ~|a~a|jeaki| rk kesbo hb
~|axbjjeúk byre~i|ilob io yrb ~|bzxi oi OA^H+
Ze oi jafrkejijeúk hb hixaz bz i oi Rkeúk Br|a~bi a i rk ~iæz jakzehb|iha jak rk kesbo
ihbjriha hb ~|axbjjeúk oi bf~|bzi hblb|é0
• Kaxeceji|oa i oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+
• Ekca|fi| io icbjxiha hbo hbzxekixi|ea hb zrz hixaz u hb oi cekioehih ~i|i oi jrio zb
bzxék jbhebkha oaz fezfaz+ Egriofbkxb/ hblb|é alxbkb| zr jakzbkxefebkxa ~i|i
|bioepi| oi x|ikzcb|bkjei+
Ze oi jafrkejijeúk hb hixaz bz i rk ~iæz jakzehb|iha jak rk kesbo ka ihbjriha hb
~|axbjjeúk hblb|é/ ihbféz/ zaoejexi| oi irxa|epijeúk hbo He|bjxa| hb oi Igbkjei hb
^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz+
Bo G|éceja << frbzx|i yrb rk 57" hb bkjrbzxihaz ka |bioepi x|ikzcb|bkjeiz
ekxb|kijeakiobz hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Oiz ~ufbz xebkbk fbka| ijxesehih
ekxb|kijeakio yrb oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz/ u ~a| xikxa bo hixa bz i ~|ea|e jamb|bkxb+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 25 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 3> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
G|éceja <<0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bioepik x|ikzcb|bkjeiz ekxb|kijeakiobz
hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
:"
57"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Jaf~i|ikha bo hixa jak oi |bioehih br|a~bi/ bo Br|ali|úfbx|a 5 frbzx|i yrb bo 9>" hb
oiz bf~|bziz br|a~biz |bioepik x|ikzcb|bkjeiz hb hixaz ~b|zakiobz i ~iæzbz b}xb|kaz ioi Rkeúk Br|a~bi/ c|bkxb io =5" yrb ka oa mijbk+ Oi |bioehih bz~iùaoi/ bk lizb i oi
fezfi crbkxb/ |bcob`i rk 7" hb bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik |bioepi| x|ikzcb|bkjeiz
ekxb|kijeakiobz u rk 5:" yrb hbjoi|ik ka mijb|oa+ Bzxaz hixaz zb mik b}x|iæha zal|b rki
frbzx|i hb bf~|bziz hb féz hb <> bf~obihaz4 ~i|bjb oúgeja ~bkzi| yrb oi hecb|bkjei
hb xifiùa ekcorub bk bo jaf~a|xifebkxa ekxb|kijeakio hb oiz bf~|bziz/ u ~a| xikxa
`rzxeceji oaz 8 ~rkxaz ~a|jbkxriobz hb hecb|bkjei bkx|b oaz hixaz hbo ~|bzbkxb ekca|fb u oaz
ac|bjehaz ~a| oi Jafezeúk Br|a~bi bk bo Br|ali|úfbx|a+
8+<+5 X|ixifebkxa hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio jak cekbz hb ~rloejehih u
~|az~bjjeúk jafb|jeio+
Fb|bjb bz~bjeio ixbkjeúk bo x|ixifebkxa hb oi ~rloejehih u ~|az~bjjeúk jafb|jeio hbkx|a
hb oi obu/ hiha yrb mezxú|ejifbkxb mik b}ezxeha bk Bz~iùi jizaz hb zikjeúk ~a| bzxb
faxesa+
Oiz zikjeakbz fbkjeakihiz mik xbkeha zr a|egbk bk ijjeakbz ~|afajeakiobz |bioepihiz
~a| oiz bf~|bziz/ i x|isåz hb fbheaz x|ihejeakiobz -bksæa ~a| ja||ba/ ooifihiz hb
xboåcaka% a bobjx|úkejaz -b&fieo%/ zek |bjili| bo jakzbkxefebkxa ~|bsea io ekxb|bziha ~i|i
5 Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak ‚ Hixi jakx|aoob|z― ~b|jb~xeak -Br|a~bik Jaffezzeak ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak%+Br|ali|afbxb| Cbl|b|a <>>=+ Frbzx|i0 bf~|bziz br|a~biz hb $<> bf~obihaz+
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
yrb zrz hixaz ca|fbk ~i|xb hb bzxb ~|ajbza/ u zek ekca|fi|obz hb oi ~azeleoehih hb yrb
åzxb ~rbhi b`b|jb| zrz hb|bjmaz+
Oi OA^H aloegi io bzxilobjefebkxa hb fbjikezfaz ~i|i b`b|jb| oaz hb|bjmaz hb ijjbza u
a~azejeúk hb oaz ekxb|bzihaz u zr jakzbkxefebkxa ~i|i x|ixi| zrz hixaz+ Hejma x|ixifebkxa
u zr jrf~oefebkxa zb bkjrbkx|ik bk bo I|x+:> hb oi OA^H+
+Bo G|éceja <: frbzx|i yrb rk 98" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb |bioepi| bksæaz
~|afajeakiobz ~a| iogðk fbhea rxeoepikha oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb oaz yrb hez~akb/
febkx|iz yrb rk =2" hejb ka mijb|oa+
G|éceja <:0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bioepik bksæaz ~|afajeakiobz
rxeoepikha hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
98"
=2"
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+<+9> Hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehihBo hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih |bjagb oiz fbhehiz xåjkejiz u a|gikepixesiz hb aloegiha
jrf~oefebkxa ~i|i bo ~b|zakio jak ijjbza i oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk -bz hbje|/
bobjx|úkejaz u ~i~bo%+
Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a hblb|é boila|i| b ef~oikxi| oi ka|fixesi hb zbgr|ehih
fbheikxb rk hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih hb aloegiha jrf~oefebkxa ~i|i bo ~b|zakio+ Bo
hajrfbkxa hblb|é jakxbkb|/ ixbkhebkha i oi kixr|iobpi hb oaz hixaz/ oiz fbhehiz hb
ækhaob xåjkeji u a|gikepixesi kbjbzi|ei yrb gi|ikxejbk oi zbgr|ehih hb oaz hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio u bsexbk zr ioxb|ijeúk/ ~å|hehi/ x|ixifebkxa a ijjbza ka irxa|epiha/ xio ujafa zb bzxilobjb bk bo xæxroa SEE+ Ji~æxroa EE/ I|x+ == hbo \HOA^H+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 39 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bo hajrfbkxa hblb|é jakxbkb|/ jafa fækefa/ oaz zegrebkxbz iz~bjxaz0
9% Éflexa hb i~oejijeúk hbo hajrfbkxa jak bz~bjecejijeúk hbxiooihi hb oaz|bjr|zaz ~|axbgehaz+
<% Fbhehiz/ ka|fiz/ ~|ajbhefebkxaz hb ijxrijeúk/ |bgoiz u bzxékhi|bz
bkjifekihaz i gi|ikxepi| bo kesbo hb zbgr|ehih b}egeha bk bo |bgoifbkxa+
:% Crkjeakbz u aloegijeakbz hbo ~b|zakio bk |boijeúk jak bo x|ixifebkxa hb oaz
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ekjorehaz bk oaz cejmb|az+
8% Bzx|rjxr|i hb oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio u hbzj|e~jeúk hb oaz
zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk yrb oaz x|ixik+
2% ^|ajbhefebkxa hb kaxecejijeúk/ gbzxeúk u |bz~rbzxi ikxb oiz ekjehbkjeiz+
3% Oaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz hb |bioepijeúk hb ja~eiz hb |bz~ioha u hb |bjr~b|ijeúk hb
oaz hixaz bk oaz cejmb|az a x|ixifebkxaz irxafixepihaz+
7% Oiz fbhehiz yrb zbi kbjbzi|ea iha~xi| ~i|i bo x|ikz~a|xb hb za~a|xbz u
hajrfbkxaz/ izæ jafa ~i|i oi hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz hajrfbkxaz u za~a|xbz/ a bk
zr jiza/ oi |brxeoepijeúk hb bzxaz ðoxefaz+
Bo G|éceja <8 ac|bjb oi sezeúk |bz~bjxa hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih bkx|b
oiz ~ufbz0 zúoa rk 99" hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik milb| |bgezx|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb
oi IB^H ka jrbkxi jak hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih+ Rk ioxa ~a|jbkxi`b/ bo =<"/ ice|fi xbkb|
rk hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih+ ^i|bjb/ i ~|efb|i sezxi/ rk |bzroxiha ~azexesa4 zek bfli|ga
bz kbjbzi|ea ~rkxrioepi| yrb oaz |bzroxihaz zb |bceb|bk zúoa i oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik
milb| |bgezx|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi Igbkjei/ u ka io xaxio hb ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz+ Bz oúgeja
~bkzi| yrb oiz bf~|bziz zrcejebkxbfbkxb zbkzeleoepihiz jafa ~i|i |bgezx|i| zrz cejmb|az
ikxb oi IB^H xifleåk oa bzxåk ~i|i boila|i| rk hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih -ka zb hblb
aosehi| yrb iflaz ~|bjb~xaz/ ekzj|e~jeúk u boila|ijeúk hbo hajrfbkxa/ zak aloegixa|eaz%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 3< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 63/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja <80 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb xebkbk rk hajrfbkxa hb
zbgr|ehih -"%
=<"
99"
7"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+<+99 Fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih
Bk oaz zegrebkxbz i~i|xihaz zb hbxiooi bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oiz ~ufbz |bz~bjxa ioiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~|bsezxiz bk bo |bgoifbkxa+ Jak bo al`bxesa hb cijeoexi| oi
jaf~|bkzeúk zb ekjorub rk jrih|a |bzrfbk yrb frbzx|i oiz fbhehiz i ef~oikxi| bk
crkjeúk hbo kesbo hbjoi|iha -lézeja/ fbhea a ioxa%/ u i oi xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az -za~a|xb
bobjx|úkeja a ~i~bo%+
Bz ef~a|xikxb ijoi|i| oiz hbcekejeakbz zegrebkxbz0
• Hixaz hb kesbo lézeja0 kafl|b/ i~booehaz/ he|bjjeúk/ xboåcaka/ b&fieo/ u jrioyreb|
ax|a hixa yrb ka zbi hb kesbo fbhea a ioxa+
• Hixaz hb kesbo fbhea0 jafezeúk hb ekc|ijjeakbz ~bkiobz/ jafezeúk hb ekc|ijjeakbz
ihfekezx|ixesiz/ ekca|fijeúk hb Mijebkhi ^ðloeji/ ekca|fijeúk hb zb|sejeaz
cekikjeb|az/ hixaz hb Zbgr|ehih Zajeio/ hixaz hb frxriz/ boila|ijeúk hb ~b|ceobz
-jr||ejroi%/ hixaz hb x|éceja u oajioepijeúk -xbobjafrkejijeakbz%+
• Hixaz hb kesbo ioxa0 ehbaoagæi/ |boegeúk/ j|bbkjeiz/ a|egbk |ijeio/ ziorh/ sehi zb}rio/
iceoeijeakbz zekhejiobz/ seaobkjei hb gåkb|a+
^i|i jihi rki hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ikioepihiz bk oaz i~i|xihaz zrjbzesaz zb|bioepi rki l|bsb hbzj|e~jeúk hb oiz ef~oejijeakbz hb oi fbhehi ~i|i oi bf~|bzi u rk
ikéoezez bzxihæzxeja hbo kesbo bcbjxesa hb ef~obfbkxijeúk bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz/ bk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 3: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 64/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
lizb i |bzroxihaz hb oi eksbzxegijeúk jrikxexixesi+ Kúxbzb/ bk bzxb ~rkxa/ yrb oiz
bzxihæzxejiz bzxék jakzx|rehiz zal|b oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik kaxecejiha zrz cejmb|az i oi
IB^H+ Bk oaz jizaz bk yrb oiz fbhehiz i~oejik b}jorzesifbkxb i cejmb|az hb kesbo fbheaa ioxa oiz bzxihæzxejiz zb mik boila|iha i ~i|xe| hb oiz ~ufbz yrb mik kaxecejiha bzxb xe~a
hb cejmb|az/ oa yrb mijb yrb bk ajizeakbz oiz lizbz jakzehb|ihiz zbik |bhrjehiz/ u ~a|
xikxa oiz ekxb|~|bxijeakbz u jakjorzeakbz hblbk zb| |bioepihaz jak ~|bjirjeúk+
Xiloi 80 Fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih aloegixa|eiz i ef~oikxi| bk oaz hecb|bkxbz kesbobz hb cejmb|az
Kesbo lézejaKesbo fbhea
Kesbo ioxa
\bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih& Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a
xebkb yrb hbzegki| i rka asi|eaz |bz~akzilobz hbzbgr|ehih -ka bz rkihbobgijeúk hb|bz~akzileoehih%+
& Bo |bz~akzilob hbzbgr|ehih bz bo bkji|gihahb jaa|heki| u jakx|aoi| oizfbhehiz hbo hajrfbkxa
^b|zakio& Crkjeakbz u aloegijeakbz
hb oaz hecb|bkxbz rzri|eaz ahb oaz ~b|ceobz hb rzri|eazjoi|ifbkxb hbcekehiz uhajrfbkxihiz+
& Hbcekejeúk hb oiz crkjeakbzhb jakx|ao u oizirxa|epijeakbz hbobgihiz~a| bo |bz~akzilob
& Hecrzeúk bkx|b bo ~b|zakio/hb oiz ka|fiz yrb obzicbjxbk u hb oizjakzbjrbkjeiz ~a|ekjrf~oefebkxa+
Ekjehbkjeiz& \bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz0
xe~a/ fafbkxa hb zrhbxbjjeúk/ ~b|zaki yrb oikaxeceji/ bcbjxaz u fbhehizja||bjxa|iz
& ^|ajbhefebkxa hbkaxecejijeúk u gbzxeúk hb oizekjehbkjeiz
Zúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz& Ikaxi| oaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz
hb |bjr~b|ijeúk/ ~b|zakiyrb oa b`bjrxi/ hixaz|bzxir|ihaz/ u bk zr jiza/hixaz g|ilihazfikriofbkxb+
& Irxa|epijeúk hbo|bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a
~i|i oi |bjr~b|ijeúk hbhixaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 38 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 65/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Kesbo lézejaKesbo fbhea
Kesbo ioxaJakx|ao hb ijjbza& \boijeúk ijxrioepihi hb
rzri|eaz u ijjbzazirxa|epihaz+
& Jakx|ao hb ijjbzaz~b|fexehaz i jihi rzri|eazbgðk oiz crkjeakbzizegkihiz+
& Fbjikezfaz yrb bsexbk boijjbza i hixaz a |bjr|zaz
jak hb|bjmaz hezxekxaz hboaz irxa|epihaz+& Jakjbzeúk hb ~b|fezaz hb
ijjbza zúoa ~a| ~b|zakioirxa|epiha+
& Fezfiz jakhejeakbz ~i|i~b|zakio i`bka jak ijjbzai oaz |bjr|zaz hb hixaz+
Zúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz& Jakx|ao hb ijjbza cæzeja i
oaz oajiobz hakhb zbbkjrbkx|bk rlejihaz oazzezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk+
Zúoa cejmb|az irxafixepihaz& \bgezx|a hb ijjbzaz0
rzri|ea/ ma|i/ cejmb|a/ xe~ahb ijjbza/ irxa|epiha ahbkbgiha+
& \bsezeúk fbkzrio hbo|bgezx|a ~a| bo |bz~akzilobhb zbgr|ehih
& Jakzb|sijeúk < iùaz+
& Ka bz kbjbzi|ea bzxb|bgezx|a ze bo |bz~akzilobhbo cejmb|a bz rki ~b|zakicæzeji u bz bo ðkeja rzri|ea
Zúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz& Jakx|ao hb ijjbzaz
irxa|epihaz& Ehbkxecejijeúk ijjbzaz ~i|i
hajrfbkxaz ijjbzelobz ~a|fðoxe~obz rzri|eaz
Ehbkxecejijeúk u irxbkxejijeúkZúoa cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz & Ehbkxecejijeúk uirxbkxejijeúk ~b|zakioepihi
& ^|ajbhefebkxa hbizegkijeúk u hezx|elrjeúk hbjakx|izbùiz
& Iofijbkifebkxaekekxboegelob hb oizjakx|izbùiz
& ^b|eahejehih hbo jiflea hbjakx|izbùiz -;9 iùa%
Zúoa cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz & Oefexb hb ekxbkxaz|bexb|ihaz hb ijjbza kairxa|epiha
Gbzxeúk hb za~a|xbz& Eksbkxi|ea hb za~a|xbz
& Ehbkxecejijeúk hbo xe~a hbekca|fijeúk yrb jakxebkbk/a zezxbfi hb bxeyrbxiha
& Ijjbza |bzx|ekgeha io orgi|hb iofijbkifebkxa
& Irxa|epijeúk hb oiz zioehizhb za~a|xbz -ekjorehiz ix|isåz hb b&fieo%
& Fbhehiz ~i|i bo x|ikz~a|xbu bo hbzbjma hb za~a|xbz
Zúoa cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz & \bgezx|a hb bkx|ihi u zioehi
hb za~a|xbz0 hajrfbkxa aza~a|xb/ cbjmi/bfeza|!hbzxekixi|ea/kðfb|a/ xe~a hbekca|fijeúk/ ca|fi hbbksæa/ |bz~akzilobirxa|epihi ~i|i|bjb~jeúk!bkx|bgi+
Zúoa cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz & Zezxbfi hb bxeyrbxiha
jakcehbkjeio& Jec|iha hb hixaz bk oi
hezx|elrjeúk hb za~a|xbz+& Jec|iha hb ekca|fijeúk bk
hez~azexesaz ~a|xéxeobz crb|ihb oiz ekzxioijeakbz -bsexi|bo rza hb hez~azexesaz yrbka ~b|fexik jec|iha/ aiha~xi| fbhehizioxb|kixesiz%
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 32 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 66/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Kesbo lézejaKesbo fbhea
Kesbo ioxaJa~eiz hb |bz~iohaZúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz & Ja~ei hb |bz~ioha zbfikio& ^|ajbhefebkxaz hb
gbkb|ijeúk hb ja~eiz hb|bz~ioha u |bjr~b|ijeúk hbhixaz+
& Sb|ecejijeúk zbfbzx|io hboaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz+
& \bjakzx|rjjeúk hb oazhixaz i ~i|xe| hb oi ðoxefija~ei+ G|ilijeúk fikriobk zr jiza/ ze b}ezxbhajrfbkxijeúk yrb oa~b|fexi+
& ^|rbliz jak hixaz |biobz+Ja~ei hb zbgr|ehih ui~oejijeúk hbo kesbo hbzbgr|ehih ja||bz~akhebkxb+
Zúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz & Ja~ei hb |bz~ioha u
~|ajbhefebkxaz hb|bjr~b|ijeúk bk orgi|hecb|bkxb hbo yrb zbbkjrbkx|bk oaz byre~az+
J|exb|eaz hb i|jmesaZúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz
& Bo i|jmesa hb oazhajrfbkxaz hblb|bioepi|zb zbgðk j|exb|eazyrb cijeoexbk zr jakzroxi uoajioepijeúk ~i|i gi|ikxepi|bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmazI\JA
IofijbkifebkxaZúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & Hez~azexesaz hb
iofijbkifebkxa haxihazhb fbjikezfaz yrb
alzxijroejbk zr i~b|xr|i
Zúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & I|fi|eaz/ i|jmesiha|bz b
hajrfbkxaz bk é|biz jakijjbza ~|axbgeha jak
~rb|xiz jak ooisb+Jrzxahei hb za~a|xbzZúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & Hr|ikxb oi |bsezeúk a
x|ifexijeúk hb oazhajrfbkxaz/ oi ~b|zaki iji|ga hb oaz fezfaz hblbzb| heoegbkxb u jrzxahei|oi~i|i bsexi| ijjbzaz kairxa|epihaz
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 33 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 67/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Kesbo lézejaKesbo fbhea
Kesbo ioxaJa~ei a |b~|ahrjjeúk
Zúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & Zúoa ~rbhb |bioepi|zb ~a|
oaz rzri|eaz irxa|epihaz& Hbzx|rjjeúk hb ja~eiz
hbzbjmihizIrhexa|æi
& Io fbkaz jihi haz iùaz/ekxb|ki a b}xb|ki+
& Hblb |bioepi|zb ikxbfahecejijeakbz zrzxikjeiobzbk oaz zezxbfiz hbekca|fijeúk jak|b~b|jrzeakbz bkzbgr|ehih+
& Sb|ecejijeúk u jakx|ao hb oiihbjrijeúk hb oiz fbhehiz+
& Ekca|fb hb hbxbjjeúk hbhbcejebkjeiz u ~|a~rbzxizja||bjxa|iz+
& Ikéoezez hbo |bz~akzilob hbzbgr|ehih u jakjorzeakbz io
|bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|aXbobjafrkejijeakbzZúoa cejmb|azirxafixepihaz& X|ikzfezeúk hb hixaz i
x|isåz hb |bhbzbobjx|úkejiz jec|ihi+
X|izoiha hb hajrfbkxijeúkZúoa cejmb|az kairxafixepihaz & Fbhehiz yrb ef~ehik bo
ijjbza a fike~roijeúk
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA bk lizb i ekca|fijeúk hb oi IB^H -Græi hb Zbgr|ehih/ il|eo <>>=%
\bz~akzilob hb Zbgr|ehih
Rki hb oiz fbhehiz yrb zb hblbk iha~xi| jrikha zb xebkbk hixaz ~b|zakiobz hb kesbo
fbhea a zr~b|ea| bz oi hb izegki| rk |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih+ Bo i|x+ 52 hbo \HOA^H
|bjagb bzxi aloegijeúk+
Bk bo hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih hblb|ék hbzegki|zb rka a si|eaz |bz~akzilobz hb
zbgr|ehih bkji|gihaz hb jaa|heki| u jakx|aoi| oiz fbhehiz hbcekehiz bk bo fezfa+ Bzxi
hbzegkijeúk ~rbhb zb| ðkeji ~i|i xahaz oaz cejmb|az a x|ixifebkxaz hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb|~b|zakio a hecb|bkjeihi zbgðk oaz zezxbfiz hb x|ixifebkxa rxeoepihaz/ je|jrkzxikjei yrb
hblb|é mijb|zb jakzxi| joi|ifbkxb bk bo hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 37 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 68/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
^i|i hezxekgre| oiz cegr|iz hb |bz~akzilobz u bkji|gihaz zb ac|bjb i jakxekrijeúk rk
|b~iza hb zrz |bz~akzileoehihbz0
• \bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih0 ^b|zaki a ~b|zakiz i oiz yrb bo |bz~akzilob hbo
cejmb|a mi izegkiha ca|fiofbkxb oi crkjeúk hb jaa|heki| u jakx|aoi| oiz fbhehiz
hb zbgr|ehih+ Zr crkjeúk bz ~|axbgb| u ziosigri|hi| oi ekca|fijeúk zbkzelob
hbkx|a hb oi bf~|bzi+
• \bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a |bz~akzilob hbo x|ixifebkxa0 ^b|zaki yrb hbjehb zal|b
oi cekioehih/ jakxbkeha u rza hbo x|ixifebkxa+ Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a
x|ixifebkxa bz oi ~b|zaki `r|æheji a cæzeji/ ~|esihi a ~ðloeji/ yrb hbjehb zal|b bo
x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz/ bz hbje|/ xafi hbjezeakbz zal|b yrå mijb| jak oaz
fezfaz+ Bz bo |bz~akzilob hr|ikxb xahi oi sehi hbo hixa/ hbzhb yrb bkx|i i ca|fi|
~i|xb hbo zezxbfi hb ekca|fijeúk mizxi oi boefekijeúk hbo fezfa+
• Bkji|giha hbo x|ixifebkxa0 ^b|zaki `r|æheji a cæzeji/ ~|esihi a ~ðloeji/ yrb
ijjbhb i hixaz hb oi bf~|bzi i oi yrb zb ob bzxé ~|bzxikha rk hbxb|fekiha
zb|sejea+ Bz hbje| oi ~b|zaki yrb x|ixb hixaz ~b|zakiobz ~a| jrbkxi hbo
|bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a |bz~akzilob hb x|ixifebkxa+
Rk 5>" hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb fikecebzxik milb| hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hejb
xbkb| rk |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih izegkiha+ Bo ækhejb hb jrf~oefebkxa bz fru ioxa/ ~b|ami hb xbkb|zb bk jrbkxi yrb oi lizb hb ikéoezez bzxé jakzxexrehi ~a| oiz bf~|bziz yrb
mik kaxecejiha cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 3= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 69/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja <20 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik hbzegkiha
rk |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih -"%
5>"
9>"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Hesrogijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi hb zbgr|ehih io ~b|zakio
Bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa/ ui zb x|ixb hb cejmb|az hb kesbo lézeja/ fbhea a
ioxa/ hblb iha~xi| oiz fbhehiz kbjbzi|eiz ~i|i yrb bo ~b|zakio jakapji oiz ka|fiz hb
zbgr|ehih yrb icbjxbk io hbzi||aooa hb zrz crkjeakbz/ izæ jafa oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz bk yrb
~rheb|i ekjr||e| bk jiza hb ekjrf~oefebkxa+ Oi aloegijeúk hb bzxi hesrogijeúk zb
bkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ =5+< hbo \HOA^H+
Bkx|b oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih féz zegkecejixesiz hbo ~b|zakio hb oi bf~|bzi zb hbzxijik
oiz zegrebkxbz0
• Gri|hi| zbj|bxa ~|acbzeakio zal|b xahaz oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio yrb x|ixboi jaf~iùæi -~+b+ ce|fikha rki joérzroi hb jakcehbkjeioehih bk bo jakx|ixa%+
• Jiflei| oi jakx|izbùi hb ijjbza jak oi ~b|eahejehih bzxilobjehi+
• Ka bzj|ele| a gri|hi| |bcb|bkjei hb oaz hixaz hb oi jakx|izbùi hb ijjbza io
zezxbfi hb ekca|fijeúk -~+b+ ka i~rkxi| oi jakx|izbùi bk rk ~i~bo%+
• Ka hb`i| ekca|fijeúk sezelob bk oi ~ikxiooi hbo a|hbkiha| jrikha zb ilikhakb bo
~rbzxa -~+b+ loayrbi| oi ~ikxiooi jrikha ka zb bzxå bk bo ~rbzxa hb x|ili`a%+
Bo G|éceja <3 frbzx|i bk yrå fbhehi zb mik hesrogiha oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih io
~b|zakio hb oi bf~|bzi+ Izæ/ x|bz jri|xiz ~i|xbz hb oiz ~ufbz yrb ice|fik milb|
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 35 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 70/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi IB^H jakce|fik ihbféz milb| hesrogiha oiz ka|fiz hb
zbgr|ehih io ~b|zakio hb oi bf~|bzi+
G|éceja <30 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik hesrogiha ka|fiz hb
zbgr|ehih bkx|b zrz bf~obihaz -"%
72"
92"
9>"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
\bz~bjxa io faha bf~obiha ~i|i oi hecrzeúk hb oi ka|fixesi hb zbgr|ehih/ bo G|éceja <7
frbzx|i oiz ca|fiz féz milexriobz0
• Bk rki |brkeúk bk bo 2>" hb oaz jizaz+
• Fbheikxb jr|za hb ca|fijeúk/ bk rk 92"+
• I x|isåz hb rki je|jroi| -ji|xi/ b&fieo/ fbfa|ikha‣%/ bk rk 9>"+
• Ax|az fbheaz/ bk rk <2" hb oiz ajizeakbz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 7> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 71/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja <70 Ca|fiz hb hesrogijeúk hb oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih -"%
92"
9>"
2>"
<2"
Jr|za Ca|fijeúk Je|jroi| \brkeúk Ax|az
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
\bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz
Bo |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz ~b|fexb hez~akb| hb rk jakx|ao jaf~obxa/ b}ijxa u hbxiooiha hb
jrioyreb| ekjehbkjei yrb ~rbhi ajr||e| hbkx|a hb oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk yrb x|ixbk
jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ jak bo cek hb hbceke| oiz |bz~akzileoehihbz u fbhehiz
ja||bjxesiz i b`bjrxi| bk jiza hb ajr||e| hejmiz ekjehbkjeiz+ Bzxi aloegijeúk zb bkjrbkx|i
|bjagehi bk oaz i|xæjroaz 5> u 9>> hbo \HOA^H+
Oi ~ufb hblb j|bi| rk ~|ajbhefebkxa hb kaxecejijeúk u gbzxeúk hb oiz ekjehbkjeiz yrb
icbjxbk i oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio u bzxilobjb| rk |bgezx|a bk bo yrb zb migi
jakzxi| bo xe~a hb ekjehbkjei/ bo fafbkxa bk yrb zb mi ~|ahrjeha/ oi ~b|zaki yrb |bioepi
oi kaxecejijeúk/ i yreåk zb ob jafrkeji/ oaz bcbjxaz yrb zb mrleb|ik hb|esiha hb oi fezfi
u oiz fbhehiz ja||bjxesiz i~oejihiz+ Bzxi aloegijeúk icbjxi i oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|azhb kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa+ Hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik milb| hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az
ikxb oi IB^H/ zúoa rk <2" hez~akb hb rk |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz+ Alzå|sbzb yrb bo kesbo
hb jrf~oefebkxa hb bzxi fbhehi bz fru ekcb|ea| io |bzxa hb fbhehiz hb kesbo lézeja
ikioepihiz mizxi ima|i0 rk =<" hez~akb hb hajrfbkxa hb zbgr|ehih/ u rk 7<" mik
hesrogiha oi ka|fixesi hb zbgr|ehih bkx|b zrz bf~obihaz+ Bk xahaz oaz jizaz/ bo
~a|jbkxi`b bzxé jiojroiha zal|b oiz bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik xbkb| zrz cejmb|az |bgezx|ihaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 79 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 72/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja <=0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb xebkbk |bgezx|a hb ekjehbkjeiz
-"%
<2"
7<"
:"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Jakx|ao hb ijjbza
Zbgðk bo i|xæjroa 2 hbo \HOA^H/ rk ijjbza irxa|epiha bz rki irxa|epijeúk jakjbhehi i
rk rzri|ea ~i|i oi rxeoepijeúk hb oaz |bjr|zaz+ Bk jihi jiza/ zb ekjore|ék oiz
irxa|epijeakbz a crkjeakbz yrb xbkgi ix|elrehiz jihi rzri|ea ~a| hbobgijeúk hbo
|bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a a x|ixifebkxa a hbo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih+ Bzxi irxa|epijeúk
zb jakzx|rub fbheikxb rki hbcekejeúk hb ~|eseobgeaz hb ijjbza/ yrb ix|elrubk ~b|fezaz hb
objxr|i/ bzj|exr|i/ bxj/ zal|b oaz cejmb|az izegkihaz i jihi ~b|zaki u oaz ijjbzaz
fækefaz yrb |byreb|i ~i|i jrf~oefebkxa hb zrz crkjeakbz+ Bo i|x+ 59 hbo \HOA^H |bjagb
bzxi aloegijeúk/ yrb icbjxi i xaha xe~a hb cejmb|az -kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa%+
Bo G|éceja <5 frbzx|i bo kesbo hb jakx|ao hb ijjbzaz i oaz cejmb|az hegexiobz bk bo yrb oiz~ufbz bz~iùaoiz zb bkjrbkx|ik0 rk =5" hb oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az |bgezx|ihaz hejb
xbkb| rk ~|ajbhefebkxa hb jakx|ao hb ijjbza i oaz a|hbkiha|bz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Rk 8" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz ka xebkb hbcekeha bo ijjbza fbheikxb
kekgðk ~|ajbhefebkxa u rk 7" kz!kj+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 7< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 73/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja <50 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik bzxilobjeha rk jakx|ao hb
ijjbza i oaz cejmb|az hegexiobz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
=5"
8"
7"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Jak bo cek hb gi|ikxepi| yrb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb kesbo fbhea zb bkjrbkx|bk
~|axbgehaz jakx|i jrioyreb| ifbkipi fbheaiflebkxio/ hb |ala a ~å|hehi hb ekca|fijeúk/bo i|x+ 55 hbo \HOA^H ~oikxbi oi aloegijeúk ~i|i oefexi| bo ijjbza cæzeja io orgi| ~a| ~i|xb
hb ~b|zakio ka irxa|epiha io orgi| hakhb zb bkjrbkx|bk oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk u oaz
hixaz+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ b}jorzesifbkxb bo ~b|zakio irxa|epiha ~i|i booa bk bo hajrfbkxa
hb zbgr|ehih ~ah|é jakjbhb|/ ioxb|i| a ikroi| bo ijjbza irxa|epiha zal|b oaz |bjr|zaz/
jakca|fb i oaz j|exb|eaz bzxilobjehaz ~a| bo |bz~akzilob hbo cejmb|a+
Bo :>" hb oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az |bgezx|ihaz jrbkxik jak fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih
cæzeji ~i|i oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk/ c|bkxb io 33" yrb ka oiz mik ef~obfbkxiha+
Bkx|b oiz fbhehiz féz c|bjrbkxbfbkxb hbjoi|ihiz zb bkjrbkx|ik oaz zezxbfiz jakx|i
ekjbkheaz u bo jeb||b jak ooisb hb oaz hbz~ijmaz hakhb zb bkjrbkx|ik oaz i|jmesaz+
Xifleåk zb mik ehbkxecejiha fbjikezfaz cæzejaz hb zbgr|ehih yrb ka zak zrcejebkxbz -~a|
b`bf~oa/ oi ~|a~ei ~rb|xi hb bkx|ihi i oi bf~|bzi jb||ihi li`a ooisb%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 7: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 74/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :>0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb jrbkxik jak fbhehiz hb
zbgr|ehih cæzeji ~i|i oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk -"%
:>"
33"
8"
^i|jeiofbkxb Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Oi ka|fixesi b}egb yrb/ ~i|i oaz cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa/ ihbféz hb ef~oikxi| oaz jakx|aobz
ihbjrihaz/ zb |bgezx|bk oaz ekxbkxaz hb ijjbza u oaz ijjbzaz irxa|epihaz i oizekzxioijeakbz hakhb zb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Hejmi aloegijeúk bzxé
|bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>: hbo \HOA^H+
Bo G|éceja :9 frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik |bgezx|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo
fbhea yrb hez~akbk hb rk |bgezx|a ~i|i bo ijjbza i bzxaz cejmb|az0 rk ::" hejb xbkb|
ef~oikxiha hejma |bgezx|a/ febkx|iz yrb rk 37" ka hez~akb hb åo+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 78 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 75/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :90 ^a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea ikxb oi
IB^H yrb hez~akbk hb zbgr|ehih cæzeji bk oiz ekzxioijeakbz hakhb zb iofijbkik cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz -"%
::"
37"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Ihbféz hb oaz jakx|aobz yrb zb hblbk xbkb| bk jrbkxi ~i|i oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúkyrb jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz |bjagb
aloegijeakbz bz~bjæcejiz ~i|i oi hajrfbkxijeúk bk ~i~bo yrb jakxbkgi hixaz ~b|zakiobz+
Hejmiz aloegijeakbz bzxék |bjagehiz bk oaz i|x+9>7/ 9>= u 99: hbo \HOA^H+
Bo G|éceja :< frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i
izbgr|i| yrb zúoa bo ~b|zakio irxa|epiha ~rbhi jakzroxi| oaz hajrfbkxaz jak hixaz
~b|zakiobz0 rk 8>" ice|fi hez~akb| hb iogðk fbjikezfa hb bzxb xe~a/ c|bkxb i rk 3>"
yrb hejb oa jakx|i|ea+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 72 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 76/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :<0 ^ufbz jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| yrb zúoa bo ~b|zakio irxa|epiha ~rbhi
jakzroxi| oi hajrfbkxijeúk jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
8>"
3>"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Jafa ðoxefi |bcob}eúk/ zb ~ah|æi hbje| yrb/ hihiz oiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hb oi ~ufb/
|bzroxi|æi jaf~oejiha u jazxaza bzxilobjb| rk kesbo |alrzxa hb zbgr|ehih cæzeji bkgbkb|io/ ui yrb bzxiz bf~|bziz ka jrbkxik/ bk oi fiua|æi hb oaz jizaz/ jak rk bz~ijea
hb x|ili`a yrb ~rbhik iezoi| cæzejifbkxb ~i|i hbzxeki| hb ca|fi b}jorzesi i oaz zezxbfiz
hb ekca|fijeúk+
Ehbkxecejijeúk u Irxbkxejijeúk
Oi ehbkxecejijeúk bz bo ~|ajbhefebkxa ~a| bo jrio rk rzri|ea bz |bjakajeha hbkx|a hbo
zezxbfi hb ekca|fijeúk yrb x|ixi jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -kafl|b hbo rzri|ea%/
febkx|iz yrb oi irxbkxejijeúk bz bo ~|ajbhefebkxa hb jaf~|alijeúk hb oi ehbkxehih bk bo
zezxbfi -oi jakx|izbùi hb ijjbza izajeihi io kafl|b hb rzri|ea%+ Bzxi aloegijeúk zbbkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 5: hbo \HOA^H+
Bo 8=" hb oiz bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az |bgezx|ihaz jakx|aoik bo ijjbza i cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio lizékhazb bk rzri|ea u jakx|izbùi/ c|bkxb
io 2<" yrb ka oa mijb+ Jilb hbzxiji| yrb/ bk gbkb|io/ u lizékhazb bk oaz |bzroxihaz hb
oiz bkx|bsezxiz hb oi cizb jrioexixesi/ bz milexrio oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi zbgr|ehih
lizihi bk rk rzri|ea u ~izzwa|h bk oiz bf~|bziz/ ~|ekje~iofbkxb hbleha i yrb oaz
zezxbfiz a~b|ixesaz ef~obfbkxik bzxi jakcegr|ijeúk ~a| hbcbjxa+ Ka alzxikxb/ ka ajr||b
oa fezfa bk bo jiza hb bzxilobjefebkxa hb ~|eseobgeaz u ~b|fezaz bkx|b oaz hecb|bkxbzrzri|eaz yrb ijjbhbk io zezxbfi+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 73 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 77/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja ::0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb jakx|aoik bo ijjbza i oaz
cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio lizékhazb bk rzri|ea u jakx|izbùi
-"%
8="
2<"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
^a| oa yrb |bz~bjxi i oiz ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hb oi jakx|izbùi/ bk oaz jizaz bk yrb zb rxeoepi/åzxiz zb frbzx|ik bk bo G|éceja :80
• Jakx|izbùi jak cbjmi hb jihrjehih/ yrb aloegi i |bkasi|oi ~b|eúhejifbkxb
-<5"%+
• Jakx|izbùi i oi yrb zb b}egb rki oakgexrh fækefi -97"%+
• Jakx|izbùi jak iogðk fbjikezfa yrb ef~oeji jaf~ob`ehih bk oi fezfi -~a|
b`bf~oa/ b}egbkjei hb jafleki| fiuðzjroiz/ fekðzjroiz u ji|ijxb|bz
iocikrfå|ejaz% -="%+
• Oa féz c|bjrbkxb/ bk jrioyreb| jiza/ bz ka rxeoepi| kekgðk fbjikezfa bz~bjeio hb
zbgr|ehih bk oiz jakx|izbùiz -:="%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 77 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 78/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :80 Ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hb oi jakx|izbùi rxeoepihi ~i|i bo jakx|ao hb ijjbza i oaz
cejmb|az yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
97"
<5"
:="
="
="
Oakgexrh fækefi Jihrjehih Kekgrki Jaf~ob`ehih Oa hbzjakajbk
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Gbzxeúk hb Za~a|xbz
Jak bo cek hb ~|bzb|si| u izbgr|i| oi ekca|fijeúk hr|ikxb zr x|ikz~a|xb u fike~roijeúk/ u
bk ~i|xejroi| oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ oi ka|fixesi b}egb xbkb| hejmi ekca|fijeúk
~|axbgehi fbheikxb oi gbzxeúk hb oaz za~a|xbz yrb oaz jakxebkbk a iofijbkik+ Bzxi
ekca|fijeúk ~rbhb iofijbki|zb bk jrioyreb| za~a|xb bobjx|úkeja -JHz/ jekxiz
figkåxejiz/ fbfa|eiz/ hezjaz hr|az b}xb|kaz/ bxj% a ~i~bo+ ^i|i zr ja||bjxi
fike~roijeúk/ oaz i|x+ 5</ 57/ 9>9 \HOA^H |bjagbk oiz aloegijeakbz bk |boijeúk jak oi
gbzxeúk hb za~a|xbz+
Zb mi ~|bgrkxiha i oiz ~ufbz yrb mik hbjoi|iha hixaz hb kesbo fbhea ijb|ji hb ze zb
mi mbjma rki sioa|ijeúk ekxb|ki bk fixb|ei hb x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz za~a|xbzbobjx|úkejaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Bo G|éceja :2 frbzx|i yrb rk 29"
hb booiz hejb milb| sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa hb za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz -JH/z/
HSH/z/ Jekxiz/ Hezjaz hr|az/ bxj% u xbkb|oa ~|ajbhefbkxiha/ febkx|iz yrb rk 85" hejb ka
milb| sioa|iha hejmaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 7= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 79/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :20 ^a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk hbcekeha u ~|ajbhefbkxiha bo x|ixifebkxa hb
oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
29"85"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Hbo xaxio hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz yrb |bz~akheb|ak xbkb| hbcekeha u ~|ajbhefbkxiha bo
x|ixifebkxa hb oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -29"%/ bo G|éceja:3 frbzx|i yrb0
• Oi hbzx|rjjeúk fbjékeji bz bo fåxaha féz |bjr||bkxb -85"%/ zbgrehi hbo la||iha
figkåxeja -9:"% u oi hbzx|rjjeúk fikrio -9:"%+
• Rk <2" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka hbzx|re| oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb
iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Oi aloegijeúk ~i|i bo x|ixifebkxa hb oaz za~a|xbz u hajrfbkxaz zb bkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk
bo i|x+ 5<+8 hbo \HOA^H+ Zebf~|b yrb siui i hbzbjmi|zb jrioyreb| hajrfbkxabobjx|úkeja a za~a|xb yrb jakxbkgi hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hblb|é ~|ajbhb|zb i zr
hbzx|rjjeúk a la||iha/ fbheikxb oi iha~jeúk hb fbhehiz he|egehiz i bsexi| bo ijjbza i oi
ekca|fijeúk jakxbkehi bk bo fezfa a zr |bjr~b|ijeúk ~azxb|ea|+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 75 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 80/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :30 Fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
85"
9:"
<2"
9:"
Hbzx|rjjeúk fbjékeji La||iha Figkåxeja Kekgrka Hbzx|rjjeúk fikrio
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Jakxekrikha jak oiz aloegijeakbz bk fixb|ei hb za~a|xbz u hajrfbkxijeúk hb hixaz
~b|zakiobz/ oi ka|fixesi b}egb yrb ~i|i oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz hb kesbo fbhea b}ezxi rk|bgezx|a hb bkx|ihi u zioehi hb za~a|xbz yrb jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Oi
aloegijeúk |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 57 hbo \HOA^H bz oi hb jakx|aoi| u bzxilobjb|
|bz~akzileoehihbz i oi ma|i hb fikb`i| oaz za~a|xbz+ Bk hejma |bgezx|a zb ~ah|é jakajb|0
bo xe~a hb za~a|xb/ oi cbjmi u ma|i/ bo bfeza|/ bo kðfb|a hb za~a|xbz ekjorehaz bk bo bksæa/
bo xe~a hb ekca|fijeúk yrb jakxebkbk/ oi ca|fi hb bksæa u oi ~b|zaki |bz~akzilob hb oi
|bjb~jeúk yrb hblb|é bzxi| hblehifbkxb irxa|epihi+
Bo G|éceja :7 frbzx|i yrb rk 8>" hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo
fbhea hez~akbk hb bzxb |bgezx|a/ c|bkxb io 8>" yrb hbjoi|ik ka xbkb|oa+ Rki yrekxi ~i|xb
hb oiz bf~|bziz hbzjakajbk oi zexrijeúk bk jrikxa i ze zb rxeoepi a ka bzxb xe~a hb
|bgezx|az+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki => hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 81/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :70 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik iha~xiha
bo |bgezx|a hb bkx|ihi!zioehi hb za~a|xbz hegexiobz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
-"%
8>"
8>"
<>"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Hbkx|a hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih yrb oi ka|fixesi b}egb ~i|i oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihazhb kesbo ioxa/ oi gbzxeúk u hezx|elrjeúk hb za~a|xbz xebkb bz~bjeio ef~a|xikjei/
~i|xejroi|fbkxb bk oa yrb zb |bceb|b i oi jakcehbkjeioehih hb oaz hixaz+
Bzxiz aloegijeakbz zb bkjrbkx|ik |bjagehiz bk bo i|x+ 9>9 hbo \HOA^H/ yrb bzxilobjb0
• Rxeoepi| rk zezxbfi hb bxeyrbxiha bk oaz za~a|xbz cæzejaz+
• Hezx|elre| oaz za~a|xbz jec|ikha oaz hixaz yrb jakxbkgik/ ekjorubkha oaz hixaz yrb
bzxåk iofijbkihaz bk a|hbkiha|bz ~a|xéxeobz+
Rk 37" hb oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H bxeyrbxik oaz
za~a|xbz cæzejaz ~i|i zr zioehi crb|i hb oiz ekzxioijeakbz hb oi bf~|bzi+
I ~bzi| hb bxeyrbxi|oaz/ |bzroxihaz alxbkehaz bk oi bkx|bsezxi jrioexixesi frbzx|ik bk
gbkb|io oiz ~ufbz hejbk ka jec|i| oaz za~a|xbz ~i|i bo iofijbkifebkxa hb cejmb|az jak
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =9 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 82/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :=0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb bxeyrbxik oaz
za~a|xbz hakhb zb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
37"
::"
Zæ Ka o
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Ja~eiz hb \bz~ioha
Oi ka|fixesi aloegi i |bioepi| io fbkaz rki ja~ei hb |bz~ioha ~a| zbfiki hb oaz cejmb|az
jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ io egrio yrb oaz ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~b|xekbkxbz ~i|i zr
|bjr~b|ijeúk u ~|rbli+ Bzxi aloegijeúk bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 58 hbo \HOA^H u icbjxi i
xaha xe~a hb cejmb|az -lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa%+
Hbjoi|ijeakbz hb oiz ~ufbz bk oi cizb jrioexixesi hbo bzxrhea frbzx|ik yrb/ ze lebk bz
c|bjrbkxb hez~akb| hb ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/
åzxiz ka zb |bioepik jak oi ~b|eahejehih zbfikio yrb b}egb bo |bgoifbkxa+ Oa féz
milexrio bz yrb oiz ja~eiz zbik |bioepihiz zek zbgre| rk ~|ajbhefebkxa ~|bbzxilobjeha/ u
jak rki ~b|eahejehih ekxb|fexbkxb -yrb bk ajizeakbz zr~b|i io fbz%+
Jak |boijeúk io orgi| hakhb zb hb~azexik oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az/ bo
G|éceja :5 frbzx|i júfa bo 37" hb oiz ~ufbz yrb mik hbjoi|iha zrz cejmb|az ikxb oi
IB^H fikecebzxik iofijbki|oaz bk oi fezfi rlejijeúk hakhb zb bkjrbkx|i bo i|jmesa
a|egbk+ Bzxi ~|éjxeji ka bz |bjafbkhilob ui yrb bk jiza hb rk hbzizx|b/ ~a| b`bf~oa rk
ekjbkhea/ b}ezxe|æi rki ioxi ~|alileoehih hb yrb oiz ja~eiz zb seb|ik hiùihiz u ka b}ezxe|é
rk |bz~ioha i oi ma|i hb jakxekri| jak bo ~|ajbza hb kbgajea+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 83/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja :50 Orgi|bz bk hakhb iofijbkik oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az
hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H -"%
<7"
:"
37"
:"
Hafejeoea JBA Bf~|bzi b}xb|ki Bk oi fezfi rlejijeúk Ax|az
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Hbkx|a hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih yrb oi ka|fixesi b}egb ~i|i oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz
hb kesbo ioxa zb bkjrbkx|i oi hb iofijbki| oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih bk rk orgi| hecb|bkxbio hbo x|ixifebkxa+ Bzxi aloegijeúk sebkb |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>< hbo \HOA^H+
Haz xb|jeaz hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik |bgezx|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa ikxb oi IB^H
iofijbkik oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih bk rk orgi| hezxekxa i oi rlejijeúk hb oi bf~|bzi+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 84/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 8>0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb iofijbkik oiz
ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih bk rk orgi| hezxekxa hb oi rlejijeúk hakhb zb x|ixik oaz hixaz -"%
37"
::"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
J|exb|eaz hb I|jmesa
Jak bo cek hb fikxbkb| oi ja||bjxi jakzb|sijeúk hb oaz hajrfbkxaz/ oi oajioepijeúk u
jakzroxi hb oi ekca|fijeúk u ~azeleoexi| i oaz ekxb|bzihaz bo b`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz hb
a~azejeúk io x|ixifebkxa/ ijjbza/ |bjxecejijeúk u jikjboijeúk/ oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk
hb hixaz aloegi i oaz |bz~akzilobz hbo cejmb|a i bzxilobjb| rkaz j|exb|eaz hb i|jmesa+
Bo G|éceja 89 frbzx|i yrb rk :2" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb jakxi| jak fbjikezfaz yrb
izbgr|ik oi jakzb|sijeúk u oajioepijeúk hb hajrfbkxaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio+ Bkx|b oaz fbjikezfaz u hez~azexesaz fbkjeakihaz hbzxijik i|fi|eaz/
i|jmesiha|bz/ ji|~bxiz joizecejiha|iz/ bxj+ Oi fiua|æi -32"%/ bk jiflea/ ka xebkb
ef~obfbkxiha kekgðk fbjikezfa ~i|i izbgr|i| oi jakzb|sijeúk u oajioepijeúk hb zrzhajrfbkxaz jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz4 rki jakzbjrbkjei hb booa ~ah|æi zb| rk |bx|iza a
hecejroxih bk hi| |bz~rbzxi i rki zaoejexrh hb hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =8 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 85/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 890 ^ufbz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| oi jakzb|sijeúk u
oajioepijeúk hb hajrfbkxaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
:2"
32"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Iofijbkifebkxa
Hbkx|a hb oiz fbhehiz |bcb|bkxbz i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz jak hixaz
hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ zb bkjrbkx|i oi hbo bzxilobjefebkxa hb |byrezexaz yrb ef~ehik bo
ijjbza cæzeja i ~b|zakio ka irxa|epiha i oiz ekzxioijeakbz hakhb bzxåk iofijbkihaz oaz
hajrfbkxaz bk ~i~bo+ Bzxi aloegijeúk bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>7 u 999 hbo \HOA^H/
hakhb zb bzxilobjb yrb zb hblb jakxi| jak fbheaz hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji ~i|i oaz
hajrfbkxaz bk ~i~bo yrb jakxbkgik hixaz ~b|zakiobz+
Rk 89" hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoi ka jakxbf~oi kekgrki fbhehi hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji hb zrz
hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo+ Oi fbhehi féz if~oeifbkxb ef~obfbkxihi bz oi hb gri|hi| oaz
cejmb|az bk rk ji`úk jb||iha jak ooisb -8>"%/ zbgrehi hb rk i|fi|ea jak ooisb -9:"% urki milexijeúk a hbz~ijma jb||iha -3"%+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =2 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 86/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 8<0 Fbhehiz hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo jak yrb jrbkxik oiz
~ufbz -"%
8>"
9:"3"
89"
Ji`úk jb||iha jak ooisb I|fi|ea jak ooisb Milexijeúk jb||ihi Kekgrka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Jrzxahei hb Za~a|xbz
Bo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih bz bo bkji|giha hb ~|axbgb| u ziosigri|hi| oi ekca|fijeúk
zbkzelob hbkx|a hb rki bf~|bzi+ Bk bzxb jiza bk ~i|xejroi|/ bo |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih
~rbhb zb| bo bkji|giha hb ziosigri|hi| oi hajrfbkxijeúk yrb jakxbkgi hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio a bk zr jiza hbobgi|oi+ Bzxi aloegijeúk bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>5 hbo
\HOA^H+
Bo G|éceja 8: frbzx|i yrb bo 29" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb xbkb| hbobgiha rk
|bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih ~i|i bzxaz hajrfbkxaz/ febkx|iz yrb rk 8=" hejb ka xbkb| rk
hbobgiha hb zbgr|ehih bz~bjæceja ~i|i bzxb xe~a hb hajrfbkxijeúk+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =3 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 87/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 8:0 ^a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk hbobgiha rk \bz~akzilob hb Zbgr|ehih
~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
29"8="
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Ja~ei a \b~|ahrjjeúk
Bo i|x+ 99: \HOA^H bzxilobjb yrb zb hblbk bzxilobjb| fbjikezfaz jakx|i oi ja~ei u
|b~|ahrjjeúk hb cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz hb kesbo ioxa/ oa yrb ef~oeji yrb zúoa bo
~b|zakio irxa|epiha ~ah|é |b~|ahrje| bzxb xe~a hb i|jmesaz+
Bo G|éceja 88 frbzx|i yrb zúoa rk 9<" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb jakxi| jak fbjikezfaz
jakx|i oi ja~ei u |b~|ahrjjeúk hb hajrfbkxaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Iogrkaz hb oaz hez~azexesaz fbkjeakihaz zak ef~|bza|iz u caxaja~eiha|iz jakx|aoihiz/
bzjékb|bz ob`az hb oaz bf~oipifebkxaz hb jakzroxi/ bxj+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =7 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 880 Bf~|bziz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz jakx|i oi |b~|ahrjjeúk u ja~ei hb
hajrfbkxaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
9<"
=="
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Zb ikioepi i jakxekrijeúk oi ~|bhez~azejeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz ~i|i ihi~xi|zb i oi
ka|fixesi yrb icbjxi i cejmb|az bk za~a|xb ~i~bo+ Izæ/ bo G|éceja 82 frbzx|i yrb bo <9"hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz mik sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz
hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ febkx|iz yrb rk 7="
hejb ka xbkb| ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~|alihaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb bzxaz hajrfbkxaz+ Ka zb x|ixi
hb rki ef~azejeúk a fbhehi hb zbgr|ehih yrb xbkgi jalb|xr|i obgio ke |bgoifbkxi|ei/
zeka féz lebk rki ‟hbjoi|ijeúk hb ekxbkjeakbz‖ hb oiz bf~|bziz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki == hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 89/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 820 Bf~|bziz yrb mik sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz
hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
<9"
7="
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bo <9" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz yrb mik sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk
hb oaz hajrfbkxaz bk ~i~bo yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio/ crb ekxb||agihazal|b oaz fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk rxeoepihaz+ I jakxekrijeúk zb ~|bzbkxik oaz |bzroxihaz/
hakhb zb jakce|fi yrb bo fåxaha féz if~oeifbkxb bz oi hbzx|rjxa|i hb ~i~bo bk rk
:3"+ I hbzxiji| yrb rk ef~a|xikxb 8<" hb booiz ka rxeoepi kekgðk fåxaha+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki =5 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 830 Fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz -"%
:3"
9:"5"
8<"
Hbzx|rjxa|i hb ~i~bo Hbzx|rjxa|i fikrio
Hbzx|rjjeúk fbheikxb crbga Kekgrka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Irhexa|æi
Oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk b ekzxioijeakbz hb x|ixifebkxa u iofijbkifebkxa hb hixaz
hb cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea zb zafbxb|ék/ io fbkaz jihi haz iùaz/ i rki irhexa|æi ekxb|ki
a b}xb|ki yrb sb|eceyrb bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih+ Bzxi aloegijeúk
bzxé |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 53 hbo \HOA^H+
Bo G|éceja 87 frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik |bgezx|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo
fbhea yrb ice|fik milb| ~iziha ~a| rki irhexa|æi lebkio hb zrz zezxbfiz hb
ekca|fijeúk/ ~|ajbzaz/ ~b|zakiz b ekzxioijeakbz0 zúoa rk 99" oa mi mbjma/ c|bkxb i rk
fiua|exi|ea =5" yrb hejb ka milb| ~iziha krkji ~a| rki irhexa|æi lebkio+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 5> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 87 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik xbkeha rki
irhexa|æi lebkio zal|b oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk/ ~|ajbzaz/ ~b|zakiz b ekzxioijeakbz
hakhb zb x|ixik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb kesbo fbhea -"%
99"
=5"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bo fezfa ikéoezez |bioepiha bkx|b oiz bf~|bziz yrb mik hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxaikxb bo \bgezx|a Gbkb|io hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz frbzx|i yrb rk ::" hb booiz mi
|bioepiha oi irhexa|æi lebkio aloegixa|ei/ c|bkxb i rk 37" yrb ka oa mi mbjma/ xio u jafa
frbzx|i bo G|éceja 8=+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 59 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 92/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 8=0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik xbkeha rki
irhexa|æi lebkio zal|b oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk/ ~|ajbzaz/ ~b|zakiz b ekzxioijeakbz
hakhb zb x|ixik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb kesbo ioxa -"%
::"
37"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Hbo fezfa faha yrb oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz hb kesbo fbhea u ioxa hblbk jrf~oe| jak oialoegijeúk hb |bioepi| rki irhexa|æi lebkio aloegixa|ei/ oi fezfi fbhehi hblb i~oeji|zb i
oaz cejmb|az bk za~a|xb ~i~bo yrb jakxbkgik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ Bzxi aloegijeúk
zb bkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 99> hbo \HOA^H+
Xik zúoa rk 3" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb milb| jrf~oeha rki irhexa|æi lebkio ~i|i oaz
cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 5< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 93/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 850 ^ufbz yrb mik |bioepiha rki irhexa|ei lebkio ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz yrb
jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%
3"
5<"
<"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Xbobjafrkejijeakbz
Hbo xaxio hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz yrb hejbk milb| hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa ikxb oi
IB^H/ kekgrka hejb jec|i| oiz jafrkejijeakbz bobjx|úkejiz bk bo bksæa hb cejmb|az io
b}xb|ea| hb zr bf~|bzi+ Bzxi aloegijeúk zb bkjrbkx|i |bjagehi bk bo i|x+ 9>8 hbo
\HOA^H+
X|izoiha hb hajrfbkxijeúk
Oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bk bo i|x+ 998 |bjagb oi aloegijeúk ~i|i bzxilobjb|
fbjikezfaz hb jakx|ao zal|b oi hajrfbkxijeúk jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~i|i yrb
åzxi ka zbi ijjbhehi bk zr x|ikz~a|xb+
Bo G|éceja 2> frbzx|i yrb rk 57" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz ka mi bzxilobjeha fbjikezfaz
~i|i yrb zrz cejmb|az ka ~rbhik zb| ijjbhehaz a fike~roihaz hr|ikxb zr x|ikz~a|xb+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 5: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 94/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 2>0 Bf~|bziz yrb mik ef~obfbkxiha fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| yrb oaz cejmb|az
ka irxafixepihaz ka zak ijjbhehaz a fike~roihaz hr|ikxb zr x|ikz~a|xb -"%
<"
57"
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+<+9< Cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz bk za~a|xb ~i~bo+
Oi b}ezxbkjei hb hajrfbkxijeúk jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk za~a|xb ~i~bo zb b}xebkhb i oi~|éjxeji xaxioehih hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz -53"/ xio u jafa frbzx|i bo G|éceja 8%+
Zebf~|b yrb oi hajrfbkxijeúk bzxå a|hbkihi bk lizb i rk j|exb|ea/ jakzxexrub rk cejmb|a
ka irxafixepiha u ~a| xikxa zr`bxa i oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bo ~|bzbkxb i~i|xiha ac|bjb rki sezeúk ijb|ji hbo kesbo hb ~|b~i|ijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz ~i|i
oi i~oejijeúk hbo \HOA^H bk zr a~b|ixesi hei|ei zal|b oaz cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz+
Bo G|éceja 29 frbzx|i yrb rk <:" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb joizeceji| zrz hajrfbkxaz ~a|
kesbo hb jakcehbkjeioehih/ -~ðloeji/ jakcehbkjeio/ |bzb|sihi%+ Bzxi jrbzxeúk ka |bz~akhb i
rki aloegijeúk |bjagehi b}~|bzifbkxb bk oi obu a bk bo |bgoifbkxa4 ka alzxikxb/ zb x|ixi
hb rk ekhejea yrb frbzx|i oi fiua| zbkzeleoehih u ixbkjeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz bk bo fikb`a
hb hajrfbkxijeúk+ Bz hb zr~akb| yrb oiz bf~|bziz yrb ui sebkbk ef~obfbkxiha rk xe~a
hb joizecejijeúk hb zr hajrfbkxijeúk bk ~i~bo/ jafa bz/ bk bo jiza ikioepiha/ bo kesbo hb
jakcehbkjeioehih/ ~ah|ék ihi~xi|zb jak fiua| cijeoehih i oiz hez~azejeakbz gbkb|iobz hbo
|bgoifbkxa yrb icbjxik i oi zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 58 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 95/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 290 ^ufbz yrb joizecejik zrz hajrfbkxaz ~a| kesbo hb jakcehbkjeioehih -"%
<:"
78"
:"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bo G|éceja 2< frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb ice|fi milb| ef~obfbkxiha
fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih bk zrz cejmb|az bk ~i~bo zefeoi|bz i oiz fbhehiz yrb iha~xik ~i|i
oaz cejmb|az irxafixepihaz+ Bk åo zb i~|bjei yrb rk <>" fikecebzxi zbgre| fbhehiz hbzbgr|ehih byresiobkxbz/ jak ekhb~bkhbkjei hbo za~a|xb bk bo yrb zb bkjrbkx|b bo cejmb|a+
G|éceja 2<0 Lioikjb hb jrf~oefebkxa bkx|b fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih hb hajrfbkxaz u cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz -"%
<>"
3>"
<>"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 52 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 96/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
8+: Jakjebkjeijeúk hb oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oe| jak oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
I ~bzi| hb yrb oaz |bzroxihaz fazx|ihaz mizxi ima|i hb`ik sb| rk |bhrjeha kesbo hbjrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ bz bz~b|ikpiha| bo kesbo hb
jakjebkjeijeúk yrb frbzx|ik oaz bkjrbzxihaz+ Izæ/ bzxb i~i|xiha ~|bxbkhb bsiori| bo
kesbo hb jakjebkjei |bz~bjxa hb oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oe| jak oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk
hb hixaz+
Bo G|éceja 2: frbzx|i yrb bo =<" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb bzxi| jakjebkjeiha jak oi
kbjbzehih hb jrf~oe| jak oi OA^H u bo \HOA^H+
G|éceja 2:0 ^ufbz jakjebkjeihiz hb oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz -"%
=<"
93"
<"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Ihbféz/ bo 75" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz jakce|fik zr ekxbkjeúk hb hbzxeki| fbheaz
-bjakúfejaz u!a mrfikaz% ~i|i ihi~xi|zb i oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 53 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 97/117
EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
G|éceja 280 ^ufbz yrb sik i hbzxeki| fbheaz ~i|i ihi~xi|zb i oi ka|fixesi zal|b
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz -"%
75"
99"
9>"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
8+8 Ekz~bjjeakbz/ hbkrkjeiz u zikjeakbz hb|esihiz hbo ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi
ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixazOaz i|xz+ 8: i 85 hb oi OA^H |bgroik bo ~|ajbhefebkxa zikjeakiha| yrb ~ah|é x|ifexi| oi
IB^H+ Bo ~|ajbhefebkxa zb ekejei jakx|i oaz |bz~akzilobz hb cejmb|az jrikha b}ezxik
~|rbliz |ipakilobz hb yrb zb mi ~|ahrjeha iogrki ekc|ijjeúk hb oaz ~|ekje~eaz u
gi|ikxæiz jakxbkehaz bk oi OA^H+
Bzxb i~i|xiha ikioepi/ ~a| rk oiha/ bo saorfbk hb bf~|bziz yrb zb mik sezxa icbjxihiz
~a| rki ekz~bjjeúk hb oi IB^H/ u ~a| ax|a/ bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa |bz~bjxa i oiz
zikjeakbz i oiz yrb ~rbhbk sb|zb zafbxehiz oiz bf~|bziz jafa jakzbjrbkjei hb rk
ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bo G|éceja 22 frbzx|i bo ~a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik zrc|eha iogrki ekz~bjjeúk ~a|
~i|xb hb oi Igbkjei+ Rk 52" hb oaz bkjrbzxihaz hejb ka milb| |bjeleha krkji rki
ekz~bjjeúk |boixesi i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio+ ^i|bjb yrb/ mizxi
ima|i/ oi ijxesehih hb oi IB^H zb mi sbkeha jbkx|ikha bk oi ekz~bjjeúk i bf~|bziz hb
fiua| xifiùa+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 57 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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G|éceja 220 ^ufbz yrb mik zrc|eha iogrki ekz~bjjeúk ~a| ~i|xb hb oi IB^H -"%
8"
52"
9"
Zæ Ka KZ!KJ
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bo G|éceja 23 ikioepi bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi jrikxæi hb oiz zikjeakbz ~a| ~i|xb hb
oiz bf~|bziz bkx|bsezxihiz+ Bzxiz zikjeakbz ~rbhbk e| hbzhb oaz 3>> br|az bk jiza hb
ekc|ijjeúk obsb -~a| b`bf~oa/ hbzixbkhb| oi zaoejexrh hbo ekxb|bziha hb jikjboi| zrz hixaz~b|zakiobz/ ka zaoejexi| oi ekzj|e~jeúk hb oaz cejmb|az i oi IB^H/ a ka jrf~oe| bo hblb| hb
ekca|fijeúk io |bjili| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz% mizxi oaz 3>>+>>> br|az ze oi ekc|ijjeúk bz
fru g|isb -~a| b`bf~oa/ |bjagb| hixaz hb ca|fi c|irhrobkxi u bkgiùazi/ jafrkeji| a
jbhb| hixaz crb|i hb oaz zr~rbzxaz ~b|fexehaz/ a |bjili| u x|ixi| oaz hixaz zek bo
jakzbkxefebkxa hbo icbjxiha%+ Izæ sebkb bzxilobjeha bk bo i|x+ 82 \HOA^H+
Zúoa bo 5" hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz hbjoi|ik jakajb| i jrékxa izjebkhbk oiz zikjeakbz
bk jiza hb ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 5= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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G|éceja 230 Kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi jrikxæi hb oiz zikjeakbz hb oi Igbkjei hb
^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz ~a| ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi OA^H -"%
5"
59"
Zæ Ka
Crbkxb0 EKXBJA
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 55 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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2 C\BKAZ ^I\I OI IHA^JEÚK U LBKBCEJEAZ
HB\ESIHAZ HB BOOIXio u jafa zb mi fazx|iha bk bo i~i|xiha 8/ oi zexrijeúk hb oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bk oa yrb
zb |bceb|b io kesbo hb jakajefebkxa u iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
ka bz bz~bjeiofbkxb ~azexesi0 rk 33" ice|fi hbzjakajb| oi ka|fixesi/ u zúoa rk 93" hb
oiz ~ufbz ~i|xeje~ikxbz bk bo bzxrhea xebkbk zrz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H+
Bk bo ~|bzbkxb b~æg|icb zb ikioepik oaz c|bkaz a li||b|iz jak oaz yrb zb bkjrbkx|ik oiz
~ufbz bk zr ~|ajbza hb iha~jeúk i oi ka|fixesi/ izæ jafa oaz lbkbcejeaz u sioa| iùiheha
yrb oi ef~obfbkxijeúk i~a|xi io kbgajea+
Ze lebk bk ikéoezez hb oaz lbkbcejeaz bz gbkå|eja u jafðk i xaha xe~a hb bf~|bziz/ oaz
c|bkaz ikioepihaz icbjxik bk bz~bjeio i oiz ~ufbz/ ui yrb xebkbk yrb sb| jak zrz
je|jrkzxikjeiz ~i|xejroi|bz hb |bhrjehiz hefbkzeakbz u oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz
-bjakúfejaz/ mrfikaz/ xåjkejaz% yrb ka icbjxi i oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz+
2+9 C|bkaz i oi iha~jeúk
Cioxi hb zbkzeleoehih mijei oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz u
hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi obu
Oiz ~ufbz ka jakajbk oi ef~a|xikjei u kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio u ka bkxebkhbk bo ~a|yrå hb rki ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Bzxb
mbjma mijb yrb hbzjakapjik bk g|ik fbhehi oi OA^H u bo \HOA^H+
Bk ajizeakbz/ bz ~azelob yrb oi ~ufb xbkgi jakajefebkxa hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb rki obu/
~b|a hbzjakajbk oi aloegixa|ebhih hb oi fezfi u!a oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz hb zr
ekjrf~oefebkxa+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ b}ezxbk bf~|bziz yrb ka zb jakzehb|ik zr`bxiz i oi obu/
ui yrb bkxebkhbk yrb zb x|ixi hb hez~azejeakbz yrb icbjxik b}jorzesifbkxb i bf~|bziz
hb fiua| xifiùa+
Bzxb hbzjakajefebkxa u cioxi hb zbkzeleoepijeúk icbjxi ekjorza i oi jakzehb|ijeúk hb yrå
zak hixaz ~b|zakiobz u!a cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz/ b}ezxebkha ~ufbz yrb/ ~a| ka
jakajb| bo éflexa al`bxesa hb i~oejijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi/ ka zb jakzehb|ik icbjxihiz+
Oi Ihfekezx|ijeúk/ oi ~|a~ei Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ a|gikepijeakbz u ~ix|akiobz
bf~|bzi|eiobz/ izæ jafa bkxehihbz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz/ mik |bioepiha oila|bz ca|fixesiz u hb
zbkzeleoepijeúk+ ^i|bjb yrb zb mijb kbjbzi|ea zbgre| ~|acrkhepikha bk bzxb bzcrb|pa
ekca|fixesa+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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\bjmipa io jiflea
Ekjorza bk bo jiza hb jakajb| oi ka|fixesi/ b}ezxb bkx|b oiz ~ufbz rk |bjmipa i oizkasbhihbz+ Oi ihi~xijeúk i oi obgezoijeúk zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz zr~akb rk jiflea
bk oi a|gikepijeúk hb oi ekca|fijeúk yrb icbjxi i xi|biz/ jakjb~xaz/ ~|ajbzaz u
fbjékejiz hb x|ili`a+ Bo jaobjxesa ~ufb/ i ~|ea|e féz jakzb|siha| bk zr ca|fi hb
x|ili`i|/ ~rbhb fazx|i| rki ~|bhez~azejeúk |bijei i xaha oa yrb ef~oeyrb jiflea
zrzxikjeio bk zr ca|fi hb a|gikepi| bo x|ili`a/ ze hb booa ka zb hbz~|bkhb rk lbkbcejea
~b|jeleha ~i|i zr kbgajea+ Bk gbkb|io/ oiz bf~|bziz yrb zb bkjrbkx|ik bk ~|ajbza hb
ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz oa ~b|jelbk jafa rki ef~azejeúk a
rki ji|gi u ka jafa ioga yrb i~a|xi sioa| i zr kbgajea+
^a| booa/ oiz fbhehiz hb zbkzeleoepijeúk i ef~obfbkxi| hblbk xbkb| bk jrbkxi bzxije|jrkzxikjei/ mijebkha åkcizez bk bo sioa| iùiheha yrb oi ka|fixesi i~a|xi io kbgajea u
yrb oi ihi~xijeúk io jiflea |byreb|b rk bzcrb|pa ekejeio yrb i fbhea u oi|ga ~oipa bz
zbkjeooa hb fikb`i|+
Oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz -bjakúfejaz/ mrfikaz u xebf~a%
^rbhb hi|zb bo jiza hb bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi ka|fixesi u ka frbzx|ik rk |bjmipa
c|akxio io jiflea yrb zr~akb/ ~b|a ka alzxikxb |bjakajbk rki oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz
kbjbzi|eaz ~i|i zr ja||bjxi ef~obfbkxijeúk+ Zb ~ah|æi hbje| yrb/ `rkxa jak bohbzjakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi/ åzxb bz bo faxesa yrb bk fiua| fbhehi c|bki i oiz
~ufbz i oi ma|i hb oi ihi~xijeúk+
Oiz ~ufbz/ ~a| oa gbkb|io/ jakzehb|ik yrb bo gizxa yrb zr~akb oi oila| hb ihi~xijeúk
-jakzroxa|æi/ ze a~xik ~a| bzxi a~jeúk/ u fbheaz fixb|eiobz jafa za~a|xbz hb
iofijbkifebkxa/ jakx|ao hb ijjbza oúgeja/ jec|iha/ bxj+%/ bz b}jbzesa b ekkbjbzi|ea/ bk
xikxa bk jrikxa ka obz |b~a|xi rk sioa| iùiheha ekfbheixa+
Hbo fezfa faha/ io x|ixi|zb hb ioga yrb jakzehb|ik jaf~ob`a/ jakzehb|ik yrb ka
hez~akbk hb ~b|zakio jak zrcejebkxbz jakajefebkxaz xåjkejaz bk oi fixb|ei/ u ~a| xikxa zb~oikxbik oi kbjbzehih hb jakx|ixi| i iogrebk bz~bjæceja+
Io b}jbzesa jazxb ~b|jeleha u oi cioxi hb |bjr|zaz mrfikaz jrioecejihaz zb rkb bo xebf~a
hb ihbjrijeúk/ yrb bk xahi oúgeji/ zb hbzsæi hb oi ijxesehih ~|ekje~io hbo kbgajea ~i|i
hbzxeki|zb io jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Bk gbkb|io/ zb
~b|jelb jafa rki xi|bi xbheazi yrb b}egb hbzsei| |bjr|zaz hb oi ijxesehih ~|ekje~io hbo
kbgajea+
^a| booa/ bz kbjbzi|ea yrb bk oi oila| hecrza|i hb oi Ihfekezx|ijeúk zb xbkgi bk jrbkxi
bzxi je|jrkzxikjei/ ~i|i ekzx|re| hb ca|fi al`bxesi ijb|ji hbo jazxb/ xebf~a u |bjr|zaz
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>9 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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mrfikaz kbjbzi|eaz ~i|i oi iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi/ u cijeoexi| ~irxiz ~i|i fi}efepi|
oi bcbjxesehih+
Éflexa xåjkeja hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz
\boijeakiha jak oa ikxb|ea|/ zb bkjrbkx|i bo c|bka hb|esiha hbo éflexa b}jbzesifbkxb
xåjkeja hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+ Oiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ekca|féxeji
yrb zb hblbk ef~oikxi| zak xbfiz yrb ~rbhbk |bzroxi| jaf~ob`az ~i|i oiz ~ufbz/ ka
hez~akebkha hb |bjr|zaz xåjkejaz -xikxa fixb|eiobz jafa mrfikaz% ji~ijbz hb mijb|obz
c|bkxb+
Iogrkiz jakzroxa|iz bz~bjeioepihiz bk cijeoexi| oi iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi bkx|b oiz
~ufbz j|exejik yrb/ ~|bjezifbkxb ~a| bo ji|éjxb| xåjkeja hb oi ka|fi/ bk ajizeakbz oizef~oikxijeakbz ka zb mijbk jak rk kesbo hb bcbjxesehih hbo 9>>" ui yrb ~rbhbk
hbzjrehi| iz~bjxaz hb xe~a ekca|féxeja ‚ xåjkeja/ a obgio/ bk crkjeúk hbo ~b|ceo hbo
ef~obfbkxiha|+
B||úkbi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi
Ekjorza bk oaz jizaz bk oaz yrb zb oi ~ufb ef~oikxi oi ka|fixesi/ åzxi zb mijb hb ca|fi
b||úkbi+ I oa oi|ga hbo ekca|fb zb mik ~|bzbkxiha krfb|azaz b`bf~oaz hb zexrijeakbz bk
oiz yrb oiz bf~|bziz/ ekse|xebkha fbheaz ~i|i izbgr|i| oi ef~oikxijeúk/ ka bzxék bk
zexrijeúk jaf~obxifbkxb i`rzxihi i oi obu+ Zb x|ixi hb jakjb~xaz u |byrezexaz
jaf~oejihaz -~b|ceobz hb rzri|ea/ ~b|fezaz‣%/ u hb zexrijeakbz yrb oiz bf~|bziz ~rbhbk
bzxi| jakzehb|ikha i`rzxihiz i oi obu jrikha |biofbkxb ka bz izæ -eksaorj|ijeúk hb xaha
bo ~b|zakio hb oi bf~|bzi/ |bioepijeúk hb irhexa|æiz/ |bgezx|az hb bkx|ihi u zioehi hb
hixaz‣%+
2+< Lbkbcejeaz hb|esihaz hb oi ef~oikxijeúk
\bjakajebkha oi b}ezxbkjei hb oaz c|bkaz ikxb|ea|fbkxb hbzj|exaz/ b ekzezxebkha bk oi
kbjbzehih hb ef~obfbkxi| fbhehiz ~i|i fekefepi|oaz/ bz kbjbzi|ea ~rkxrioepi| yrb oi
iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz i~a|xi rki zb|eb hb lbkbcejeaz yrb zb
x|ihrjbk bk rk sioa| iùiheha ~i|i oi bf~|bzi+ ^a| booa/ oiz ijjeakbz hb jakjebkjeijeúk u
ca|fijeúk hblbk e| bkjifekihiz i oi b}~azejeúk hb oiz sbkxi`iz hb|esihiz hb oi iha~jeúk
hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bo sioa| hb oaz hixaz
Oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz zak sioeazaz bk zæ fezfaz+ Oi xbkhbkjei ijxrio bz i jakzehb|i|oaz
rk ijxesa féz hb oi bf~|bzi+ Oaz hixaz zak ekca|fijeúk/ u oi ekca|fijeúk bz sioeazi+ ^a|
booa/ bz kbjbzi|ea mijb| rk bzcrb|pa ~a| ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz ~i|i gi|ikxepi| zrjakcehbkjeioehih -ekxb|ki u b}xb|ki% u bsexi| ~azelobz ekjehbkjeiz hb zbgr|ehih0 ~å|hehi/
crgi a |ala hb ekca|fijeúk yrb ~rbhb mijb| oobgi| oaz hixaz i ~b|zakiz ekihbjrihiz
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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-bf~|bziz hb oi jaf~bxbkjei/ fbheaz hb jafrkejijeúk/ bf~obihaz fioekxbkjeakihaz‣%+
Rki ekjehbkjei hb bzxb xe~a ~rbhb xbkb| jakzbjrbkjeiz fru kbgixesiz ~i|i oi bf~|bzi/ u
bk ajizeakbz oaz bf~|bzi|eaz ka zb mik ~oikxbiha oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz ikxb oi ~å|hehi hbrki lizb hb hixaz hb joebkxbz/ ~|asbbha|bz a bf~obihaz+
Irfbkxa hb jioehih bk oiz a~b|ijeakbz
Oi ihi~xijeúk hb oi ~ufb ~i|i bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi OA^H jakx|elrub i fb`a|i| oaz
~|ajbzaz hb fikb`a hb oi ekca|fijeúk/ ui yrb ~|a~a|jeaki rki jroxr|i hb jioehih bk bo
x|ixifebkxa hb oaz hixaz u oi gbzxeúk hbo kbgajea yrb ~rbhb x|izoihi|zb i ax|az ~|ajbzaz
hb oi bf~|bzi+ Rki jrbzxeúk xik lézeji jafa ~akb| bk a|hbk oi ekca|fijeúk jakx|elrub
bk ajizeakbz i hbxbjxi| ~|alobfiz a ji|bkjeiz hbo kbgajea+
Fb`a|i hb oi efigbk ja|~a|ixesi
Bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz gi|ikxepi oi jakcehbkjeioehih u
bo hb|bjma i oi ekxefehih hb oaz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz jbhehaz+ Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ bz rki
|bcb|bkjei u gi|ikxæi hb zb|ebhih u jakceikpi ~i|i oaz ijxa|bz yrb zb |boijeakik jak oiz
~ufbz bk zr x|éceja hei|ea/ ~|ekje~iofbkxb joebkxbz u ~|asbbha|bz/ ~b|a xifleåk bf~|bziz
hb oi jaf~bxbkjei+ Izæ/ iogrkiz ~ufbz |bjakajbk milb| ekejeiha bo ~|ajbza hb
ihi~xijeúk i oi obu ikxb rki zaoejexrh hb iogrka hb zrz joebkxbz/ a ikxb oi gbkb|ioepijeúk
hb oi jroxr|i hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bkx|b bf~|bziz ~b|xbkbjebkxbz i zr zbjxa| hbijxesehih+ Bk gbkb|io/ oa jakzehb|ik lbkbcejeaza ~i|i oi ~|a~ei efigbk u rki
fikecbzxijeúk hb oi |bz~akzileoehih zajeio ja|~a|ixesi+
Bz rk hb|bjma crkhifbkxio
Oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz rk hb|bjma crkhifbkxio yrb if~i|i i xahaz oaz jerhihikaz/ u
~i|i zr gi|ikxæi bcbjxesi oiz bf~|bziz mik hb jrf~oe| oiz hez~azejeakbz ~|bsezxiz bk oi
obu+ Hb oa jakx|i|ea/ ~rbhbk sb|zb icbjxihiz ~a| hbkrkjeiz a zikjeakbz+ Oi Igbkjei
Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz/ jafa ú|gika jaf~bxbkxb hbjoi|iha bk oi Obu/ xebkb
oiz ix|elrjeakbz kbjbzi|eiz ~i|i |bioepi| ekz~bjjeakbz u zikjeaki| i oaz yrb ekjrf~obk oika|fixesi+ Oiz bf~|bziz yrb hez~akbk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~rbhbk sb|zb
eksaorj|ihiz bk zikjeakbz |bioepihiz li`a hbkrkjeiz hb oaz hecb|bkxbz igbkxbz yrb
~i|xeje~ik bk bo kbgajea ui zbi ~a| ~i|xb hb zrz joebkxbz/ jaoila|iha|bz a bf~obihaz+
Jrf~oe| jak oi ka|fixesi bz rki aloegijeúk jihi hæi féz oixbkxb hbleha bk fiua|
fbhehi i oiz zikjeakbz u/ bk a~ekeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz ~i|xeje~ikxbz bk bo
bzxrhea/ bz bo febha i oiz zikjeakbz bo faxesa ~|ekje~io yrb bf~r`i i oiz ~ufbz i jrf~oe|
oi ka|fixesi+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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Cijeoehih bk oi ef~obfbkxijeúk
Oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz ekzezxb bk yrb bo jrf~oefebkxa bz fézzbkjeooa u égeo hb oa yrb ekejeiofbkxb ~rbhbk jakzehb|i| oiz ~ufbz+ Izæ/ hbzhb oi IB^H zb
mik ~rbzxa bk fi|jmi krfb|aziz ijjeakbz cijeoexiha|iz ~i|i zef~oeceji| oaz x|éfexbz
ca|fiobz hb oaz |bz~akzilobz hb oaz cejmb|az0 zbzeakbz ileb|xiz hb hecrzeúk/ græiz jak
~irxiz ~i|i bo ja||bjxa jrf~oefebkxa -|bjebkxbfbkxb oi IB^H mi ~rloejiha oi Græi hbo
\bz~akzilob hb cejmb|az %/ ef~obfbkxijeúk hbo zezxbfi KAXI/ fahboaz hb kaxecejijeúk
~|bjrf~oefbkxihaz ~i|i ekzj|ele| oaz cejmb|az/ g|ixrehih hb oi ekzj|e~jeúk‣ Bzxiz
ekejeixesiz zb mi jaf~obfbkxiha bk zb~xebfl|b hb <>>7 jak oi ce|fi hb rk Jaksbkea
bkx|b oi IB^H u bo Fekezxb|ea hb Ekhrzx|ei ~i|i cijeoexi| oi ekzj|e~jeúk hb oaz cejmb|az hb oiz
~ufbz jakzxexrehiz xbobféxejifbkxb i x|isåz hb oaz ^IEX -^rkxaz hb Izbza|ifebkxa b
ekejea hb x|ifexijeúk%+ Bk bzxb fezfa zbkxeha/ EKXBJA mi boila|iha oi Græi lézeji ~i|i
oi ~ufb hb ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ jak ekca|fijeúk hb ekxb|åz
~i|i iyrbooiz bf~|bziz yrb bzxåk ef~obfbkxikha oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb
hixaz+
Ihbféz/ bk oiz ~ufbz jakjr||bk rki zb|eb hb je|jrkzxikjeiz yrb/ miloikha bk xå|fekaz
gbkb|iobz/ ~rbhbk cijeoexi| oi a|gikepijeúk hb oi ekca|fijeúk+ Izæ/ ~i|bjb oúgeja ~bkzi|
yrb bo fbka| xifiùa u cor`a hb kbgajea yrb fikb`i rki ~ufb/ bk jaf~i|ijeúk jak rki
g|ik bf~|bzi/ ~rbhb ef~oeji| rk fbka| saorfbk hb ekca|fijeúk fikb`ihi u ~a| xikxa
cijeoexi| zr a|hbkijeúk u jakx|ao+
J|bijeúk hb rk bkxa|ka hb zbgr|ehih
Oi iha~jeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~rbhb jakzxexre| bo ~|efb| ~iza
~i|i a|ebkxi| i oi bf~|bzi mijei rk bkxa|ka hb zbgr|ehih féz iflejeaza+ Izæ/ b}ezxbk bk
oi ijxrioehih zezxbfiz hb gbzxeúk hb zbgr|ehih hb oi ekca|fijeúk -ZGZE% yrb ~b|zegrbk/
~a| rk oiha/ ekja|~a|i| oi zbgr|ehih bk oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz
jafa bobfbkxa hb oi fb`a|i hb oi gbzxeúk u hb oi jaf~bxexesehih u/ ~a| ax|a/ ac|bjb|
~|axbjjeúk jakx|i oaz |ebzgaz u ~å|hehiz izajeihaz io j|bjebkxb rza hb xbjkaoagæiz hb oiekca|fijeúk u hb oi jafrkejijeúk bk oiz bf~|bziz+ EKXBJA bzxé hbzi||aooikha rk
~|aubjxa ~eoaxa bk bzxb zbkxeha/ cijeoexikha/ jak`rkxifbkxb jak oiz Jéfi|iz hb Jafb|jea/
oi ef~obfbkxijeúk hb ZGZE bk oiz ~ufbz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>8 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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3 JAKJORZEAKBZ
Oi jakjorzeúk ~|ekje~io hbo bzxrhea bz joi|i0 oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bzbzjizifbkxb jakajehi u ka zrcejebkxbfbkxb ef~oikxihi bk bo bkxa|ka ~ufb/ ~a| oa yrb
ka ~i|bjb yrb oiz ~byrbùiz bf~|bziz zb bkjrbkx|bk ~|b~i|ihiz ~i|i mijb| c|bkxb i oiz
krbsiz fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih ~|bsezxiz bk bo \HOA^H yrb icbjxik i cejmb|az ka
irxafixepihaz bk oaz ~oipaz yrb jakxbf~oi bo |bgoifbkxa+
Bo hbzjakajefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zb fikecebzxi xikxa i x|isåz hb oi |bz~rbzxi hb oiz
bf~|bziz ikxb oi ~|bgrkxi he|bjxi zal|b bo jakajefebkxa hb oi obgezoijeúk -rk 33" ice|fi
ileb|xifbkxb ka jakajb| oi OA^H/ u rk =2" fikecebzxi oa ~|a~ea jak |bz~bjxa io
\HOA^H%/ jafa fbheikxb oaz ekhejeaz ikioepihaz i oa oi|ga hbo bzxrhea u hb|esihaz hboiz eksbzxegijeakbz jrikxexixesi u jrioexixesi+ Ka zb ~rbhb ice|fi|/ bk jiflea/ yrb xahiz
oiz bf~|bziz zb bkjrbkx|bk bk rk bzxihea zefeoi| hb egka|ikjei hb oi ka|fixesi4 izæ/
b}ezxb rk if~oea ilikeja hb je|jrkzxikjeiz bkx|b oiz ~ufbz yrb ili|jik hbzhb bf~|bziz
yrb ke zeyreb|i mik aæha miloi| hb oi obu/ mizxi jizaz yrb jakajbk oi b}ezxbkjei hb oi
fezfi/ ~b|a hbzjakajbk oi aloegixa|ebhih hb zr jrf~oefebkxa/ zr éflexa hb i~oejijeúk/
oiz ef~oejijeakbz jakj|bxiz ~i|i zr kbgajea/ oiz zikjeakbz i oiz yrb zb ~rbhbk bkc|bkxi|
bk jiza hb ekjrf~oefebkxa a oaz ~oipaz hb ihbjrijeúk/ ~a| ~akb| zúoa b`bf~oaz+
Bo kesbo hb hbzjakajefebkxa bz féz ijrziha bk oa yrb icbjxi io \HOA^H -oúgeja/ ~a|
ax|i ~i|xb/ xbkebkha bk jrbkxi oi |bjebkxb cbjmi hb bkx|ihi bk sega| hbo fezfa%+
^i|bjb yrb oiz ijjeakbz ca|fixesiz b ekca|fixesiz oobsihiz i jila ~a| oiz
ihfekezx|ijeakbz/ IB^H/ izajeijeakbz bf~|bzi|eiobz u zbjxa|eiobz/ jéfi|iz hb jafb|jea/
bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz/ bxj+/ ka mik iojikpiha oi bcbjxesehih hbzbihi/ a ka mik xbkeha
zrcejebkxbfbkxb bk jrbkxi oiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz hbo jaobjxesa i oi ma|i hb boila|i|
ijjeakbz bz~bjæcejifbkxb he|egehiz i booiz+
Bk jrioyreb| jiza/ bo kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hbjoi|iha bz fru ekcb|ea| io hbjoi|iha ~a| bo
|bzxa hb oi ~aloijeúk+ Izæ/ bo li|úfbx|a hbo JEZ hb cbl|b|a hb <>>= ekjoræi jrbzxeakbz|boixesiz i oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ u bk åo zb fazx|ili júfa rk 2<" hb oi ~aloijeúk
bz~iùaoi ice|fi zb| jakzjebkxb hb oi b}ezxbkjei hb rki ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb
hixaz/ c|bkxb i zúoa rk :8" bk bo jiza hbo jaobjxesa ~ufb+ Bo bzcrb|pa zbkzeleoepiha| mi
hb bzxi| a|ebkxiha bz~bjæcejifbkxb io bkxa|ka ~ufb/ yrb/ miloikha bk xå|fekaz
gbkb|iobz/ ~|bzbkxik rkiz je|jrkzxikjeiz jafrkbz yrb oiz ji|ijxb|epik u hecb|bkjeik hb
oiz bf~|bziz hb fiua| xifiùa+
Bk ~i|xb jakzbjrbkjei hbo bzjiza jakajefebkxa/ bo kesbo hb ef~obfbkxijeúk hb oi
ka|fixesi bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz bz hbcejebkxb+ Oi IB^H jakzehb|i yrb ka féz hbrk 9>&92" hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz xebkbk zrz cejmb|az jak hixaz ~b|zakiobz hbjoi|ihaz
ikxb bo |bgezx|a hb oi Igbkjei+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>2 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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Bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa bkx|b oiz bf~|bziz ka bz mafagåkba/ b}ezxebkha bf~|bziz yrb
ekjrf~obk jaf~obxifbkxb oiz hez~azejeakbz hb oi obu/ u ax|iz yrb bzxék ~i|jeiofbkxb
ihi~xihiz i oi ka|fixesi -~a|yrb xebkbk |bgezx|ihaz oaz cejmb|az/ ~a|yrb zb mik ihi~xihairkyrb ka mik mbjma zbgrefebkxaz/ ijxrioepijeakbz u!a irhexa|æiz ~azxb|ea|bz‣%+ ^a|
xikxa/ bz kbjbzi|ea yrb bo bzcrb|pa bk bzxb zbkxeha zbi jakxekriha u zazxbkeha+
Hbx|éz hbo oefexiha kesbo hb iha~jeúk zb bkjrbkx|i/ i~i|xb hb rki bzjizi jroxr|i u
jakjebkjeijeúk zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb| oaz hixaz/ oi jakzehb|ijeúk ~a| oiz ~ufbz
hb yrb zb x|ixi hb rki aloegijeúk obgio yrb ef~oeji xi|biz xbheaziz u jaf~ob`iz u yrb ka
i~a|xi kekgðk sioa| iùiheha i zr kbgajea/ bo hbzjakajefebkxa hb oiz jakzbjrbkjeiz hb
ekjrf~oefebkxa/ u oi oefexijeúk hb |bjr|zaz mrfikaz/ bjakúfejaz u xåjkejaz ~i|i mijb|
c|bkxb i oi iha~jeúk+ Zb x|ixi/ bk zr fiua|æi/ hb li||b|iz hbjoi|ihiz ~a| oiz ~|a~eiz
~ufbz yrb bk frjmiz ajizeakbz ~rbhbk zb| céjeofbkxb zaosbkxihiz jak ijjeakbz
ca|fixesiz jakj|bxiz u bcbjxesiz+
^a| xaha booa/ ~i|bjb yrb oi ~ufb bz~iùaoi bzxé iðk iob`ihi hb bzxi| bk jakhejeakbz hb
ic|akxi| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oiz aloegijeakbz hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio
bk za~a|xb ~i~bo0 ka jakajb oiz aloegijeakbz u xahisæi ka mi sioa|iha oi zexrijeúk b
ef~oejijeakbz ekxb|kiz hbo kbgajea+
Bk bzxb jakxb}xa/ bz kbjbzi|ea rk bzcrb|pa hb jakjebkjeijeúk u hecrzeúk ~a| ~i|xb hb
xahaz oaz igbkxbz ef~oejihaz0 oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz u irxa|ehihbz jaf~bxbkxbz/ yrb mikhb jakjebkjei| i oiz bf~|bziz zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb ihi~xi|zb i oi ka|fixesi zal|b
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz4 bo ~|a~ea xb`eha bf~|bzi|eio -jéfi|iz hb jafb|jea/ ~ix|akiobz/
izajeijeakbz%/ yrb/ jafa jakajbha| hb ~|efb|i fika hb oi |bioehih bf~|bzi|eio/ ~rbhb
ac|bjb| oiz zaorjeakbz hb ca|fijeúk b ekca|fijeúk yrb fb`a| |bz~akhbk i oiz
~i|xejroi|ehihbz hb oiz ~ufbz4 oiz bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz u cijeoexiha|iz -gbzxa|æiz/
jakzroxa|iz%/ yrb bzxék bk jakhejeakbz hb |bioepi| rk ja||bjxa heigkúzxeja zal|b oi
zexrijeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz u ~oikeceji| hb ca|fi bcejebkxb zr ef~oikxijeúk4 ~a| ðoxefa/ oi
~|a~ei ekb|jei hbo fb|jiha jakx|elre|é i gbkb|ioepi| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bkx|b bo xb`eha ~ufb0 i fbhehi yrb zb hecrkhi bkx|b oi ~aloijeúk bob`b|jejea hb oaz hb|bjmaz yrb oi obu axa|gi i xaha jerhihika/ oiz bf~|bziz zb ihi~xi|ék
i oa hez~rbzxa bk oi obgezoijeúk zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>3 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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7 \BJAFBKHIJEAKBZ HB IJXRIJEÚK
Jakzbjrbkjei hbo heigkúzxeja |bioepiha bk bo ~|bzbkxb bzxrhea/ zb ca|froik ijakxekrijeúk rki zb|eb hb |bjafbkhijeakbz/ yrb icbjxik xikxa io zbjxa| ~ðloeja jafa io
~|esiha/ u yrb xebkbk jafa al`bxesa ekj|bfbkxi| oi xizi hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi
zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz ~a| ~i|xb hb oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz+ Oiz fbhehiz hb ijxrijeúk
|bjafbkhihiz ~izik ~a| zbgre| |bioepikha ijjeakbz hb jakjebkjeijeúk io jaobjxesa/ xikxa
~a| ~i|xb hb oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz jafa ~a| ~i|xb hbo |bzxa hb ijxa|bz ef~oejihaz0
izajeijeakbz zbjxa|eiobz/ jéfi|iz hb jafb|jea/ bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz u cijeoexiha|iz‣
7+9 \bjafbkhijeakbz i oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz ~ðloejiz
Ekj|bfbkxi| oi ekxbkzehih hb oiz ijjeakbz hb zbkzeleoepijeúk u ihi~xi|oiz i oizkbjbzehihbz hbo jaobjxesa ~ufb
^i|i fexegi| bo li`a kesbo hb jakajefebkxa u i~oejijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b ~|axbjjeúk
hb hixaz/ bz kbjbzi|ea ~axbkjei| oi ca|fijeúk u zbkzeleoepijeúk he|egehiz i oiz ~ufbz+ Bzxb
bzcrb|pa ka xebkb ~a| yrå hb zb| b}jorzesa hb oiz ihfekezx|ijeakbz/ jafa zb mi
fbkjeakiha ikxb|ea|fbkxb+
Zb|æi hbzbilob yrb oiz fbhehiz hb zbkzeleoepijeúk jrf~oebzbk jak oiz zegrebkxbz
ji|ijxb|æzxejiz0
• Bk ~|efb| orgi|/ |bz~bjxa io éflexa al`bxesa/ ~rbhb |bzroxi| ~azexesa oi ihi~xijeúk
hb oiz ijjeakbz i oiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz hb oiz ~ufbz+ Ka zb hblb aosehi| yrb bo
jaobjxesa hb ~byrbùiz bf~|bziz jrbkxi jak rkiz je|jrkzxikjeiz ~|a~eiz yrb oiz
ji|ijxb|epik u hecb|bkjeik hb oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz+ Ijjeakbz ca|fixesiz yrb
xbkgik bk jrbkxi u izrfik bzxiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz -lézejifbkxb/ oefexijeúk hb
|bjr|zaz mrfikaz/ bjakúfejaz u xåjkejaz% ~rbhbk |bzroxi| féz bcbjxesiz yrb
ijjeakbz hb xe~a féz gbkå|eja+ Ekjorza/ zb ~rbhbk ~oikxbi| ijjeakbz
zbgfbkxihiz ~a| zbjxa|bz jakj|bxaz hbkx|a hbo jaobjxesa ~ufb+
• ^a| oa yrb |bz~bjxi io bkcayrb/ åzxb hblb|æi zb| hehéjxeja/ ka ef~azexesa+ Zb
hbxbjxi bkx|b bo jaobjxesa ~ufb rki cioxi hb jroxr|i zal|b oi kbjbzehih hb ~|axbgb|
oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz4 izæ/ bk a~ekeúk hb oi fiua|æi hb oiz bf~|bziz ~|bzj|e~xa|iz
~i|xeje~ikxbz bk bo bzxrhea/ oiz ~ufbz yrb jrf~obk jak oi ka|fixesi oa mijbk bk
g|ik fbhehi ~a| jrl|e|zb ikxb bo |ebzga hb rki ~azelob zikjeúk hb oi IB^H/ u ka
~a|yrb bzxåk jakjebkjeihiz zal|b zrz lbkbcejeaz+ ^i|i ca|fi| i oiz bf~|bziz u
gbkb|ioepi| bo jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi bz hbzbilob yrb åzxiz zbik
jakzjebkxbz hb oiz ef~oejijeakbz yrb bzxb hb|bjma crkhifbkxio xebkb ~i|i xahaz
oaz jerhihikaz/ u hb oaz lbkbcejeaz yrb ~rbhb xbkb| ~i|i zr ~|a~ea kbgajea+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>7 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>= hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
• ^a| ðoxefa/ |bz~bjxa io jakxbkeha hb oi ca|fijeúk/ åzxb hblb jrl|e| hecb|bkxbz
~i|xbz hb oi ka|fixesi+ Jafa zb mi fazx|iha ikxb|ea|fbkxb/ bo kesbo hb
hbzjakajefebkxa hb oiz bf~|bziz ka bz mafagåkba/ b}ezxebkha ~ufbz yrb krkjimik aæha miloi| hb oi obu u ax|iz yrb hbzjakajbk iz~bjxaz jakj|bxaz hb oi
fezfi+ ^a| booa bz joisb i|xejroi| rk ~|ag|ifi hb jakjebkjeijeúk ihi~xiha io
bzxihea hb jakajefebkxa hb oi!z bf~|bzi!z ~i|xeje~ikxb!z+ Zb bkrfb|ik i
jakxekrijeúk rki zb|eb hb iz~bjxaz bk oaz yrb sioh|æi oi ~bki ~|acrkhepi| bk oiz
ijjeakbz hb ca|fijeúk0
a Kbjbzehih hb oi ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz/ yrå i~a|xi i oi jerhihikæi u yrå
i~a|xi io kbgajea+
a Éflexa hb i~oejijeúk hb oi ka|fixesi bk Bz~iùi+ Zb x|ixi hb |bja|hi| yrb
oi ka|fi bz aloegixa|ei jak ekhb~bkhbkjei hb oiz hefbkzeakbz u!a
cijxr|ijeúk hb oi bf~|bzi+
a Ekca|fijeúk zal|b oi Igbkjei Bz~iùaoi hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz0 lrbki
~i|xb hb oi zajebhih bz~iùaoi xahisæi ka bzxé cifeoei|epihi jak oi IB^H+
Hb bzxb faha/ bo li|úfbx|a hbo JEZ hb cbl|b|a hb <>>= 9> frbzx|i yrb rk
28/8" hb oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi ice|fi ka jakajb| oi IB^H+ Ikxb oi
~|bgrkxi ±i x|isåz hb yrå fbhea hbkrkjei|æi oi rxeoepijeúk hb zrz hixaz
~b|zakiobz zek zr jakzbkxefebkxa1 zúoa rk 92/2" fikecebzxi yrb oa mi|æi ix|isåz hbo ‟a|gikezfa ~ðloeja bkji|giha hb xrxboi| i oaz jerhihikaz bk
bzxi fixb|ei‖+ Rk 9</=" oa mi|æi i x|isåz hb rki izajeijeúk hb
jakzrfeha|bz u rzri|eaz u rk =/9" bk oaz iurkxifebkxaz+ Rk 9</:"
|bjakajb ka zilb| húkhb he|ege|zb+ Xaha booa ~i|bjb jakce|fi| yrb bo
jakajefebkxa hb oi IB^H ka bz/ bkx|b oi ~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi/ rkesb|zio+ Bk
lizb i oaz hixaz hbo li|úfbx|a/ u i oaz ~|bzbkxihaz bk bzxb bzxrhea/ jilb
bz~b|i| yrb bkx|b oiz ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz oi zexrijeúk ka zbi hecb|bkxb+ Zb
mijb ~a| booa kbjbzi|ea |bca|pi| oi jafrkejijeúk zal|b oi IB^H/ zrz
crkjeakbz u |bz~akzileoehihbz bk fixb|ei hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
a Joi|ecejijeúk zal|b oiz hez~azejeakbz ~|bsezxiz bk oi obgezoijeúk0 oi
xb|fekaoagæi bf~obihi xikxa bk oi obu jafa bk bo |bgoifbkxa bz
b}jbzesifbkxb xåjkeji/ u ~rbhb |bzroxi| i ~ufbz ka cifeoei|epihiz rki
ekca|fijeúk xbheazi u jaf~ob`i+ Oi ‟x|ihrjjeúk‖ hb oi ka|fixesi io eheafi
milexrio hb oiz ~byrbùiz bf~|bziz ~rbhb iurhi|obz i jaf~|bkhb| oiz
9> JEZ/ Li|úfbx|a hb Cbl|b|a hb <>>=/ Bzxrhea k° <+728+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa kijeakio jak rki frbzx|i hb <+87> zr`bxaz-~aloijeúk bz~iùaoi hb iflaz zb}az hb 9= iùaz u féz%
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 9>5 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
ef~oejijeakbz jakj|bxiz+ Bo Br|ali|úfbx|a99 ikioepi b}~oæjexifbkxb bzxb
~rkxa+ Ikxb oi ~|bgrkxi i oiz bf~|bziz hb ze cisa|bjb|æik rk ‟joi|ecejijeúk
hb oi i~oejijeúk ~|éjxeji hb oiz hbcekejeakbz u jakjb~xaz joisb hb oihe|bjxesi br|a~bi u hb oiz obubz kijeakiobz zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz‖/ rk
73" hb oiz bf~|bziz br|a~biz jakzroxihiz |bz~akhb ice|fixesifbkxb+ Bk
bo jiza hb bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz/ bo ~a|jbkxi`b izjebkhb io 57"0 jize oi
xaxioehih hb oiz bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz -jilb |bja|hi| bk bzxb ~rkxa yrb bo
Br|ali|úfbx|a ka ili|ji b}jorzesifbkxb i ~ufbz/ zeka i bf~|bziz hb
féz hb <> bf~obihaz% ig|ihbjb|æi rki joi|ecejijeúk xb|fekaoúgeji hb oi
obu zal|b ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz+
Xbkb| bk jrbkxi oiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz hb oiz ~ufbz -bk hefbkzeakbz/ zbjxa| hb ijxesehih/
cijxr|ijeúk/ xe~aoagæi hb hixaz/ hez~akeleoehih hb |bjr|zaz mrfikaz/ bjakúfejaz u
xåjkejaz‣% ~i|i fahroi| oiz b}egbkjeiz ka|fixesiz
Oi obgezoijeúk ijxrio ka jakxbf~oi hecb|bkjeiz bkx|b oiz G|ikhbz Bf~|bziz u oiz ~ufbz
bk oa yrb |bz~bjxi i aloegijeakbz/ kesbo hb b}egbkjei ke jrikxæi hb zikjeakbz+ Oi OA^H
bzxilobjb rk fi|ja gbkb|io ~i|i xahiz oiz bf~|bziz/ u hblb zb| jrf~oehi ~a| xahaz+ Oi
ceoazacæi hb oi ka|fixesi bz~iùaoi hb ~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz bz xbkb| bk jrbkxi oi g|isbhih
hb oi ekc|ijjeúk/ zebkha e||bobsikxb oiz hefbkzeakbz+
Oa jeb|xa bz yrb zb x|ixi hb haz |bioehihbz jaf~obxifbkxb hecb|bkxbz/ u bo obgezoiha|hblb|æi xbkb| bk jrbkxi bzxiz hecb|bkjeiz ~i|i fahroi| zrz hez~azejeakbz+ Ka zb x|ixi hb
bzxilobjb| fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih r aloegijeakbz hecb|bkxbz bk crkjeúk hbo xifiùa hb oi
bf~|bzi/ ~b|a zæ hb xbkb| bk jrbkxi oiz ~i|xejroi|ehihbz hb jihi jaobjxesa ~i|i
gi|ikxepi| rki i~oejijeúk bcejip+ I xæxroa hb b`bf~oa0
• Fiua| bzcrb|pa ca|fixesa he|egeha i oiz ~ufbz0 bzxb ~rkxa ui zb mi jafbkxiha
ikxb|ea|fbkxb+ Hiha yrb/ zbgðk hbjoi|ijeakbz hb oi ~|a~ei IB^H/ oiz g|ikhbz
bf~|bziz mik zeha oiz yrb ~|efb|a mik ef~oikxiha oi ka|fixesi/ bz oúgeja ~bkzi|
yrb oiz bf~|bziz yrb xahisæi ka zb mik ihi~xiha i oi OA^H zak ~ufbz/ u ~a|xikxa bo bzcrb|pa mi hb e| cajioepiha i bzxiz bf~|bziz+
• Boila|ijeúk hb |bjafbkhijeakbz bz~bjæcejifbkxb he|egehiz i oiz ~ufbz0 mizxi
ima|i oi IB^H bzxé boila|ikha |bjafbkhijeakbz ~a| zbjxa| hb ijxesehih/ zek
xbkb| bk jrbkxi bo xifiùa hb oi bf~|bzi+ Zb ~ah|æi jakzehb|i| i oi ~ufb jafa
rk jaobjxesa/ irkyrb x|ikzsb|zio i frjmaz zbjxa|bz/ yrb fb|bjb|æi oi ~bki zb|
jakzehb|iha bk zr jak`rkxa+
99 Br|ali|afbxb| Jafezeúk Br|a~bi ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak+ Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z―~b|jb~jeakbz -Cbl|ri|u <>>=%+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa br|a~ba |bioepihi i 8+=:2 jakx|aoiha|bz hb hixaz hb bf~|bzizzbobjjeakihiz bk lizb i haz j|exb|eaz0 ~iæz u kðfb|a hb bf~obihaz hb oi bf~|bzi -<>&85/ 2>&<85/ <2>$%+
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 99> hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
• Fahroi| oi jrikxæi hb oiz zikjeakbz xbkebkha bk jrbkxi ~i|éfbx|az ekxb|kaz hb oi
bf~|bzi -~a| b`bf~oa/ rk ~a|jbkxi`b hb zr cijxr|ijeúk%+ Oi jrikxæi hb oiz
zikjeakbz bz ioxi -mizxi 3>>+>>> br|az% b ekic|akxilob ~i|i frjmiz ~ufbz+
• Ax|iz fbhehiz ~ah|æik zb| oi if~oeijeúk hb oaz ~b|æahaz x|ikzexa|eaz
-bzxilobjebkha féz if~oeaz ~i|i oiz ~ufbz yrb ~i|i oiz g|ikhbz bf~|bziz%/ bo
bzxilobjefebkxa hb zb|sejeaz ~ðloejaz xbobcúkejaz r akoekb hb iurhi i oi
ef~obfbkxijeúk‣
• ^a| ðoxefa/ rki ~i|xb hb oi ~aloijeúk ilagi ~a| rki obgezoijeúk bz~bjæceji ~i|i
jihi zbjxa| hb ijxesehih+ Ka zb x|ixi hb rki zaorjeúk zbkjeooi ke i~oejilob bk bo
ja|xa ~oipa/ ~b|a bo 37" hb oiz bf~|bziz bz~iùaoiz -u bo 23" hb oiz br|a~biz% 9<
cisa|bjb|æik rki ekejeixesi hb bzxb xe~a+
Cijeoexi| bo ~|ajbza hb ihi~xijeúk/ ac|bjebkha i oiz ~ufbz ~irxiz u mb||ifebkxiz ~i|i
rki ef~obfbkxijeúk égeo u zbkjeooi+
Bk bzxb zbkxeha/ oi IB^H mi ~rbzxa bk fi|jmi mb||ifebkxiz ~i|i zef~oeceji| u igeoepi| oaz
x|éfexbz hb ekzj|e~jeúk hb cejmb|az+ Xifleåk mi ~rloejiha græiz/ hez~akelobz i x|isåz hb
www+ig~h+bz/ u a|gikepiha zbfeki|eaz u zbzeakbz ileb|xiz+ Hbo fezfa faha/ EKXBJA
mi boila|iha rki Græi lézeji ~i|i oi ~ufb hb ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi hb ~|axbjjeúk
hb hixaz / yrb ~|bxbkhb zb| bo ~rkxa hb ~i|xehi ~i|i yrb oaz bkji|gihaz hb bzxizbf~|bziz jafebkjbk i ca|fi|zb bk oi ka|fixesi u zebkxbk rki lizb ekejeio hb ~i|xehi
~i|i ihi~xi|zb i oi fezfi+ Xifleåk ac|bjb bk www+ekxbja+bz rk jixéoaga hb jakzroxa|bz
b}~b|xaz bk irhexi| b ef~obfbkxi| oi ka|fixesi OA^H bkx|b oiz ~ufbz+ Hbzhb EKXBJA/
oi |bjafbkhijeúk bz |bjr||e| i oaz ~|acbzeakiobz ~i|i gi|ikxepi| oi jioehih bk bo
jrf~oefebkxa+
Fbhehiz cijeoexiha|iz féz ig|bzesiz ~ah|æik zb| ac|bjb| zrlsbkjeakbz u!a ekjbkxesaz i
oiz ~ufbz yrb zb ihi~xbk i oi ka|fixesi+
7+< \bjafbkhijeakbz io zbjxa| ~|esiha
• ^i|i oi ef~obfbkxijeúk/ |bjr||e| ze bz kbjbzi|ea i rk xb|jb|a+ Rk ioxa ~a|jbkxi`b
hb bf~|bziz yrb mik xbkeha å}exa bk oi ef~oikxijeúk hb oi OA^H u \HOA^H zb
mik i~auiha bk rki bf~|bzi b}xb|ki jak b}~b|ebkjei bk oi fixb|ei+ Bk bzxaz
jizaz/ bz kbjbzi|ea izbgr|i|zb hb yrb oi bf~|bzi ~|bzj|e~xa|i bzxé jrioecejihi
bk oi fixb|ei+ Bk www+ekxbja+bz zb ac|bjb rk jixéoaga hb jakzroxa|bz+
9< Br|ali|afbxb| Jafezeúk Br|a~bi ‚ Xmb Gioor~ A|gikepixeak+ Hixi ^|axbjxeak ek xmb Br|a~bik Rkeak+ Hixi jakx|aoob|z―~b|jb~jeakbz -Cbl|ri|u <>>=%+ Bkjrbzxi hb éflexa br|a~ba |bioepihi i 8+=:2 jakx|aoiha|bz hb hixaz hb bf~|bzizzbobjjeakihiz bk lizb i haz j|exb|eaz0 ~iæz u kðfb|a hb bf~obihaz hb oi bf~|bzi -<>&85/ 2>&<85/ <2>$%+
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
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• Bsiori| ~b|eúhejifbkxb bo kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa/ i x|isåz hb irhexa|æiz u fbhehiz
hb zbgrefebkxa+
• Ekzxi| i oiz izajeijeakbz bf~|bzi|eiobz i ~|afasb| oi ce|fi hb ijrb|haz
zbjxa|eiobz yrb ili|ixbk oi ef~oikxijeúk u i~oejijeúk hb ZGZE u oi OA^H/
cijeoexikha oi |bkasijeúk hb byre~az u oi ekx|ahrjjeúk hb fbheaz xbjkaoúgejaz bk oi
gbzxeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz+
• Irxa||bgroijeúk hb oiz bf~|bziz hbhejihiz i ~|bzj|ele| u!a cijeoexi| bo ~|ajbza hb
ihi~xijeúk i oi ka|fixesi/ io bzxeoa hb izajeijeúk a jaobgeijeúk hb oaz
~|acbzeakiobz hbo zbjxa|+
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 999 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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EkzxexrxaKijeakiohbXbjkaoagæizhboiJafrkejijeúk
ÆKHEJB HB G\ÉCEJAZ
G|éceja 90 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi OA^H -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:8 G|éceja <0 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk bo \HOA^H -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:2 G|éceja :0 Bf~|bziz yrb jakajbk oi joizecejijeúk hb hixaz bk kesbo lézeja/ fbhea u ioxa
-"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:7 G|éceja 80 Bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz u!a ka irxafixepihaz yrb ekjoruik
hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:= G|éceja 20 Bf~|bziz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb ekjoruik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio-"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:= G|éceja 30 Xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% +++++++:5 G|éceja 70 Xe~aoagæi hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio fikb`ihaz hbkx|a hb oaz cejmb|az
irxafixepihaz -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8> G|éceja =0 I~oejijeúk hb iogrki ~aoæxeji a ka|fi hb zbgr|ehih |boixesi bz~bjæcejifbkxb i
oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz bk za~a|xb bobjx|úkeja u bk ~i~bo -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++89 G|éceja 50 Bf~|bziz yrb ice|fik xbkb| hbjoi|ihaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb|
~b|zakio bk oi Igbkjei hb ^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8< G|éceja 9>0 Bf~|bziz yrb bcbjxesifbkxb xebkbk hbjoi|ihaz oaz cejmb|az jak hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio bk oi Igbkjei hb ̂ |axbjjeúk hb Hixaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8: G|éceja 990 Xe~aoagæi hb cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ~a| oi ~ufb ikxb oi IB^H -"% +++++++++++++++++++82 G|éceja 9<0 Kesbo hb zbgr|ehih hb oaz cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ~a| oiz ~ufbz ikxb oi IB^H
-"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++83 G|éceja 9:0 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb
ekca|fijeúk i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++87 G|éceja 980 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hb
zaoejexrh hb jakzbkxefebkxa i oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++8= G|éceja 920 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bjagbk hixaz hb fbka|bz hb bhih
-"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++85 G|éceja 930 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb fikxebkbk oaz hixaz ~b|zakiobz
jaf~obxaz u b}ijxaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2> Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 99< hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
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G|éceja 970 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb jbhbk hixaz ~b|zakiobz i ax|iz
bf~|bziz -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 29 G|éceja 9=0 ^ufbz yrb |bjilik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio ~a| fbhea hb xb|jb|az u
|bioepik zr ~azxb|ea| hbjoi|ijeúk hb alxbkjeúk io xexroi| -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2< G|éceja 950 ^ufbz yrb ekjorubk bk zrz jakx|ixaz bzj|exaz bo ji|éjxb| jakcehbkjeio u
~|esiha hb oaz hixaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2: G|éceja <>0 ^ufbz yrb ijjbhbk i cejmb|az hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb ax|iz bf~|bziz ~i|i
oi ~|bzxijeúk hb zb|sejeaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++28 G|éceja <90 Kesbo hb jrf~oefebkxa ~a| oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz hbo hblb| hbbzxilobjefebkxa hb ~|ajbhefebkxaz ~i|i yrb oiz ~b|zakiz cæzejiz xexroi|bz hb oaz hixaz
~rbhik b`b|jb| oaz hb|bjmaz I+\+J+A+ -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++27 G|éceja <<0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bioepik x|ikzcb|bkjeiz
ekxb|kijeakiobz hb hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3> G|éceja <:0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az irxafixepihaz yrb |bioepik bksæaz ~|afajeakiobz
rxeoepikha hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++39 G|éceja <80 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb xebkbk rk hajrfbkxa hbzbgr|ehih -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3: G|éceja <20 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik
hbzegkiha rk |bz~akzilob hb zbgr|ehih -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++35 G|éceja <30 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik hesrogiha ka|fiz hb
zbgr|ehih bkx|b zrz bf~obihaz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7> G|éceja <70 Ca|fiz hb hesrogijeúk hb oiz ka|fiz hb zbgr|ehih -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++79 G|éceja <=0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb xebkbk |bgezx|a hb
ekjehbkjeiz -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7< G|éceja <50 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik bzxilobjeha rk jakx|ao
hb ijjbza i oaz cejmb|az hegexiobz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7: G|éceja :>0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb jrbkxik jak fbhehiz hb
zbgr|ehih cæzeji ~i|i oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++78 G|éceja :90 ^a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb mik hbjoi|iha cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea ikxb oiIB^H yrb hez~akbk hb zbgr|ehih cæzeji bk oiz ekzxioijeakbz hakhb zb iofijbkik
cejmb|az irxafixepihaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++72 Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 99: hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 114/117
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G|éceja :<0 ^ufbz jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| yrb zúoa bo ~b|zakio irxa|epiha ~rbhi
jakzroxi| oi hajrfbkxijeúk jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++73 G|éceja ::0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb jakx|aoik bo ijjbza i oaz
cejmb|az irxafixepihaz jak hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio lizékhazb bk rzri|ea u
jakx|izbùi -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 77 G|éceja :80 Ji|ijxb|æzxejiz hb oi jakx|izbùi rxeoepihi ~i|i bo jakx|ao hb ijjbza i oaz
cejmb|az yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7= G|éceja :20 ^a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk hbcekeha u ~|ajbhefbkxiha bo x|ixifebkxa
hb oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++75 G|éceja :30 Fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz za~a|xbz bobjx|úkejaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=> G|éceja :70 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik
iha~xiha bo |bgezx|a hb bkx|ihi!zioehi hb za~a|xbz hegexiobz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb
ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=9 G|éceja :=0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb bxeyrbxik oaz
za~a|xbz hakhb zb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"% ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=< G|éceja :50 Orgi|bz bk hakhb iofijbkik oiz ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih oiz ~ufbz jak cejmb|az
hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=: G|éceja 8>0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb iofijbkik oiz
ja~eiz hb zbgr|ehih bk rk orgi| hezxekxa hb oi rlejijeúk hakhb zb x|ixik oaz hixaz -"% ++=8 G|éceja 890 ^ufbz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| oi jakzb|sijeúk u
oajioepijeúk hb hajrfbkxaz yrb iofijbkik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%+++++++++++++++++++=2 G|éceja 8<0 Fbhehiz hb ~|axbjjeúk cæzeji ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo jak yrb jrbkxikoiz ~ufbz -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=3 G|éceja 8:0 ^a|jbkxi`b hb bf~|bziz yrb xebkbk hbobgiha rk \bz~akzilob hb Zbgr|ehih
~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=7 G|éceja 880 Bf~|bziz yrb jrbkxik jak fbjikezfaz jakx|i oi |b~|ahrjjeúk u ja~ei hb
hajrfbkxaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++== G|éceja 820 Bf~|bziz yrb mik sioa|iha ekxb|kifbkxb bo x|ixifebkxa u hbzx|rjjeúk hb oaz
hajrfbkxaz hb ~i~bo yrb jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=5 G|éceja 830 Fåxahaz hb hbzx|rjjeúk hb cejmb|az ka irxafixepihaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++5> Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 998 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 115/117
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G|éceja 87 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo fbhea hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik xbkeha
rki irhexa|æi lebkio zal|b oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk/ ~|ajbzaz/ ~b|zakiz b
ekzxioijeakbz hakhb zb x|ixik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb kesbo fbhea -"%++++++++++++++++++59 G|éceja 8=0 ^ufbz jak cejmb|az hb kesbo ioxa hbjoi|ihaz ikxb oi IB^H yrb mik xbkeha rki
irhexa|æi lebkio zal|b oaz zezxbfiz hb ekca|fijeúk/ ~|ajbzaz/ ~b|zakiz b ekzxioijeakbz
hakhb zb x|ixik hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio hb kesbo ioxa -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++5< G|éceja 850 ^ufbz yrb mik |bioepiha rki irhexa|ei lebkio ~i|i oaz hajrfbkxaz yrb
jakxebkbk hixaz hb ji|éjxb| ~b|zakio -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++5: G|éceja 2>0 Bf~|bziz yrb mik ef~obfbkxiha fbjikezfaz ~i|i izbgr|i| yrb oaz cejmb|az
ka irxafixepihaz ka zak ijjbhehaz a fike~roihaz hr|ikxb zr x|ikz~a|xb -"% +++++++++++++++58 G|éceja 290 ^ufbz yrb joizecejik zrz hajrfbkxaz ~a| kesbo hb jakcehbkjeioehih -"% ++++++52 G|éceja 2<0 Lioikjb hb jrf~oefebkxa bkx|b fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih hb hajrfbkxaz u
cejmb|az irxafixepihaz -"% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++52 G|éceja 2:0 ^ufbz jakjebkjeihiz hb oi kbjbzehih hb jrf~oefebkxa hb oi ka|fixesi zal|b
~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++53 G|éceja 280 ^ufbz yrb sik i hbzxeki| fbheaz ~i|i ihi~xi|zb i oi ka|fixesi zal|b~|axbjjeúk hb hixaz -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++57 G|éceja 220 ^ufbz yrb mik zrc|eha iogrki ekz~bjjeúk ~a| ~i|xb hb oi IB^H -"% ++++++++++++5= G|éceja 230 Kesbo hb jakajefebkxa hb oi jrikxæi hb oiz zikjeakbz hb oi Igbkjei hb
^|axbjjeúk hb Hixaz ~a| ekjrf~oefebkxa hb oi OA^H -"%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++55
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 992 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 116/117
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ÆKHEJB HB XILOIZ
Xiloi 90 Jaf~azejeúk hbo xb`eha bf~|bzi|eio bz~iùao ~a| bzx|ixa hb izioi|eihaz+++++++++++++9< Xiloi <0 Rkesb|za ~ufbz bz~iùaoiz hb fbkaz hb 2> izioi|eihaz +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9= Xiloi :0 Hezx|elrjeúk hb oi frbzx|i ~a| zbjxa| JKIB u kðfb|a hb izioi|eihaz -bk sioa|bz
ilzaorxaz u "% +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 95 Xiloi 80 Fbhehiz hb zbgr|ehih aloegixa|eiz i ef~oikxi| bk oaz hecb|bkxbz kesbobz hb
cejmb|az ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++38
Bzxrhea zal|b bo g|iha hb ihi~xijeúk hb oiz ~ufbz i oi Obu A|gékeji hb ^|axbjjeúk ^égeki 993 hb 997 hb Hixaz -OA^H% u bo krbsa \bgoifbkxa hb Hbzi||aooa -\HOA^H%Alzb|sixa|ea hb oi Zbgr|ehih hb oi Ekca|fijeúk
8/7/2019 Estudio sobre el grado de adaptación de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas a la Ley Orgánica de Protec…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/estudio-sobre-el-grado-de-adaptacion-de-las-pequenas-y-medianas-empresas 117/117
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