ergonomía y pymes - ugt-fica · ergonomía y pymes especial referencia al sector de talleres de...

Ergonomía y PYMESEspecial referencia al sector de

talleres de reparación de automóviles

Edita: Secretaría de Salud Laboral UGT-CEC

Colabora: Secretaría de Salud Laboral y Medio Ambiente MCA-UGT Federación de Industria

Este trabajo ha sido realizado para UGT-CEC por el Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia (IBV)

Autores del texto (IBV):

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Edita:

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Colabora:

!" @$9%$&*%A*(0$(@*"60(1*#'%*"(F(G$08'(!-#8$/&$(G;!D5BC(E+&*&*"

Agradecimientos:

H6$%$-'+(*?%*0$9$%($I3%$+*-$/&$(*(&'0'+("'+(&%*#*.*0'%$+(F(%$+3'/D

+*#"$+(0$("'+(08<$%$/&$+(&*""$%$+(>6$(J*/(3*%&8983*0'($/($"($+&608'(0$(

9*-3'K

L(C$I&'(MNO

Edita: Secretaría de Salud Laboral UGT-CEC

Elabora: Secretaría de Salud Laboral y Medio Ambiente MCA-UGT.

Federación de Industria

Impresión y Encuadernación: Cañizares Artes Gráficas, S.A.

Depósito Legal: M-49607-2011

5

Contenido

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7

1. INTRODUCCIÓN

1.1. PRESENTACIÓN Y OBJETIVOS

E"(0$+*%%'""'(0$("*(*9&8U80*0("*#'%*"($/(9'/0898'/$+(*0$96*0*+($+(6/*(0$("*+(3%8'%80*0$+(>6$(/6$+&%*(+'98$0*0(J*(0$(9'/+80$%*%( +8(>68$%$( ""*-*%+$(*U*/4*0*K(1*(3%$U$/982/(0$(%8$+?'+( "*#'%*"$+($+(6/'(0$( "'+( 8/089*0'%$+(-_+(3'&$/&$+(3*%*(-$08%( "*(9*"80*0(0$( "*+(9'/0898'/$+(0$(&%*#*.'(F(+$(%$"*98'/*(*-3"8*-$/&$(9'/("*(+*"60d($"(#8$/$+&*%d("*(+*&8+<*9D982/(F(&*-#8\/("*(3%'069&8U80*0K

!+A( 9'-'( "*( +$?6%80*0( F( "*( J8?8$/$( J*/(-$.'%*0'( /'&*#"$-$/&$( $/( "'+( e"&8-'+( *7'+d("'+(3%'#"$-*+(*+'98*0'+(*(6/*+(9'/0898'/$+($%?'/2-89*+(8/*0$96*0*+(0$"(&%*#*.'($+&_/(*0>68%8$/0'(6/*(8-3'%&*/98*(9%$98$/&$K(@$($+&_(3%'0698$/0'(6/(*6-$/&'($/($"(/e-$%'(0$(&%*+&'%/'+(0$(&83'(-6+96"'D$+>6$"\&89'+(fCGEg($/&%$("'+(&%*#*.*0'%$+d(>6$(+$(*+'98*(3%8/983*"-$/&$(*("*+(9'/0898'/$+($%?'/2-89*+(0$"(&%*#*.'K(E+&'($+(3*%&896"*%-$/&$(U8+8#"$($/("'+(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"$+K

)8?6%*(P(h(!9&8U80*0$+(9'/(%8$+?'($%?'/2-89'($/(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"$+K

E/("'+(&8$-3'+(>6$(9'%%$/d("*(-$.'%*(0$("*($%?'/'-A*($/("'+(36$+&'+(0$(&%*#*.'d(/'(J*(0$(9'/+80$%*%+$(9'-'(6/*(96$+&82/(#*/*"('(9'-'(6/(+8-3"$(iU*"'%(*7*080'jK(1*(*0$96*982/(0$"(36$+&'(*("*(3$%+'/*(J*(0$(+$%(6/(<*9&'%($+$/98*"(0$("*('%?*/84*982/(0$"(&%*#*.'d(>6$(*+'98*(6/(-$.'%( &%*#*.'(f-*F'%(3%'069&8U80*0d(-$.'%(9'-3$&8&8U80*0g(F(6/*(+6+&*/98*"(%$069982/($/("'+(9'+&$+(0$%8U*0'+(0$("*+(#*.*+(F("'+(*9980$/&$+("*#'%*"$+K

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8

m( R8+$-8/*%( "*(96"&6%*(0$( "*(3%$U$/982/($/&%$( "*+(3$>6$7*+(F(-$08*/*+($-3%$+*+(0$"(+$9&'%d( 9'/( $"( k/( 0$( >6$( +$( 3%'0649*( 6/( 9*-#8'( 0$( J_#8&'+( F( 9'/069&*+( &$/0$/&$(*( %$0698%( "*( 8/980$/98*(0$(3%'#"$-*+($%?'/2-89'+(F(0$( &%*+&'%/'+(0$( &83'(-6+96"'D$+>6$"\&89'K

m( G$.'%*%("*+(9*3*980*0$+(0$(*9&6*982/(3%$U$/&8U*($/("*+($-3%$+*+d(8/<'%-*/0'(+'#%$("'+( %8$+?'+( $%?'/2-89'+( -_+( 8-3'%&*/&$+( F( 3%'3'%98'/*/0'( 9%8&$%8'+( $%?'/2-89'+(?$/$%*"$+(F($+3$9Ak9'+(0$(&*%$*+(%$3%$+$/&*&8U*+(0$"(+$9&'%K

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1.2. METODOLOGÍA EMPLEADA

:*%*($"*#'%*%($"(-*/6*"(+$(J*(+$?680'(6/*(.$%!=!;!,/010$(8/U$+&8?*982/(9$/&%*0*($/("'+(+8?68$/&$+(*+3$9&'+l

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9

m( E+&608'(0$(9*-3'($/("'+(36$+&'+(0$(&%*#*.'(+$"$998'/*0'+d(9'/($"(k/(0$($U*"6*%("'+(%8$+?'+($+3$9Ak9'+(0$($+&'+(36$+&'+(F('#&$/$%(8/<'%-*982/(0$(3%8-$%*(-*/'(3'%(3*%&$(0$(%$+3'/+*#"$+(F(&%*#*.*0'%$+K

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1.3. ESTRUCTURA Y CONTENIDO

E"( 9'/&$/80'( 0$"(-*/6*"( $+&_( '%?*/84*0'( $/( &$-*+d( "'+( 96*"$+( &%*&*/d( 0$+0$( *+3$9&'+(?$/$%*"$+( 0$( "*( $%?'/'-A*d( J*+&*( 36/&'+( $+3$9Ak9'+( 0$( 9*0*( 6/'( 0$( "'+( 36$+&'+( 0$(&%*#*.'(9'/+80$%*0'+K(;*0*(6/'(0$("'+(&$-*+(>6$(9'-3'/$/($"(-*/6*"(+8?6$(6/*($+&%69D&6%*(3*%$980*d(9'/(6/(0$+*%%'""'(0$(9'/&$/80'+(0'/0$(+$(&%*&*/("'+(08+&8/&'+(*+3$9&'+($/(3%'<6/080*0(f8"6+&%*0'+(9'/(k?6%*+($(8-_?$/$+(0$"($+&608'(0$(9*-3'gd(F(9'/(6/(%$+6-$/(k/*"(>6$($+(6/*(%$9'38"*982/(+'#%$("'+(*+3$9&'+(&%*&*0'+(-_+(%$"$U*/&$+K

E"(9'/&$/80'(0$("'+(&$-*+(>6$(9'-3'/$/($"(-*/6*"($+($"(+8?68$/&$l

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m( 1'+(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"$+K

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n( )89J*+(9'/(%$9'-$/0*98'/$+(-_+(0$&*""*0*+(F($.$-3"'+K

10

2. ENTENDER LA ERGONOMÍA

2.1. QUÉ ES LA ERGONOMÍA

1*(E%?'/'-A*($+(6/(9'/.6/&'(0$(9'/'98-8$/&'+(>6$(&%*&*(0$(*0*3&*%("'+(3%'069&'+d("*+(&*%$*+d("*+(J$%%*-8$/&*+d("'+($+3*98'+(F($"($/&'%/'($/(?$/$%*"(*("*(9*3*980*0(F(/$9$+8D0*0$+( 0$( "*+( 3$%+'/*+K( E"( '#.$&8U'( 3%8/983*"( 0$( "*( $%?'/'-A*( $+(-$.'%*%( "*( $k98$/98*d(+$?6%80*0(F(#8$/$+&*%(0$("'+(&%*#*.*0'%$+K

5/(*+3$9&'(-6F(8-3'%&*/&$(0$("*($%?'/'-A*($+(>6$($+&_(9$/&%*0*($/("*+(3$%+'/*+K(:'%($""'d("*($%?'/'-A*($+&608*("*+(%$*998'/$+d(9*3*980*0$+(F(J*#8"80*0$+(0$("'+(&%*#*.*0'D%$+d(0$(-*/$%*(>6$(+$(36$0*(08+$7*%(+6($/&'%/'(F($"$-$/&'+(0$(&%*#*.'(*.6+&*0'+(*($+&*+(9*3*980*0$+(F(>6$(+$(9'/+8?*/(6/*+(9'/0898'/$+(23&8-*+(0$(9'/<'%&(F(0$($k9*98*(3%'069&8U*K

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m( 1'+(*+3$9&'+(-$/&*"$+('(3+89'+'98*"$+(0$"(&%*#*.'l(0$+9*/+'d(3%$+82/(0$(&8$-3'+d(3*%&8983*982/($/("*+(0$98+8'/$+d(%$"*98'/$+($/&%$(9'-3*7$%'+(F(9'/( "'+(%$+3'/+*#"$+d($&9K

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)8?6%*(V(h(E%?'/'-A*l($U*"6*982/(0$("'+(*"9*/9$+(-_I8-'+(0$(6/*(3$%+'/*K

11

1*+(%$9'-$/0*98'/$+($%?'/2-89*+(36$0$/(8-3"89*%(9*-#8'+($/($"(08+$7'(0$"(36$+&'('($/("*(-*/$%*(0$(%$*"84*%($"(&%*#*.'K(G69J*+(0$($+&*+(+'"698'/$+(+'/(+$/98""*+(F(0$(<_98"(*3"89*D982/(f3'%($.$-3"'l(9*-#8*%("*(6#89*982/(0$(-*&$%8*"$+d(6+*%(J$%%*-8$/&*+(-_+(*0$96*0*+('(%$*"84*%(3*6+*+(3$%82089*+go('&%*+(36$0$/(+$%(-_+(9'-3"$.*+(f3'%($.$-3"'l(08+$7*%(6/*(/6$U*(-_>68/*('(9*-#8*%("*('%?*/84*982/(0$"(&%*#*.'gK(:'%($""'(%$+6"&*(3*%&896"*%-$/&$(8-3'%&*/&$(9'/+80$%*%( "'+(9%8&$%8'+($%?'/2-89'+(0$+0$( "*+($&*3*+( 8/898*"$+(0$"(08+$7'(F(*0>68+8982/(0$("*+(-_>68/*+d(J$%%*-8$/&*+(F($/&'%/'+(0$(&%*#*.'K

2.2. POR QUÉ ES IMPORTANTE LA ERGONOMÍA EN EL PUESTO DE TRABAJO

1*($%?'/'-A*(36$0$(*F60*%(*(-$.'%*%("*+(9'/0898'/$+(0$(&%*#*.'K(!+A(+$(9'/+8?6$(-*/&$D/$%(6/(-*F'%(/8U$"(0$(+*"60l("*+(-$.'%*+($%?'/2-89*+(%$069$/("*+(0$-*/0*+(<A+89*+(0$"(&%*#*.'(F('3&8-84*/( "*+(*9&8U80*0$+(>6$( &$/$-'+(>6$( %$*"84*%K(E+&'(0*(9'-'( %$+6"&*0'(6/*(%$069982/($/("*(3'+8#8"80*0(0$(+6<%8%(6/*("$+82/('(0$(3*0$9$%(0'"$/98*+(*+'98*0*+(*"(0$+$-3$7'("*#'%*"K(=&%'($<$9&'(#$/$k98'+'(0$("*($%?'/'-A*($+(>6$d(*"(-$.'%*%($"(08+$7'(0$"($/&'%/'("*#'%*"d(+$(9'/+8?6$(8/9%$-$/&*%("*($k98$/98*(F("*(3%'069&8U80*0K

5/*(0$("*+(9'/+$96$/98*+(-_+(U8+8#"$+(0$("*(<*"&*(0$(9'/0898'/$+($%?'/2-89*+($/($"(36$+&'(0$( &%*#*.'( +'/( "*+( ;$(&!-$(1.?(:?;!9$(M?$;N%&:0(d( "*+( 96*"$+( *<$9&*/( *( -e+96"'+d(&$/0'/$+d(J6$+'+d("8?*-$/&'+('(08+9'+(8/&$%U$%&$#%*"$+K

E+&$(&83'(0$("$+8'/$+(+6$"$(+$%(0$(!"#$!%&#'(#)*#&+,-)d(-*/8<$+&_/0'+$(*"(3%8/9838'(9'-'(-'"$+&8*+('(0'"'%($/(98$%&*+(3*%&$+(0$"(96$%3'(f$+3*"0*d(96$""'d(#%*4'+dKKKg(F($U'"698'/*/0'(3'+&$%8'%-$/&$d(+8(/'(+$(-$.'%*/("*+(9'/0898'/$+($%?'/2-89*+(0$"(&%*#*.'d(J*98*("$+8'/$+(9'-'(9'/&%*9&6%*+d(&$/08/8&8+d(&e/$"(9*%38*/'d($&9K

5/'(0$("'+(*+3$9&'+(-_+(0$+&*9*0'+(0$("*+("$+8'/$+(9*6+*0*+(3'%(<*9&'%$+($%?'/2-89'+($+(>6$(/'(*3*%$9$/(8/-$08*&*-$/&$d(+8/'(>6$(+$('%8?8/*/(3'%("*($I3'+8982/(3%'"'/?*0*(*"(%8$+?'K(!(08<$%$/98*(0$(0*%/'+(6/(?'"3$(9'/($"(#*.'(0$(6/(9'9J$('(0$(9'%&*%/'+(9'/(6/*(J$%%*-8$/&*d("*+("$+8'/$+($%?'/2-89*+(+$(3%'069$/(3'%(<*9&'%$+(>6$($/(6/(3%8/9838'(/'(9'/+80$%*-'+(9'-'(3$"8?%'+'+d(3'%($.$-3"'l(&%*#*.*%(9'/+&*/&$-$/&$(9'/("'+(#%*4'+("$U*/&*0'+(*"(*99$0$%(*( "*+(3*%&$+(#*.*+(0$(6/(*6&'-2U8"d(?8%*%($"( &%'/9'(9'/+&*/&$D-$/&$(3*%*(-'/&*%(38$4*+(0$"(-'&'%('(%$*"84*%(-'U8-8$/&'+(%$3$&8&8U'+(9'/("*(-67$9*(*"(*.6+&*%(38$4*+(0$"(9'9J$p

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m( q*9$%( $I9$+8U*( <6$%4*d( 9'-'( 96*/0'( +$(-*/836"*/( 9*%?*+( 3$+*0*+( f3'%( $.$-3"'( *"(9'"'9*%("*+(%6$0*+(0$"(9'9J$('(*"(-*/$.*%(3*%&$+(3$+*0*+(0$"(-'&'%gK

m( ,$*"84*%(-'U8-8$/&'+(%$3$&8&8U'+(f3'%($.$-3"'d(96*/0'(+$(*3%8$&*/(38$4*+gK

m( !0'3&*%(3'+&6%*+(<'%4*0*+(f3'%($.$-3"'d(&$/$%($"(96$""'($9J*0'(J*98*(*&%_+(F("'+(#%*4'+("$U*/&*0'+(96*/0'(+$(&%*#*.*($/($"(<'+'('(0$#*.'(0$"(9'9J$gK

m( Q'(0$+9*/+*%("'(+6k98$/&$K(:'%($+'($+&*+("$+8'/$+(+$(""*-*/("!./.0"%,-"+d(F*(>6$($"(0$+9*/+'(<*U'%$9$("*(%$963$%*982/(*/&$(6/($+<6$%4'('(6/*(3'+&6%*(<'%4*0*K

12

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5/( *+3$9&'(-6F( 8-3'%&*/&$( $+( >6$( $"( &%*#*.*0'%( +$*( 9*3*4( 0$( %$9'/'9$%( "'+( %8$+?'+($%?'/2-89'+( $I8+&$/&$+( $/( +6( 36$+&'( 0$( &%*#*.'( 3*%*d( 0$( $+*(-*/$%*d( 3'0$%( ""$U*%( *(9*#'(*998'/$+(3*%*(3%$U$/8%"'+K(E/("'+(+8?68$/&$+(9*3A&6"'+(+$(-'+&%*%_/(-69J'+(0$($+'+(%8$+?'+(F(3'+8#"$+(+'"698'/$+(>6$(36$0$/($U8&*%"'+K

1'+(36/&'+($+$/98*"$+(*("'+(>6$(J*F(>6$(3%$+&*%(*&$/982/(+'/l

m( 1*+(-_>68/*+d(J$%%*-8$/&*+(F($>683*-8$/&'(6+*0'+($/($"(&%*#*.'K

m( 1*(<'%-*($/("*(>6$(+$(%$*"84*/("*+(&*%$*+l(J_#8&'+(F(3%_9&89*+(0$(&%*#*.'K

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m( 1*+(-'"$+&8*+(9'%3'%*"$+('9*+8'/*0*+(3'%($"(&%*#*.'K

3. LOS TALLERES DE REPARACIÓN DE AUTOMÓVILES

3.1. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL SECTOR

5/(U$JA96"'(*6&'-2U8"($+(&'0'(*3*%*&'(9*3*4(0$(98%96"*%(3'%("*+(UA*+(3e#"89*+(>6$d(0'&*0'(0$(-$08'+(0$(3%'36"+82/(-$9_/89*(3%'38'+($(8/0$3$/08$/&$+(0$"($I&$%8'%d(98%96"*(+8/(9*%%8D"$+d(0$+&8/*0'(&*/&'(*"(&%*/+3'%&$(0$(3$%+'/*+(9'-'(0$(9'+*+('(-$%9*/9A*+d(*+A(9'-'($"(*%%*+&%$(0$('&%'+(U$JA96"'+d(8/9"680'+("'+(%$-'">6$+d(U$JA96"'+(*%&896"*0'+d(-'&'989"$&*+(F(989"'-'&'%$+K

1'+( &*""$%$+(0$( %$3*%*982/(0$(U$JA96"'+( +'/( "'+($+&*#"$98-8$/&'+( 8/06+&%8*"$+(0'/0$( +$($<$9&e*/('3$%*98'/$+(>6$(9'/""$U*/(*("*(%$+&8&6982/(0$("*+(9'/0898'/$+(/'%-*"$+(0$"(U$JAD96"'(F(0$(+6+(9'-3'/$/&$+K

E"(+$9&'%(0$("*(*6&'-'982/($+&_(<'%-*0'(3'%l

m( E-3%$+*+(0$(<*#%89*982/(0$(U$JA96"'+

m( E-3%$+*+(0$(<*#%89*982/(0$(9'-3'/$/&$+

m( O$/&*(0$(U$JA96"'+

m( G*/&$/8-8$/&'(F(%$3*%*982/(0$(U$JA96"'+

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13

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E/("*(C*(#"*(V(+$(36$0$('#+$%U*%($"(/e-$%'(0$(&*""$%$+(3'%(9*&$?'%A*+(0$(/e-$%'(0$(*+*"*D%8*0'+($/("'+(e"&8-'+(](*7'+l

K6KOKPAKQR6 STTU STTV STWT STWW

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14

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1'+(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(U$JA96"'+(F(0$(+6+($>683'+(+$(36$0$/(9"*+8k9*%($/(<6/982/(0$(08+&8/&'+(9%8&$%8'+l

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15

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16

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3.2. PUESTOS DE TRABAJO Y TAREAS QUE SE REALIZAN

1'+( 3$%k"$+( 0$( &%*#*.*0'%$+( 0$( &*""$%$+( 0$( %$3*%*982/( 0$( *6&'-2U8"$+( +'/( '963*0'+(-*F'%8&*%8*-$/&$(3'%(J'-#%$+K(1'+(36$+&'+(0$(&%*#*.'D&83'(-_+(%$3%$+$/&*&8U'+(+'/("'+(+8?68$/&$+l

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c1 J`08&(%07(1"$U*(*(9*#'("*+(*9&8U80*0$+(0$(%$3*%*982/d(+6+&8&6982/(F(36$+&*(*(36/&'(0$(4'/*+(*<$9&*0*+(0$("*(9*%%'9$%A*d(+6(<6/982/(3%8/983*"($+(?*%*/&84*%("*(9'/<'%-80*0(0$"(*+3$9&'d("*(<6/98'/*"80*0d("'+(%680'+(F("*($+&*/>6$80*0K

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3.3. PROBLEMAS ERGONÓMICOS MÁS FRECUENTES

1'+(&%*#*.*0'%$+(0$(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"$+($+&_/(+'-$&80'+(*(/6-$%'+'+(%8$+?'+(0$(&83'($%?'/2-89'K

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!("'("*%?'(0$"(+8?68$/&$(*3*%&*0'(+$(0$+9%8#8%_/("'+(3%8/983*"$+(%8$+?'+($%?'/2-89'+($/($"(+$9&'%(0$"(-$&*"(f+6#+$9&'%(0$(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"$+g(*+A(9'-'(*"?6/*+(%$9'-$/0*98'/$+(e&8"$+(3*%*($"8-8/*%('(%$0698%(+6(8/980$/98*K

17

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)8?6%*(^(h(:'+&6%*+(<'%4*0*+K

50-&8?;0:&>-1.0-?0;1=$1:0+,0(\

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)8?6%*(W(h(G*/$.'(0$(J$%%*-8$/&*+K

18

4. EVALUAR LAS CONDICIONES ERGONÓMICAS EN EL TALLER

4.1. POR QUÉ Y CÓMO EVALUAR

EU*"6*%($+(/$9$+*%8'(&*/&'(3*%*(80$/&8k9*%("'+(%8$+?'+($I8+&$/&$+($/($"(36$+&'(0$(&%*#*.'d(9'-'(3*%*(+$"$998'/*%("*+(-$080*+(-_+(*0$96*0*+(3*%*($U8&*%(089J'+(%8$+?'+K(1*($U*"6*D982/(0$(%8$+?'+($%?'/2-89'+($+(6/(3%'9$+'(>6$($/($"(>6$(J*F(>6$(9'/+80$%*%("'+(+8?68$/D&$+(*+3$9&'+l

m( Q'(+$(&%*&*(0$(6/*(8/&$%U$/982/(%_380*('(36/&6*"K(@$(&%*&*(0$(6/(3%'9$+'(*("*%?'(3"*4'd($"(96*"(+$(*3'F*($/(6/(3"*/(0$(-$.'%*(9'/&8/6*0*K

m( E"('#.$&8U'(3%8/983*"($+("*(%$069982/(0$(%8$+?'+d("'(>6$(+8/(060*(&*-#8\/(%$06/0*%_($/($"(8/9%$-$/&'(0$("*($k98$/98*(F("*(+*&8+<*9982/(0$("'+(&%*#*.*0'%$+K

m( 1*( %$9'?80*( 0$( 8/<'%-*982/( e&8"( $+( $"( 3%8-$%( 3*+'( >6$( 0$#$( %$*"84*%+$K( E+&'( 36$0$(J*9$%+$d($/(3%8-$%*(8/+&*/98*d(0$(-*/$%*(8/<'%-*"K(!"?6/'+(*+3$9&'+(9"*U$(>6$(J*F(>6$(9'/+80$%*%(+'/l(

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(D N6+9*%(38+&*+(+'#%$(3%'#"$-*+($%?'/2-89'+($/( "'+(%$?8+&%'+($+9%8&'+(fJ8+&'%8*"(0$(>6$.*+(<'%-*"$+d(#*.*+("*#'%*"$+d($&9KgK

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19

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m( E/($"(08+$7'('(8/*6?6%*982/(0$(6/(/6$U'(&*""$%K

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m( ;6*/0'(9*-#8$/(*+3$9&'+(0$("*('%?*/84*982/(0$"(&%*#*.'K

m( ;6*/0'(+$(-'08k>6$/(+$%U898'+('(+$(*7*0*/('&%'+(/6$U'+K

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(D N*.*+(*+'98*0*+(*(3%'#"$-*+(-6+96"'D$+>6$"\&89'+(f"6-#*"?8*+d(&$/08/8&8+d($&9KgK

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4.2. LISTA DE COMPROBACIÓN ERGONÓMICA EN TALLERES DE REPA-RACIÓN DE AUTOMÓVILES

1*+(+8?68$/&$+(3%$?6/&*+(36$0$/(0*%(6/*(80$*(%_380*(0$(96_"$+(+'/("'+(3%8/983*"$+(%8$+?'+($I8+&$/&$+( $/( 6/( &*""$%( 9'/9%$&'K( ;6*/0'( *( 96*">68$%*( 0$( "*+( +8?68$/&$+( 96$+&8'/$+( +$(%$+3'/0*(i@Ajd(J*(0$(U*"'%*%+$("*(/$9$+80*0(0$(3%'<6/084*%($/($"(3%'#"$-*(F(3"*/&$*%+$(*9&6*98'/$+(0$(-$.'%*K

OA6HK1Q*1JR53PRBKJA_^1*PGR^_5AJK1*^1HKOO*P*611Q*1P*3KPKJA_^1Q*1KFHR5_DAO*6

3R6HFPK61ERPeKQK6

P tq*F(-*&$%8*"(+8&6*0'($/($"(+6$"'u @Z(v(w(Q=(v(w(Q:(v(w

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@Z(v(w(Q=(v(w(Q:(v(w

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20

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Y tq*F(>6$(0$+3"*4*%($"$-$/&'+(3$+*0'+(0$(&%*#*.'(f+'3'%D&$+d(08+3'+8&8U'+(0$(08*?/2+&89'd($>683'+(0$($I&%*9982/(0$(?*+$+d($&9gu


5K^*fR15K^FKO1Q*1JKPGK6

P[ tq*F(>6$(-*/836"*%(9'/(<%$96$/98*('#.$&'+(0$(X(x?('(-_+(3$+'(0$(-*/$%*(-*/6*"u


PP t1*( -*/836"*982/( -*/6*"( 0$( 9*%?*+( 9'/+&8&6F$( "*( &*%$*(3%8/983*"(0$"(36$+&'(0$(&%*#*.'u


PV t1*+(-*/836"*98'/$+(0$('#.$&'+(+$(+6$"$/(""$U*%(*(9*#'(+8/(*F60*(0$($"$-$/&'+(-$9_/89'+u


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21

4.3. OTROS MÉTODOS ERGONÓMICOS PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LAS CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO

Manual para la evaluación y prevención de riesgos ergonómicos y psicosociales en PYME

E+&$(-*/6*"d($"*#'%*0'(3'%($"(M/+&8&6&'(Q*98'/*"(0$(@$?6D%80*0( $( q8?8$/$( $/( $"( C%*#*.'( fMQ@qCg( F( $"( M/+&8&6&'( 0$(N8'-$9_/89*(0$(O*"$/98*(fMNOgd(&8$/$(3'%('#.$&8U'(3%'3'%D98'/*%(6/'+(3%'9$08-8$/&'+(+$/98""'+(3*%*("*(80$/&8k9*982/(F($U*"6*982/(0$("'+(%8$+?'+($%?'/2-89'+(F(3+89'+'98*"$+K

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22

Ergo/IBV

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E+&'+(-206"'+(3$%-8&$/(*/*"84*%(&*%$*+(0$("$U*/&*-8$/&'d(&%*/+3'%&$d($-36.$(F(*%%*+&%$(0$( 9*%?*+d( F( 0$&$%-8/*0*+( 9'-#8/*98'/$+( 0$( $+&*+( *998'/$+d( 9*"96"*/0'( 6/( 123,!&( 0$(%8$+?'(0$(&%*+&'%/'+(-6+96"'D$+>6$"\&89'+(fCGEg(3*%*("*(4'/*(0'%+'"6-#*%(0$("*($(80;=0K

23

M/9"6F$( 3%'9$08-8$/&'+( $+3$9Ak9'+( 3*%*( $U*"6*%( "$U*/&*-8$/&'+d( &%*/+3'%&$+d( $-36.$+(F(*%%*+&%$+K(M/9"6F$(6/(-206"'(3*%*(U*"'%*%(9'/0898'/$+(0$("$U*/&*-8$/&'+(9'/($"$U*0*(U*%8*#8"80*0d(*+A(9'-'('&%'(-206"'($+3$9Ak9'(3*%*($U*"6*%(*( &%*#*.*0'%$+(9'/( "$+8'/$+("6-#*%$+K(

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5>=?;!(1=$18!(%?+0(1<!+b0=0(

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m( E"(+$?6/0'(+$(*3"89*(*"(*/_"8+8+(0$(&*%$*+(9'/(3'+&6%*+(8/*0$96*0*+(0$(%+!-:!a1:?$;;!a1.&$."+!(1 (?8$+&!+$(1 !1 &-<$+&!+$(K( :$%-8&$( 9*"96"*%( "*( 0$/'-8/*0*(8?-%?0:&>-1P*BKd(>6$(8/089*($"(/8U$"(0$(%8$+?'(0$("$+82/(-6+96"'D$+>6$"\&89*(F($"(/8U$"(0$(*9982/(/$9$+*%8'(3*%*(%$0698%(089J'(%8$+?'K

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24

5. CÓMO MEJORAR LAS CONDICIONES ERGONÓMICAS

E/($+&$(9*3A&6"'(U*-'+(*('<%$9$%(6/*(+$%8$(0$(3*6&*+(F(%$9'-$/0*98'/$+(3*%*(-$.'%*%("*+(9'/0898'/$+($%?'/2-89*+d(3'/8$/0'($"(<'9'(0$(*&$/982/($/("'+(3%8/983*"$+(3%'#"$-*+($%?'/2-89'+(>6$(+6$"$/(0*%+$($/("'+(&*""$%$+K

5.1. ANTES DE EMPEZAR

Principios ergonómicos generales

E"(08+$7'(*0$96*0'(0$"(36$+&'(0$(&%*#*.'(0$#$(+$%U8%(3*%*l

m( B*%*/&84*%(6/*(9'%%$9&*(08+3'+8982/(0$"($+3*98'(0$(&%*#*.'K

m( EU8&*%("'+($+<6$%4'+(8//$9$+*%8'+K(1'+($+<6$%4'+(/6/9*(0$#$/(+'#%$3*+*%("*(9*3*980*0(<A+89*(0$"(&%*#*.*0'%K

m( EU8&*%(-'U8-8$/&'+(>6$(<6$%9$/("'+(+8+&$-*+(*%&896"*%$+K(1*+(*"&6%*+d(*"9*/9$+(F(J'"?6D%*+(J*/(0$(*0*3&*%+$(*("*+(08-$/+8'/$+(9'%3'%*"$+(0$"(&%*#*.*0'%K(1*+(3'+&6%*+($+&_&8D9*+d(*6/>6$(/'(+$*/(<'%4*0*+d(&*-#8\/(J*/(0$($U8&*%+$K

m( 1*+(J$%%*-8$/&*+(F($>683'+(J*/(0$(*0$96*%+$(*"(&%*#*.*0'%(F(*("*(&*%$*K(E/($+3$98*"(J*/(0$(+$%(&4!,&2%&+5'&-,%"#'()+%.#"+'6)#7"3"+'3&'0"+'/"2)+')'0"'&+("03"5'2)'+&#'&8!&9+,-"/&2%&'(&+"3"+':'2)'%#"2+/,%,#'-,;#"!,)2&+<

m( EU8&*%d(0$/&%'(0$("'(3'+8#"$("'+(&%*#*.'+($I9$+8U*-$/&$(%$3$&8&8U'+K

m( 1'?%*%(6/*(9'%%$9&*(U8+8#8"80*0(F(6/*(*0$96*0*(08+3'+8982/(0$("'+($"$-$/&'+(0$(&%*#*.'K

Prepararse para el trabajo

E"(&%*#*.'($/(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"$+(&8$/$(6/*+($"$U*0*+($I8?$/98*+(0$(&83'(<A+89'(F(&*-#8\/(*-#8$/&*"K(:'%($""'($+(-6F(8-3'%&*/&$($+&*%(#8$/(3%$3*%*0'(3*%*(%$*"84*%("*(&*%$*K(

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25

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!" ;'/( "'+( #%*4'+( %$"*.*0'+d(%$*"89$(-'U8-8$/&'+(98%96D"*%$+( 9'/( "'+( J'-#%'+d(3%8-$%'($/(08%$9982/(*/&$D%8'%( F( "6$?'( $/( 08%$9982/(3'+&$%8'%K

26

JROF5^K

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27

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!" ;'"'>6$( "'+( #%*4'+( +'#%$( "*( 9*#$4*d(.6/&*/0'("*+(-*/'+(9'-'(+$(-6$+&%*($/("*(k?6%*d("6$?'($+&8%$(J*98*(*%%8#*(F(6/(3'9'(J*98*(*&%_+K(@'+&$/?*K(N*.$("'+(#%*4'+K(,$"*.$K

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28

JROF5^K

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29

5A*5BPR61A^E*PARP*6

!" !32F$+$($/(6/*(+63$%k98$($+&*#"$K(;'"'>6$(6/(38$(3'%(0$"*/&$( 0$"( '&%'K( )"$I8'/$("*( %'08""*( >6$( +$( $/96$/D&%*( *0$"*/&*0*d( 0$( <'%-*(>6$($"( &*"2/(/'( +$(0$+3$D?6$(0$"(+6$"'K(R$#$(+$/&8%(&$/+82/($/("*(3*/&'%%8""*(0$("*( 38$%/*( >6$( +$( $/96$/D&%*( 3'%( 0$&%_+K( @'+&$/?*d(%$"*.$( F( %$38&*( 9*-#8*/0'(0$(38$%/*K

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30

5.2. PRINCIPALES PROBLEMAS ERGONÓMICOS Y RECOMENDACIONES

Posturas forzadas en el trabajo

A=$-%&d:0:&>-1=$;18+!";$.0

1*+( 3'+&6%*+( $I&%$-*+( 0$( "*( 9'"6-/*( U$%&$#%*"( F( 0$( "*+( *%&896"*98'/$+( f3'%( $.$-3"'d(z$I8'/$+(F(?8%'+g(>6$(+$(%$*"84*/($/($"(&%*#*.'(+'/(3$%.60898*"$+(3*%*("*($+3*"0*d(96$""'d(#%*4'+(F(38$%/*+d($+3$98*"-$/&$(+8(+$(.0-%&$-$-1=?+0-%$1.?:`!1%&$.8!('(($1+$0;&b0-1=$1.0-$+01+$8$%&%&'0K(

1*+(3'+&6%*+(<'%4*0*+(+'/d(.6/&'(9'/($"(-*/$.'(0$(9*%?*+(F("*(*3"89*982/(0$(<6$%4*+d($"(%8$+?'(-_+(<%$96$/&$($(8-3'%&*/&$($/("'+(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"$+K

!"?6/'+( $.$-3"'+( 0$( +8&6*98'/$+( $/( "*+( >6$( 36$0$/( 0*%+$( 3'+&6%*+( <'%4*0*+( +'/( "*+(+8?68$/&$+l

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)8?6%*(PV(h(G*&$%8*"(+8&6*0'(+'#%$($"(+6$"'K

C%*#*.'($/(4'/*+($"$U*0*+(0$(-*/$%*(+'+&$/80*K(E+&$($+(6/'(0$("'+(3%8/98D3*"$+(3%'#"$-*+($/("'+(&*""$%$+K(C*/&'(+8(+$(&%*#*.*($/($"(<'+'(9'-'(&6-#*0'(#*.'( $"( U$JA96"'d( +$( -*/&8$/$( 6/*(3'+&6%*(<'%4*0*($/("*(>6$("'+(#%*4'+($+&_/(-6F(z$I8'/*0'+(F(9'/(<%$96$/D98*($"(96$""'($+&_($9J*0'(J*98*(*&%_+K

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31

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49

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m( B6*%0*%( "*+(J$%%*-8$/&*+(-$/'+(6+*0*+($/($+&*/&$+('(*%-*%8'+($+3$9Ak9'+K(1*+(J$%%*-8$/&*+(-_+(<%$96$/&$+(J*/(0$($+&*%(+8$-3%$(*"(*"9*/9$K

m( Q'(0$.*%("*+(J$%%*-8$/&*+($/($"(+6$"'K(5+*%(9*%%'+(F(+'3'%&$+(9'/(%6$0*+(3*%*(&$/$%D"*+(*(6/*(*"&6%*(9'%%$9&*(F(+8$-3%$(*"(*"9*/9$K

)8?6%*(TT(h(5+*%(9*%%'+(3*%*(J$%%*-8$/&*+K

70

Condiciones ambientales

1*+(&*%$*+(>6$(+$(%$*"84*/($/("'+(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"$+(&8$/$/("6?*%($/(9'/0898'/$+(*-#8$/&*"$+(-6F(U*%8*0*+($/(<6/982/(0$("*(\3'9*(0$"(*7'd("*(J'%*(0$"(0A*d($&9K

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1*(3\%080*(0$"(9*"'%(3'%($<$9&'(0$("*($I3'+8982/(*(#*.*+(&$-3$%*&6%*+(36$0$(&$/$%(&*-#8\/(9'/+$96$/98*+(?%*U$+K(G69J'+(0$("'+(*9980$/&$+(0$(&%*#*.'(+'/(9'/+$96$/98*(0$("*(3\%080*(0$(0$+&%$4*('(0$( "*(9*3*980*0(-$/&*"(0$( "*(3$%+'/*($I36$+&*d(3'%( "*(<*"&*(0$(-$080*+(3%$U$/&8U*+(*0$96*0*+K

1*+(#*.*+(&$-3$%*&6%*+(+'/(<*9&'%$+(+'#%$("'+(>6$($+(8-3'+8#"$(8/z68%d("'(>6$('#"8?*(*("'+(&%*#*.*0'%$+(*(6&8"84*%(%'3*(0$(*#%8?'K(E+&'(9'/""$U*(8/9'-'080*0($/("'+(-'U8-8$/&'+K(E/("'+(&%*#*.'+(>6$(+$(%$>68$%*(0$+&%$4*(-*/6*"d(+$(0$#$/(&'-*%(-$080*+(96*/0'("*($I3'+8D982/($I9$0*("'+(Vb(-8/6&'+($/(*-#8$/&$+(9'/(&$-3$%*&6%*+(8/<$%8'%$+(*("'+(Pb|;d(9'/($"('#.$&8U'(0$(-*/&$/$%("*+(-*/'+(9*"8$/&$+K

=&%'($"$-$/&'(*-#8$/&*"(-6F(8-3'%&*/&$($+("*(&;?.&-0:&>-d(F*(>6$(9'/0898'/*("*(9*3*D980*0(0$(%$*"84*%( "*( &*%$*(*0$96*0*-$/&$(F(&*-#8\/($+&_(%$"*98'/*0*(9'/( "*+(3'+&6%*+(<'%4*0*+(0$(96$""'(F($+3*"0*K

P$:!.$-=0:&!-$(1,$-$+0;$(1

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m( ;'-#8/*%($"(6+'(0$("64(/*&6%*"(9'/("*("64(*%&8k98*"K(:'%('&%'("*0'd("*("64(>6$($/&%*(3'%("*+(U$/&*/*+(J*(0$(3'0$%(k"&%*%+$(*(&%*U\+(0$(08<6+'%$+(9'-'(3$%+8*/*+d(9'%&8/*+d($&9K

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:*%*(%$0698%("'+(3%'#"$-*+(0$(+?&=!(+$(%$9'-8$/0*(>6$("*+($+&*/98*+($+&\/(9'/U$/8$/&$D-$/&$(*8+"*0*+(+8($/($""*+(U*/(*(%$*"84*%+$(08+&8/&*+(*9&8U80*0$+K(1*(9'"'9*982/(0$(-*&$D%8*"$+(*#+'%#$/&$+($/($"(+6$"'('($/($"(&$9J'd('("*+(-*-3*%*+(+$3*%*0'%*+($/(+*"*+(-6F(?%*/0$+(+'/(-$080*+(*(9'/+80$%*%K

71

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m( :"*/8k9*%("*+(&*%$*+(-_+(3$+*0*+($/("*+(J'%*+(0$(-$/'%(9*"'%K

m( 5+*%(&$.80'+(>6$(<*U'%$49*/("*(&%*/+38%*982/(F(+$*/(<%$+9'+(9'-'($"(*"?'02/(F(0$(9'"'D%$+(9"*%'+K(

m( EU8&*%("*+(9'-80*+(9'38'+*+d($"(*"9'J'"('("*(9*<$A/*K

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m( Q'(9'/+6-8%(#$#80*+(*"9'J2"89*+K

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72

E&:`0(1=$1+$:!.$-=0:&!-$(1$(8$:/d:0(

EAJgK1p1J!-($,?&+1?-01"?$-01&;?.&-0:&>-

G69J*+(3'+&6%*+(<'%4*0*+d($%%'%$+($/("*(&*%$*(F(*9980$/&$+(+$(3%'069$/(3'%(6/*(-*"*(8"6-8/*982/(0$"(36$+&'(0$( &%*#*.'('(-_+($+3$9Ak9*-$/&$(0$( "*(4'/*($/( "*(>6$(J*F(&%*#*.*%K(1'+(3%'#"$-*+(0$(8"6-8/*982/(+6$"$/(*<$9&*%(*(0'+(_-#8&'+l

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73

E/($"(3%8-$%(9*+'d( "*( 8"6-8/*982/(?$/$%*"(+$(9'/+8?6$(9'/("*+( "_-3*%*+(6#89*0*+($/($"(&$9J'K(E+&*+("_-3*%*+(36$0$(>6$(+$*/(+6k98$/&$+(3*%*(98%96"*%(3'%($"(&*""$%(F(3*%*(%$*"84*%(&*%$*+(?$/\%89*+(f3'%($.$-3"'(%$9'?$%('#.$&'+(0$"(*"-*9\/('(%$*"84*%(&*%$*+(0$(-6F( 3'9*( 3%$98+82/gK( @8/( $-#*%?'( "*( 8"6-8/*982/( ?$/$%*"( +6$"$( +$%( 8/+6k98$/&$(3*%*(%$*"84*%(&*%$*+(0$(3%$98+82/('(96*/0'(J*F(4'/*+(0$(&%*#*.'(*("*+(>6$(/'(""$?*("*(8"6-8/*982/(?$/$%*"(f3'%($.$-3"'(4'/*+(0$"(-'&'%d("'+(#*.'+(0$"(9'9J$d($"(8/&$%8'%(0$"(U$JA96"'d($&9KgK(E/($+&'+(9*+'+($+(/$9$+*%8'(08+3'/$%(0$(6/*(&;?.&-0:&>-1;!:0;&b0=01=$108!2!K(1*(8"6-8/*982/(0$(*3'F'(36$0$/(+$%("69$+(k.*+d(%$?6"*#"$+(f*%&896"*0*+g('(&'&*"-$/&$(3'%&_&8"$+K(

)8?6%*(TY(h(M"6-8/*982/(3'%&_&8"(0$(*3'F'K

)8?6%*(W[(h(M"6-8/*982/(?$/$%*"(0$(&*""$%l(8"6-8/*982/(?$/$%*"(+6k98$/&$K

74

6. REFERENCIAS

!/0$%+'/d(NK(fV[[Yg(E+&8%_/0'+$K(,N!(18#%'+K

;*+&$""2d(:K(&%'"0(fV[P[g(E,B=GEC!1K(G*/6*"(0$(E%?'/'-A*(3*%*(G_>68/*+(0$"(@$9&'%(0$"(G$&*"K(M/+&8&6&'(0$(N8'-$9_/89*(0$(O*"$/98*(fMNOgK

)$0$%*982/(0$(E-3%$+*%8'+(0$"(G$&*"(0$(r*%*?'4*(fV[[[g(E%?'*6&'l($+&608'(0$($%?'/'-A*(3*%*(&*""$%$+(0$(%$3*%*982/(0$(*6&'-2U8"K(B:,(q(}(;'K

)$%%$%*+d(!K(fV[[[g(i!/_"8+8+($%?'/2-89'(0$(36$+&'+(0$(&%*#*.'($/(6/*($-3%$+*(0$"(+$9&'%(0$(*6&'-'982/jd($/(,$U8+&*(0$(N8'-$9_/89*(/~(VYd('9&6#%$(0$(V[[[o(33K(V^DVYK

)$%%$%*+d(!Ko(:8$0%*#6$/*d(!K(fV[[Wg(iE%?'/'-A*($/($"(+$9&'%(0$("*(9'/+&%69982/j($/(@$?6D%80*0(F(@*"60($/($"(C%*#*.'(fM/+&8&6&'(Q*98'/*"(0$(@$?6%80*0($(q8?8$/$($/($"(C%*#*.'gd(/~(]Td(-*F'(0$(V[[Wd(33K(WDPTK

B*%9A*d(;Ko(;J8%8U$""*d(;Ko(:*?$d(!Ko(C'%&'+*d( 1Ko()$%%$%*+d(!Ko(G'%*?*d(,Ko( c'%>6$%*d( cK(fV[[[g(iE%?'MNOK(EU*"6*982/(0$(%8$+?'+("*#'%*"$+(*+'98*0'+(*("*(9*%?*(<A+89*jK(M/+&8&6&'(0$(N8'-$9_/89*(0$(O*"$/98*K

B'"0(cEd()6"-$%(@d(C*x(@d(`6*/(1K(fV[[^g(E%?'/'-89(J*4*%0+(8/(*6&'-'&8U$(+$%U89$(&$9JD/898*/+K(:%'9$$08/?+('<(&J$(M/&$%/*&8'/*"(E%?'/'-89+(!++'98*&8'/(;'/<$%$/9$d(c6"F(V[[^K

MQ@qC(fPYYWgK(B6A*(&\9/89*(3*%*("*($U*"6*982/(F(3%$U$/982/(0$("'+(%8$+?'+(%$"*&8U'+(*("*(G*/836"*982/(-*/6*"(0$(9*%?*+K(M/+&8&6&'(Q*98'/*"(0$(@$?6%80*0($(q8?8$/$($/($"(C%*#*.'(fMQ@qCgd(G8/8+&$%8'(0$(C%*#*.'(F(!+6/&'+(@'98*"$+d(G*0%80K

M/+&8&6&'(Q*98'/*"(0$(E+&*0A+&89*(fV[P[gK(E/96$+&*(0$(:'#"*982/(!9&8U*K

c6/&*(0$(;*+&8""*(F(1$2/K( fV[[Tg( �!&$/982/�(;'-#*&$( "'+( %8$+?'+K(C*""$%$+(0$(U$JA96"'+("8?$%'+K(M/+&8&6&'(0$()'%-*982/(F(E+&608'+(@'98*"$+(0$(;*+&8""*(F(1$2/K(M)E@K()$0$%*982/(,$?8'/*"(0$"(G$&*"d(;'/+&%69982/(F(!k/$+K(G;!D5BC(;*+&8""*(F(1$2/K

G)1( =9963*&8'/*"( q$*"&J( ;$/&%$( M/9( fV[[^g( @-*""( N6+8/$++( E%?'/'-89( ;*+$( @&608$+(q*4*%0+d(!++$++-$/&+d(@'"6&8'/+d(;'+&+(*/0(N$/$k&+K(��K-z'J9K-#K9*

,'+$"d(1K(&%'"0(fV[[bg(B6A*(3*%*("*(U$%8k9*982/($%?'/2-89*(0$(-_>68/*+(F(J$%%*-8$/&*+($-3"$*0*+($/($"(+$9&'%(0$("*(9'/+&%69982/K()6/0*982/(1*#'%*"(0$("*(;'/+&%69982/K

,'+$"d(1K(&%'"0(fV[[bg(G*/6*"(0$($%?'/'-A*($/("*(9'/+&%69982/K()6/0*982/(1*#'%*"(0$("*(;'/+&%69982/K

C'%&'+*d(1Ko(B*%9A*d(;Ko(:*?$d(!Ko()$%%$%*+d(!Ko(C$%6$"d(!K(fPYYTg(iE%?'/'-A*(F(R8+9*3*98D0*0jK(M/+&8&6&'(0$(G8?%*98'/$+(F(@$%U898'+(@'98*"$+(fMG@E,@=gd(G*0%80K

5/8&$0(Q*&8'/+(fV[P[g(y'%"0(@&*&8+&89+(:'9x$&#''x(V[P[K

OOK!!K(fV[[Xg(G*/6*"(3*%*("*($U*"6*982/(F(3%$U$/982/(0$(%8$+?'+($%?'/2-89'+(F(3+89'+'D98*"$+($/(:`GEK(M/+&8&6&'(Q*98'/*"(0$(@$?6%80*0($(q8?8$/$($/($"(C%*#*.'(fMQ@qCgK(M/+&8&6&'(0$(N8'-$9_/89*(0$(O*"$/98*(fMNOgK

y'%x+*<$(O89&'%8*(fV[[]g(!(B680$( &'(*6&'-'&8U$(�'%x+J'3(+*<$&FK(O89&'%8*/(y'%x9'U$%(!6&J'%8&FK(J&&3laa��K�'%x+*<$KU89K?'UK*6

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