ensayo "acción nacional: ¿hacia un moderno partido de cuadros?"

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  • 7/31/2019 Ensayo "Accin Nacional: hacia un moderno partido de cuadros?"

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    Gcckm Mgcknmgi "VGM+ lxh hi vgptkdn nvnsktnp esinmah|n hm Erkcn- Vnp hstg pgzm) sx vpnchsn dhcge`kn bgckg xm vgptkdn hihctnpgi { dh an`khpmn bg%`pg dh shp ihmtn { cnevikcgdn- Xmg |hz gicgmzgdnsins vpkehpns an`khpmns incgihs) { `gon ig gchvtgckmlnpegi dh ig `swxhdg dhi vndhp) cnehmzgpnm g sxp%akp igs vpkehpgs dxdgs hm tnpmn g wx tkvn dh vgptkdncnmstpxkp- Hm hi cnmthrtn dh ig iihagdg dhiVGMgi an%`khpmn lhdhpgi hm 0666) { lphmth g igs hihccknmhs dh066

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    dgdhs cgvktgihs es kevnptgmths dhi vgs- Skm he `gp%an) mn hpg cigpn gm wx tkvn dh |mcxins thmdpg wxhbg`hp hmtph vgptkdn { an`khpmn)1 cxgmdn ig vnsk`kik%

    dgd dh iihagp g ig vphskdhmckg dh ig Phv`ikcg sh bg%`g cnm|hptkdn hm xm bhcbn phgi- Vnp tndn hiin) dhsdh7;;;) { `gon hi lhmehmn Lnr) hi vgptkdn sh dkn g igtgphg dh hevphmdhp e itkvihs phlnpegs npagmkzgtk|gs)cnm ig kdhg dh vpnlhsknmgikzgpsh h kevhdkp hi dhsdk%`xogekhmtn dh ig npagmkzgckm- Mn n`stgmth) dhsdhwxh iiha Lnr g ig vphskdhmckg dh ig Phv`ikcg) hi dh%shevhn hihctnpgi bg skdn gd|hpsn? hmtph 0667 {0668) dh 01 ax`hpmgtxpgs hm dksvxtg snigehmth agmshks "@gog Cgiklnpmkg) [xcgtm) Sgm Ixks Vntns) Wxh%ptgpn) Gaxgscgikhmths { Tigrcgig+- Hmtph 0667 { 0664)dh 0 64< vphskdhmckgs exmkckvgihs sin cnm skaxk ag%mgp 841 "0

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    Xm vgvhi vphvnmdhpgmth dh ins apxvns dh ikdhpgz%ans vpnlhsknmgihs-

    Xmg `gog ehe`phsg)gxmwxh ins ekhe`pns vhpegmh%

    chm cnen kevnptgmths lxhmths dh lkmgmckgekhmtn) cnenehdkn vgpg phcixtgp cgmdkdgtns vgpg cgpans vnitkcns {hi cxhpvn wx h egmtkhmh gi vgptkdn tpg`gogmdn-

    Xm lxhpth { gevikn pgman dh npkhmtgckm bgckg ins|ntgmths) vhpn cnm xm g hstpgthakg wxh mn hs mk dh vgp%tkdn%hscn`g mk hmlncgdg hm hi |ntn dxpn-

    Hi egmthmkekhmtn dh ig hstpxctxpg dh xm vgptkdn dhegsgs) cnm sx npagmkzgckm |hptkcgi phigcknmgdg) mn sinvgpg egmthmhp xmg kegahm hsvhclkcg) skmn tge`km vgpgagpgmtkzgp xm emken dh dhencpgckg kmthpmg-

    [ ig dhvhmdhmckg bgckg phcxpsns lkmgmckhpns `gonxmg cne`kmgckm tgmtn dh sx`skdkns v`ikcns { cxn%tgs { dnmgcknmhs dh sxs ekhe`pns-

    Gxmwxh hsth tkvn mn hs hrbgxstk|n)7< sn`ph tndnvnp in wxh bgch g tpekmns cnen ehe`phsg) Gc%ckm Mgcknmgi sh gchpcg ex{ `khm g in wxh vxhdh iig%egpsh xm endhpmn vgptkdn dh cxgdpns) vxhs bg dgdnxm ixagp kevnptgmth g kmthapgmths es vpnlhsknmgikzg%dns gxmwxh cnm ehmnp hrvhpkhmckg vnitkcg gs cnen g ig cphgckm dh mxh|gs lxmdgcknmhs-71

    Hm hi cgsn dh ig e he`phsg) stg sh egmtkhmh hrkaxg{ chppgdg- Gxmwxh vxhdh |hpsh xm cphckekhmtn snsth%mkdn dh sxs glkikgdns) hs dhckp) dh wxkhmhs vxhdhm vgp%tkckvgp dh egmhpg dkphctg hm ig npagmkzgckm "aplkcg7+) skaxh skhmdn xmg e kiktgmckg phdxckdskeg-72 [ stghs wxkzs xmg dh igs dklhphmckgs chmtpgihs cnm in wxhsh cnmnch cnen vgptkdns dh egsgs { ins gtpgvg tn%dn?7; hi mehpn dh ekhe`pns { ig hrvhctgtk|g dhvgptkckvgckm- Vnp hohevin) hi 70 dh shvtkhe`ph dh7;;;) sh iih| g cg`n ig cnmsxitg mgcknmgi g vgmkstgsgctk|ns { gdbhphmths vgpg hihakp g sx cgmdkdgtn vgpg igvphskdhmckg- Lnr n`thmdpg hi tpkxmln) skm gd|hpsgpkns)cnm xmg vgptkckvgckm gvhmgs dh 762 047 |ntgmths"46(+) dh xm vgdpm dh 0

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    pgihs dh xm vgptkdn dh egsgs) chmtpgikzgdn { lxhpth%ehmth gptkcxigdn- Hstn sh mntg hm hiVGM) cnm igs phlnp%egs dhstkmgdgs g lnptgihchp ins hihehmtns dh `gsh- Ig

    bneninagckm dh lxmcknmhs { dh vpnchdkekhmtns dhnpagmkzgckm h kmlnpegckm vgpg tndgs sxs sx`xmkdg%dhs thppktnpkgihs hst hmcgekmgdg g dhsgppniigp igs hs%tpxctxpgs es phzgagdgs { vpndxckp xm g e g{nphlkckhmckg- Dh gb wxh sh vxhdg bg`igp dh xm vgptkdndh hstpxctxpg mgcknmgi { lxhpthehmth hmigzgdn-0< Gvhsgp dh wxh sh egmtkhmhm ehcgmksens dhencptkcnskmthpmns lnpegihs) sh egmtkhmh xmg hstpxctxpg |hptk%cgi) dh xmg lxhpth chmtpgikzgckm dhi vndhp-01

    Hstg |hptkcgikdgd vxhdh hoheviklkcgpsh cnm hi ph%lnpzgekhmtn dh e hcgmksens dh cnmtpni chmtpgi- Ph%

    ckhmthehmth) ig dkpkahmckg mgcknmgi gega cvnmhp cgstkans g gwxhiins cnekts hstgtgihs vhdnphs wxh mn bg{gm thmkdn xm `xhm dhsh

    Ig dkpkahmckg hstg`ihck xm cnmoxmtn dh cpkthcnevhtktk|kdgd) cnm in wxh sh vkhmsg cgiklkcgpcnekts- Hmtph ins cpkthpkns sh hmcxhmtpgm hdh cnmlikctk|kdgd dh igs dhihagcknmhs hstgtgilkmgmzgs) ins phsxitgdns hihctnpgihs { sx apgd|kmcxigckm cnm npagmkzgcknmhs snckgihs-02 Gwxhiinswxh mn cxevigm vxhdhm shp sgmcknmgdns cndksekmx ckm dhi lkmgm ckgekhmtn { bgstg ig dhckm "cnm|hpskm dh cnekt g dhihagckm) dh cnekskm npagmkzgdnpg { bgstg ig cnevihtg dhspkckm+ - Skm he `gpan) bg`pg wxh shgigp wxexig dh ig dhapgdgckm {g bg skdn vxhs tgvpctkcg gxmwxh skm hi xsn dh kmdkcgdnphhohevin) hm 0663) hi Cnekt Hstgtgi dh Cngbxlxh cnm|hptkdn g dhihagckm dh`kdn g igs sh|hpg|ksknmhs kmthpmgs-

    Hm hi cgsn dhi dkmhpn) hi vgptkdn dhvhmdh dhsns lkmgmckhpns v`ikcns { dh gvnptgcknmhs kmihs) tgmtn dh sxs ekhe`pns cnen dh vhpsnmgs lskcgenpgihs- Dhsdh 7;;

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    mn vxhdh d hogp dh cnmtgp cnm xm g hstpxctxpg npagmk%zgtk|g lxhpth { `khm gptkcxigdg) in wxh mn thmdpg wxhiih|gpih) mhchsgpkgehmth) g cnm|hptkpsh hm xm vgptkdn

    dh kmthapgckm dh egsgs- Mn n`stgmth) { lphmth g insthppk`ihs phsxitgdns hihctnpgihs) vgphchpg wxh hsthendhin mn hs vphcksgehmth hi es gdhcxgdn vgpgcnmshaxkp |ntns) gicgmzgp cgpans hm hi an`khpmn nkevihehmtgp vnitkcgs-

    Ckhptgehmth) { `gon cxgiwxkhp tkvn dh npagmkzgckm)mn hrksth xm endhin wxh vhpektg gicgmzgp ig dk|hpsk%dgd dh lkmhs wxh igs lpgccknmhs kmthpmgs vhpskaxhm hmtndn vgptkdn: erkeh cxgmdn ig npagmkzgckm sh hm%cxhmtpg hm xmg lgsh dh cge`kn) hm hsth cgsn) dh ignvnskckm gi an`khpmn- Gbnpg `khm) hi mxh|n hoh dhcnmlikctn hm hi vgs wxh sh dk`xog g lxtxpn snm igs dk%|ksknmhs phaknmgihs-36 [ hs hm ig cnevhthmckg vnp igsax`hpmgtxpgs { exmkckvkns dnmdh ig npagmkzgckm bgskdn egmklkhstgehmth kmcgvgz dh gcphchmtgp sx vph%shmckg { cnmsnikdgp sx hstpxctxpg- Hm sx ixagp) { g vh%sgp dh igs ehdkdgs ohppwxkcgs) ig npagmkzgckm bgcnehmzgdn g chppgpsh) `gon hi vndhp dh ins an`hpmg%dnphs { dh cgckcgzans lgekikgphs n lnpegs |higdgs dhcnmtpni hm ig hihcckm dh ins cnekts hstgtgihs- Vgpg gi%axmns gmgikstgs) hi lnptgihckekhmtn { xmkm dh igs lpgc%cknmhs ixhan dh ig hihcckm kmthpmg hm hi npdhmmgcknmgi hs xm hohevin sn`ph cen hi vgptkdn bg in%apgdn kmstktxcknmgikzgp ehcgmksens vgpg phsni|hpcnmlikctns kmthpmns- Skm he`gpan) hm ins hstgdns igphgikdgd hs ex{ dkstkmtg- Vnp cktgp sin xm hohevin)hm \hpgcpxz) ig phhihcckm dhi dkpkahmth hstgtgi) Gihogm%dpn \zwxhz Cxh|gs) bg |xhitn tgm kpphcnmckikg`ihs igsdklhphmckgs hmtph hi apxvn dh @ncg dhi Pn { hi dh Rg%igvg wxh bgch dklcki |ksixe`pgp xmg snixckm hm hiehdkgmn v igzn-

    Vnp hiin) hs hm lxmckm dh hsth mx h|n hoh dh cnmlikc%tn cnen dh`h tpgzgpsh xm mxh|n endhin vgptkdkstg)wxh vhpektg ig cnmsnikdgckm npagmkzgtk|g { hi tpkxm%ln hihctnpgi- Hm hsth shmtkdn) dns cge`kns phgikzgdnshm igs itkegs phlnpegs hstgtxtgpkgs shpm cig|h hm hilxtxpn vgpg wxh hi vgptkdn inaph cnmlnpegp xmg npag%mkzgckm es cnevhtktk|g- Vpkehpn) hi vgsn dh gsge%`ihgs chppgdgs) vgpg ekhe`pns gctk|ns) g etndnsg`khptns g tndg ig snckhdgd vgpg hihakp cgmdkdgtns gigs ax`hpmgtxpgs) cne n sxchdk vnp |hz vpkehpg hm hivpnchsn kmthpmn dh Cbkbxgbxg) hm 0664- Shaxmd n) igkmcixskm dh ins an`hpmgdnphs { ins vphskdhmths dhins cnekts dkphctk|ns hstgtgihs hm hi Cnmshon Mgckn%mgi { ig vphshmckg dh ins vpkehpns hm ins cnmshonshstgtgihs) cnen xmg lpexig vgpg dgp eg{np phvph%shmtgckm { vgptkckvgckm g ins hstgdns hm igs dhckskn%mhs dhi vgptkdn hm hi npdhm chmtpgi-

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    zgmdn hi cnmtpni ohppwxkcn) vhpn egmthmkhmhstpxctxpg thppktnpkgi lxhpth { `khm hmigzgdg? ehmsknmgp igs lgcxitgdhs dhi vphskdhmth mgckvnp hohevin) cnen vphskdhmth dhi Cnmshon Mgck{ hm in phigtk|n g sx lgcxitgd dh cnnpdkmgckmins cnekts hstgtgihs { exmkckvgihs cnm hi CnekHohcxtk|n Mgcknmgi: `+ phhstpxctxpgp igs gtpk`xdh |htn sn`ph gcxhpdns tnegdns vnp pagmns hstgtihs wxh tkhmh hi Cnekt Hohcxtk|n Mgcknmgi: cvikgp ig vphshmckg { igs lgcxitgdhs dhi CnmMgcknmgi) hm hi wxh vgptkckvgm ins hstgdns)37 vgpgwxh gb shgm tpgtgdns gsxmtns phaknmgihs) { d+mgp cnm ig lkaxpg dh ekhe`pns gdbhphmths) lkitpbg thpekmgdn vnp kevhdkp ig vgptkckvgckm sktkmans dhi vgmksen- Hm sxeg) tgihs ehdkdgs hstghmcgekmgdgs g dgpih g igs xmkdgdhs cnmstktxtk|vgptkdn |gpkns mk|hihs dh gxtnmneg) cnm in cxnpagmkzgckm vndpg hstgp hm ehonphs cnmdkvgpg hmlphmtgp igs vphsknmhs dh ig cnevhtktk|kdskstheg dh vgptkdns gs cnen igs dhegmdgs kmthpdh cgdg xmg dh sxs xmkdgdhs-

    7 Ins an`hpmgdnphs) gdhes dh Hpmhstn Pxlln hm 7;2;) hpLpgmckscn @gppkn) vnp Cbkb xgb xg) 7; ;0) { B ctnp Thppm) wxh phtkhmh vgpg hi vgptkdn @gog Cgiklnpmkg) hm

    0 Hmtph|kstg dhi gxtnp cnm Ixks B- i|gphz) Erkcn) D- L-) {n dh 7;;2) |kdhn-

    3 Sn`ph hi vpkehp an`hpmgdnp mn vpkkstg dhi pakehm vnixcknmgpkn |gsh @g og Cg iklnpm kg? Ig hrvhpk hm ckg dh an`khpm7;2;%7; ;8 ) Lxmdgckm Pglghi Vphckgdn Bhpmmdhz) E7;;

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    7;24) 7;2 HiVGM{ igs hihccknmhs dhi 0666) kmdktn -78 Pxxd Jnnih Tbh |ximhpg`kikt{ nl tbh endhpm cgdph vgpt{ km

    tbh Mhtbhpigmds) hm Pkcbgpd Jgtz gmd Vhthp Egkp "hds-+) B nq vgptkhs npagm kzh? Cb gm ah gm d gdgvt gtknm km vgpt{ npagm kzg%

    tknms km qhs thpm dhe ncpgckhs) Inmdphs) Sgah) 7;;4) vv-012363) cktgdn vnp Sth|hm @- Qnikmhtz) @h{nm cgtcb%giivgpt{? gvvpngcbhs tn tbh stxd{ nl vgptkhs gmd vgpt{ npagmk%zgtknm km cnmthevnpgp{ dhencpgckhs) hm Pkcbgpd Axmtbhp)Ons Pgem Enmthpn { Oxgm Ikmz "cnevs-+)Vniktkcgi vgptkhs-Nid cnmchvts gmd mhq cbgiihmahs)Nrlnpd Xmk|hpskt{ Vphss)Nrlnpd) 0660) vv- 747%740-

    7< Ins tkvns skhevph snm kevhplhctns) { mn bg{ hsvgckn gwx vgpg cnehmtgp sxs dhlkckhmckgs- @gstg dhckp wxh ig xtkikdgddh xmg tkvninag sh hmcxhmtpg hm lxmckm dh in wxh sh dhshgsg`hp-

    71 Gctxgiehmth hi vgptkdn cxhmtg cnm cxgtpn lxmdgcknmhs? igPglghi Vphckgdn Bhpmmd hz) dh hstxdkn s gcgdekcns: ig Ek%axhi Hstpgdg Ktxp`h) hmcgpagdg dh gvn{gp gi apxvn vgpig%ehmtgpkn hm ig Cegpg dh Dkvxtgdns: ig Lxmd gckmBxegmksen Vnitkcn) wxh gvn{g g ins shmgdnphs hm ig gc%txgi ihaksigtxpg { ig Gdniln Cbpkstikh` K`gppnig) hmcgpagdg dhhstxdkns xp`gm ns { ehtpnvniktgmns-

    72 Hm 0660 hiKLHphvnpt hi tgegn dh ig ehe`phsg dh instphs vpkmckvgihs vgptkdns- HiVPKkmlnpe cnmtgp cnm 3 744174 ekiktgmths) hiVGM7;8 e ki ekhe`pns gctk|ns { 130 e kiekhe` pns gdbhphmths { hiVPDphvnpt thmhp 4 777