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� CMh a nTa Mg RCMh a nTa Mg RCMh a nTa Mg RCMh a nTa Mg R )))) a Mé nk a rva yt é m øk a rb NþúHb Nþa la Mé nk a rva yt é m øk a rb NþúHb Nþa la Mé nk a rva yt é m øk a rb NþúHb Nþa la Mé nk a rva yt é m øk a rb NþúHb Nþa l

� CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 1111 ³³³³ rkrkrkrk [[[[ e X Ijn Uv eK alb MNg é nk a rv a yté m øe X Ijn Uv eK alb MNg é nk a rv a yté m øe X Ijn Uv eK alb MNg é nk a rv a yté m øe X Ijn Uv eK alb MNg é nk a rv a yté m ø

� CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 2222 ³ ³ ³ ³ eR CIs er Isv iF Is a ®s þv a yt é møeR CIs er Isv iF Is a ®s þv a yt é møeR CIs er Isv iF Is a ®s þv a yt é møeR CIs er Isv iF Is a ®s þv a yt é mø

� CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 3333 ³ ³ ³ ³ b eg áItb eg áItb eg áItb eg áIt ]]]] bk rNbk rNbk rNbk rN __ __ v a y té m øv a y té m øv a y té m øv a y té m ø

� CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 4444 ³ ³ ³ ³ R b m Ul T in ñn ½yR b m Ul T in ñn ½yR b m Ul T in ñn ½yR b m Ul T in ñn ½y

� CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 5555 ³ ³ ³ ³ v iPa K n ig eF VIrv iPa K n ig eF VIrv iPa K n ig eF VIrv iPa K n ig eF VIr )))) a yk a rNa yk a rNa yk a rNa yk a rN __ __ B IlT æp lB IlT æp lB IlT æp lB IlT æp l

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Ke R m a gE kl m¥Ke R m a gE kl m¥Ke R m a gE kl m¥Ke R m a gE kl m¥ r dær dær dær dæ )))) al m Ul d æa ne nA kmal m Ul d æa ne nA kmal m Ul d æa ne nA kmal m Ul d æa ne nA km << << úC aúC aúC aúC a R ks Ygm h aép Þ n ig T IP Ja kR ks Ygm h aép Þ n ig T IP Ja kR ks Ygm h aép Þ n ig T IP Ja kR ks Ygm h aép Þ n ig T IP Ja k ;; ;; g ar s hR bt ibt þik ar Gn þr Ca t iR be T s Cbg ar s hR bt ibt þik ar Gn þr Ca t iR be T s Cbg ar s hR bt ibt þik ar Gn þr Ca t iR be T s Cbg ar s hR bt ibt þik ar Gn þr Ca t iR be T s Cb:: :: unununun

e sov e PA Ee sov e PA Ee sov e PA Ee sov e PA E Nn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bNþúH b NþalNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bNþúH b NþalNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bNþúH b NþalNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bNþúH b Nþal

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CMh a nT a Mg R )a Mé nk a rv a ytém ø>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>4

CMh a n 1³ rk [e XIjn Uv eKa lb MNg é nk a rva yt ém ø> >> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>6

CMh a n 2³ eR CIse rIs Iv iF Isa ®s þva yt ém ø> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>9

CMh a n 3³ beg áIt] bk rN_v a yté m ø>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>>1 3

CMh a n 4³ R bm UlT in ñn½ y > >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>3 0

CMh a n 5 ³ v iPa K n ig eF VIr) a y k a rN_lT æp l>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >3 4

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] bsm <n æ½ 1³ TR m g ;bB a¢I s MN Y rKMrU

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] bsm <n æ½ 3 ³b B a ¢Is MN YrG eg á telIp lb:HB a l;

] bsm <n æ½ 4 ³ ta ra g bB a © ÚlT in ñn ½y

] bsm <n æ½ 5 ³ bB a¢Iep Þó g p Þa t; sR m a b;r) a yk a rN_v a ytém ø


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k a rv a yté mø ³ k a rva yt émøK WCa k a rk MNt ;E dl m a nlk çN³ Ca Rb B n ½æeT Ael IKuNsm ,t þi té m ø n ig sa r³ s Mxa n;eT AelIG V Im Yy rWnrNa m ña k;eda yeR b IR ) a s;n Uv l½k çx ½NÐTa k ;Tg nwg b NþµM úm a R tdæa nna na .

v iF Isa ®s þv a yté m ø ³

v iF Is a ®s þv a ytém øKW Ca viF Isa ®s þrWe Ka lk a rN_na na E dleR b IR ) a s;Ta Mg viF Is a ®sþE bb Ku NPa B n ig v iF Isa ®sþE bbbrim a NrYm m a nk rNIs ik Sa k arR sa vR Ca ve da yeF VI G eg át k a rviP a KE b bs ßit i n ig KMrUE dl beg áItep Sg²eT o t .

]b k rN_v a yté m ø ³

] bk rN_va yt ém øeR b IR ) a s ;edIm ,IR b m UlT in ñ n ½ y . ] bk rN_Ta Mg ena Hm a neR c InT R mg ; eh Iye yIg G a c E bg Ec k v a ecjCa E pñk ep Sg ²dUc Ca k Mrg s MNY r k a reF VIG eg át ka reF VIets þ k a reFVIsm Öa sn_ k a rB iPa k Sa Rk um eKa ledA k a rseg át nig k Nt ;eh t uepSg ² .

k a rG eg átB Iplb:HB a l;³

k a rG eg átB Ip lb:HB a lKW Ca ]bk rN_va yt ém øm Yy edIm , Iv a s;E vg BIv isa lP a B elI CM na j n ig cMeN Hd wg E dlTT Yl) a nk ñúg k m µv iF IE dlE Rb k øa y\ri ya b T n ig lT æpl c ug eR k a y[R b es Ire LIg eda ysa rE ts ik ça ka m)a ncUlrY m k mµviF IbN þú Hb Nþa l.

ets þm unv KÁ n ig eR ka yv KÁ ³

et s þm un¼eR k a yv KÁ KWCa TR m g ;Fm µta é nk a rv a yté m øka rbNþú HbNþa l edIm ,I dwg B Ik a rek IneLIg c M eN Hdwg rbs;s ik ça k a m . eKG a c eR b Iets þm unv KÁ n ig ets þ eR k a yvKÁed Im ,Ibg ða j BIB inÞúm u nv KÁbNþ úHbN þa l n ig eR k a m vKÁb Nþú HbN þa l .

bB a ¢Ws MNY r

b Ba ¢Ws MNYrK WCa ]b k rN_d¾sa m Ba Øm Yye d Im,Iv a yté m øe lIk m µv iF IbN þú HbNþna na . T R mg ;s MNYrG a c R t Uv ) a neKeR b IedIm , ITT Yl) a nB ½t ’m a ns þIB IG a rm µN_rbs;s ik ça k a m .

k a rsm Öa sn_E bb B a k;k Nþa l rc na sm n æ½³

k a rsmÖa sn_E bb Bak ;k Nþa lrc na sm <n æ ½ KWCa k a rs m Öa sn_Ca m Yyb uK Álm ñ a k ; rWb u KÁl na na eda yG nuv t þt a m bB a ¢Ws MNY rE dl) a nero bcMT uk m un . eyIg G a cm a nk a r p øa s;b þÚre da yel Ik yk nUv s M NYrf µIm k s Yrk ñúg eB lsm Öa sn_G a R s ½yelI cem øI yrbs;G ñk E dleyIg eF VIk a rsm Öa sn_ .

K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥ r dær dær dær dæ )))) a lm Ul dæa ne nAk ma lm Ul dæa ne nAk ma lm Ul dæa ne nAk ma lm Ul dæa ne nAk m << << úCaúCaúCaúCa R k sYgm h a ép Þ nigT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ nigT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ nigT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ nigT IP Jak ;; ;; g a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C b

eso v ePA Eeso v ePA Eeso v ePA Eeso v ePA E Nn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bN þúH bNþa lNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bN þúH bNþa lNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bN þúH bNþa lNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bN þúH bNþa l

CMhanTaMgRCMhanTaMgRCMhanTaMgRCMhanTaMgR))))aMénkarvaytémøkarbNþúHbNþalaMénkarvaytémøkarbNþúHbNþalaMénkarvaytémøkarbNþúHbNþalaMénkarvaytémøkarbNþúHbNþal

et IG VICa k a rva yt é m øk a rbN þúHb N þa l et IG VICa k a rva yt é m øk a rbN þúHb N þa l et IG VICa k a rva yt é m øk a rbN þúHb N þa l et IG VICa k a rva yt é m øk a rbN þúHb N þa l ???? eK) a np þl ;ni ym n ½ y Ca eR c In G MB Ik a rva yt ém ø ehIy xa g eR k a m enHKW Ca ni ym n ½ ysa m B aØxø Hk a rva yté mø .

k a rva yté møKWCa k a r) a :n;R bm a NE dl m a nlk çNrWKeR m a g E dl) a nb Ba ©b ; elI k m µv iF I rWel Ie Ka lneyanig lT æp lna na rbs;KeR m a g nig lT æp lseR m c )a nelI e Ka lb MNg k a rG PivDÆ

R b PB ³ Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management

k a rva yté møk m µv iF IK W Ca k a rRbm UlB ½t ’m a nE dlm a nlkçT in ñplrb s;k m µv iF Ied Im ,IeF V Ik a rE ktR mUvk m µviF I beg áInR bs iT æPaB k mµv iF I n ig ¼rW p þleF VIesc k þIseR m c c it þelIk m µv i F Ina eB lG na Kt

R b PB ³ Patton, M.Q. (1997). Utilization

v d þé nk a rR K bv d þé nk a rR K bv d þé nk a rR K bv d þé nk a rR K b ;; ;; R K g k a rb N þúHb N þa lR K g k a rb N þúHb N þa lR K g k a rb N þúHb N þa lR K g k a rb N þúHb N þa l

eKG a c E bg Eck vdþénk a rR Kbk a rG n uvt þ n ig CMh a n3³ k arKW Ca CMh a nc ug eR k a yén vdþé nk a rR KbbNþa l . lT æp lénk a rvayt ém øk a rbNþúH bN þa lq øúHbBa ©aMBICMh a nbn Þa b;é nk a reF VIE pnk a rbNþúHbNþa le dImE k lm¥k m µviF Ib Nþ úHb N þa l na eB lG na KtdUc KMn UsR BYjE dlbg ða jkñúg KMn Ust a g

1111


g ar s h R bt ibt þik ar Gn þr Ca t iR be T s Cbg ar s h R bt ibt þik ar Gn þr Ca t iR be T s Cbg ar s h R bt ibt þik ar Gn þr Ca t iR be T s Cbg ar s h R bt ibt þik ar Gn þr Ca t iR be T s Cb:: :: unununun

aMénkarvaytémøkarbNþúHbNþalaMénkarvaytémøkarbNþúHbNþalaMénkarvaytémøkarbNþúHbNþalaMénkarvaytémøkarbNþúHbNþal

n i ym n ½y Ca eR cIn G MB Ika rv a yt ém ø eh Iyxa g eR ka m enHKW Ca n iym n ½ ysa m B aØxø H

R bma NE dlm a nlk çN³ Ca R bBn æ½ n ig Ca eKa ledAel IK eRm a gE dlk MB ug bnþ el I k m µv iF I rWel Ie Ka lneya ) a y elIk a rb egáItKeR m a g ka rG n uv t þ

KeR m a g . eKa l b MNg é nk a rv a yt ém øKWk MNt ; elIPa B Ca b;Taka nelI e Ka l b MNg k a rG Piv DÆ R bs iT æPaB plb :HB a l; n ig es ßrPa B Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management

k a rva yt émøk m µviF IKW Ca k a rRbm Ul B ½t ’m a nE dlm a nlk çN³ Ca R bB næ½B Isk mµP a B crik lk çNIeF V Ik a rE kt R mUvk m µviF I beg áInR bs i T æPaB k mµv iF I n ig ¼rW p þl

eF VIesck þIseR m c c it þelIk m µv i F Ina eB lG na Kt . Patton, M.Q. (1997). Utilization-focused Evaluation: The New Century Text (3

ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

nk a rR Kb; R Kg ka rbNþúHb Nþa l Ca b ICM h a ns Mxa n;²³ C Mh a n1³k a rv a yté m ø . k a rva yt ém ø

KW Ca CMh a nc ug eR ka yé n v dþé nk a rR Kb;R Kg k a rb NþúH lT æplé nk a rv ayté m øk a rbNþúH bN þa lq øúH

é nk a reF VIE pnk a rbNþúHbNþa le dIm,IE k lm¥k m µv iF IbNþ úHbN þa l na eB lG na Kt dUc KMn Us R B Yj E dl bg ða j k ñúg KMn Usta g .

4

n i ym n ½ yCa eR cIn G MB Ik a rv a yt ém ø eh Iyxa g eR k a m enHKW Ca ni ym n ½ ys a m B aØxø H²G MB I

Ca R bBn æ½ n ig Ca eKa ledAel IKeR m a g E dl k MB ug bnþ ka rG n uvt þKR m a g

T ak ;Tg n ig es ßrPa B .

Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management

Ca R bB n æ½B Isk mµPa B crik lk çN³ nig IeF V Ik a rE kt R mUvk m µviF I beg áInR bs i T æPaB k mµv iF I n ig ¼rW p þl; Ca B ½t ’m a nsR ma b ;

focused Evaluation: The New Century Text (3rd

ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

³ E pnk a r CMh a n2³

K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥ r dær dær dær dæ )))) a lm Ul dæa ne n Ak ma lm Ul dæa ne n Ak ma lm Ul dæa ne n Ak ma lm Ul dæa ne n Ak m << << úCaúCaúCaúCa R k sYgm h a ép Þ n igT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ n igT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ n igT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ n igT IP Jak ;; ;; g a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C b


C Mh a nTaMg RC Mh a nTaMg RC Mh a nTaMg RC Mh a nTaMg R )))) a Mé nk a rv a yté m øk a rb NþúHb Nþa la Mé nk a rv a yté m øk a rb NþúHb Nþa la Mé nk a rv a yté m øk a rb NþúHb Nþa la Mé nk a rv a yté m øk a rb NþúHb Nþa l

eKG a c E bg E ck dMe NIrk a rénk a rv a yt émøk a rbNþúHbN þa lCa Rrk [e XIj n Uv e Ka lb MNg ésR m a b;v a yté m ø R b m UlT in ñ n ½y n ig v iPa K n ig eF VI r

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 1111 ³ ³ ³ ³ rkrkrkrk [[[[ e XIj nUv eKa lb MNg é nk a rva yté m øe XIj nUv eKa lb MNg é nk a rva yté m øe XIj nUv eKa lb MNg é nk a rva yté m øe XIj nUv eKa lb MNg é nk a rva yté m ø m unn wg b eg áItR bB n æ½v a ytém ø eKR t Uvk MNt eh t uG VI) a nCa ey Ig R t UveF VIk a rv a yté m øk m µv iF I

CMh a n CMh a n CMh a n CMh a n 2222 ³³³³ eR CIs erIs v iF Isa ®s þva yté møeR CIs erIs v iF Isa ®s þva yté møeR CIs erIs v iF Isa ®s þva yté møeR CIs erIs v iF Isa ®s þva yté mø k a rva yt émøk m µviF IbNþ úHb Nþa lT a Mg b Ynk R m itrbs k a reqøIytb k a rs ik Sa

CMh a n CMh a n CMh a n CMh a n 3333 ³³³³ b eg áItb eg áItb eg áItb eg áIt ]]]] bk r Nbk r Nbk r Nbk r N b Ba ¢Ws MN Yr

et sm un¼eR k a yv KÁ k a rG eg át elIplb:HB a l

CMh a n CMh a n CMh a n CMh a n 4444 ³³³³ k a rR bm UlT in ñn ½yk a rR bm UlT in ñn ½yk a rR bm UlT in ñn ½yk a rR bm UlT in ñn ½y et IR bm UlT inñn ½ yeda y reb o bNa en AeB lNa eda ynrNa

CMh a n CMh a n CMh a n CMh a n 5555 ³³³³ viPa K n ig eF VIrviPa K n ig eF VIrviPa K n ig eF VIrviPa K n ig eF VIr )))) k a rviP a KT in ñn½ yv a yté m ø k a reFVIr) a yk a rN_



a Mé nk a rv a yté m øk a rbNþúH b N þa la Mé nk a rv a yté m øk a rbNþúH b N þa la Mé nk a rv a yté m øk a rbNþúH b N þa la Mé nk a rv a yté m øk a rbNþúH b N þa l

eKG a c E bg E ck dMeNI rk a ré nk a rv a yt émøk a rbNþúHbN þa lCa R ) a MCMh a n dUc xa geR k am e XIj n Uve Ka lb MNg én k a rva yté mø eR CIserIs v i F Is a ®s þénk a rva yt ém ø beg áIt

v a yté m ø R bm UlT inñ n ½y n ig v iPa K n ig eF VI r) a yk arN_lT æp l .

e X Ij n Uv eK alb MNg é nk a rv a yté m øe X Ij n Uv eK alb MNg é nk a rv a yté m øe X Ij n Uv eK alb MNg é nk a rv a yté m øe X Ij n Uv eK alb MNg é nk a rv a yté m ø m unnwg beg áItR bB næ½v a yté m ø eKR t Uv k MNt ;e Ka lb MNg én k a rv a yté mø

a nCa eyIg R tUv eF VIk a rva yt ém øk m µv iF I ?

eR CIs er Isv iF Isa ®s þva yté møeR CIs er Isv iF Isa ®s þva yté møeR CIs er Isv iF Isa ®s þva yté møeR CIs er Isv iF Isa ®s þva yté mø k a rv a yté møk m µv iF IbNþ úHb Nþa lT a Mg b Ynk R m itrbs ; Kirkpatrick

k a rs ik Sa \riy a bT nig l T æpl

bk r Nbk r Nbk r Nbk r N __ __ v a yt é m øv a yt é m øv a yt é m øv a yt é m ø

ets m un¼eR k a yvKÁ HB a l;

k a rRb m UlT in ñn ½yk a rRb m UlT in ñn ½yk a rRb m UlT in ñn ½yk a rRb m UlT in ñn ½y et IR bm UlT in ñn ½ yeda y reb o bNa en AeB lNa eda ynrNa ?

)))) a yk a rNa yk a rNa yk a rNa yk a rN __ __ lT æpllT æpllT æpllT æpl k a rv iPa KT in ñn ½ yva yté m ø

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a MCMh a n dUc xa geR k am ³ n k a rv a yté mø eR CIserIs v i F Isa ® s þénk a rv a yté m ø b eg áIt] bk rN_



CMhanCMhanCMhanCMhan1111³ ³ ³ ³ rkrkrkrk[[[[eXIjnUveKalbMNgénkarvaytémø eXIjnUveKalbMNgénkarvaytémø eXIjnUveKalbMNgénkarvaytémø eXIjnUveKalbMNgénkarvaytémø

eh t uG VIeh t uG VIeh t uG VIeh t uG VI )))) a nC a e yIg c ga nC a e yIg c ga nC a e yIg c ga nC a e yIg c g ;; ;; eF VIk a rv a yté m øk m µv iF Ib NþúH b N þal eF VIk a rv a yté m øk m µv iF Ib NþúH b N þal eF VIk a rv a yté m øk m µv iF Ib NþúH b N þal eF VIk a rv a yté m øk m µv iF Ib NþúH b N þal

m unnwg beg áIt R bB næ½v a yté m ø eyIg R t Uvk MNtk a rv a yté møn wg m a npl b

e rons UR t BIb TB iesa Fe dIme rons UR t BIb TB iesa Fe dIme rons UR t BIb TB iesa Fe dIme rons UR t BIb TB iesa Fe dImm Uleh t uE dlsa m B aØb Mp utk ñúg ka rva yt ém øk mµviF IbN þú Hb Nþa lG a c k MNtbNþú HbNþa le dIm ,IE k l m ¥k m µv iF Ina eB lG na Kt Biesa Fnk ñúg k mµv iF IbNþ úHb Nþa lk nøg m k eyIg R bE h lCa c g;dwg f aE pm Yyénk m µv iF IbNþ úHbN þa lTT Ylm YyEdlm i nT T Yl) a neCa KC½ y rWpøa s;b þÚrn Uv v iF IbNþ úHb Nþa lrW e T Biesa FTa Mg enHe dIm , IeF VIE pn k a rk m µviF IbNþú H bNþa l

eKa l b MNg R t UveKa l b MNg R t UveKa l b MNg R t UveKa l b MNg R t Uv )))) a nrk e X Ij e da yR k um k a rg a ra nrk e X Ij e da yR k um k a rg a ra nrk e X Ij e da yR k um k a rg a ra nrk e X Ij e da yR k um k a rg a rR kum k a rg a r G >r>m )E dl Rk um ka rg a reF VIE pnk a r nig G nuv t þsR m a brdæ) a lm Ul dæa n .

k MNt ;f a et IeKa lb MNg énk a rb Nþú HbN þa lseR m c

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eXIjnUveKalbMNgénkarvaytémø eXIjnUveKalbMNgénkarvaytémø eXIjnUveKalbMNgénkarvaytémø eXIjnUveKalbMNgénkarvaytémø

eF VIk a rva yt é m øk m µv iF Ib NþúH b N þal eF VIk a rva yt é m øk m µv iF Ib NþúH b N þal eF VIk a rva yt é m øk m µv iF Ib NþúH b N þal eF VIk a rva yt é m øk m µv iF Ib NþúH b N þal ????

m unn wg b eg áItR bB n æ½v a yt ém ø eyIg R tUv k MNt ;B IeKa lb M N g é nka rv a ytém øs in k a rva yt émøn wg m a np lb :HB a l ;elIR bePT T in ñn ½y nig viF I sa ®s þR bmUl T in ñn ½y .

e ro ns UR tB IbT B iesa F e dIme ro ns UR tB IbT B iesa F e dIme ro ns UR tB IbT B iesa F e dIme ro ns UR tB IbT B iesa F e dIm ,,,, IE k lm ¥G na KtIE k lm ¥G na KtIE k lm ¥G na KtIE k lm ¥G na Kt m Ul eht uE dlsa m B a Øb Mput k ñúg k a rv a yt ém øk mµviF IbN þú HbNþa lG a c k MNt ;B IR bsiT æPa B énk mµv iF I

IEk lm ¥k m µv iF Ina eB lG na Kt . k a rv aytém øG a c CY ye yIg [k mµv iF Ib Nþ úHb Nþa lk n øg m k .] Ta h rN_ ³

dwg f aE pñk Na m Yyé nk m µv iF IbNþ úHbN þa lT T Yl) a neCa KC½ y eh IyEp ñk Na

a neCa K C½ y rWf a et IeyIg ca M) a c ;R t Uv eF VI k a r b þÚrn Uv v iF Ib Nþ úHb Nþa lrW e T . eyIg G a c eR bIR ) a s;n Uvb T

IeF VIE pn k a rk m µv iF IbNþú H bNþa l [R bes Ir .

a nrk e XIj e da yR k um k a rg a ra nrk e XIj e da yR k um k a rg a ra nrk e XIj e da yR k um k a rg a ra nrk e XIj e da yR k um k a rg a r GGGG >>>> rrrr >>>> mmmm ) a nr k eXIj n U v eKa lb M Ng xa g eRk a m sþIB Ik a rv a yt ém øk m µviF IbNþú HbNþa l

E dlR k um k a rga reF VIE pnk a r n ig G n uvt þsR m a b;m ®n þI r a Ck a rsaF a rN³ EdlT TYlx u sR t Uv elIE pñk

f a etIeKa lb MNg énk a rbNþú Hb N þa lseR m c) a nrWeT .

6

B IeKa l b M N g é nk a rva yt ém øs in . eKa lb MNg én .

B IR bsiT æPa B é nk mµv iF I [s ik Sa BIbT

a nr k eXIj n U veKa lb MNg xa g eRk a m s þIB Ik a rva yté m øk m µv iF Ib NþúHbNþa l E dlT TYlx u sR t Uv elIE pñk


7

K e R m ag E kl m¥K e R m ag E kl m¥K e R m ag E kl m¥K e R m ag E kl m¥ r dær dær dær dæ )))) a lm Ul dæa ne n Akma lm Ul dæa ne n Akma lm Ul dæa ne n Akma lm Ul dæa ne n Akm << << úCaúCaúCaúCa R ks Ygm h aé p Þ nig T IP Ja kR ks Ygm h aé p Þ nig T IP Ja kR ks Ygm h aé p Þ nig T IP Ja kR ks Ygm h aé p Þ nig T IP Ja k ;; ;; g ar s h R bt ibt þik ar Gn þrCa t iR be T s Cbg ar s h R bt ibt þik ar Gn þrCa t iR be T s Cbg ar s h R bt ibt þik ar Gn þrCa t iR be T s Cbg ar s h R bt ibt þik ar Gn þrCa t iR be T s Cb :: :: unununun

e so v ePA Ee so v ePA Ee so v ePA Ee so v ePA E Nn aMs þIB Ikar v ay tém økar bN þúH bNþa lNn aMs þIB Ikar v ay tém økar bN þúH bNþa lNn aMs þIB Ikar v ay tém økar bN þúH bNþa lNn aMs þIB Ikar v ay tém økar bN þúH bNþa l

Bin it üem Ilf a et ICMna j n i g cMeNH dwg E dlTT Yl) a nkñú g k a rbNþúHbN þa lR t Uv) a neK G nuv t þ eda yreb o bNa .

eF VIk a r) a :n;R b m a NelIlT æpl n ig plb:HB a l;na na elIk m µv iF IbN þú HbNþa l

eF VIk a r) a :n;R b m a NB IR bs iTæiP a B énk m µviF IbNþú Hb N þa l

eF VIk a r) a :n;R b m a Nfa et Ik m µv iF IbNþú HbNþa l Rt Uv ) a neKG n u vt þ) anR t wm R tUv E drrWeT .

b B aða K Nen yüPa Bb B aða K Nen yüPa Bb B aða K Nen yüPa Bb B aða K Nen yüPa B KNe nyüPa B G a c Ca mUl e ht um Yyk ñúg k a rva yt émøk m µviF IbNþ úHb Nþal . k a rv a yt ém øGa cb egáI n n Uv KNen yüP a B rbs ;PJa k;g a rG nuv t þ na na c MeB a HG ñk Ba k ;B n æ½na na . k rNIR k um k a rg a r G >r>m eKG a c B Rgwg KNe nyüPa B) a nk ñúg na m Ca PaJk ;g a rbNþú HbNþa l m Y y eda y ra yk a rN_B IlT æplé nk a rv a ytém ø k m µv iF IbNþ úHb Nþa l na na dl;R k s Yg m ha é pÞ n ig JICA .

m Ul eh t uep Sgm Ul eh t uep Sgm Ul eh t uep Sgm Ul eh t uep Sg ²²²² é nk a rva yt é m øé nk a rva yt é m øé nk a rva yt é m øé nk a rva yt é m ø

k m µv iF IbNþú HbNþa ln im Y y²G a c m a neKa lb MNg é nk a rv ayté m ø ep Sg ²B IKña G a R s ½yelIe Ka l b MNg m at ik a sik ça ka m n ig k kþa ep Sg²na na . dUcenH Gñk beg áItk a r k a rv a yt émøG a ceF VIk a rE kt Rm Uvk m µviF IbNþ úHb Nþa ln im Y y²ed Im ,I [Rt Uvn wg eKa l b M Ng é nk a rva y t ém øCa k ;la k; . ]T a h rN_ xøH²E dlT a k;T g n wg k a rv ayté m øk m µv iF IbN þú HbNþa l m a nbg ða jCUn dUc xa g eR ka m ³

k MNt ;eCa K C½ yk ñg k a rseR mc) a neKa lb MNg énk m µv iF I rk [e XIjn Uv cM Nu c x øa Mg nig cMNu c e xSa yk ñg dMeN Irk a rG Piv DÆFnFa nm n us S eR b o beF ob ka rc MNa yna na n ig G t þR beya Cn_énk m µv iF IG Piv DÆFnFa nm n us S seR m c f a nrNa KYrc U lrYm k ñú g km µv iF IbNþú HbN þa lna eB lG na Kt sa k l ,gB IPaB c,a s;la s ; n ig Rt wm R t Uv énet s þ k rNIs i k Sa nig lMh a t;na na rk [e XIjf a et Is ik ça k a m Na E dleCa K C½yb Mputk ñg k mµv i F Ib Nþú Hb Nþa l

k MNt ;f a et Ik m µv iF IenHCa dM eda HR sa ysm R s bc MeB a HtRm Uv k a rCa k;E s þg rWeT . beg áIt R bB næ½ Database E dlG a c CY yR Kb;R Kg kñúg k a reF VIesc k þIs eR m cc it þ .


8



R b PB³ Handbook of Training Evaluation and Measurement Methods

Ék sa re ya gÉk sa re ya gÉk sa re ya gÉk sa re ya g ³³³³ � “Chapter 2 Reasons for Evaluating” (p.16-p.20) Evaluating

Training Programs: The Four Levels.

� “Developing a Results-Based Approach” (p.36-p.38) Handbook of

Training Evaluation and Measurement Methods.

� “1. Overview of Evaluation” (p.1-p.p.11) Building Evaluation

Capacity.



CMhanCMhanCMhanCMhan2222³ ³ ³ ³ eRCIsersIviFIsa®sþvaytémøeRCIsersIviFIsa®sþvaytémøeRCIsersIviFIsa®sþvaytémøeRCIsersIviFIsa®sþvaytémø

k a rva yt é møT a Mg b Ynk R m itk a rva yt é møT a Mg b Ynk R m itk a rva yt é møT a Mg b Ynk R m itk a rva yt é møT a Mg b Ynk R m it

k a rv a yté møTa Mg bYnk R m it KWCa v iF Isa ®s þd¾s a m Ba Øb Mput EdleKeR b IRbNþa l .k Rm itTa Mgb YnlMda bL.Kirkpatrick Ca sa ®sþc a rük it þiysé ns a k lv iT üa l½y k eKyk eT AeR bIR ) a s;k ñúg R k um h ‘unÉ k Cne dIm) a neKyk m k G n uvt þk ñúg k mµvi F IbNþú HR btib t þik a rG n þrCa t ié nRb eTsCbCMh a n³ ¬1 ¦k a req øI ytb

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 3 : \\\\ r iy a bfr iy a bfr iy a bfr iy a bf

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 2 : k a r ero nk a r ero nk a r ero nk a r ero n

k Rm itk Rm itk Rm itk Rm it 1 : k a req øIyt bk a req øIyt bk a req øIyt bk a req øIyt b

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 4 : l T §pll T §pll T §pll T §pl

3333



eRCIsersIviFIsa®sþvaytémøeRCIsersIviFIsa®sþvaytémøeRCIsersIviFIsa®sþvaytémøeRCIsersIviFIsa®sþvaytémø

k a rva yt émøT a Mg b Ynk R m itKWCa v iF Isa ®s þd ¾sa m Ba Øb Mput E dleKeR b IR) a s;edIm , Iv a yté m ø k m µv iF IbNþú H k R m itTa Mgb YnlMda b;é nk a rva yté m ø KWC a É k sa redIm rbs;el a k

Ca sa ®sþc a rük it þiysé nsa k lv iT üa l½y k Wisconsin . Ts SnaT a nenHR t Uvkñúg R kum h ‘unÉk Cne dIm , Iva yté m øB Ik m µv iF IbN þú HbNþa lrbs

a neKyk m k G n uv t þk ñúg k mµv i F IbNþú HbNþa l eRk a m Ke Rm a g CMnY ybec ©k eT srbsR b tibt þik a rG n þrCa t iénR beT sCb:un (JICA) . ta m eKalKM nit rbs; Ka t; k a rk sag sm t ßPa B m an

¦k a req øI yt b/ ¬2¦ k a rero n ¬3 ¦ \ ri ya bf n ig ¬4¦l T §pl .

l T §p ll T §p ll T §p ll T §p l

et Is iik ça k a mm a nk a rEk ER b \ri ya bf dUc em þc xø H bn Þa b;B I) a nc Ulr Ym v KÁb NþúHb Nþa l enH ?

et Im a nG VIek IteLIg E dlCa l T §p leR k a ybB a ©b

et Is iik ça k a m) a nero nB IG VIxøH ?

et Is iik ça k a mm a nk a req øIytbya :g dUc em þc eT An wg k m µv iF IbNþú HbNþa l ?

9

Iv a ytém ø k m µviF IbNþú H ela k Donald

T s SnaTa nenHR t Uv) a n k m µviF IbN þú Hb Nþa lrbs; xø Ün bn Þa b;m k Rt Uv

bNþa leR k a m KeR m ag CMn Y ybec ©k eTs rbs;T IP Ja k ;g a rsh k a rk s agsm t ßPaB m an

ri ya b f dUcem þc xøH

et Im a nG VIek IteLIg E dlCa l T §pleR k a ybB a ©b;vKÁ ?


10



k a rva yt émøen Ak ñúg k R mit enHK Wva s;E v g B Ireb o bE dls ik ça k a m eq øIyt bc MeB a Hk m µv iF Ib Nþú Hb Nþa . Ca k a rR b esIrNa s ; k ñúg k a rTT Yl) a nk a req øIyv i C¢m a n .eT a Hb ICa k a req øIytb vi C¢m a nG a cm in R ) ak df aT TYl) a nc MeN Hdwg ena HeT . Rb es ineb Is ik ça ka m min) a neq øI y tb l¥eTena H BYk eKn wg m inR t Uv ) a neKel Ik T wk cit þkñúg k a rero n . “k a req øIytb k a rv a yté m øKW dUc Kña E dr KW v a yté m øB Ik a rvayt ém øB Ik a reB j cit þrbs;G t if iCn . k ar b Nþú HbNþa lE dl m a nR b s iT æP aB s Mxa n; KWs ik ça k am eq øIytb ) a nl ¥cMeB a Hk a rbNþúH bNþa lena H . eb Im ind Uec ña He TKWB Yk eKm inR t U v) a neKe l Ik T wk c it þk ñúg k a rsik Sa .”

Kirkpatrick (2006) Evaluating Training Programs

Úk a rva yt ém øk ñúgk R mit enHKWv a s ;E vg BIv isa lP a B E dls ik ça ka m p øa s;b þÚr \r iya bT ek IneL Ig c MeN H dwg nig ¼rW ek Ine LIg n Uv CM na jeda ys a rE tc UlrYm k m µv iF I bNþú HbNþa l . R bes ineb I k a rpøa s;b þÚr Ca k a rpøa s;b þÚr \r iya bT ena H va R t Uvm a nk a rpøa s;b þÚrc Mn Y n m Yy rW ep Sg eT otekIt eLIg .

k a rva yt émøk ñúg k R mit enHv a s;E v g B Ivis a lPa B E dl s ik çak a m) a npøa s;b þÚr \r iya bT rbs;xø Ün eda ysa rE t ) a nc UlrYm k m µvi F Ib Nþú Hb Nþa l . m a nl½k çx½ NÐ c Mn Ynb Ynek Ite LIg edIm ,I [m a n k a rpøa s;b þÚr e na HKW ³

s ik ça k a m Rt Uv m a ncit þcg ;pøa s ;b þÚr

s ik ça k a m Rt Uv dwg f a R tUv eF VIG V I eh IyeF V Ieda y reb o bNa

s ik ça k a m Rt Uv eF VIk a rkñúg b riya k a ssm R sb

s ik ça k a m Rt Uv ) a neKp þl;k a r sres Irc MeB a Hk a rpøa s;b þÚr

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 3333 ³ ³ ³ ³ \\\\ riy a b Triy a b Triy a b Triy a b T

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 2222 ³ ³ ³ ³ k a rero nk a rero nk a rero nk a rero n

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 1111 ³ ³ ³ ³ k a req øIy tbk a req øIy tbk a req øIy tbk a req øIy tb


11



ka rv a ytém økñúg k R mitenHKW edIm ,I va s;E vg B IlT æplc ug eR k a yE dlek IteLIg eda ysa rE t s ik ça ka m )a ncUlrYm k m µviF Ib Nþú Hb Nþa l . ] Ta h rN_n a na énlT æplc ug eR k a yrYm m a n k a rek In eLIg n Uv plit k m µ ka rek IneLIg n Uv Ku NPa B k a rekIneL I g n Uvt ém ø . sUm k t; sm Áa l; f a lT æplTaMg enH KW Ca m Uleh t u xø Hénk a rb eg áItk mµv iF IbNþ úHb Nþa l .

k a rv a yté møK Mr Ue p Sgk a rv a yté møK Mr Ue p Sgk a rv a yté møK Mr Ue p Sgk a rv a yté møK Mr Ue p Sg ²²²²

xa g eRk a m enHKW Ca KM rUé nk a rva yt ém ø nig viF Isa ®s þna na xøHE dlero bra b;B Ik a rva yt émø (“5. Evaluation Models, Approaches, and Designs” Building Evaluation

Capacity)

v iF Is av iF Is av iF Is av iF Is a s þTa ks þTa ks þTa ks þTa k ;; ;; Tg nwg eKTg nwg eKTg nwg eKTg nwg eK a lb MNga lb MNga lb MNga lb MNg \\\\ riy a bTriy a bTriy a bTriy a bT (Behavioral Objectives Approach)

epþa t elIk R m itE dleKa ledA na na rb s;k mµv iF IR t UvseR m c ) a n s MNY rKn øw HKW “et Ik m µv iF IbNþ ú HbNþa l m a nl k çN³E bbN a c MeB a HG ñk d¾é Tep Sg eT o t”

k a req øIyt bk a rv a yté m øk a req øIyt bk a rv a yté m øk a req øIyt bk a rv a yté m øk a req øIyt bk a rv a yté m ø (Responsive Evaluation)

G ñk eF VIk a rva yt ém øT TYlxus R t Uv elIt Rm Uvk a rB½t ’m a nna narbs ;G ñk c Uls þa b ; nig G ñk B a k;B næ½ na na

s MNY rKn øw HKW “et Ik m µv iF IbNþ ú HbNþa l m a nl k çN³E bbN a c MeB a HG ñk d¾é Tep Sg eT o t”

k a rv a yté møe l IeK a lb MN gk a rv a yté møe l IeK a lb MN gk a rv a yté møe l IeK a lb MN gk a rv a yté møe l IeK a lb MN g (Goal-Free Evaluation)

epþa t elIlT æp l Ca k ;E s þg eRc In Ca g lTæp lr MB wg Tuk s MNY rKn øw HKW “et Im a nplb :HB a l;G VIx øHelIk m µviF I”

Expertise/Accreditation ApproachesExpertise/Accreditation ApproachesExpertise/Accreditation ApproachesExpertise/Accreditation Approaches

eKa lb MNg K WedIm ,Ip þ l;n Uv CMna jvin ic ä ½ye l I Ku NPa B rbs;k m µviF Ina na eda ye ya g el ITs Sn³ Ék eT sna na .

s MNY rKn øw HKW “et IG ñk CMna j k a rN_c a t;f ña k;k m µviF IenH y:a g dUc em þc ?”

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 4444 ³ ³ ³ ³ lT æp llT æp llT æp llT æp l


12



k a rv a yt é møe da ym a nk a rc Ul r Ym ¼k a rsh k a rNk a rv a yt é møe da ym a nk a rc Ul r Ym ¼k a rsh k a rNk a rv a yt é møe da ym a nk a rc Ul r Ym ¼k a rsh k a rNk a rv a yt é møe da ym a nk a rc Ul r Ym ¼k a rsh k a rN _ _ _ _ ¬¬¬¬Participatory/Collaborative Evaluation)

epþa t eT AelIk a rcUlrYm rb s; G ñk Ba k ;B n æ½k ñúg dMeNIrk a r va yt ém ødUc enHeKG a c yl; k a rv a y té m øka n;E tc ,a s ; eh Iyk m µviF IR t Uv ) a ne Kc a b;e p þIm eF VIk a rv a yté m ø eh Iyc ug eR k a yeKeR b I R ) a s;lT æp lk ñúg k a rv a ytém ø edIm ,Ies ñIeF V Iesc k þIseR m c c it þ .

s MNY rcb ,g KW “et ItR m Uv k a rB ½t ’m a nG VIx øHE d lTa k;T g nwg k m µv iF I ?”

k a rs ik Sa B IG gÁPa B k a rs ik Sa B IG gÁPa B k a rs ik Sa B IG gÁPa B k a rs ik Sa B IG gÁPa B ((((Organizational Learning)

s Um Kitf a ka rv a yté m øKW Ca sk mµP a B sg Ám m YyE dl k a rv a yt ém øR t Uv) a neKbeg áIt eLIg eda ym a nk a ryl;R B m B Ism a Cik G g ÁP aB .

s MNY rKn øw H KW “et Ib uKÁ l Rk um nig Gg ÁPa B T UeT Ana na ma ntR mUv k a relIB ½t ’m a n n igk a rs ik Sa G VIxøH ?”

=

Ék sa re ya gÉk sa re ya gÉk sa re ya gÉk sa re ya g ³³³³ � “Chapter 3 The Four Levels: An Overview” (p.21-p.26) Evaluating

Training Programs: The Four Levels.

� “Chapter 4 A Result-Based HRD Model” (p.51-p.65) Handbook of

Training Evaluation and Measurement Methods.

� “5. Evaluation Models, Approaches, and Designs” (p.101-p.180)

Building Evaluation Capacity.

K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥K e R m ag E k lm¥ r dær dær dær dæ )))) a lm Ul dæa ne nAk ma lm Ul dæa ne nAk ma lm Ul dæa ne nAk ma lm Ul dæa ne nAk m << << úCaúCaúCaúCa R k sYgm h a ép Þ nigT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ nigT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ nigT IP JakR k sYgm h a ép Þ nigT IP Jak ;; ;; g a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C bg a rs hR b tibt þik a rGn þrC a t iR b eT s C b


CMhanCMhanCMhanCMhan3333³ ³ ³ ³ karbegáItkarbegáItkarbegáItkarbegáIt

]]]] bk rNbk rNbk rNbk rN __ __ va yté møna nava yté møna nava yté møna nava yté møna na m a n] bk rN_va yt ém øna na E dlG a c eR CIse rIs

TR m gTR m gTR m gTR m g ;; ;; b B a ¢Ws MNYrb B a ¢Ws MNYrb B a ¢Ws MNYrb B a ¢Ws MNYr k a rG eg átk a rG eg átk a rG eg átk a rG eg át

ets þets þets þets þ k a rsm Öa s nk a rsm Öa s nk a rsm Öa s nk a rsm Öa s n__ __ k a rB iP a k Sa Rk um eKa l e dAk a rB iP a k Sa Rk um eKa l e dAk a rB iP a k Sa Rk um eKa l e dAk a rB iP a k Sa Rk um eKa l e dA k a rseg átk a rseg átk a rseg átk a rseg át

k MNtk MNtk MNtk MNt ;; ;; eh t uep Sgeh t uep Sgeh t uep Sgeh t uep SgcMeB a Hk m µv iF IbNþú HbNþa l Ed lm a neKa ledAsR m a b) a neKeR b Ik ñúg “k Rm it 12³ k a rero n” nig k a rG eg átpl b“kR m it 4³ l Tæp l”

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 1111 ³³³³ k a req øIyt bk a req øIyt bk a req øIyt bk a req øIyt b

bBa ¢Ws MNY r

4444



karbegáItkarbegáItkarbegáItkarbegáIt]]]]bkrNbkrNbkrNbkrN____vaytémøvaytémøvaytémøvaytémø

v a yté m øna na EdlG a c eR CIse rIs) a nG a R s ½yelI eKa l b M Ng n ig viF Isa ®s þé nk a rva yt ém ø

bB a ¢Ws MN YrbB a ¢Ws MN YrbB a ¢Ws MN YrbB a ¢Ws MN Yr

k a rsm Öa s nk a rsm Öa s nk a rsm Öa s nk a rsm Öa s n __ __ k a rB iPa k Sa Rk um eK a le dAk a rB iPa k Sa Rk um eK a le dAk a rB iPa k Sa Rk um eK a le dAk a rB iPa k Sa Rk um eK a le dA

eh t uep Sgeh t uep Sgeh t uep Sgeh t uep Sg ²²²²

c MeB a Hk m µviF IbNþú Hb Nþa lE d lm a neKa le dAsR m a b ;m ®n þIrdæ) a lm Uldæa n . 1 ³ k a reqøIytb” ets þm unv KÁ¼ eR k a yvKÁG a c Rt Uv )a neKeR b Ik ñúg

n ig k a rG eg átp lb:HB a l;G a cR t Uv) a neKeR b Ik ñúg “kR mit 3” .

k a req øIy t bk a req øIy t bk a req øIy t bk a req øIy t b k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 2222 ³³³³ k a rs ik Sak a rs ik Sak a rs ik Sak a rs ik Sa k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 3333k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it

bB a ¢Ws MNY r et s þm un¼eR k a yv KÁ k a rG eg átp lb

13

a nGa Rs ½yel IeKa lb MNg n ig v iF Isa ® s þénk a rv a yté m ø .

. bB a ¢Ws MNYrG a c R t Uv a neKeR b Ik ñúg “k R mit

3 ³ \r iya bT” nig

k Rm itk Rm itk Rm itk Rm it 3333 ³³³³ \\\\ riy a bT n igriy a bT n igriy a bT n igriy a bT n ig k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 4444 ³³³³ lT æp llT æp llT æp llT æp l

k a rG eg át plb :HB a l;



CMh a nTa Mg 5 énk a rb eg áIt bBa ¢Ws MNY r

bB a ¢Ws MNY rR bE h lCa TR mgsR m a b;k a rva yt émøB Ik a req øI yt brbs

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 1111 ³ ³ ³ ³ k MNtk MNtk MNtk MNt ;; ;; G VIE dle y Igc gG VIE dle y Igc gG VIE dle y Igc gG VIE dle y Igc g

CMh a nd Mb Ug é nk a rbeg áItb Ba ¢Ws MNY rK Wk MNtG a R s ½yel I

xøwm sa r³ et I xø wm sa rsm R sbE drrWeT sm Öa r³ et Ism a Ör³ v iF Isa ®s þbeR g o n R KU]eT Þs ¼G ñk sR m b sR mYl elIk T wk c it þk ñúgk a rs ik Sa

E drrWeT?

Pa B Ca b;Ta k ;Tg n wgk m µviF I k R mit yl;dwg ³ et IG ñk yl eB levl a ³ et Iry esv a rW] bk rN_na na k a rv a yté møCa rYm k a rEk lm ¥E pnka r



b Ba ¢Ws MNYrR b Eh lCa T R mg ;d¾sa m B aØb Mput énk a rv a yté m øk m µv iF Ina na . eKG a c beg áItbB a¢k a rv a yté møB Ik a reqøI ytbrb s ;s ik ça k am ta m CMh a nT aMg5 xa g eRka m ³

G VIE dle yIg cgG VIE dle yIg cgG VIE dle yIg cgG VIE dle yIg cg ;; ;; rkrkrkrk

CMh a ndMb Ug énk a rbegáIt bBa ¢Ws MNY rKWk MNt ;n U vB ½t ’m a nna na E dl eyIg cg ;s ik Sa

et I xø wm sa rsm R sbE drrWeT ?

et Is m a Ör³ na na s Mxa n ;E drrWeT?

viF Isa ®s þbeR g o n³ et Iv iF Isa ® s þb eR g o nsmR sbE drrWeT?

eT Þs ¼G ñk sR m bsR mYl³ et IR KU] eT Þs ¼G ñk sR m bsRm Yl m a nRb s iT æP aB E drrWeTelIk T wk c it þk ñúg k a rs ik Sa ³ et IG ñk Rt Uv)a neKelI k T wk c it þk ñúg ka rs ik Sa nUvx øwm sa rna na

Tg n wg k m µv iF I³ et Ik mµv iF Im a nPa B Ca b;T ak ;Tgn wg tR mUv k a rE drrWeTet IG ñk yl;B Ixøwm sa rEd rrWeT?

et Iry³ eB lk m µv iF Ism R sb E drrWeT ?

na na ³ et Iesv a n ig] bk rN_na na k ñúg ka rbNþú Hb Nþa lsm R sb EdrrW eTk a rv a yté møCa rYm ³ et IG ñk v a ytém øCa r Ym elIk m µviF Iya :g dUc em þc ?

k a rEk lm ¥E p nka r³ et IG ñk nwg eR bIR ) a s;n Uv G VIE dlG ñk ) a ns ik Sa y:a g dUc em þc

14

eKG a c beg áIt bB a¢ Ws MN Yr

s ik Sa . B ½tm a nc a M) a c;

eT Þs ¼G ñk sR m bsRm Ylm a nR bs iT æPaB E drrWeT ?

a neKelI k T wk cit þk ñúg ka rs ik Sa nUv x øwm sa rna na

T gn wg t R mUvk a rE drrWeT ?

kñúg ka rbNþúHbNþa lsm R sbE drrW eT?

a g dUc em þc?



s MNY rRt Uv ) a neKbeg áIten AeB l eR k a y bs eg çb edIm ,I[eKG a c ca t

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 2222 ³ ³ ³ ³ eR CIs erIs R be PTs MN Yr na naeR CIs erIs R be PTs MN Yr na naeR CIs erIs R be PTs MN Yr na naeR CIs erIs R be PTs MN Yr na na

CMh a nT I2k ñúg k a rbegáIt s MNY rK WeRCIs erBIE p ñk F M²³ s M NYreb Ik n ig s MNYrb iT

s MNY reb Ik ³s MN Yreb Ik m a nc em øI ym ink MNts MNY reb Ik p þl; »k a sepSg ²Kña E dlB i) a k kñ úg ka rv iPa K

et Ixø wm s a rE pñk Na m Yyé nk m µv iF IbNþ úHb Nþa l EdlG ñk ca b et IG ñk Kitf a eyIg G a c Ek lm ¥xøwm sa rk m µviF Ib Nþú Hb N þa leda yreb o bNa

m üa :g v ij eT o t sMNY reb Ik k ¾G a c s Yrs MNY reb Ik eR c Ind Uc xa g eR k am

c em øIyE d lm a nC eR m IsB Irc em øIyE d lm a nC eR m IsB Irc em øIyE d lm a nC eR m IsB Irc em øIyE d lm a nC eR m IsB Ir

) a T -eT Bit - m inB it n ig yl

et IG ñk c Ulc it þk m µviF Ib Nþú Hb Nþa lE drrWeT



a neKbeg áIt enAeB leR k a y b:uE n þva m a ns a rs Mxa n;k ñúg k a rbeg áIt s MNYrTa Mg ena Hk ñúg T Rm geKGa cc a t;Ca R kum n Uv s M NY rE dl Ta k;Tg Kña .

eR CIs er IsR be P Ts MN Yr na naeR CIs er IsR be P Ts MN Yr na naeR CIs er IsR be P Ts MN Yr na naeR CIs er IsR be P Ts MN Yr na na

k ñúg k a rbeg áIts MNYrK WeR CIs erIs Rb ePTs MN Yrna na . s MNY rE dlR t Uv s Y rG a c E bg E ck Ca nig s MNYrb iT .

s MN Yreb Ik m a nc em øI ym ink MNt ; . s M NY rs Yreda ym a n T uk c en øa HsR m a b»k a s[s ik ça ka m b eB a©j n Uv Ts Sn³ rbs;xø Ün . s ik ça k a m b eB a©j n Uv Ts Sn

g ka rv iPa K . xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca ] Ta h rN_xø H² E d lT a k;

et Ixø wm sa rE p ñk Na m Yyénk m µv iF Ib Nþ úHb Nþa lE dlG ñk ca b;G a rm µN_ Ca g eK eyIg G a c Ek lm ¥xøwm sa rk m µviF Ib Nþú Hb N þa leda yreb o bNa?

g vij eT o t s MNYreb Ik k ¾G a c s Yr[eq ø Iy n Uv c em øI yb I rWb YnB Ik ñúg ta ra g pg E drs MNY reb Ik eR c Ind Uc xa g eR kam ³

c em øIy E d lm a nCeR m IsB Irc em øIy E d lm a nCeR m IsB Irc em øIy E d lm a nCeR m IsB Irc em øIy E d lm a nCeR m IsB Ir ³ ³ ³ ³ G ñk eq øIyG a c er Isn U vc em ø I ym Yyk ñ úg CeR m Isc Mn YrB Ir

m inB it n ig yl;R s b - m iny l;R sb . xa g eRk a m enHKW Ca

et IG ñk c Ulcit þk m µv iF Ib Nþú Hb Nþa lE drr WeT?

) a T¼c a+ ✓ eT

15

k ñúg k a rb eg áIts MNYrTa Mg e na Hk ñúg TRmg ;

s MNY rE dlR t Uv s Y rG a cE b g E ck Ca

s M NYr s Yreda ym a n T uk cen øa HsR m a b;eq øI y . s ik ça k a m beB a©j n UvT s Sn³

E d lTa k ;Tg nwg s MNYreb Ik ³

Ca g eK ?

?

eq ø Iy nUv c em øI yb I rWb YnB Ik ñúg ta rag pg Edr . m a nR bePT

G ñk eqøIyG a c er Isn U vc em ø I ym Yyk ñúg CeR m Is cMn YrB Ir . dUc Ca

xa g eRk a m enHKW Ca] Ta h rN_ ³


16



k MNt;Ca G R tak R mitú³ eKs Yr [eR CIse rIsn Uv cem øI yE dlsm R sb b Mput E dlq øú Hb B a©aMg B I Ts Sn³ rbs;B Yk eKeda yerI s nUv k R m it na na . k R mitna na ena HG a c Ca cMn Y n ¬] > el x 1dl; 10 ¦ r WCa B a k ü ¬] > yl;R sbT a Mg R sug rh Utdl; m in yl ;R sbT aMg R sug ¦ . xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca ] Ta hrN _³

k a rv a ytém øeda y Checklist: m a nta ra g na na E dl eKs Yr [KUs nUv c em øI yE dlR t U vn wg

s ßa nPa B . xag eRk am enHKW Ca ] Ta h rN_³

k a rv a yt ém øeda yk Rm itf ña k ;na na ³ t R mUv[s ik ça k a mk Rm itf ña k;en Ak ñú g ta rag Edlm a nb B a¢W na na . xa g eRka m enHKW Ca] T a h rN_ ³

s Um eR CIse rIsn Uv cem ø Iym Yy BIt a ra g xag eRk am enHE dlG ñ k c Ulc it þb Mput k ñúg km µv iF Ib NþúHbN þa l ?

1 >R bB n æ½rdæ)a l m Ul dæa n ✓

2> e Ka lne ya ) a yv im CÄk a r n ig v ish m CÄ k a r

3> c ,a b;ero bc MG g Ák a r

et IG ñk v a yté m øn Uv xøwm sa ré nk a rbNþúHbNþa l y:a g dUc em þ c ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

✓



C Mh a nC Mh a nC Mh a nC Mh a n 3333 ³ ³ ³ ³ b eg áItbB a¢Ws MN Yrb eg áItbB a¢Ws MN Yrb eg áItbB a¢Ws MN Yrb eg áItbB a¢Ws MN Yr

CMh a nT Ib Ik ñúg k a rbeg áItb Ba¢W s MNY rK Wbeg áItn Uvs M NY reda y eya g elIR bePT s MNYrE dl

nig R bePT sMNY rE dlR t Uv k a rna na

s MN YrE dl l ¥s MN YrE dl l ¥s MN YrE dl l ¥s MN YrE dl l ¥ s MNY rE dl l¥ KWsa m Ba Ø xøI crWE dlna M [ G ñk eq øI yeq øI yn Uv c em øI yEdle yIg cg

k a rbeg áItb B a ¢Ws MN Yr E d ll ¥k a rbeg áItb B a ¢Ws MN Yr E d ll ¥k a rbeg áItb B a ¢Ws MN Yr E d ll ¥k a rbeg áItb B a ¢Ws MN Yr E d ll ¥bB a ¢Ws MNY rE dl beg áIt ) a nl¥ KWg a yR s Ylk ñúg k a rylcg ;b MeB j bB a ¢Ws MN Yrena H e da ym a nk a rbMeB j xus q Ág E t bn þicb n þÜc b

bB a ¢Ws MN Yr K Mr UbB a ¢Ws MN Yr K Mr UbB a ¢Ws MN Yr K Mr UbB a ¢Ws MN Yr K Mr U

s Um da k; B inÞúe l IEp ñk na na ta mlMda b

1>R bB næ½rdæ2> e Ka lne ya3> c,a b



CMh a nT Ib Ik ñúg k a rbeg áIt bB a¢W s MNY rKWbeg áItn Uv s M NY reda yeya g elIR bePT s MNYrE dl

n ig Rb ePTs MNY rE dlR t Uvk a rna na .

s MNY rE dll¥ K Wsa m B a Ø xøI c , a s;la s ; eh IyR t Uvc M Nuc Ed lc g;) a n edIm ,Ie Cos va g ka req øIyP a nG ñk eq øIyeq øIyn Uv cem øI yE dle yIg cg ;) a n m Yy .

k a rbeg áIt bB a ¢Ws MN Yr E dll ¥k a rbeg áIt bB a ¢Ws MN Yr E dll ¥k a rbeg áIt bB a ¢Ws MN Yr E dll ¥k a rbeg áIt bB a ¢Ws MN Yr E dll ¥ a nl¥ KWg a yR s Ylk ñúg k a ryl; n ig g a yR s Ylk ñg k a req øIyE dle F VI

b MeB j bB a¢Ws MN Yrena H e da ym a nk a rbMeB j xusq Ág E t bn þicb n þÜc b :ue NÑa H .

Bin Þúe lIE pñk na na t a mlMda b;é nk a reB j cit þrbs;G ñ k ?

R b B n æ½rdæ) a lm Ul dæa n 2

e Ka lne ya ) a yv im CÄk a r n ig v ish m CÄk a r 1

a b;ero bc MG g Ák a r 3

17

CMh a nT Ib Ik ñúg k a rbeg áIt bB a¢W s MNY rKWbeg áItn Uv s M NY re da y eya g elIR b ePTs MNYrE dl) a neR Ka gT uk

Ie Co sv a g ka req øIyPa n;R c l M

n ig g a yR sYl k ñg k a req øIyE dl eF VI[G ñk eq øIy



eyIg m a nP¢a b ;nUv T Rm g ;bB a¢Ws MNY rna na k ñg sik ça s a la m ®n þIr dæm ®n þI G >r >m Ca Ék sa reya g

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 4444 ³ ³ ³ ³ k a rsa k lk a rsa k lk a rsa k lk a rsa k l ,,,, gggg

CMh a nT Ib Ynk ñúg k a rbeg áItbB a ¢Ws MNY rK WeF VI ets þeb IbB a¢Ws MN YrE dl) a nero bc Me na HR bs Ineb Im inG a c eT s MNY r T aMg ena HG a c yk eT Asa k lk a rg a rena HR bha k;R bE h ln wg

xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca cMN uc xøHb Ba ¢Ws MNY rTa Mg ena H

et IKa t ;yl ;s MN Yrena HT a Mg Gs et IKa t ;m a nk a rlM et IR Kb;s MN Yreb Ik Ta Mg G s et Ik a rrMlg s MNYrm YyeT As M NYre pSg eT o tRt Uv et Im a nE p ñk Na mYyE dle lI k eLIg ena Hm a nPa B pÞúy Kña E drrWeT et Is MNY rEdl) a nb eg áIteLIg ena H

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 5555 ³ ³ ³ ³ ka rB in it üseR m c el IbB a¢Ws MN Yrka rB in it üseR m c el IbB a¢Ws MN Yrka rB in it üseR m c el IbB a¢Ws MN Yrka rB in it üseR m c el IbB a¢Ws MN Yr

eya g ta m lTæp lé nk a rsa k l

cMeB a HTR mg ;bB a ¢Ws MN Yr KM rU s U m Bin it üem Il



b B a¢Ws MNY rna na k ñg sik ça sa la m ®n þIr dæ) a lCa n;x <s ; n ig s ik çasa la s Rm a bm Ca É k sa reya g . b Ba ¢Ws MNYrK MrU epSg ²eT o tm a nen Ak úñg es o v ePAÉ k sa reya g

gggg

nk ñúg k a rb egáItb Ba ¢Ws MNY rK WeF VI et s þbB a¢Ws MN YrTa Mg ena H . v a Cak a rR bes Ir Na sa nero bc Me na H R t Uv) a neKyk eT Asa k l,g e Rb ICa m YyR k um s ik çak am KMr Una na

R b s Ineb Im inG a ceT s MNY r TaMg ena HG a c yk eT Asa k l,g Ca m Yyn wg R k um m nus SEdlm a nk Rmit Rb E hlnwg s ik çak a m .

c MN uc xø H²E dlR t Uv B in it üeB l sa k l,g

s MN Yrena HTa Mg Gs ;rWeT?

m a nk a rl M) ak GVIx øHk ñu g ka req øIynU v s MN YrTa Mg ena H ?

s MN Yreb Ik T aMg G s ;m ancem øI yE drrWeT ?

et Ik a rrMlg s MNYrm Y yeT As M NYre pSg eT o tR tUv) a neKeF VIe LIg R t wm R tUv E dr rWeTñk Na mYyE dle lI k eLIg ena Hm a nP a B pÞúyKña E drrWeT?

a nbeg áIt eLIg ena Hp þl ;n Uv c M Na b;G a rm µN_ C a viC¢m a nsR m a bka rB in it ü seR m c el Ib B a¢Ws MNYrka rB in it ü seR m c el Ib B a¢Ws MNYrka rB in it ü seR m c el Ib B a¢Ws MNYrka rB in it ü seR m c el Ib B a¢Ws MNYr

g tam lT æpl énk a rsa k l,g bBa ¢Ws MNYrk ñ ú g CMh a n4 b Ba ¢Ws MNYr ¼s M NY rn wg R t UvB in it üseR m c

bB a¢Ws MN Yr KM rU s U m B init üem Il ] bsm <n æ½ 1

18

n ig s ik ças a la sRm a b ; es o v ePAÉk sa reya g .

v a Ca k a rR besIr Na s;Rb s in g eR b ICa m YyR k um s ik çak am KMr Una na .

k um m n us SE dlm a nk Rmit

a neKeF V Ie LIg R t wm Rt Uv Edr rWeT ?

Ca v iC¢m a nsR m a b;G ñk eq øIyE drr WeT?

n wg R t Uv B in it üseR m c.



C Mh a nTaMg RC Mh a nTaMg RC Mh a nTaMg RC Mh a nTaMg R )))) a Mé nk a rb eg áIt ets þm un ¼ eR ka y v KÁa Mé nk a rb eg áIt ets þm un ¼ eR ka y v KÁa Mé nk a rb eg áIt ets þm un ¼ eR ka y v KÁa Mé nk a rb eg áIt ets þm un ¼ eR ka y v KÁ

ets þm unv KÁ¼ eR k a yvKÁ KW Ca T Rm gk a rek IneL Ig n Uv cM eN Hdwg rb s

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 1111 ³ ³ ³ ³ k MNtk MNtk MNtk MNt ;; ;; B If a et IB If a et IB If a et IB If a et I c Me NHd wg nig k a ry lc Me NHd wg nig k a ry lc Me NHd wg nig k a ry lc Me NHd wg nig k a ry l

CMh a nd Mb Ug énk a rb egáIt et s þm unv KÁ¼ eR k a yv KÁ KWk MNteyIg c g ;v a s;E v g . beR go nk ñúg v KÁb Nþú HbN þa l E xk káda q ña M 200 7 . xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca bB aða na na E dleKeRb IedIm

R bB næ½rd æ) a lm Uldæa n rc©na sm <n æ½R bB næ½r dæ t Yna T Irdæ) a lf ña k k a rbeg áItR k um Rb wk Sa XMu

R T ws þI n ig k a rGn uv t þv im CÄk a r n ig vish m CÄk a r niym n ½yB a k ü niym n ½yj B a k ü

rbs;R bCa B l rdæ



a Mé nk a rbeg áItet s þm un¼ e Rk a y vK Áa Mé nk a rbeg áItet s þm un¼ e Rk a y vK Áa Mé nk a rbeg áItet s þm un¼ e Rk a y vK Áa Mé nk a rbeg áItet s þm un¼ e Rk a y vK Á

et s þm unv KÁ¼ eR k a yv KÁ KW Ca TRm g;s a m Ba Øm Yyé nk a rv a yt ém øk m µviF IbNþ úHb Nþa lna na edImk a rekIneL Ig n Uvc M eN Hdwg rb s;s ik ça ka m .

B If a et IB If a et IB If a et IB If a et I c Me NH dwg n ig k a rylc Me NH dwg n ig k a rylc Me NH dwg n ig k a rylc Me NH dwg n ig k a ryl ;; ;; d wgd wgd wgd wg GVIx ØHGVIx ØHGVIx ØHGVIx ØH E d l e yIg c gE d l e yIg c gE d l e yIg c gE d l e yIg c g ;; ;; v a sv a sv a sv a s ;; ;; E v gE v gE v gE v g ????

ets þm unv KÁ¼ eR k a yvKÁ KWk MNt;f a et Ic MeN Hd wg nig ka ryl. Ca T UeT AG VIE dleyIg c g ;v a s;K WCa e Ka lK Mnit Kn ø wH n ig T s Sn

b eR go nkñúg v KÁb Nþú HbN þa l .]Ta h rN_ k ñúg k rNIk a rbNþ ú HbNþa lm ®n þI G >r>xa g eR k a m enHKW Ca b B aða na na E dleKeR b Ied Im,IeF V Iets þm unv KÁ¼eR k a yvKÁ

a lm Uld æa n

næ½R b B n æ½r dæ) a lm Ul dæa n

a lf ña k ;ext þ n ig f ñak;R s uk

k a rbeg áIt R kum R b wk Sa XMu R T ws þI nig k a rG n uvt þvim CÄk a r nig v ish m CÄk a r

B a k üvim CÄk a r nig vis h m CÄk a r

j B a k ü t MNa g RbCa F ibetyü k a rc Ulr Ym R b Ca B lrdæ nig KNen yüP a B v is ½y

19

s a m Ba Øm Yyé nk a rva yt ém øk m µviF Ib Nþ úHb Nþa lna na edIm,I dwg B I

f a et IcMeN Hd wg n ig k a ryl;G VI xø HE dl K WCa e Ka lK Mnit Kn ø wH n ig Ts Sn³ na na E dl) a n

>m E dl eF VIe LIg k ñúg IeF V Iets þm unv KÁ¼eR k a yv KÁ



R bB næ½rdæ) a l m Uld æa ne nAk mn ig XMu ¼sg áa t ;

sa Fa rN³ t am eKa lk a rN c ,a b;ero bc MG g Ák a r

Ék s a rpøÚv k a rE dleKeF VI esc k þIR Ba g PJa k ;g a rBa k ; k a rsresres ck þIRB ag c niym n ½yT IR bC Mu Cn ¼C nbTk ñúg esc kþIR B ag c

esv a R c k ec j cUl Et m Yy R s uk KMrU t Yna T Ies va R c k ec j c UlE tmYy esv a na na E dlp þl

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 2222 ³ ³ ³ ³ eR CIs erIs R be PTs MN Yr na naeR CIs erIs R be PTs MN Yr na naeR CIs erIs R be PTs MN Yr na naeR CIs erIs R be PTs MN Yr na na

CMh a nbn Þa b ;énk a rb eg áItb Ba¢Ws M NYr KW eR CIse rIsR bePT s M NYrna na E dl Rt Uv ) a neKs Yrk ñúg k a reF VIe ts þm unv KÁ¼eR k a yvK Á Ca B IE pñ k FMs MNY rR bePT eR CIser Is yk cem øI y

s MNY rR beP TB it

dUc ] Ta h rN_ xa g eR k a m enH

� Rb ePTs MNY rm a ncem øI yeR CI s erIs



a lm Uld æa nen Ak m <Ca E bg E ck Ca bIk Rm it ³ ext þ¼R k ug R suk ¼xN Ð

B it ✓ m inB it

tam eKa lk a rN_k ME NTR mg ;v im CÄk a r n ig vish m CÄk a r ero bcMG g Ák a r

É k sa rp øÚvk a rEdleKeF VI esc k þIR B ag c ,a b;ero b cMG g Ák a r

ga rB ak ;B n æ½EdlT T Ylxu sR t Uv eF VIes ck þIR B ag c,a b;ero b cMG g Ák a rk a rsresresc k þIR B ag c, ab;ero bc MG g Ák a r n iym n ½yT IR bCMu Cn ¼CnbT k ñúg es ck þIRB ag c ,a b;erob cMG g Ák a r

esv a R ck ecj c UlE tm Yy

t Yna T Iesv a R ck ecj c UlE t mYy

esv a na na E dlpþl;eda yk a ri ya l½yR c k ec j c UlE t m Yy

eR CIs er IsR be P Ts MN Yr na naeR CIs er IsR be P Ts MN Yr na naeR CIs er IsR be P Ts MN Yr na naeR CIs er IsR be P Ts MN Yr na na

é nk a rbeg áIt bB a¢Ws M NYr KW eR CIse rIsR bePT s M NYrna na . e KG a c E bg E ck s MNYrna na a neKs Yrk ñúg k a reF VIe ts þm unv K Á¼eR k a yvK Á Ca BIE pñ k FM²³ s M NY rR b ePTB it

MNY rR b ePTeR CIser Isyk c em øI y n ig R bePT s MNYreb Ik E dlm a nc em øI yxøI .

s MNY rR bePT Bit-m inB it³ eKes ñ Ir [eRC Iser Isn Uv cem øI y sm R s bfaB itrWm inB it

xa g eR ka m enH

R beP TsMNY rm a nc em øI yeR C I serIs³ eKes ñI [e rIsn Uvc em øIyE dl sm R sbec j B ICe R m Is

20

ext þ¼R k ug R suk ¼xN Ð

v im CÄk a r n ig v ish m CÄk a r .

ero b cMG g Ák a r

e KG a cE bg E ck s MNYrna na s M NY rR beP TB it -m inBit

eR C Iser Isn Uv c em øI y sm R sb faB itrWm inB it

e rIsn Uvc em øIyEd lsm R s becj B ICeR m Is


21



b IrWb Yn . xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca ] Ta h rN_

e tIen A k me tIen A k me tIen A k me tIen A k m << << úC ae ro bc MT wkd IyúC ae ro bc MT wkd IyúC ae ro bc MT wkd IyúC ae ro bc MT wkd Iy :: :: ag d Uc em þc ag d Uc em þc ag d Uc em þc ag d Uc em þc ????

k) ra CFa n IPñMeB j E ck Ca xNÐ x NÐE c k Ca sg áa t ; ext þE c k Ca R k ug nig Ca R s uk Rkug E c k Casg áa t; R s uk E c k Ca XuM n ig Ca sg áa t; �

x) ra CFa n IPñMeB j Ec k Ca R kug xNÐ n ig s g áa t;

K) ext þE c k Ca ra CFa n I n ig R s uk ra CFa n I n ig R s uk E ck Ca XMu n ig sgáa t;

X) R s uk E c k Ca XuM sg áa t; nig xNÐ

s MNY reb Ik E dlm a nc em øI yx øI ³eKes ñ I[ eq øI yeda yB n ü l;Ca s eg çb . xa g eRk a m enH KW Ca

]T a h rN_

c UrB n ül; B Ik a re ro b cMrc ©na sm <n æ½ rdæ) a le nAk m<Ca ?

rc ©na sm <n æ½ rdæ) a l enAk m <ú Ca E b g E ck Ca b Ik Rm it ³ ext þ¼R k ug R s uk ¼xNÐ n ig XM u¼sg áa t .



CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 3333 ³ ³ ³ ³ k a rbeg áIt ets þm unv K Á n ig eR k a yv KÁk a rbeg áIt ets þm unv K Á n ig eR k a yv KÁk a rbeg áIt ets þm unv K Á n ig eR k a yv KÁk a rbeg áIt ets þm unv K Á n ig eR k a yv KÁ

eya g t am lTæp lé nk a reF VIe ts þk ñúg MNa kseR m c .

s MN YrE dl l ¥s MN YrE dl l ¥s MN YrE dl l ¥s MN YrE dl l ¥ s MNY rE dl l¥ KWsa m Ba Ø xøI ck ñúg k a req øIy .

etsm un v KÁ¼ eR k a yvK ÁE dlb eg áItetsm un v KÁ¼ eR k a yvK ÁE dlb eg áItetsm un v KÁ¼ eR k a yvK ÁE dlb eg áItetsm un v KÁ¼ eR k a yvK ÁE dlb eg áItets þm unv KÁ¼ eR k a yvKÁE dl l¥KWg a yR s Ylk ñúg ka ryleq øIy cg ;b MeB j bB a¢Ws MN Yre na H eda ym a nk a rb MeB j xus q Ág Et bn þicb nþÜ c b

ets þm un v K Á¼ eR k a vK Áets þm un v K Á¼ eR k a vK Áets þm un v K Á¼ eR k a vK Áets þm un v K Á¼ eR k a vK Á

eyIg m a nP¢a b ;nUv ets þm unv K Á¼ eR k a yv KÁk ñú

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 4444 ³ ³ ³ ³ ets þm un v K Á¼ eR k a yv K Áets þm un v K Á¼ eR k a yv K Áets þm un v K Á¼ eR k a yv K Áets þm un v K Á¼ eR k a yv K Á



k a rb eg áIt et s þm unvK Á n ig eR k a yv K Ák a rb eg áIt et s þm unvK Á n ig eR k a yv K Ák a rb eg áIt et s þm unvK Á n ig eR k a yv K Ák a rb eg áIt et s þm unvK Á n ig eR k a yv K Á

eya g tam lT æpl énk a reF VIe t s þk ñúg MNa k;k a lTIb Yn . et s þm unv KÁ ¼eR k a yv KÁn wg R t Uv

s MNY rE dll¥ K Wsa m B a Ø xøI c , a s;la s ; eh IyR t Uvc M Nuc Ed lc g ;) a nedIm ,Ie Cos va g ka req øIyP a n

et sm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv K ÁE d lbeg áItet sm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv K ÁE d lbeg áItet sm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv K ÁE d lbeg áItet sm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv K ÁE d lbeg áIt )))) a nl ¥a nl ¥a nl ¥a nl ¥ et s þm unv KÁ¼ eR k a yv KÁE dl l¥K Wg a yR s Ylk ñúg ka ryl; n ig g a yR s Ylk ñg k a req ø

b MeB j bB a¢Ws MN Yre na H eda ym a nk a rb MeB j xusq Ág Et bn þicb nþÜ c b :ue NÑa H

n Uv ets þm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv KÁk ñúg ] bsm <n æ½ 2 T uk Ca Ék sa reya g .

et s þm unv K Á¼ eRk ay vK Áet s þm unv K Á¼ eRk ay vK Áet s þm unv K Á¼ eRk ay vK Áet s þm unv K Á¼ eRk ay vK Á

22

et s þm unv KÁ ¼eR k a yvKÁn wg R t Uv) aneKB in it ü

Ie Co sv a g ka req øIyPa n;R c l M

n ig ga yR s Yl k ñgk a req ø IyE dleF V I[G ñk ue NÑa H .



CMh a nT Ib Ynk ñúg k a rbeg áItbB a ¢Ws MNY rK Wsa k leb IbB a¢Ws MN YrE dl) a nero bc Me na H R t UvR bs Ineb Im inG a c eT s MNY r T aMg ena HG a c yk eT Asa k lk a rg a rena HR bha k;R bE h ln wg s ik çak a m

xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca cMN uc xø

et IKa t ;yl ;s MN Yrena HT a Mg Gs c MeB a Hs MNY rR beP TeR CIser I syk c em øI y et IKa t ;m a nk a rlM

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 5555 ³ ³ ³ ³ Bin it üseR m c el Iets þm un v KÁ¼ eR k a yv K ÁBin it üseR m c el Iets þm un v KÁ¼ eR k a yv K ÁBin it üseR m c el Iets þm un v KÁ¼ eR k a yv K ÁBin it üseR m c el Iets þm un v KÁ¼ eR k a yv K Á

eya g t am lTæp lé nk a rsa k l cMeB a HTR mg ;bB a ¢Ws MN Yr KM rU s U m Bin it üem Il



CMh a nT Ib Ynk ñúg k a rb egáItb Ba ¢Ws MNY rK Wsa k l,g bBa ¢Ws MNYr T aMg ena H . v a Cak a rR bes IrNa sa nero bc Me na H R t Uv ) a neKyk eT Asa k l,g e Rb ICa m YyR k um s ik çak am KMr Una na

R b s Ineb Im inG a ceT s MNY r TaMg ena HG a c yk eT Asa k l,g Ca m Yyn wg R k um m nus SE dlm a nk Rm it R b E hlnwg s ik çak a m .

xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca c MN uc xø H²E dlR t Uv B in it üeB l sa k l,g bB a¢Ws MNY rT a Mg ena H

s MN Yrena HTa Mg Gs ;rWeT?

s MNY rRb ePTeR CIser I syk c em øI y et IKa t;y l;B Icem øI yE dlR t Uv eR CIser Is yk eTm a nk a rl M) ak GVIx øHk ñu g ka req øIynU v s MN YrTa Mg ena H

B in it üse Rm c el Iet s þm unv K Á¼ eRk a y vK ÁB in it üse Rm c el Iet s þm unv K Á¼ eRk a y vK ÁB in it üse Rm c el Iet s þm unv K Á¼ eRk a y vK ÁB in it üse Rm c el Iet s þm unv K Á¼ eRk a y vK Á

eya g tam lT æpl énk a rsa k l,g bBa ¢Ws MNYrk ñg CMh a n4 b Ba ¢Ws MNYr ¼s M NY rn wg R t UvB in it üseR m c

bB a¢Ws MN Yr KM rU s U m B init üem Il ] bsm <n æ½ 1

23

v a Ca k a rR besIrNa s;Rb s in g eR b ICa m YyR k um s ik çak am KMr Una na .

g Ca m Yyn wg R k um m n us SE dlm a nk Rmit

g bB a¢Ws MNY rTa Mg ena H

B Ic em øI yE dl Rt Uv eRC Iser Isy k eT?




CMh a nTa Mg R )a Ménk a rbeg áIt karG eg átelIp lb

k a rG eg átelIp lb: HB a lE xb nÞa b;B Ik mµviF IbN þú HbNþa lR bm a NB Ika rp øa s;b þÚr \ri ya bTrbsk a rg a rrbs;B Yk eKEdlT a k

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 1111 ³ ³ ³ ³ k MNtk MNtk MNtk MNt ;; ;; f a et Ip lbf a et Ip lbf a et Ip lbf a et Ip lb

CMh a nd Mb Ug énk a rb egáItk a rG eg át elIplbxa g eR ka m enHKW Ca R bF a nbTsa mB a Ø

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 3333 ³ ³ ³ ³ \\\\ riy a bTriy a bTriy a bTriy a bT k a rv a yté møk ñúg k R mitenHKWbNa þa l) a nyk eT AeR b IRE dl Ga cem Il eXIj ena HG a R s ½yel IR bePT énk a rbNþúHb Nþa l »k a sqab) a nG nuv t þCM na j ena H ryepSg ²é nk a rg a r .

k R m itk R m itk R m itk R m it 4444 ³ ³ ³ ³ lT æp llT æp llT æp llT æp l k a rv a yté møk ñúg k R mitenHv a s

eda ysa rE t s ik ça k a m )a nc UlrYm k ñúgl T æp lcug eR k a yrYm m a n



a Ménk a rb eg áItk arG eg át elIplb :HB a l;

HB a l;G a c eF VIe LIg Ca lk çN³ va yt ém øedIm,IB in it üt a m da nkñúg ryB Ik mµv iF IbN þú HbNþa l )a nb Ba ©b ; . eKa lb MNg c b,g énka rGeg átelIp lb

ri ya bT rbs ;s ik ça ka m ¬kñúg k Rm it3¦ n ig B Ik a rrIk c eR m In rWk ¾lT æpl BYk eKE dlTa k ;Tg nwg k m µv iF IbNþú HbN þa l ¬k R m it 4¦

f a et Ip l bf a et Ip l bf a et Ip l bf a et Ip l b :: :: HB a lHB a lHB a lHB a l ;; ;; G VIx øHE d le y Ig c gG VIx øHE d le y Ig c gG VIx øHE d le y Ig c gG VIx øHE d le y Ig c g ;; ;; s ik Sas ik Sas ik Sas ik Sa

CMh a ndMb Ug é nk a rbeg áItk a rG eg átelIp lb :HB a l;KWk M N t ;f a et Iplb:HB a l;G VIxøHE dl eyIc gxa g eR ka m enHKW Ca R bFa nbTsa mB aØ² xø HE dle KG a c s Yr d l;s ik ça k a m

k a rva yt émøk ñúg k R mit enHK Wv a s ;va g fa e t Ic MeNHdwg n ig CMna j E dleKTT Y la nyk eT AeRb IR ) as;k ñúg ka rg a rrbs;eKE drrW eT? ry³ eB lE dl R t Uv k a rk ñúg ka rpøa s

E dlG a c em Ile XIj ena HG a R s ½yel IR beP Té nk a rbNþúHb Nþa l »k a sqab ;a nG n uv t þCM na j e na H ry³ e B lyUrb :u NÑa E dls ik ça k a m be g áIt nUv TR mg ; \ri ya bT fµI nig TidæPa B

k a rva yt émøk ñúg k R mit enHv a s ;E v g B IlT æp lcug eR k a yE dlek It eLIg a ncUlrYm k ñúg k m µv iF Ib NþúHbN þa l . ] Ta h rN _

lT æplc ug eR k a yrYm m a n³ k a rekIneLIg plit k m µ k a rek IneLIg KuNPa B n igk a rfyc uHk a rc MNa y 24

IB in it üt a m da nk ñúg ry ³eB lb I rWb Yn g énka rG eg átelIp lb :HB a lKW) a :n ;

¦ nig B Ik a rrIk ceR m In rWk ¾lT æp l

GVIx øHE dl eyIc g ;s ik Sa .

E dleKTT Y l) a nkñú g k a rbNþúH eB l EdlR t Uvk a rk ñúg k a rpøa s ;b þÚr

EdlG a c em Ile XIj ena HG a R s ½yel IR beP Té nk a rbNþúHb Nþa l »k a s qab;b u:NÑa E dls ik ça ka m ri ya bTf µI n ig T idæPaB

k a rekIneLIg plit k m µ ka rek IneLIg K uNPa B n igk a rf ycu Hk a rc MNa y



. Ca k a rs Mxa n;k ñúg k a rTT Yls Á a lb :uE nþv a Ca k a rB i) a k k ñgk a rEbg E ck p lbCH \T æiB l dl ;lT æpl .

cC Mh a ncC Mh a ncC Mh a ncC Mh a n 2222 ³ ³ ³ ³ k a reR C Is e rIs viF Isa ®s þR bm Ul T in ñn ½yk a reR C Is e rIs viF Isa ®s þR bm Ul T in ñn ½yk a reR C Is e rIs viF Isa ®s þR bm Ul T in ñn ½yk a reR C Is e rIs viF Isa ®s þR bm Ul T in ñn ½y

viF Isa ®s þd¾sa m B aØb Mp uté nk a rR bm UlT in ñn½ ysR m a bs MNY rsR m a b;k a rta m da n Ca B iesseB lE dleKR t Uvk arB t ½m a nE bbKuNPa B G MBIp lb

k a rsmÖa s n_m a nKuNsmCa v iF Isa ®s þk ñúg k a rR bm UlT in ñn½y

G t þR beya Cn_énk a reF VIsm Öa sn• l¥ed Im ,IE s Vg yl;B IG a rm µN• Pa sa k a yvik a rmYycM n YnE dl G a cb gða j B IbB a ða na na• G VIE dle k IteL Ig eda yKu Nv ibt þénk a reF VIsm Öa sn• eR b IR ) a s;eB lev la • m inm a nKMr Uc ,a s;la s• Bi) a k k ñg k a rKNna Ca t ém ø• Bwg E p¥k xøa Mg elICMna j rb s

m a nka rsm Öa sn_b IR bePT E dl G a ceR b IR1> k a rsm Öa sn_E bbrc ©na s m2> k a rsm Öa sn_E bbB ak

eKG a c beg áIts MN Yrb E nßm eT o tbB a ða Kn øw HNa m Yy bKn ø wH ena H .



k ñúg k a rT TYl s Á a l;f a l Tæp lna na ena HKWb Nþa lm k B Ik m µv iF Ib NþúHbN þa l xø Hpg E dra kk ñg k a rEbg E ck plb :HB a lé nk a rbNþúHbNþa lec j B Ik k þa d¾éT epSg eT ot E dl

.

k a reRC Ise rIs v iF Isa ®s þRb m UlT in ñn ½yk a reRC Ise rIs v iF Isa ®s þRb m UlT in ñn ½yk a reRC Ise rIs v iF Isa ®s þRb m UlT in ñn ½yk a reRC Ise rIs v iF Isa ®s þRb m UlT in ñn ½y

v iF Is a ®s þd¾sa m B aØb Mput énk a rR b m UlT in ñn ½ ys R m a b;k a reF VIG eg átel Iplb: HB a lka rt a m da n . k a rs mÖa sn _ n ig ¼r Wk a rB iPa k SaR kum eKa ledAG a ceR b IR

Ca B iesseB l EdleKR t Uv k arB t½m a nE bb KuNPa B G MBIp lb:HB a l ;elIk m µv iF IbN þú Hb Nþa l

m a nKuNs m ,t þ i xø H n ig Ku Nv ibt þi x øHEd lK Y rB ic a rNa eB leR CIserIs yk k a rsmÖa snCa v iF Isa ®s þk ñúg k a rR bm UlT in ñn ½y .

é nk a reF VIsm Öa s n_ B IG a rm µN _ n ig m Uleh t uE dlla k ;el om ep Sg²

P a sak a yv ik a rm Yyc M n YnE d lG a c bgða j BIbB a ða na na G VIE dlek It eLIg eda y\t R B ag Tuk E dleF VIeG a ym a nb Ba ðaé c dn ü

Ku Nv ibt þé nk a reF VIsm Öa sn_

la s;E dlG a ceF VI[m a np lb: HB a l ;dl; lT æpl

a kk ñgk a rKNna Ca té m ø B wg E p ¥k xøa Mg elICMna j rbs;G ñ k eF VIsm Öa sn_

b IR beP TE dlG a c eR b IR ) a s;) a nsR ma b ;k a rsmÖa s n_n im Y yE bb rc ©na sm <n æ½³ eK) a neR t o m s MNYrT uk Ca m un

E bb Bak ;k Nþa lrc ©na sm <n æ½³ Ca T UeT Axøwm sa r R t Uv ) a neKk MNteKG a c beg áIt s MNY rbE n ßm eT o t . k a reF VIsm Öa s n_E b benHs M xa n;Na sb Ba ða Kn øw HNa m Yy b :uE n þv a B Mus Uv m a nP a B R )a k deT c MeBa Hc em øIyna na E dlTa k

25

f a l Tæpl na na ena HKWb Nþa lm k B Ik m µv iF IbNþú HbN þa lxø Hpg E dr. HB a lénk a rb NþúHb Nþa lecj B Ik k þa d¾éTep Sg eT ot E dl

HB a l;ena HG a c Ca b Ba¢W n ig ¼r Wk a rB iPa k SaR k um eKa l edAG a c eR b IR) as;) a np g E dr

el Ik m µv iF IbN þú Hb Nþa l .

t þ i xø H n ig Ku Nvib t þi x øHE d lK YrB ica rNa eB leR CIserIs yk k a rsmÖa sn_

n im Y y² ³

a neKk MNt;T uk Ca m un b:uE nþ Na s;k ñúg k a rseg átB I

a k deT cMeB a Hcem øI yna na E dlT a k;T g nwg b Baða



3> k a rsm Öa sn_E bbKµa nrc ©na smT uk mune T .

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 3333 ³³³³ k a rb eg áIt bBa ¢Ws MN Yr ¼s MN Yrk a rb eg áIt bBa ¢Ws MN Yr ¼s MN Yrk a rb eg áIt bBa ¢Ws MN Yr ¼s MN Yrk a rb eg áIt bBa ¢Ws MN Yr ¼s MN Yr

CMh a nT Ib Iénk a reF VIG eg át elI plbE dl Rt Uv Es Vg rk nig viF Isa ®s þRb m UlT in ñn ½ yna na Edl

xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca ]Ta hrN

Pa B Ca b;Tak ;Tg nwg k m µv iF IbN þúHbNþa l

k a reR bIR ) a s;sm Öa r³ bNþú Hb Nþa l

c Urda k ;B inÞúB I 1 -1 0 ¬1 ¦b g ða j B IPa B Kµa nCa b

eKa l ne ya ) a yv im CÄk a r nig v ish m CÄk a r

c,a b;ero bc MG g Ák a r

R ck ecj c UlE tm Yy



E bb Kµa nrc ©na s m <næ½³ eF VIk a rs nÞa na Kña eda yesr Ieda yKµa n

k a rbeg áIt bB a ¢Ws MN Yr ¼s MN Yrk a rbeg áIt bB a ¢Ws MN Yr ¼s MN Yrk a rbeg áIt bB a ¢Ws MN Yr ¼s MN Yrk a rbeg áIt bB a ¢Ws MN Yr ¼s MN Yr

CMh a nT Ib Ié nk a reF VIG eg átelI p lb:HB a l;KWbeg áIts M NYr na na eda yeya g elIR bePT plbE dlR t Uv E s Vg rk n ig viF Isa ®s þR bm UlT inñn ½ yna na E dl ) a neR CIse rIs .

T a h rN_xø H²E dlT a k;T g n wg s MNYrs R m a b;k a rG eg átelIp lb

Tg n wgk m µviF IbNþú Hb Nþa l

b Nþú Hb Nþa l

10 s þIB IPa B Ca b;Tak ;Tg énE pñk n im Yy ²eT An wg k a rg a rrbs¦bg ða j BIP a B Kµa nCa b ;Tak ;Tg n ig ¬1 0¦ bgða j B IPa B Ca b;Ta k ;Tg xøa Mg

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

a yvim CÄk a r

✓ ✓

26

eF VIk a rsn Þa na Kña eda yes rIe da y Kµa n)a neR t o m s MNY r

KWbeg áIts M NYr na na eda yeya g elIR bePTp lb:HB a l;na na

k a rG eg átelIpl b:HB a l; ³

eT Anwg k a rg a rrbs;G ñk eda y

8 9 10

✓ ✓


27



et IG ñk E dleR b IR ) a s;sm Öa r³ bNþú HbNþa leT c a b;B IG ñk ) ancUl rYm k ñg k m µviF Ib N þúHb Nþa lm k ? ❑) a n ❑m i n)a n

R bs ineb Ieq øI yf a “) a n”cUrB nü l;et Is m Öa r³ GV Ix øHE dlG ñk ) a neR bI eh I yeR b I k ñg eKa l b MNg G VI?



k a reR bIR ) a s;cMe NH v i C¢a

xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca s MNY rE d leR b Ik ñúg k a rsm Öa snk ñúg E xm if una q ña M 2008 k a reF VIGeg át

1> et IG ñk ) a neR bIR ) a s;CMna j n ig c MeN Hm CÄk a r n ig c ,a b;ero bc MG g Ák a rE drrWeT bn Þa b

2> et IG ñk m a n)a neR b IR )rWs ik ça sa la ?

3> et IG ñk m a n) a neR b IR )Gñk E drrWeT ?

4 > Ca lT æplé nk a rbNþú HbN þa l rWs ik ça sa la et IG ñk ma nrW\ ri ya bT Na m YyeT

CMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 4444 ³ ³ ³ ³ eF VIe ts þs a k leF VIe ts þs a k leF VIe ts þs a k leF VIe ts þs a k l

et IG ñk ) a neR bIR ) a s;nUv c Me NHdwg Ca kn ig vish m CÄk a r nig c ,

R b s ineb Ieq øI y ) a n c UrB n ü l



xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca s MNY rE dl eRb Ik ñúg k a rsm Öa sn_xøH²k ñú g ka reF VI G eg átB Iplb20 08 .c M eB a H B ½t ’m a nlm ¥it s UmB in it üem Il]b sm <n æ½3 s þ IB Is MNYrE d leR b I

C Mna j n ig c MeN H dwg E dlT ak ;Tg n wg eKa lne ya) a yv im CÄk a r n ig v ish ero bcMG g Ák a rE drrWeT b nÞa b ;B IT TYl) a nk a rbNþúHb Nþa l ?

) a s;É ksa rT aMg ena HeT bn Þa b;B IG ñk ) a nc UlrYm v KÁb Nþú HbNþa l

) a s;n Uv GVI E dlG ñk ) a nero nk ñúg vKÁbNþ úH bNþa l¼s ik ça sa la kñú

Ca lT æp lé nk a rbNþú Hb N þa lrWs ik ça sa la et IGñk ma n)a npøa s;b þÚrnU v k a rylri ya b TNa m YyeT ?

eF VIe t s þsa k leF VIe t s þsa k leF VIe t s þsa k leF VIe t s þsa k l ,,,, g b B a¢Ws MN Yrg b B a¢Ws MN Yrg b B a¢Ws MN Yrg b B a¢Ws MN Yr

n Uv c Me NH dwg Ca k ;la k;Na m YyT a k;Tgn wg eKa lne ya ) a yv im CÄk a r n ig v ish m CÄk a r n ig c ,a b;ero b cMG g Ák a rE drrWeT bn Þa b ;B ITT Yl) a nk a rbNþúHb Nþa l❑) a n ❑eT

a n c UrB n ül;f a et Ic MNH dwg G VI xø H eh I y) a neR b IR ) a s;eda yreb o bNa

28

G eg átB Iplb :HB a l;E dleF V Ie LIg s þ IB Is MNYrE d leR b Ik ñúg

a yvim CÄk a r n ig v ish ?

a ncUlrYm v KÁb Nþú HbNþa l

sa la k ñúg kic ©k a rrbs ;

b þÚrn U v k a ryl;e XIj Gt þcrik

a yvim CÄk a r a nka rb NþúHb Nþa l ?

eda yreb o bNa ?



CMh a nT Ib Ynk ñúg k a rbeg áItbB a ¢Ws MNY rK Wsa k leb IbB a¢Ws MN YrE dl) a nero bc Me na H R t UvR bs Ineb Im inG a c eT s MNY r T aMg ena HG a c yk eT Asa k lk a rg a rena HR bha k;R bE h ln wg s ik çak a m

xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca cMN uc xø H et IKa t ;yl ;s MN Yrena HT a Mg Gs et IKa t ;m a nk a rlM et IR Kb;s MN Yrb iTT a Mg G s et Ik a rrMlg s MNYrm YyeT As M NYre pSg eT o tRt Uv et Im a nE p ñk Na mYyE dle lI k eLIg ena Hm a

T ? et Is MNY rEdl) a nb eg áIteLIg ena Hp þl

C¢m a nsR m a b;G ñk eq øIyE drr We TCMh a nCMh a nCMh a nCMh a n 5555 ³ ³ ³ ³ ka rB in it üseR m c el IbB a¢Ws MN Yrka rB in it üseR m c el IbB a¢Ws MN Yrka rB in it üseR m c el IbB a¢Ws MN Yrka rB in it üseR m c el IbB a¢Ws MN Yr

eya g t am lTæp lé nk a rsa k l

É k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya g ³³³³ � “Chapter 9 Collecting Data: Application and Business Impact

Evaluation” (p.

Measurement Methods

� “7. Questionnaire Design

Survey.

� “Part Two: Case Studies of Implementation

Training Programs.



CMh a nT Ib Ynk ñúg k a rb egáItb Ba ¢Ws MNY rK Wsa k l,g bBa ¢Ws MNYr T aMg ena H . v a Cak a rR b esIrNa sa nero bc Me na H R t Uv ) a neKyk eT Asa k l,g e Rb ICa m YyR k um s ik çak am KMr Una na

R b s Ineb Im inG a ceT s MNY r TaMg ena HG a c yk eT Asa k l,g Ca m Yyn wg R k um m nus SE dlm a nk Rm it R b E hlnwg s ik çak a m .

xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca c MN uc xø H²E dlR t Uv B in it üeB l sa k l,g bB a¢Ws MNY rT a Mg ena H s MN Yrena HTa Mg Gs ;rWeT?

m a nk a rl M) ak GVIx øHk ñu g ka req øIynU v s MN YrTa Mg ena H ?

s MN Yrb iT Ta Mg Gs ;m ancem øI yE dlTa k ;Tg nwg cem øIyn im Y y ²E dr rWeTet Ik a rrMlg s MNYrm Y yeT As M NYre pSg eT o tR tUv) a neKeF VIe LIg R t wm R tUv E dr rWeTet Im a nE pñk Na mYyE dle lI k eLIg ena Hm a nPa B pÞúyKña E drrWe

a nbeg áIt eLIg ena Hp þl;n Uv c M Na b;G a rm µN_ C a viG ñk eq øIyE drrWe T ?

ka rB in it ü seR m c el Ib B a¢Ws MNYrka rB in it ü seR m c el Ib B a¢Ws MNYrka rB in it ü seR m c el Ib B a¢Ws MNYrka rB in it ü seR m c el Ib B a¢Ws MNYr

eya g tam lT æpl énk a rsa k l,g bBa ¢Ws MNYrk ñg CMh a n4 b Ba ¢ws MNYr ¼s M NY rn wg R t UvB in it üseR m c

Chapter 9 Collecting Data: Application and Business Impact

Evaluation” (p.136-p.164) Handbook of Training Evaluation and

Measurement Methods.

7. Questionnaire Design” (p.101-p.135) How to Conduct Your Own

Part Two: Case Studies of Implementation” (p.117-p.360)

Training Programs.

29

v a Cak a rR besIrNa s ;Rb s in g eR b ICa m YyR k um s ik çak am KMr Una na .

g Ca m Yyn wg R k um m n us SE dlm a nk Rmit

na H

E drrWeT ?

a neKeF V Ie LIg R t wm Rt Uv Edr rWeT ?


Chapter 9 Collecting Data: Application and Business Impact

Handbook of Training Evaluation and

How to Conduct Your Own

p.360) Evaluating



CMhan CMhan CMhan CMhan 4444³³³³RbmUlTinñn½yRbmUlTinñn½yRbmUlTinñn½yRbmUlTinñn½y

b B a¢Ws MN Yrb B a¢Ws MN Yrb B a¢Ws MN Yrb B a¢Ws MN Yr

xa g eR ka m e nHKWCa k a rE Nna ME dlm a nR beya Cn

s res c em øIye da ym in da ks res c em øIye da ym in da ks res c em øIye da ym in da ks res c em øIye da ym in da kR bs ineb Im a nm Uleh t uCa ks ik ça k a m s Um [eKeq øI yeda ym inda keb Ik T Ula y n ig R s Ylk ñúg k a rbeB a©j m t ina na E dlm a nR beya

E c k T R m gE c k T R m gE c k T R m gE c k T R m g ;; ;; b B a ¢Ws MN Yr m unb B a ¢Ws MN Yr m unb B a ¢Ws MN Yr m unb B a ¢Ws MN Yr m un

c MeB a Hk a rv a yt ém øEdlm a nry c g ;[s ik ça k a m va yt ém øelIE p ñk n im Yy

k a m yl;k a n;E t c,a s ;BIs MNY rE dlR t Uv eq øI yk ñúg v KÁbNþ úHb Nþa l E t rg c aMrh Utdl ; dMNa k ;kv a yté m øCa rYm G a c Ec k CUne n AeB lc ug bB a ©b

B n ülB n ülB n ülB n ül ;; ;; B Ie K a lb MNg é nbB a ¢Ws MN Yr n ig f a et IB ½t ’m a nT a Mg ena HR t UvB Ie K a lb MNg é nbB a ¢Ws MN Yr n ig f a et IB ½t ’m a nT a Mg ena HR t UvB Ie K a lb MNg é nbB a ¢Ws MN Yr n ig f a et IB ½t ’m a nT a Mg ena HR t UvB Ie K a lb MNg é nbB a ¢Ws MN Yr n ig f a et IB ½t ’m a nT a Mg ena HR t UveKa l b MNg é nbB a ¢Ws MNY r n ig B Ireb o bE dlT in ñn ½yTa Mg G sc,a s;la s;dl;s ik ça k a m G nus a sn_epSg ² edIm ,IE k lm ¥k m µv iF Ina eB lG na Kt

5555



RbmUlTinñn½yRbmUlTinñn½yRbmUlTinñn½yRbmUlTinñn½y

R ka m enHKW Ca k a rE Nna ME dlm a nR beya Cn_ xø H² edIm , I beg áInR bs iT æPaB énR bm UlT inñn ½ y

s res cem øIy e da ym inda ks res cem øIy e da ym inda ks res cem øIy e da ym inda ks res cem øIy e da ym inda k ;; ;; eQ µa HeQ µa HeQ µa HeQ µa H R b s ineb Im a nm Uleh t uCa k ;la k ;E dlG ñk c g;bg ða j bB a ¢Ws MNY rn im Y y²dl ;

eq øI yeda ym in da k ;eQ µa H . va eF VI[ s ik ça k a m ma nG a rmµN_ k ñúg k a rb eB a©j m t ina na E dlm a nR b eya Cn_ edIm , IEk lm ¥k m µv iF Ib NþúHbNþa l

bB a ¢Ws MN Yr m unbB a ¢Ws MN Yr m unbB a ¢Ws MN Yr m unbB a ¢Ws MN Yr m un

dlm a nry³ eB lyUrel Ik m µviF IbN þH bNþa lE dlm a nry³eB leR cIné f ¶ rWk ¾G ñk s ik ça k a m va yté m øelIE pñk n im Yy ² Ca k a rR besIrK YrE ck b Ba¢Ws MN YrCU nCa m un E dl eF VI

B Is MNY rE dl Rt Uveq øI yk ñúg v KÁb Nþ úHb Nþa l . b:uE n þs Um R byt ñ½f a s ik ça ka mk a lc ug eR k a yénk m µv iF I eT IbeF VI k a rv a yté møCa rYm eh t uen Hs MNY rs Rm ab

v a yté m øCa rYm G a c E c k CUne n AeB lc ug bBa ©b;énk m µv iF I .

B Ie Ka l b MNg é nb B a ¢Ws MN Yr nig f a et IB ½t ’m a nT a Mg ena HR t UvB Ie Ka l b MNg é nb B a ¢Ws MN Yr nig f a et IB ½t ’m a nT a Mg ena HR t UvB Ie Ka l b MNg é nb B a ¢Ws MN Yr nig f a et IB ½t ’m a nT a Mg ena HR t UvB Ie Ka l b MNg é nb B a ¢Ws MN Yr nig f a et IB ½t ’m a nT a Mg ena HR t Uv )))) a neKeR b IRa neKeR b IRa neKeR b IRa neKeR b IR )))) a sa sa sa seKa lb MNg énbB a ¢Ws MNY r n ig B Ireb o bE dlT inñn ½yTa Mg G s ;R t Uv ) a neKeR b IR ) a s

s ik ça k a m . v a nwg CYyn Uv GR t a énk areq øI y n ig elIk T wk c it þdlIE k lm ¥k m µviF Ina eB lG na Kt .

30

I b eg áInR bs iT æPaB é nR bm UlT in ñn ½ y .

IE k lm ¥k m µv iF IbNþú HbNþa l.

eB l eR c Inéf ¶ rWk ¾G ñk Ca k a rR besIrK YrE c k b Ba¢Ws MN Yr CU nCa m un E dl eF VI[s ik ça

uE n þs Um R byt ñ½f a s ik ça ka m KYr a lc ug eR k a yénk m µv iF I eT IbeF VI k a rv a yt émøCa rYm eh t uenH s MNY rsR m ab;

a sa sa sa s ;; ;; e da yr eb o bNae da yr eb o bNae da yr eb o bNae da yr eb o bNa a s;KYrE tB nül;[) a n

va nwg CYyn UvG R t a énk areq øI y nig elIk T wk c it þdl; s ik ça k a m pþl;


31



p þlp þlp þlp þl ;; ;; eB l ev la R K beB l ev la R K beB l ev la R K beB l ev la R K b ;; ;; R K a nR K a nR K a nR K a n ;; ;; e d Ime d Ime d Ime d Im ,,,, Ib MeB j bB a ¢Ws MN YrIb MeB j bB a ¢Ws MN YrIb MeB j bB a ¢Ws MN YrIb MeB j bB a ¢Ws MN Yr R b s ineb Iey Ig es ñI[s ik ça k am b MeB j s MNYren Ac ug bB a ©b;é nk m µviF I B Yk eKG a c R bj ab ;Rb j a l;cak ec j rWk ¾b MeB j s MNY reda yrM lg . s Um E b gE c k eB l evla RKb;R Ka n;k ñúg k a rbMeB j s MNYrTa Mg ena H t a mk a lviP a K m unn wg bBa ©b;k m µv iF I .

et s þm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv KÁet s þm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv KÁet s þm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv KÁet s þm un vK Á¼ eR k a yv KÁ s MNY rdU c Kña Edl) a nero bc Mk ñú g CMh a n3 n wg R t Uv) a neK pþl; CUns ik ça k am en Aéf ¶T Im Yyénk a rbNþúH b Nþa lm unn wg c a b;² ¬ ets þm unv K Á¦ n ig en Aéf ¶cug eR k aybn Þa b;B I) a nbB a ©b;E pñk epSg ²m k ¬etsþ c ug eRk a y ¦ .

ets þm un v K Áets þm un v K Áets þm un v K Áets þm un v K Á

éf ¶T Im Yyénv KÁb NþúHbN þa l

m unE p ñk na na Ta Mg G s;

E p ñk na naE p ñk na naE p ñk na naE p ñk na na

ets þeR k a yv K Áets þeR k a yv K Áets þeR k a yv K Áets þeR k a yv K Á

éf ¶cug eRk a yénv KÁ

bn Þa b ; BIE pñk na na TaMg G s;


32



k a rs m Öa s nk a rs m Öa s nk a rs m Öa s nk a rs m Öa s n __ __ E bbB akE bbB akE bbB akE bbB ak ;; ;; k N þa lr c©na smk N þa lr c©na smk N þa lr c©na smk N þa lr c©na sm << << n æ½n æ½n æ½n æ½

xa g eRk a m enHKW Ca k a rE Nna Mxø H²Ta k ;Tg nwg ka r eF VIsm Öa sn_R bk b eda yR b s iTæP a B

es c k þIe p þImes c k þIe p þImes c k þIe p þImes c k þIe p þIm • [ka rE føg GMNr Ku N] s Um f øgG MNr Ku Ny :a g RCa leR CAkñú g ka rsmÖa s n_ • [ENnaMxø n] ´eQ µa H> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>m k BIR k s Yg m ha é pÞé n G>r>m • eKa lb MNg énk a rsm Öa sn _ ´s Um s Yre la k ¼ela k R sIn U vs MNY rm Yyc M n YnG MB Iv KÁbN þú H bNþa l¼

s ik ça sa la E dlG ñk ) a ncUlrY m en Aq ña Mm un . B ½t ’E dle la k ¼ela kR s Ip þl;CUnn wg R t Uv ) a neRbI R ) a s;edIm , IE k lm ¥k mµv iF Ib Nþú HbNþa lna eB lG na Kt .

\\\\ r iya bT v iC ¢m a nr iya bT v iC ¢m a nr iya bT v iC ¢m a nr iya bT v iC ¢m a n • em Ilm ux G ñk E d le yIg sm Öas nem Ilm ux G ñk E d le yIg sm Öas nem Ilm ux G ñk E d le yIg sm Öas nem Ilm ux G ñk E d le yIg sm Öas n __ __

– G ñk E dlR t UveyIg sm Öa sn_dw g fa eyIg kMB ug Etep þa tk a ryk c it þT uk dak;c MeB a HKa t; – G ñk E dleyIg s m Öa sn_m a nG a rm µN_f a G a c TT Ylyk ) a n

– G gÁúyR t g ;xø Ün s Um k MuB T æ½é d r W eCIg

• jj wmjj wmjj wmjj wm eda y ra keda y ra keda y ra keda y ra k ;; ;; TakTakTakTak ;; ;;

– G ñk E dleyIg R t Uvs m Öa sn_m anG a rm µN_R s Ylc it þ R B m TaMg g a yn iya y

– G ñk E dleyIg s m Öa sn_n wg m a nc it þpþ l;n Uv B ½t ’m a nb E nßm

• p þlp þlp þlp þl ;; ;; n Uv B ½t ’m a nR t lbn Uv B ½t ’m a nR t lbn Uv B ½t ’m a nR t lbn Uv B ½t ’m a nR t lb ;; ;; v iC ¢m av iC ¢m av iC ¢m av iC ¢m a nnnn

– G ñk E dleyIg s m Öa sn_m a nG a rm µN_f a B ½t ’m a nE dlKa t;pþ l;[m a nsa r³ s M xa n;

– G ñk E dleyIg s m Öa sn_m a nci t þcg ;pþ l;B ½t ’m a n

– eR b IR k EsE Pñk niya yn Uvc e m øIye LIg vij eda ye da yeR b IXøa sa red Im

v iF In a na e dImv iF In a na e dImv iF In a na e dImv iF In a na e dIm ,,,, IT T YlIT T YlIT T YlIT T Yl )))) a nc em øIy c MeB a Hs MN Yr eb Ika nc em øIy c MeB a Hs MN Yr eb Ika nc em øIy c MeB a Hs MN Yr eb Ika nc em øIy c MeB a Hs MN Yr eb Ik

• eB lE dl Gñk m inyl;n Uv cem øI yrbs;G ñk E dlela k G ñk sm Öa sn_


33



- “et IGñk ma nn ½yy:a g dUc em þ c ?”

- “et IGñk cg ;m a nn ½yf a y:a gdUc em þ c”

- “et IGñk Ga c R ) ab;́ bE n ßm eT o t) a neT G MBIT s Sn³ rb s;G ñk elIc M Nu ce na H ?”

• eB lE dl Gñk cg ;dwg n Uvc em øI ybE n ßm eT o t³

- “et IGñk Ga c B n ül ;bE n ßm eT o t) a neT cMe B a HcMNuc e nH”

- “G IV?” “Gñk Na ?” “eB lNa?” “k E n øg Na?”

“eda yreb o bNa ?”



CMhanCMhanCMhanCMhan5555³ ³ ³ ³ viPaK nigraykarNviPaK nigraykarNviPaK nigraykarNviPaK nigraykarN

k a rbB a© ÚlT in ñn ½yk a rbB a© ÚlT in ñn ½yk a rbB a© ÚlT in ñn ½yk a rbB a© ÚlT in ñn ½y

T in ñn ½ yT a Mg G s;R t Uv bB a © Úlk ñúg k MuB üÚT ½r m unn wg srubrWv iPa K elIbB a¢Ws M NYr rWT in ñn ½ym un v KÁ n ig eR k ay vKÁE d lR bm Ul) a nk ñúg CMh a nExcel KWG a c eR b IR ) a s;)rW k ¾G ñk Rt Uv k a reF VIk a rviP a Kk Rm itx

k a rv iP a KT in ñn ½yk a rv iP a KT in ñn ½yk a rv iP a KT in ñn ½yk a rv iP a KT in ñn ½y m a nv iF IeR c Ink ñg k a rv iPa KT in ñn ½yE dlG a c k MNt ;) a nBIk a reF VIesc k þIsn ñi dæa nel Ik a rk a rviP a K rrrr )))) a yeR b k ga yeR b k ga yeR b k ga yeR b k g ; ; ; ; n ig m F ümn ig m F ümn ig m F ümn ig m F üm k a rE bg E ck eRbkg ; n ig Fm üm Pa Km a nv iF Isa m BaØB Irya

xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca] Ta h rNdMeN Irk a r vit þn_ v im CÄk a r n i g v ish m CÄk a r k ñúg s ik ça sala m ®nþIrd æ20 07 .

dMeN Irk a rv ivt þ D & D

xøwm sa r

sm Öa r³

k R mit yl ;dwg

6666



viPaK nigraykarNviPaK nigraykarNviPaK nigraykarNviPaK nigraykarN____BIlTæplnanaBIlTæplnanaBIlTæplnanaBIlTæplnana

R t UvbB a© Úlk ñúg kMuB üÚT ½r m unn wg srub rWv iPa K elIbB a¢Ws M NYr rWT in ñn½ ym un v KÁ nig eR k ay a nk ñúg CMh a n 4 . m a nk m µv iF I software Ep ñk s ßit ieR cIn . k m µv iF Is a m B aØdUc Ca

) a nsm rm üeh I y elIk E lg E tGñk R tUv k a rm a nT Rm g;T inñn ½ yE dlF MsemrW k ¾G ñk R t Uvk a reF VIk a rv iPa Kk Rm it x<s ; . t a ra g T in ñn½ y KMr Um a nP¢a b;kñúg ]b sm <n æ½4

m a nv iF IeR c Ink ñg k a rv iPa KT in ñn ½y b :uE n þk a rviPa KK YrE tm a nlk çN³ sa m B a ða ta m E dl Ga ceF VIeT Aa nB Ik a reF VIes ck þIsn ñi dæa nel Ik a rka rv iPa K .

n ig Fm üm Pa Km a nv iF Is a m BaØB Irya :g k ñg k a rbgða j T inñn ½ y .T a h rN_xø H²é nr) a yeR b k g ; n igm F üm Pa Ké nk a rva yt ém øelIE p ñk

v im CÄk a r ni g vis hm CÄk a r k ñúg s ik ça sala m ®nþIrd æ) a lCa n; x<s

D & D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 0 0 0 3 2 10 23

0 0 2 2 1 6 14 33

0 0 0 1 5 6 33 62

34

R t UvbB a© Úlk ñúg kMuB üÚT ½r m unn wg srubrWv iPa K elIbB a¢Ws M NYr rWT in ñn ½ ym un v KÁ n ig eR k ay k m µv iF Isa m B aØdUc Ca MS

T in ñn ½ yE dlF Ms em ,Im 4 Ca Ék s a reya g ³

ta m EdlGa c eF VIeT A) a n

. n igm F üm Pa Kénk a rva yté m øelIE pñk nim Y y²

s ;k ñúg E x kk þda q ña M

9 10 srub

63 127 228

57 115 230

65 56 228


35



dMeN Irk a rviv t þ D & D m F üm Pa K

xøwm s a r 9.29

sm Öa r³ 9.04

k R mityl;d wg 8.50

s rub 8.94

k a reR b IRk a reR b IRk a reR b IRk a reR b IR )))) a sa sa sa s ;; ;; K Mn Us ta g edImK Mn Us ta g edImK Mn Us ta g edImK Mn Us ta g edIm ,,,, Ib g ða j T in ñn ½yIb g ða j T in ñn ½yIb g ða j T in ñn ½yIb g ða j T in ñn ½y KMn Usta g KWCa ] bk rN_d ¾m a nsa r³ s Mxa n;k ñú g k a rbg ða j Tin ñ n ½ys ßit i nig T in ñn ½ yE dl m a nlk çN³ s µúKs µa j ) a ny:a g sa mB aØ rh ½s n ig ga yR s Yl . KMnU st ag TaMg ena Hm a neR c InR b ePT rYm m a n Chart, graph n ig illustration . Chart m a nra g Ca rgVg ; n ig Chart m a nra g Ca srsr R t Uv) a neKeR b IR ) a s;Ca T UeT A .

.

Source: Top Management Seminar Implementation Report, GDLA Task Force, October 2007

Chart ra g Ca srsrbg ðaj lT æpl) a nl¥R bes Ir Ca g eB lE dlm a nTiñn ½ yeR cInR be P TR tUv eR b o b eF o b n ig edIm ,Ibg ða j BIT Mnak ;T Mng sMxa n;na na . xa g eeR ka m enHKW Ca ] Ta h rN_T a k ;T g nwg chart

ra g Ca srsrE dlbg ða j BIr) a yB in Þú et s þm unv KÁ n ig eR k a yv KÁé nk a rbNþúHb Nþa l m ®nþI G >r >m k ñúg E xk k áda q ña M 200 7 .


36



Source: GDLA Officials Training Implementation Report, GDLA Task Force, October 2007

k a reF VIrk a reF VIrk a reF VIrk a reF VIr )))) a yk a r Na yk a r Na yk a r Na yk a r N __ __ et InrNa R t Uv d wg G VIx øH et InrNa R t Uv d wg G VIx øH et InrNa R t Uv d wg G VIx øH et InrNa R t Uv d wg G VIx øH ????

m unn wg s resr r) a yk a rN_va yt ém ø e yIg R t Uvb gða j f a nrNa Ca G ñk dMb Ug E dlR t Uv eR b IR ) a s;k a rv a y t ém ø .G ñk E dl Rt Uv eRb IR ) a s;dMb Ug Ca b u KÁl Ca k ;la k;na na rWG g ÁPa B E dlB ½t ’m a nrbs ;Gñk TaMg ena H R t Uvk a rGñk p þl;CUne K . B Yk eKG a c Ca na yk k m µv iF I P¶a k ;g a rpþl;m Ul n iF i G ñk eF VIes ck þIseR m cc it þ k m µv iF I rWG ñk eF VIeKa l neya ) a y .G ñk E dleR b IR) a s;dMb U g dUc Ca na yk k m µviF Ina na n ig P¶a k ;ga r p þl; CMn Yy na na Ca T UeT AR t Uvk arn UvB ½t ’m a nbec ©k eT s n igB ½t ’m a nlm ¥it eR B a HBYk eKeF VIe s ck þIseR m c c it þs M xa n;T a k;T g n wgk mµviF Ib Nþú HbNþa lna na .


37



T R m gT R m gT R m gT R m g ;; ;; é nlT æp lT MTa ké nlT æp lT MTa ké nlT æp lT MTa ké nlT æp lT MTa k ;; ;; T Mng k a rv a yt é møT Mng k a rv a yt é møT Mng k a rva yt é møT Mng k a rv a yt é mø CMh a nbn Þa b;KWk MNt ;f a et ITRm g ;énk a rT Mna k;T Mng G VIxø HE dl m a nR b siT æiP a B b Mputk ñúg k a rbg ða jn Uv lT æplé nk a rv a yté m øCUnd l;G ñk eR b IR ) a s;bz m na na .eKGa ceR b IR ) a s;nUv s M NYr x a g eR k a m enH Ca R bT IbedIm , IeR CIse rIs B IT Rm g ;T Mna k ;T Mng E dlR twm R t Uv ³

et IB ½t ’m a nB ak;B n æ½nwg bB a ða Ca k ;E s þg rb s;G ñk eR b IR ) a s;R t g;c MNu c Na xøH n ig k ñg lk çxN ½Ð Na xø H ?

et Ik ñúg v isa lPa B Na xøHEdl B ½t ’m a nG a c G n uvt þ) a ncMeB a HG ñk eR b IR)a s;na eB l G na Kt? et Ik ñúg v isa lPa B Na xøH E dl B ½t ’m a nm a nsa r³s Mxa n ; n ig G a ceRb IR ) a s;) a nPøa m ²k ñúg

s ßa nPa B rbs;G ñk eRb IR ) a s; ? et IB t’m a nG VIxø HE dlG ñk eR b IR) a s ;Kit f a Ga c eCOCa k ;) a n ehIyf a et Ir) a yk a rN_G n uv t þ G VIx øH

E dlbB a ©ak ;[m a nk a reCO Ca k ;ena H? Source: Morris, Lynn Lyons et al. (1987). How to Communicate Evaluation Findings.

SAGE Publications.

eK a ls eg çbe lIeK a ls eg çbe lIeK a ls eg çbe lIeK a ls eg çbe lI )))) a yk a rNa yk a rNa yk a rNa yk a rN __ __ k a r va yt é m øk a r va yt é m øk a r va yt é m øk a r va yt é m ø b nÞa b ;BI) a ndwg f a etIB ½t ’m a nG VIx øH E dlB a k;B n æ½ n ig m a nsa r³ s Mxa n;c Me B a HG ñk eR bIR) as ;bz m ena H . G ñk Ga cb eg áIteKa lse g çbé nr) a yk a rN_va yt ém øm Y y . xa g eR ka m enHKW Ca ] Ta hrN_ ³

es c k þIs eg çbes c k þIs eg çbes c k þIs eg çbes c k þIs eg çb eKa lb MNg énk a rva yt ém ø G ñk s þa b;r) a yk a rN_va yt é m ø lT æplc b,g ² n ig G n usa sn_na na

k a rG F ibk a rG F ibk a rG F ibk a rG F ib ,,,, a yB Ik m µv iF Ia yB Ik m µv iF Ia yB Ik m µv iF Ia yB Ik m µv iF I

sa vt ak mµv iF I eKa ledA¼ eKa lb M Ng k mµv iF I G ñk Bak ;B n æ½na na rbs;k mµv iF I


38



sk mµPa B na na k a rb eg áIt k a rv a yt é m ø n ig viF Isa ®s þna nak a rb eg áIt k a rv a yt é m ø n ig viF Isa ®s þna nak a rb eg áIt k a rv a yt é m ø n ig viF Isa ®s þna nak a rb eg áIt k a rv a yt é m ø n ig viF Isa ®s þna na

eKa lb MNg énk a rva yt ém ø k a rbeg áIt ka rv a yté m ø v iF Isa ®s þR bm UlT inñn ½ y

k a rrk e XIj n ig lT æp lna nak a rrk e XIj n ig lT æp lna nak a rrk e XIj n ig lT æp lna nak a rrk e XIj n ig lT æp lna na k a rerob ra b;B Ireb o b é nk a rero bcMn Uv k a rrk e XIjna na ¬]> ta m k a rva yt ém øs MNYr

rWbB aða na na .l . ¦ lT æplna na é nk a rv iPa KelI T in ñn ½ yE bb Ku NP a B rWE b bbrim a Nna na E dlR bm Ul) a n

G n usa snG n usa snG n usa snG n usa sn __ __ G n usa s n_na na edIm ,Ic a t;v iFa nk a rN_eya g ta m es ck þIsn ñidæa n

]]]] b smb smb smb sm << << n æ½n æ½n æ½n æ½ b Ba ¢WeQ µa Hs ik ça k a m sm a Ör³b Nþú Hb Nþa l¼s ik ça s a la b Ba ¢Ws MNY r ets þm unv KÁ ¼eR k a yv KÁ c MNa ys rubelIk m µv iF I

Ék sa re ya gÉk sa re ya gÉk sa re ya gÉk sa re ya g ³³³³ � “Chapter 14 Data Analysis” (p.237-p.254), “Chapter 19

Communicating Program Results” (p.337-p.359) Handbook of Training

Evaluation and Measurement Methods.

� “8. Analyzing Evaluation Data” (p.267-p.308), “9. Communicating and

Reporting Evaluation Processes and Findings” (p.309-p.326) Building

Evaluation Capacity.

� “9. From Questionnaires to Survey Results” (p.175-p.200), “10.

Reporting Survey Results” (p.201-p.214) How to Conduct Your Own

Survey.

� “4. Selecting Commonly Used Statistical Methods for Surveys” (p.77-

p.121) How to Manage, Analyze, and Interpret Survey Data.

� How to Communicate Evaluation Findings.

� Evaluation Strategies for Communicating and Reporting.


39



]]]] b smb smb smb sm << << n æ½n æ½n æ½n æ½ 1111

TRmgTRmgTRmgTRmg;;;;bBa¢WsMNYrKMrUbBa¢WsMNYrKMrUbBa¢WsMNYrKMrUbBa¢WsMNYrKMrU

s ik ça sa la m ®n þIrd æ) a lCa n; x< s;


40




41




T Rm gT Rm gT Rm gT Rm g ;; ;; K Mr U ets þm un v K Á¼ eR k ay v K Á ¬K Mr U ets þm un v K Á¼ eR k ay v K Á ¬K Mr U ets þm un v K Á¼ eR k ay v K Á ¬K Mr U ets þm un v K Á¼ eR k ay v K Á ¬ vK Áb N þúH b Nþa lm ® n þI GvK Áb N þúH b Nþa lm ® n þI GvK Áb N þúH b Nþa lm ® n þI GvK Áb N þúH b Nþa lm ® n þI G >>>> rrrr >>>> m ¦m ¦m ¦m ¦

c em øIye t s þm un ¼ eR k a yv KÁc em øIye t s þm un ¼ eR k a yv KÁc em øIye t s þm un ¼ eR k a yv KÁc em øIye t s þm un ¼ eR k a yv KÁ vK Áb NþúH b N þa lm ®n þI GvK Áb NþúH b N þa lm ®n þI GvK Áb NþúH b N þa lm ®n þI GvK Áb NþúH b N þa lm ®n þI G >>>> rrrr >>>> mmmm

k a rva yt émøen Hm a ns MNY r20 E dlB a k;B ½n§n wg Rb B½n §R Kb;R Kg rdæ) a l m Uldæa nen A k m <úCa nig Cb :un eKa lne ya ) a yvim CÄk a r n ig v ish m CÄk a r Ts S n³ Ta ns Mxa n; ²en Ak ñúúg esc k þIR B ag c,a b; s þIB Ik a rR Kb;R Kg f ña k; rdæ) a l f ña k ; ext þ R k ug R s uk xNÐ n ig k a riya l½yR ck ecjc UlE t m Yy . s MN Y rn Im Y y² m a ncem øI y 4 E dlR t Uv eR CIs e rIs . s Um eR CI serIsyk c em ø Iym Yy E dl Gñk yl;f a R t wm R t Uv Ca g eK .

SESSION 3 ³³³³RbB½n§rdæ)almUldæan enARbeTskm<úCa nigCb:un 1111 ---- e tIen AR beTsk me tIen AR beTsk me tIen AR beTsk me tIen AR beTsk m << << úC a eK ero bc Mrc n as múC a eK ero bc Mrc n as múC a eK ero bc Mrc n as múC a eK ero bc Mrc n as m << << ½n § R bB ½n §RK b½n § R bB ½n §RK b½n § R bB ½n §RK b½n § R bB ½n §RK b ;; ;; R Kg G aCJa F r mUld æan yR Kg G aCJa F r mUld æan yR Kg G aCJa F r mUld æan yR Kg G aCJa F r mUld æan y :: :: ag d Uc e mþc ag d Uc e mþc ag d Uc e mþc ag d Uc e mþc ?

k) R bB ½n§G a CJa Frm Ul dæa nen Ak m <úCa E c k Ca 3f ña k ; ³ f ña k;ext þ Rk ug Rs uk xNÐ n ig XuM s g áa t ; . ✓

x) R bB ½n§G a CJa Frm Ul dæa nen Ak m<úCa E c k Ca 2f ña k ; ³ fña k ;ext þ R kug n ig R s uk xNÐ .

K) R bB ½n§G a CJa Frm Ul dæa nen A k m <úCa E c k Ca 4f ña k; ³ f ñak ;ext þ R kug R suk xNÐ XuM sg áa t ; n ig PUm i .

X) R bB ½n§G a CJa Frm Ul dæa nen Ak m <úCa ta m pøÚv c,a b ;m in) a nE b gE c k Ca fña k ;epSg ²e LI y .

2222 ---- et Im uxg a rNa mYy x ageRk aet Im uxg a rNa mYy x ageRk aet Im uxg a rNa mYy x ageRk aet Im uxg a rNa mYy x ageRk a mmmm en H Cam uxg a r rb sen H Cam uxg a r rb sen H Cam uxg a r rb sen H Cam uxg a r rb s ;; ;; r d ær d ær d ær d æ )))) a lf ñaka lf ñaka lf ñaka lf ñak ;; ;; ext þ ext þ ext þ ext þ R k ugR k ugR k ugR k ug ? ? ? ? k) ero bc ME pnk a rG Piv DÆ XuM

x) E tg ta Mg em PUm i

K) k a rc uHbB a ¢IG Rt a n ukUldæa n

X) elIk k m µviF IG Piv DÆ rb s;e xt þ R kug ✓

3333 ---- et Imux g a rN a m Yy xag eR k aet Imux g a rN a m Yy xag eR k aet Imux g a rN a m Yy xag eR k aet Imux g a rN a m Yy xag eR k a men Hmen Hmen Hmen H Cam uxg ar rd æCam uxg ar rd æCam uxg ar rd æCam uxg ar rd æ )))) al f ña kal f ña kal f ña kal f ña k ;; ;; R s uk R s uk R s uk R s uk x N Ðx N Ðx N Ðx N Ð?

k) k a rB a rmt ’k vb ,Fm’ n ig bris ß a nFm µCa t i .

x) TT Ylbn Þúk c m øg li xit G R ta n uk Uldæa n n ig rk Sa es o v ePAG Rta n ukUl dæa nq ña Mca s; ✓

K) ra yk a rN_eT Ardæa P i) a lk Nþ a l

X) ec jli xit G n uB a Øa t[eF VIB aNi C¢k m µ G a CIv k m µep Sg ²


42



SESSION 4³ ³ ³ ³ RTWsþI nigkarGnuvtþ eKalneya)ayvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkar 6666 > > > > et IG VIe T A Cav im CÄk ar et IG VIe T A Cav im CÄk ar et IG VIe T A Cav im CÄk ar et IG VIe T A Cav im CÄk ar ? ? ? ?

k ¦ edIm,IepÞrGMNac nigkarTTYlxusRtUvBIrdæ)alfñak;kNþal[eTAGaCJaFrmUldæanedIm,IRKb;RKg nigm©as;kar eday xøÜnÉg RBmTaMgP¢ab;CamYynUvFnFanhirBaØvtßú RTBüsm,tþi nigbuKÁlikpÞal;xøÚnedayELk. ✓

x¦ e dIm ,I epÞrG MNa c n ig k a rTT Ylx usR t Uv B Irdæ) a lf ña k ;kNþa l[eT AR kum R b wk Sa XMu s g áa t; edIm ,IR Kb;R Kg n ig m©as;k areday xøÜn É g R Bm T a MgP ¢ab ;Cam Yyn U vF n F a nh irB a Øvt ßú R TBüs m,t þi n igb u KÁl ik pÞal ;xøÚn eda yE Lk. K¦ Ca k a rE ck rME lk G MNa crb s;rdæ) a lk Nþa ldl ;r dæ) a lm Uldæa n ¬G a CJa Frm Uld æa n k a riya l½ y m n ÞI r¦ kñúg k a rG n uvt þnUv G MNa c b ¤ m uxg a rk ñúg na m xøÜnCa r dæ) a lk Nþa l eda ypþl; n Uv FnFa n b ¤k éR m es va nig ka r begáIn sm t ßPa B ehIyr dæ ) a lm Uldæa nTT YlxusR t Uv c Me B a Hrdæ) a lk Nþa l c ME Nk rdæ ) a lk Nþa len AE t TT YlR t Uv Ca cug eR k a yc MeBa Hm uxc, a b;.

4444 ---- et IR b Fan R k umR bwk SaX uM sg áatet IR b Fan R k umR bwk SaX uM sg áatet IR b Fan R k umR bwk SaX uM sg áatet IR b Fan R k umR bwk SaX uM sg áat ;; ;; ®t Uv®t Uv®t Uv®t Uv )))) an eR C Ise rIs eday rebo bNa an eR C Ise rIs eday rebo bNa an eR C Ise rIs eday rebo bNa an eR C Ise rIs eday rebo bNa ? ? ? ? k) E tg ta Mg eda yR k sYg m ha ép Þ

x) e) a Heq ña teda yR bCa B lrdæe n Ak ñúg XuM s g áa t ;?

K) eR CIser Iseda y em PUm i en Ak ñú g XuM sg áa t; .

X¦ RtUveRCIserI secjBI ebkç CnelxerogelIeKbg¥s; énbBa¢IebkçCnEdl)anTTYlsemøgeqñateRcInCageK ✓

5555 ---- et IR k umR b wk SaX uM et IR k umR b wk SaX uM et IR k umR b wk SaX uM et IR k umR b wk SaX uM sg áatsg áatsg áatsg áat ;; ;; n Im Yyn Im Yyn Im Yyn Im Yy ² ² ² ² man sm aCikR k um R bwk S ab uman sm aCikR k um R bwk S ab uman sm aCikR k um R bwk S ab uman sm aCikR k um R bwk S ab u :: :: n a µn n akn a µn n akn a µn n akn a µn n ak ; ; ; ; ?

k) R k um R b wk Sa XuM s g áa t ;nIm Y y² m a nsm a Cik Rk um Rb wk Sa8 nak ; .

x) R k um R b wk Sa XuM s g áa t;nIm Y y² m a nsm a Cik Rk um Rb wk Sa11na k;

K) RkumRbwkSaXuM sgáat;nImYy² mansmaCikRkumRbwkSaBI8eTA12nak; edayEp¥ktamRbCasa®sþ niPUmisaRsþ

X) RkumRbwkSaXuM sgáat;nImYy²mansmaCikRkumRbwkSaBI5eTA11nak; edayEp¥ktamRbCasa®sþ nigPUmisa®sþ ✓


43



X¦ CakarEckrMElkGMNacrbs;rdæ)alkNþaldl;RkumRbwkSaXMu sgáat; kñúgkarGnuvtþ nUvGMNacb¤muxgarxøÜnCa rdæ)alkNþaledaypþl;nUvFnFan b¤kéRmesva nigkarbegáInsmtßPaB ehIyrdæ)al mUldæanTTYlxusRtUv cMeBaHrdæ)alkNþalcMENkrdæ)alkNþalenAEtTTYlxusRtUvCacugeRkaycMeBaHmuxc,ab;.

7777 > > > > et IG VIe T A Cav ish mC Äka r et IG VIe T A Cav ish mC Äka r et IG VIe T A Cav ish mC Äka r et IG VIe T A Cav ish mC Äka r ? ? ? ? k ¦ ed Im, Iep Þ rGM Nac n igk arT T Yl xusR t UvB Ir d æ) al f ñak;k Nþ al[ eT AGC JaF rmUl d æan edIm ,IR Kb ;R Kg n igm ©as;ka r eda yxøÜn É g RBmT a M gP ¢ab ;C amYyn U vF n F an h irBa Ø vt ßú RT B üs m,t þi n igb uK Ál ik pÞal ;xøÚn e da yE Lk . x¦ ed Im ,I ep Þr GMNac n igka rT TYl xus Rt UvBIr d æ) al f ñak ;kNþ al [eT AR k umR b wkS aXMu sg áat;ed Im, IR Kb ;R K g n ig m©as;k areda yx øÜn É g R BmT a MgP ¢ab ;Cam Y yn U vF n F a nh irB a Øvt ßú R TBüs m,t þini gb uK Ál ik pÞ al;xø Ún eda yE Lk. K¦ Caka rE ck rME l kGMNa c r b s;rd æ) al k Nþal dl;rd æ) al m Ul d æan ¬GC JaF rmUl dæa n kariyal ½ym nÞI r¦k ñú gk ar Gn uvt þ nUvGM Na c b¤mu xga rkñú gna mxøÜn Card æ) al k Nþal edaypþl ;n UvF n F a n b ¤k éR me s va nigka rb egáIn s mtßP aB eh Iy rd æ) al mUl d æan T TYl xus R t Uvc Me BaH rd æ) a l k Nþal c ME Nk rd æ) al k Nþal en AE t TT Yl xus Rt UvCac ug eR k ayc Me BaH mu xc ,a b ;.

✓

X ¦¦¦¦ Cak arE ck rME l kGMN ac rb s;rd æ) al k Nþal dl;R k umR b wk SaXMu sg áat ; kñúgka rGn uvt þ n UvGMNa c b ¤mux ga rkñ úg n amxøÜn Ca rd æ) al kNþal edaypþl ;nUvF n F an b ¤k éR m es va n igkarb e gáIn s mt ßPaB eh Iy rd æ) al m Ul d æan TT Yl xusR t Uvc Me BaH rdæ) a l kNþa l cME Nkrd æ) a l kNþa l en AE t T TYl xus Rt UvCa cu g eR k ayc Me BaHm u xc ,ab ;.

8888 > > > > et IG VIe T A CaG tßn ½y énet IG VIe T A CaG tßn ½y énet IG VIe T A CaG tßn ½y énet IG VIe T A CaG tßn ½y én P aB C atMN ag ta mE bb lT §iR bCa F iety ü P aB C atMN ag ta mE bb lT §iR bCa F iety ü P aB C atMN ag ta mE bb lT §iR bCa F iety ü P aB C atMN ag ta mE bb lT §iR bCa F iety ü E dlCa Fat um Yy én eK alka rNE dlCa Fat um Yy én eK alka rNE dlCa Fat um Yy én eK alka rNE dlCa Fat um Yy én eK alka rN _ _ _ _ v im C Äka rv im C Äka rv im C Äka rv im C Äka r nignignignig v ish mC Äka rv ish mC Äka rv ish mC Äka rv ish mC Äka r ? ? ? ?

k ¦¦¦¦ k ME NTR mg;n wg B Rgwg t Yna T Irbs;R kum R b wk Sat a mfña k ;rdæ) a l ext þ R k ug R suk xNÐ n ig XMu sg áa t; Edlb eg IáteLIg ta m eKa lk a rN_ é nlT i§R bCa F ib ety ües rI e da yB R g Ik G MNa c Pa rk ic© k a rTT YlxusR t Uv nig FnFa n.

✓

x ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ kME NT R mg ;n wg ero bc MR bB ½n § n ig TR mg ;k a rna na sR m ab;R bCa B l rdæ B iess® s Iþ n ig R k um Cng a yrg eRKa H R k um Cn Ca t iedIm Pa Kt i c G a c cUl rYm k ñúg k a reF IVesc k IþseR m c cit þ en Ata m b Nþa fña k ;rdæ ) a l ext þ R k ug R s uk xNÐ n ig XM u s g áa t ; . K ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ kME NT R mg ;n wg B R gwg KNen yüPa B en AR Kb ;lM da b;f ña k ;rdæ) a l n ig sR m Yl k a rc UlrYm B in it üem I lrbs; R b Ca B lrdækñúgdMeNIrk arkarGnu vtþt Yna T I n ig Pa rk ic© nig Gnuvt þesckþIseRm ccitþ ehI yTT Ylxu sRtUvcMeBaH TegVIrbs; xøÜn eda yra yk a rN_n ig b B a¢a k ;BIm Uleh t uE dl xøÜ n) a nseR m c n ig ) a nG n uv t þ .


44



X ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ kME NTR m g ;n wg na Mesv a sa Fa rN³ [eT Aek ok n wg Gñk eR b IR) a s; eda yG n uB a Øa t[R bCa B l rdæ) a nc Ul rYm k ñúg k a rero bc MEp nk a rn igk a rRt YtB in it üesv a sa Fa rN³ T aMg ena H edIm ,Ieq Iø ytb eT An wg t R mUvk a r n ig G aT iP aB rbs ;m Uldæa n .


45



9999 >>>> et IG VIe T A C aG t ßn ½y énet IG VIe T A C aG t ßn ½y énet IG VIe T A C aG t ßn ½y énet IG VIe T A C aG t ßn ½y én ka rc Ul rYm r bska rc Ul rYm r bska rc Ul rYm r bska rc Ul rYm r bs ;; ;; R bCaB lrd æ R bCaB lrd æ R bCaB lrd æ R bCaB lrd æ E dlC aF atum Yy é n eKa lka rNE dlC aF atum Yy é n eKa lka rNE dlC aF atum Yy é n eKa lka rNE dlC aF atum Yy é n eKa lka rN __ __ vim C Äka r n ig vim C Äka r n ig vim C Äka r n ig vim C Äka r n ig vish m CÄka rvish m CÄka rvish m CÄka rvish m CÄka r ? ? ? ?

k ¦¦¦¦ k ME NTR mg ;n wg B Rg wgt YnaT Irbs ;Rk um R bwk Sa ta mf ñak ;rdæ ) a l ext þ R k ug R suk xNÐ n i g XMu s g áa t ; E dl beg Iát eLIg ta m eKa l k a rN_énlT i§ R bCa F ibet yüesrI eda yB Rg Ik GMNa c Pa rk ic © TT Ylxu sR t Uv n ig FnFa n.

x ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ k ME NTR mg ;nwg ero bc MRb B½n § n ig T R mg;k a rna na sR m ab ;Rb Ca B lrdæ B ies s®s Iþ n ig R kum Cng a yrg eR Ka H R kum CnCa t iedIm P a Kt i c G a cc Ul rYm k ñúg k a reFIVe sck IþseR m cc it þen A ta m bNþa fña k ;rdæ ) a l ext þ R kug R s uk xNÐ n ig XM u sg áa t;.

✓

K ¦¦¦¦ k ME NTR mg ;nwg BR g wg KNenyüPa B enAR Kb;lM da b;f ña k;rdæ) a l n ig s Rm Yl k a rc UlrYm B in it üem I lrbs; R bCa B l rdæ kñúgdMeNI rk arkarGnu vtþ t Yna T I n ig P a rk ic © nigGnuvtþesck þI seRmc citþ ehIyTTYl xu sRtUv cMeBa HTegVIrbs; xøÜn eda yra yk a rN_n ig bB a¢a k;B Im Uleh t uE dlxø Ün) a nseR m c nig ) a nG nuv t þ. X ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ k ME NTR m g ;nwg na Mesv a sa Fa rN³ [eT Aek ok n wg Gñk e Rb IR ) a s; eda yG n uB a Øa t [R bCa B lrdæ) a ncUlr Ym k ñúg k a rero bc ME pnk a r n igka rRt YtB in it ü esva sa Fa rN³ Ta Mg ena H edIm,Ieq I øytb eT An w g tR m Uvk a rnig G aT iPaB rbs;m Uldæa n.

1 01 01 01 0 > > > > etIG VIe T A C aG tßn ½y én etIG VIe T A C aG tßn ½y én etIG VIe T A C aG tßn ½y én etIG VIe T A C aG tßn ½y én KN en yü PaB én vis ½y s aFa rNKN en yü PaB én vis ½y s aFa rNKN en yü PaB én vis ½y s aFa rNKN en yü PaB én vis ½y s aFa rN³ E d lC aF at um Yy é n eKa lk arNE d lC aF at um Yy é n eKa lk arNE d lC aF at um Yy é n eKa lk arNE d lC aF at um Yy é n eKa lk arN __ __ vim C Äkar vim C Äkar vim C Äkar vim C Äkar nig v ish mCÄk arnig v ish mCÄk arnig v ish mCÄk arnig v ish mCÄk ar? ? ? ?

k ¦ k ME NTR m g;n wg B Rgwg tYna T Irbs;R k um R b wk Sa ta mf ñak ;rdæ ) a l ext þ R k ug R s uk xNÐ n i g XMu sg áa t;E dlbeg Iát eLIg ta m eKa l k a rN_énl T i§R bCa F ibet yüesr I eda y B Rg Ik G MNa c Pa rk ic©T TYlxu sR t Uv n ig FnFa n . x ¦¦¦¦ k ME NT R mg;n wg ero bc MR bB ½n§ n ig TR mg ;k a rna na sRm a b;R bCa B lrdæ B iess®s Iþ n ig R kum Cng a yrg eR Ka H R kum Cn Ca t iedIm Pa Kt ic G a c cUlrYm k ñúg k a re F IVesc k Iþse R m c cit þen A ta m b Nþa fña k;rdæ ) a lext þ R k ug R s uk xNÐ n ig XM u sg áa t;. K ¦¦¦¦ k ME NTR mg ;nwg B Rg wg KN eny üPa B enAR Kb;lMda b;f ña k ;rdæ) a l n ig s Rm Yl k a rc UlrYm Bin it üem Ilrbs; R bCa B l rdækñúgdMeNI rka rkarGnu vtþ t Yna T I n ig Pa rk ic© nig Gnuvt þesckþIseRmccitþ ehI yTT Ylxu sRtUv cMeBaH Teg VIrbs;xøÜ n edayra yk a rN_n ig bB a¢a k ;B Im Uleh t uE dlxø Ün) a nseR m c n ig ) a nG n uvt þ.

✓

X ¦¦¦¦ kMENTRmg;nwgnaMesvasaFarN³[eTAekoknwgGñkeRbIR)as; edayGnuBaØat[RbCaBlrdæ)ancUlrYmkñúgkarerobcM Epnkar nigkarRtYtBinitüesvasaFarN³TaMgenaH edIm,IeqIøytbeTAnwg tRmUvkar nigGaTiPaB rbs;mUldæan.


46



SESSION 5: TsSnTansMxan;²énesckþIRBagc,ab;erobcMGgÁkar

1 11 11 11 1 ---- etIÉ ksa rp øÚv cetIÉ ksa rp øÚv cetIÉ ksa rp øÚv cetIÉ ksa rp øÚv c ,,,, a ba ba ba b ;; ;; G VI E dl esc k þIR B ag cG VI E dl esc k þIR B ag cG VI E dl esc k þIR B ag cG VI E dl esc k þIR B ag c ,,,, a ba ba ba b ;; ;; e ro bc MG g Áka reR b ICa m Uld æan e ro bc MG g Áka reR b ICa m Uld æan e ro bc MG g Áka reR b ICa m Uld æan e ro bc MG g Áka reR b ICa m Uld æan ? ? ? ? k) R B Hra CR kwt üs þIB Ik a rbeg áIt K N³ k m µa F ika rCa t i dwk na Mk a rEk TR m g;v im CÄk a r n ig v ish m CÄk a r .

x) R k bx½NÐy uT §s a ®s þ s þIB Ik ME NT R m g;v im CÄk a r n ig v ish m CÄk a r . ✓

K) c, a b;s þIB Ik a rR Kb;R Kg rdæ) a lXu M¼s g áa t ; .

X) rdæFm µn uB a ØR B Hra Ca Na c Rk k m<úCa

1 21 21 21 2 ---- etIs ßab ½n Na mYy TT Ylx usR tUvk ñúg k ar e robc Mesc k þIR B ag cetIs ßab ½n Na mYy TT Ylx usR tUvk ñúg k ar e robc Mesc k þIR B ag cetIs ßab ½n Na mYy TT Ylx usR tUvk ñúg k ar e robc Mesc k þIR B ag cetIs ßab ½n Na mYy TT Ylx usR tUvk ñúg k ar e robc Mesc k þIR B ag c ,,,, a ba ba ba b ;; ;; er o bc MG g Áka r er o bc MG g Áka r er o bc MG g Áka r er o bc MG g Áka r ????

k) R k sYg m h a épÞ

x) KN³k m µa F ik a rCa t i dwk na Mka rE k TR m g;vim CÄk a r nig vis h m CÄk a r ✓

K) R kum R b wk SakME NT R m g;rdæ) a l

X) T Is þIk a rKN³r dæm ®n þI

1 31 31 31 3 ---- et Is ma sP aB é n esc k þIR B ag cet Is ma sP aB é n esc k þIR B ag cet Is ma sP aB é n esc k þIR B ag cet Is ma sP aB é n esc k þIR B ag c ,,,, a ba ba ba b ;; ;; e ro bc MG g Áka r bzm man G VIx øH e ro bc MG g Áka r bzm man G VIx øH e ro bc MG g Áka r bzm man G VIx øH e ro bc MG g Áka r bzm man G VIx øH ? ? ? ? k) (1) R k um R b wk Sa ( 2) buKÁl ik (3) k a re) a Heq ña t

x) (1) R k um R b wk Sa (2) KN³ k m µa F ika rR kum R b wk Sa R b Fa nRk um R b wk Sa G Pi) a l (3) b uKÁl i k

K) (1) R kum R b wk Sa (2) KN³ k m µa F ik a rRkum R b wk Sa Rb Fa nRk um R b wk Sa G Pi) a l (3) b uKÁ l ik (4) Rk um R bwk Sa Ca t i k a rG nuv t þm uxg a r n ig FnF a n

X) (1) R kum R b wk Sa (2) KN³ k m µa F ik a rRkum R b wk Sa Rb Fa nRk um R b wk Sa G Pi) a l (3) b uKÁ l ik (4) Rk um R bwk Sa Ca t i k a rG nuv t þ m uxg a r n ig FnFa n (5) ka re) a Heq ña t

✓

1 41 41 41 4 ---- t Mbnt Mbnt Mbnt Mbn ;; ;; R bC uMCn n wg R t UvR K bR bC uMCn n wg R t UvR K bR bC uMCn n wg R t UvR K bR bC uMCn n wg R t UvR K b ;; ;; R Kg xusB ItMbnR Kg xusB ItMbnR Kg xusB ItMbnR Kg xusB ItMbn ;; ;; Cn bT eday Gn uel a mta m esc k þIR B ag cCn bT eday Gn uel a mta m esc k þIR B ag cCn bT eday Gn uel a mta m esc k þIR B ag cCn bT eday Gn uel a mta m esc k þIR B ag c ,,,, a ba ba ba b ;; ;; ero bc MG g Áka rero bc MG g Áka rero bc MG g Áka rero bc MG g Áka r e lIkd Mb Uge lIkd Mb Uge lIkd Mb Uge lIkd Mb Ug . . . . xag eR k a men H etIxag eR k a men H etIxag eR k a men H etIxag eR k a men H etI E p ñkNa mYy E d lc atE p ñkNa mYy E d lc atE p ñkNa mYy E d lc atE p ñkNa mYy E d lc at ;; ;; T ukT ukT ukT uk Cat MbnCat MbnCat MbnCat Mbn ;; ;; R bC uMCnR bC uMCnR bC uMCnR bC uMCn ?

k) R kug PñMeB j

x) R kug PñMeB j Rk ug RB Hs Ih nu R k ug Ek b nig Rk ug é b:lin

K) R kug PñMeB j ext þes o m ra b nig ext þ) a t ;dMbg

X) RkugPñMeBj nigtMbn;RbCuMCnepSg²eTotdUcCaRkugRBHsIhnu Rsuk)at;dMbg Rsukesomrab nigXuM e)a:yEb:t . ✓


47



SESSION 9: krNIsikSa ³ kariyal½yRckecj cUlEtmYy

1 61 61 61 6 > > > > e tIR s ukN ax øH E d lRt Uve tIR s ukN ax øH E d lRt Uve tIR s ukN ax øH E d lRt Uve tIR s ukN ax øH E d lRt Uv )))) an eKe ro bc MCaR s uk KR mUt amx wøm s a rén esc k þIs eR mc e lx an eKe ro bc MCaR s uk KR mUt amx wøm s a rén esc k þIs eR mc e lx an eKe ro bc MCaR s uk KR mUt amx wøm s a rén esc k þIs eR mc e lx an eKe ro bc MCaR s uk KR mUt amx wøm s a rén esc k þIs eR mc e lx 4 74 74 74 7 ???? k ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ R suk es o m rab x ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ R suk ) a t;dMbg K ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ R suk es o m ra b nig R s uk )a t;dMb g ✓ X ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ R s uk es om ra b R suk ) at;dMb g n ig R s uk kMB g;c a m

1 71 71 71 7>>>> et Ika riy al½y Rc kecj c Ul Et m Yy R t Uvet Ika riy al½y Rc kecj c Ul Et m Yy R t Uvet Ika riy al½y Rc kecj c Ul Et m Yy R t Uvet Ika riy al½y Rc kecj c Ul Et m Yy R t Uv )))) an beg áIt eLIg eR ka m rc n as man beg áIt eLIg eR ka m rc n as man beg áIt eLIg eR ka m rc n as man beg áIt eLIg eR ka m rc n as m << << ½n §rd æ½n §rd æ½n §rd æ½n §rd æ )))) a lf ñaka lf ñaka lf ñaka lf ñak ;; ;; Na m YyNa m YyNa m YyNa m Yy ? ? ? ? k ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ rdæ) a lf ñak ;Ca t i x¦ r dæ) a lf ña k ;ext þ R k ug K ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ rdæ) a lR s uk xNÐ ✓ X ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ rdæ) a lX Mu sg áa t;

1 81 81 81 8 > > > > etIk a riy a l½y Rc kec jc UlE t mYy beg áIt eL Ig ed ImetIk a riy a l½y Rc kec jc UlE t mYy beg áIt eL Ig ed ImetIk a riy a l½y Rc kec jc UlE t mYy beg áIt eL Ig ed ImetIk a riy a l½y Rc kec jc UlE t mYy beg áIt eL Ig ed Im ,,,, IG VIIG VIIG VIIG VI ? ? ? ? k ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ pþl;esvakmµsaFarN³dl;RbCaBlrdæ shRKas nigGgÁkar sßab½nEdleFVIskmµPaBkñúgEdndIRsukrbs;xøÜn ✓ x ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ero bc ME pnk a rf vik a R suk nig ta m da nk a reRb IR ) a s;f v ik a R suk K ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ R bqa Mgka rR b RBwt þiGMeB IB uk rlYyEdlR b RB wt þieda ym ® n þIra Ck a r n ig b egþItT Mna k;T Mng l¥ n ig P aB eCO Ca k ; rva g rdæ) a lR s uk nig R bCa B lrdæ sh R KwnE dlm a nT Ita Mg enAk ñúg R suk rbs;xø Ün

1 51 51 51 5 ---- et IRb ey aK Na m Yy xag eR ka m Ed lT aket IRb ey aK Na m Yy xag eR ka m Ed lT aket IRb ey aK Na m Yy xag eR ka m Ed lT aket IRb ey aK Na m Yy xag eR ka m Ed lT ak ;; ;; Tg n wg R k um R b wk Saf ñakTg n wg R k um R b wk Saf ñakTg n wg R k um R b wk Saf ñakTg n wg R k um R b wk Saf ñak ;; ;; eR k a mCat i E dlp Þúy B Ie sc k þIR B ageR k a mCat i E dlp Þúy B Ie sc k þIR B ageR k a mCat i E dlp Þúy B Ie sc k þIR B ageR k a mCat i E dlp Þúy B Ie sc k þIR B ag cccc ,,,, a ba ba ba b ;; ;; e ro bc MG g Ák are ro bc MG g Ák are ro bc MG g Ák are ro bc MG g Ák ar e lIkt Mb Uge lIkt Mb Uge lIkt Mb Uge lIkt Mb Ug ? ? ? ?

k) KN³ k m µa F ik a rR Kb ;R Kg Rk um R b wk Sa R tUv E teR CIs erIs eLIg eda ysm a Cik R k um R b wk Sa c MeB a HR k um R b wik Sa Na E dl m a nsm a Cik eR cIn .

x) R k um R b wk Sa nIm Yy² R t Uv E tm an R k um R b wk Sa p þlR k um R b wk Sa p þlR k um R b wk Sa p þlR k um R b wk Sa p þl ;; ;; e ya ble ya ble ya ble ya bl ;; ;; E p ñk bec ©k eTsE p ñk bec ©k eTsE p ñk bec ©k eTsE p ñk bec ©k eTs

K) R k um R b wk Sa nIm Yy ² R t Uv E tbeg áIt K NK NK NK N ³³³³ k m µa F ik a r lT §k m µk m µa F ik a r lT §k m µk m µa F ik a r lT §k m µk m µa F ik a r lT §k m µ

X) R k um R b wk Sa nIm Yy ² R t Uv E tbeg áIt K NK NK NK N ³³³³ k m µa F ik a rB ie RK a Heya b lk m µa F ik a rB ie RK a Heya b lk m µa F ik a rB ie RK a Heya b lk m µa F ik a rB ie RK a Heya b l ;; ;; ® s þI® s þI® s þI® s þI ✓


48



X ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ CYyeda HR sa yCMel a Hr bs ;R bCa B lrdæ eda yG n uv t þn_;t a m bT bBa ¢a n ig n it iv iF IE dlm a nE c gk ñúg c, a b;

1 91 91 91 9 > > > > et IR b ey aKN am Yy k ñúg c MeN a mR bey aKx ag eR ka mEd lB n ü let IR b ey aKN am Yy k ñúg c MeN a mR bey aKx ag eR ka mEd lB n ü let IR b ey aKN am Yy k ñúg c MeN a mR bey aKx ag eR ka mEd lB n ü let IR b ey aKN am Yy k ñúg c MeN a mR bey aKx ag eR ka mEd lB n ül ;; ;; )))) an l¥C ag e K BIe sv ak mµE d lp þlan l¥C ag e K BIe sv ak mµE d lp þlan l¥C ag e K BIe sv ak mµE d lp þlan l¥C ag e K BIe sv ak mµE d lp þl ; ; ; ; ed ay ka riy a l½y Rc kecj c Ul Et m Yyed ay ka riy a l½y Rc kecj c Ul Et m Yyed ay ka riy a l½y Rc kecj c Ul Et m Yyed ay ka riy a l½y Rc kecj c Ul Et m Yy ????

k ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ pþl;es va k mµelO n eh I ym a nt ém øef a k ✓ x ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ka rp þl;esv a k m µel OnCa g mun b:uE nþ é f øesv a en Ark Sa té m ødU c m un K ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ éf øesv a m a nté m øef ak Ca g mun b:uE n þ ry³ eB lpþl ;esv a enArk Sa dUcm un X ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ é f øesv a n ig ry³ eB l pþl;esv a en Ark Sa dUc m un dE d l

2 02 02 02 0 >>>> k ñúg c MeN a mR b ey aKx ag eR ka m et IR b ey aKNam Yy E d ln iy ay B IP aB x øa Mg rb sk ñúg c MeN a mR b ey aKx ag eR ka m et IR b ey aKNam Yy E d ln iy ay B IP aB x øa Mg rb sk ñúg c MeN a mR b ey aKx ag eR ka m et IR b ey aKNam Yy E d ln iy ay B IP aB x øa Mg rb sk ñúg c MeN a mR b ey aKx ag eR ka m et IR b ey aKNam Yy E d ln iy ay B IP aB x øa Mg rb s ;; ;; k ar iy a l½y Rc kec j k ar iy a l½y Rc kec j k ar iy a l½y Rc kec j k ar iy a l½y Rc kec j c UlE t m Yy c UlE t m Yy c UlE t m Yy c UlE t m Yy b:uEnþminRtwmRtUv ????

k ¦ ka riya l½yR c k ec j c U lE tm Yym a nT It aMg k a riya l½ye nAc M cMn Nu c k Nþa l E dl eF VI[B Yk eKg a yR s Yl CYb nwg R bCa B lrdæ. x¦ kari yal½ yRckecjcU lEtmY y manem:ageFVIkargarbeRmIGtifi Cn)anl¥ KW cab;BIem:ag7>30-9>30naTIRBwk

✓ K¦ té m øé nR beP Tesv a xus² Kña R t Uv ) a neKsresr elIp Þa Mg k þa r d¾F ME dlG ñk R Kb; Kña Ga cem Ile XIj. X¦Rkumkargarénkariyal½yRckecj cUlEtmYymancritsuPaBrabsar nigmanTMnak;TMngl¥ ecHCYy RbCaBlrdæ


49




50




s MNYr na na s þIB Ik a rG eg át el Ip lbs MNYr na na s þIB Ik a rG eg át el Ip lbs MNYr na na s þIB Ik a rG eg át el Ip lbs MNYr na na s þIB Ik a rG eg át el Ip lb :: :: HB a lHB a lHB a lHB a l ;; ;; 1> et IvKÁb Nþú HbN þú Hb Nþa l¼s i k ça sa la TaMg m Ul ) a np þl;G t þ R beya Cn_ dl ;k a rg a rrb s;G ñk E drrWeT ?

¬) a T ¼ca +/ eT ¦

2> R bs ineb I “) aT ¼ca +” c UrBn ül;f a eh t uGVI) a nCa v a pþl;G t þR beya Cn _ . Rb s ineb I “eT” rWk ¾ “m indwg”

c UrB n ül ;B Im Uleh t u ?

3> et Im a nc MeN Hdwg Ca k ;la k ;Na m Yye Ts þIB IeKa l ne ya ) a yv im CÄk a r nig vis h m CÄk a r n ig c,a b;ero bc MG g Ák a r E dlG ñk ) a neR bIR ) a s ;enAk Enøg k a rg a rrbs;G ñk E drrWeT bn Þa b;B IT TYl ) a nk a rbNþúHbNþa l ? ¬) a T ¼ca + / eT ¦

4> R bs ineb Ieq øI y “) a T¼c a+”cUr[ ]T a h rN_Ca k ;la k ;m Yy .R b s ineb Ieq øI y “eT” rW “m indwg” c UrB n ül ;B Im Uleh t u ?

5 > et IGñk m a n)a neR b IR ) a s;sm Öa r³ bNþú HbN þa l Edrr WeT bn Þa b;B IG ñk ) a nc Ulr Ym k ñúg vKÁbN þú HbNþa l rWs ik ça sa la ? ¬) a n/ min) a n¦

6> R bs ineb Ieq øI yf a “) a n” et Ism Öa r³ bNþú HbNþa lG VI x øHEd lG ñk ) a ne Rb IR ) a s; eh IyeR b Ik ñúg eKa l b MNg G VI . R bs ineb Ieq øI yf a “eT” rW “m indwg” c UrB n ül;B Im Uleh t u ?

7> et IGñk m a n)a neR b IR ) a s;G VIE d lG ñk ) a nero nBIk ñúg vKÁbN þú H bNþa l¼s ik ça sa l a en Akñú g k a rga rrbs;G ñk eT ? ¬) a n/ min) a n¦

8> R bs ineb Ieq øI yf a “)a n” c UrelIk ] Ta h rN_ y:a g eh a cNa s;m Yy . R bs ineb Ieq øI yf a m in “min)a n” rW “m indwg” cUrB nül;B Im Ul eh t u ?


51



9 > eda ysa rE tv KÁbN þú Hb Nþa l rWs ik ça sa la et IG ñk m a n)a npøa s;b þÚrn Uvk a ryl ; eXIj Gt þcrik rW\ ri ya b TG VIxø H E drrWeT ?

1 0> R bs ineb Ieq øI yf a “)a n” c Urel Ik ] Ta h rN_Ca k ;la k;y:a g eh a c Na s;m Yy

1 1 > et Ik a rKa MR TbE n ßm G VIx øHeT o tE dlCYyG ñk[eF VIk a rg a r) a nRbes IrCa m un ?

1 2> et IGñk m a nG nus a sn _ rwm t ieya b l;G VI xø HeTedIm, IE k lm ¥alv KÁb NþúHbN þa l rWs ik ça s a la ?


52



]]]] smsmsmsm << << n æ½n æ½n æ½n æ½ 4444

KMrUTRmg;bBa©ÚlTinñn½y vKÁbNþúHbNþalm®nþI G>r>m

CONTENT METERIAL TRAINER UNDRST CONTENT METERIAL TRAINER UNDRST

1 1 9 8 7 7 7 6 6

1 2 10 10 8 8 10 10 6 7

1 3 2 3 4 4 2 3 4 4

1 4 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 6

1 5 9 8 8 8 9 8 7 7

1 6 8 7 8 8 8 6 8 8

1 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

1 8 7 10 4 5 8 10 3 4

1 9 9 7 7 8 9 7 7 8

1 10 7 6 7 8 9 9 8 7

1 11 8 9 7 6 8 8 7 6

1 12 8 8 7 6 8 8 7 6

1 13 7 8 6 7 8 8 7 6

1 14 7 8 5 7 8 8 6 7

1 15 6 7 5 5 5 7 4 4

1 16 8 8 6 5 5 8 8 6

1 17 9 8 6 5 6 8 6 8

1 18 5 6 5 5 4 5 5 4

1 20 9 9 8 6 8 6 8 7

2 1 9 10 9 7 8 10 9 7

2 2 7 8 9 9 9 9 10 9

2 3 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 9

2 4 9 9 9 9 8 8 9 8

2 5 8 9 8 7 7 9 7 8

2 6 8 8 7 5 9 9 9 8

2 7 10 8 8 9 9 8 8 10

2 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

2 9 9 7 9 9 9 7 9 9

2 10 8 7 9 9 9 7 8 8

2 11 9 10 10 10 7 8 9 9

2 12 9 9 10 9 9 9 9 9

2 13 9 10 9 9 9 10 9 10

2 14 9 8 10 9 9 8 10 9

2 15 9 10 9 9 8 10 8 8

2 16 8 8 7 5 6 7 7 5

2 17 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 8

2 18 7 8 9 8 10 8 9 8

2 19 8 4 7 6 9 6 7 6

2 20 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8

2 21 8 8 8 7 7 7 8 7

2 22 10 9 8 7 9 8 7 8

2 23 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 7

Average 8.10 8.02 7.62 7.31 7.83 7.88 7.50 7.24

Seminar

No

Participant

No

Session 3:

Local Government System

Session 4:

D&D Theory and Practice


53



Appendix 5

bBa¢IepÞógpÞat;r)aykarN_vaytémø 1. c MNg eC Ig T MB ½r c MNg eC Ig T MB ½r c MNg eC Ig T MB ½r c MNg eC Ig T MB ½r ³ ³ ³ ³ ❑ cM NgeCIgRtU vkM Nt;BIGVIEdlRtUvvaytémøedayrab;bBa¢ÚlTaMgRkumeKaledApgebIsi nGaceFVI)an ❑ c MNg eC Ig R tUv E tc ,a s;la s ; n ig xøI e dIm ,Is Mr Yldl;k a rero b cMt a ra g Gk Srero b ero g eQµa Hes o v ePA ❑ bg ða jeQ µa HG ñk n iB n§ nig T Mna k;T Mng ❑ k a l briecäT k a rero bc M ❑ G t ßb T n ig Ék s a renAc MNgeCIg T MB ½rR t UvE t c,a s;la s ; ni g erob cM[) a nR t wm R t Uv

2. es c k þIs eg çb es c k þIs eg çb es c k þIs eg çb es c k þIs eg çb ❑ B N’na B IKeR m a g ¼k mµv iF I ³ ❑ s MNY rv a yté m ø n ig e Ka lb MNg énk a rv a yté m ø ❑ seg çbBI rbk KMeh Ijs M xa n;² ❑ pþl ;Ca G n usa sn _ R b s ineb IG a c eF VI) a n ❑ seg çb n igB N’na BIrc na sm <½ n §én r) a yk a rN_ 3. ta ra g m at ik a nig E pñk ep Sgta ra g m at ik a nig E pñk ep Sgta ra g m at ik a nig E pñk ep Sgta ra g m at ik a nig E pñk ep Sg ²²²² E dlm a ne n A xa g edIm é n rE dlm a ne n A xa g edIm é n rE dlm a ne n A xa g edIm é n rE dlm a ne n A xa g edIm é n r )))) ayk a rNayk a rNayk a rNayk a rN _ _ _ _ ❑ ta ra g ma t ik a Rt Uvm a ny:a g eha cNa s ;cMNg eCIg F M n ig c M Ng eCIg rg énr) a yk a rN_ ❑ c MNg eC Ig n ig T MB ½rR t UvE t c,a s;la s ; ❑ bB a ¢Ita ra g Rka Pic düa R k a m n ig ] bsm<½n §R t Uv m a nP¢a b ;pg E dr eb IG a c eF VI) a n ❑ G t ßb TTTYls Áa l; Ca m Yynig Ék s a reya g rbs;G ñk ]b t ßm Ö G ñk R bmUlB ½t ’m a n>> >>.l . ❑ ta ra gB ak üka t;R t Uv m a nP¢a b;eb IG a ceF VI) a n

4. k a rB N’na B Ik m µv iF I k a rB N’na B Ik m µv iF I k a rB N’na B Ik m µv iF I k a rB N’na B Ik m µv iF I ³ ³ ³ ³ ❑ k a rB N’na BIk m µviF IE dlR t Uve F VIk a rv a yté m ø ¬ra b;b B a¢ÚlT a Mg Rbv t þi bribT eb InG a c eF VI) a n ¦ ❑ k MNt ;R kum eKa le dAE dlCa s ik ça ka m ❑ B N’na B Isk m µP aB rbs;KeR m a g

5. k a rb eg áIT R m gk a rb eg áIT R m gk a rb eg áIT R m gk a rb eg áIT R m g ;; ;; v a yt é m ø n ig rUbm n þ v a yt é m ø n ig rUbm n þ v a yt é m ø n ig rUbm n þ v a yt é m ø n ig rUbm n þ ³ ³ ³ ³


54


e sov e PA Ee sov e PA Ee sov e PA Ee sov e PA E Nn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bNþúH b NþalNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bNþúH b NþalNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bNþúH b NþalNn aMsþIB Ikar v ay tém økar bNþúH b Nþal ❑ eKa lb MNg énk a rv a yté m ø n ig s MNYr v a yté m ø ❑ v iF Isa ®s þva yt ém ø E dl yk m k eR bIR ) a s; ❑ rUbm n þé nk a rRb mUlB ½t ’m a n ❑ ero bc Mbeg áIt TR mg ;va yt ém ø eda yra b;bB a¢ÚlT a Mg eB levl a énk a rRb m UlB½t ’m a n n ig ka reR bI

rUbm n þR bm Ul T in ñn ½yCa k ;la k ; ❑ R bPB B½t ’m a n n ig T in ñn½ y ❑ R BME dnénk a rv a yté m ø 6. r bk KMeh Ij n ig l T §pl r bk KMeh Ij n ig l T §pl r bk KMeh Ij n ig l T §pl r bk KMeh Ij n ig l T §pl ³ ³ ³ ³ ❑ briya yB Irbk KM eh Ij [) a nc,a s ; n ig sm eh t up l ❑ R ka P ic ta rag düa Rk a m R t Uvda k ;cMNg eCIg [) a nc ,a s;l a s ; n ig g a yyl; ❑ BiP a k Sa el Irb k KMeh Ij KW ra b ;bBa © ÚlTaMg rbk KMeh Ijvi C¢m a n n ig G v i C¢m a n. R Kb ;s MN Yrva yt ém ø

R t Uv E tma nk a req øIytb n ig Bn ül; [) a nc,a s ;la s;B Im Ul eh t ué ns MN Yr E dl m i nm a nk a req øIytb ❑ rbk KMeh Ij KWRt Uv ) a nE k tR mUv y:a g h µt;c t; 7. s n ñid æa n n ig G n usa s ns n ñid æa n n ig G n usa s ns n ñid æa n n ig G n usa s ns n ñid æa n n ig G n usa s n _ _ _ _ ³ ³ ³ ³ ❑ BiP a k Sa nig eF VIk a rbk R sa yelIrb k KM ehIj ❑ seg çb n ig s nñidæa ny :a g R t wm Rt Uv eda ym a nk a req øIytb n wg rbk KMeh Ij ❑ k a rv in icä½ yeT AelI cMN uc l ¥ n i g c MNuc xV Hxa trbs;k m µv iF I ❑ eb IG a c R t Uvp þl ;Ca Gn usa sn_ eda ye ya g ta m l T§pl énr bkk Meh Ij

8. É k sa re ya g nig É k sa re ya g nig É k sa re ya g nig É k sa re ya g nig ]]]] bsmbsmbsmbsm << << ½n § ½n § ½n § ½n § ³ ³ ³ ³ ❑ TR mg ;sm R sbm YyR t Uv) a neR b IR ) a s;Ca R b ca Ms Rm ab;Ék sa reya g Ta Mg Gs ; ❑ Ék sa reya gm in[m a nk Mh us ❑ R t Uv m a nÉk sa reya g ra l;k ardk R sg ;G t ßbT epSg ² ❑ R t Uv m a nbB a© Úl] bsm <½n §P ¢a b ; ❑ B½t ’m a n n ig T in ñn½yk ñ úg ]b sm <½n §R t Uv E tm a nB n ül;c ,a s;l a s ; R bPB ³ Adopted from Torres, Rosalie T., et al. (2005). Evaluation Strategies for Communicating And Reporting. Sage Publications.

esovepaennamsþibki arvaytémøkarbnþúhbnþal · 2013. 7. 18. · p aø sbrÚ e da yel ki yk nvu...

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