el ciclo de movilización en chile 2005-2012: fundamentos y proyecciones de una politización

8/18/2019 El ciclo de movilización en Chile 2005-2012: Fundamentos y proyecciones de una politización

1/28

!

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%

+,,- ).*/&*.#%

!"#$%&'(01234 51 61217289:$ *';)


2/28

"

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%


3/28

#

?C 282CD 51 RDK8C8G4289: 1: O38C1 "))%&")*"$ 0B:54R1:=D@ H 76DH1228D:1@ 51 B:4 7DC8=8G4289:

RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@( @81:5D C4 1@=64=1L84 Rc@61C1K4:=1 C4 51@42=8K4289: 51 C4@ D6L4:8G428D:1@7DCA=82D&R8C8=461@ 1Z8@=1:=1@ 34@=4 1@1 1:=D:21@V?@=1 768R16 R124:8@RD 51 51@42=8K4289:51C RDK8R81:=D @D284C 4W12=46c =4RE8P: 4CD@ `RDK8R81:=D@ 51 R4@4@a IB1 @1 34EA4:D7B1@=D 4 C4 582=45B64( =4C1@ 2DRD @8:5824=D@(7DEC45D61@ H RDK8R81:=D 1@=B584:=8CV S1@712=D51 1@=D@ _C=8RD@ C4 C9L824 D7D@828D:4C D71646c

:D =4:=D 1: C4 8:=1C8L1:284 7DCA=824 H 1: C4@D716428D:1@ 51 2D:=648:@B6L1:284( @8:D Rc@ 7_EC82Da IB1 C1L8=8R46c C4 6c7854 61761@89: 512B4CIB816 42289: 51 76D=1@=4V

N:4 K1G 51@RDK8C8G454@ C4@ R8C8284@ H C4@D6L4:8G428D:1@ 51 R4@4@( C4 61C4289: @8@=1R4

7DCA=82D&RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ WB:28D:46c2D: B: R124:8@RD 51 2DD7=4289: H @A:=1@8@V UIB1CCD @1 DE@16K4( 7D6 1F1R7CD( 1: C4 58612289:51 C4 ON] 4 246LD 51 5868L1:=1@ @8:5824C1@K8:2BC45D@ 4 C4 OD:216=4289:( 4@A 2DRD 1:2816=4 31L1RD:A4 51 C4@ FBK1:=B51@ 7DCA=824@51 CD@ 746=85D@ 51 LDE816:D 1: 1C RDK8R81:=D1@=B584:=8C( CD IB1 4@1LB64E4 C4 RD5164289: 51

C4@ 51R4:54@ @12=D684C1@ H 1C 61@LB465D 51 C446IB8=12=B64 :1DC8E164C 51 C4 @D281545 8:@=4C4547D6 C4 582=45B64V

,8: 1RE46LD( @16c 1: C4 61C4289: 1:=61 @8@=1R47DCA=82D H CD@ CC4R45D@ `:B1KD@ RDK8R81:=D@@D284C1@a 5D:51 @1 1Z761@46c 2D: R4HD6WB16G4 1C R124:8@RD 51 8:=1L64289: H

IB1 866BR7816D: 4 768:2878D@ 51 C4 5P2454$RBF161@( 8:5AL1:4@( 516123D@ 3BR4:D@ H FBK1:8C1@( =64:@8=46D: @8@=1Rc=824R1:=1 34284B:4 8:=1L64289: 1: C4 :B1K4 8:@=8=B28D:4C8545 4

=64KP@ 51 C4 2614289: 51 @BE@12=D61@ 7_EC82D@@12=D684C8G45D@ eOT-UM+( ,?S-Ug( +-jNJ(

1=2VfV ?@=4 D7164289: 54 2B1:=4( 4C R8@RD=81R7D( 51 =D54 B:4 C9L824 LBE16:4R1:=4C1: 1C 47464=D 1@=4=4C IB1 @86K1 7464 R4:=1:168:4C=16454@ C4@ 2DD651:454@ 51 C4 7DCA=8247_EC824 :1DC8E164C 8:@=4C454 7D6 C4 582=45B64(7464 1W12=D@ 51 1:W61:=46 H 61@DCK16 C4@76DEC1Rc=824@ @D284C1@V

S12478=BC4:5D( 5B64:=1 C4 =64:@8289: CD@

RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ 2DR81:G4: 4 RD51646@B@ 51R4:54@ H 4 2862B:@268E86C4@ 1: 1C76D78D R462D 8:@=8=B28D:4C 4B=D68=468D( @81:5D1C RDK8R81:=D 1@=B584:=8C 1C Rc@ 4W12=45D 7D61@=1 76D21@D( CD IB1 8R7C829( 8:2CB@D( B: C46LD@8C1:284R81:=D 51C 42=8K8@RD B:8K16@8=468D IB1 51C #)V ]D5D 1@=1 76D21@D 38GD 716516 71@D 1:

1C 8R4L8:468D 4C RDK8R81:=D @D284C( =4:=D 1:1C 7C4:D 7DCA=82D 2DRD 1: 1C 4245PR82D( 1:51@R156D 51 C4 28B5454:A4 H 2816=D@ 42=D61@51 C4 @D281545 28K8C ed4661=9: 1= 4CV ")**fV M11@=4 R4:164( 1C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D( R1584:=1C4 51@RDK8C8G4289:( 768R16D( H C4 8:=1L64289:(51@7BP@( 4@1LB69 C4 51@7DC8=8G4289: 51 C4@D281545 28K8C 4C 2D:@=61[86 =D54 C4 42=8K8545

7DCA=824 1: 1C @8@=1R4 51 746=85D@ H C4@ 51R4:54@51 CD@ 42=D61@ @D284C1@ 1: 1C 3D68GD:=1 51 C458@7B=4 L61R84C H `C4 R15854 51 CD 7D@8EC1aV

,16c 1C RDK8R81:=D 1@=B584:=8C( 1:=645D 1C@8LCD kk+( R1584:=1 B: C1:=D 76D21@D 5161D6L4:8G4289: H 46=82BC4289: 51 :B1KD@61W161:=1@ H 1Z761@8D:1@( 1C RD=D6 51 B:4 @A:=1@8@D6L4:8G428D:4C IB1 51@7C1L46c :B1K4@ WD6R4@

51 R4=1684C8G46 C4 76D=1@=4 H( 7D6 1Z=1:@89:( @D284C1@ 51@51 1C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82DV M1 RD5D1F1R7C46( 7D51RD@ 71:@46 1: C4 1R16L1:28451 C4 U@4REC14 ODD658:45D64 51 ?@=B584:=1@


4/28

$

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%

,12B:5468D@ eUO?,f 2DRD 61@BC=45D 51 1@=176DWB:5D 76D21@D 51 61D6L4:8G4289: 51 CD@RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ 1: C4 7D@=64:@8289:V ?: @8R8C461@( 4746121 1C RDK8R81:=D 517DEC45D61@ 61761@1:=45D@ 7D6 C4 U@D284289:-428D:4C 51 M1B5D61@ X4E8=428D:4C1@eU-MXUf H C4 OD:W15164289: 51 ]64E4F45D61@,BE2D:=64=45D@ 51C ODE61 eO]OfV ?@=D@ =61@RDK8R81:=D@$ 1@=B584:=8C( 51 7DEC45D61@ H 51

=64E4F45D61@( :D @9CD 2DR746=1: B: 76D21@D8:=16:D @8R8C46( @8:D =4RE8P: B: 584L:9@=82D2DR_: 61@712=D 4 C4 61C4289:( 424@D 8:1Z8@=1:=1D 4C R1:D@ WB16=1R1:=1 8:@=6BR1:=4C8G454( 2D:1C 7D516 1F12B=8KD H C1L8@C4=8KD eULB8C164( ")*"fV

M1 1@=4 WD6R4( 51@51 1C 4[D "))) 1: 451C4:=1( H4:D 1Z8@=86c( 1: CD 21:=64C( 1@4 8RE6824289: 1:=61

RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@( 1@=6B2=B64@ 746=854684@ H42=D61@;D6L4:8G4289: @D284C IB1 34EA4 @8L:45DC4 38@=D684 7DCA=824 H @D284C 51 O38C1V gc@ E81:(@1 2DR81:G4 4 76D5B286 RDK8R81:=D @D284C @8:K4@D@ 2DRB:824:=1@( D RBH 51E8C8=45D@( 2D: 1C RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ 51@51 8:828D@ 51C :B1KD@8LCD @16c C4 E_@IB154 51 B:4 :B1K4 K8:2BC4289:2D: C4 7DCA=824( :D R158454 7D6 CD@ 746=85D@ :88:@268=4 1: R462D@ 61LBC4=D68D@ 51 746=82874289:28B5454:4 2DRD 4IB1CCD@ IB1 24642=168G46D:(34@=4 1@1 1:=D:21@( CD@ RD5D@ 51 L1@=89:51 C4 61C4289: LDE816:D&42=D61@ @D284C1@V ?:D=64@ 74C4E64@( C4 7D@=64:@8289: @1 24642=168G47D6 B:4 @17464289: 1:=61 `C4 C9L824 746=854684&LBE16:4R1:=4C 51 C4 C9L824 RDK8R81:=8@=4aed4661=9: 1= 4CV ")**$ **lfV

bD D2B6685D 2D: CD@ 1@=B584:=1@ @12B:5468D@RDK8C8G45D@ 1C 4[D "))l IB8Gc@ @14 8CB@=64=8KD

51 1@=1 76D21@D 51 612D:@=8=B289: 51 42=D61@ CD@ 5D2BR1:=D@ 51 C4 P7D24( 7D6 1F1R7CD(C4 Q6D7B1@=4 51 ]64E4FD 51 ?@=B584:=1@,12B:5468D@ 51 C4 S1L89: g1=6D7DC8=4:4eTQ?OX "))%f( C4 @BEF1=8K8545 51 CD@ 42=D61@@D284C1@( 1: L1:164C( H 51 CD@ 1@=B584:=1@@12B:5468D@( 1: 746=82BC46( @1 1:2D:=64E4=1:@8D:454 4C R1:D@ 1: =61@ 58R1:@8D:1@768RD6584C1@ IB1 2D:@=8=BH1: 4 B: RDK8R81:=D@D284C$ C4 61BE824289: 51 D6L4:8G428D:1@

746=854684@ =645828D:4C1@ 2D: 761@1:284 1: 1CRB:5D 1@=B584:=8C H @B 61C4289: 2D: 2DC12=8KD@H 4L6B7428D:1@ 7DCA=824@ 1R16L1:=1@ e246c2=16D6L4:8G428D:4C&8:=16:Df( C4@ 24642=16A@=824@ 51C4 2D:1Z89: 2D: 1C 24R7D 51 4:=4LD:8@=4@H 42=D61@ 8:@=8=B28D:4C1@ 746=82874:=1@ 51 C4 8:@=8=B28D:4Cf( 4@A 2DRD 1C @1:=85D H 1C 3D68GD:=1

1@=64=PL82D 51 C4@ 51R4:54@ 1: 61C4289: 2D:C4 @D281545 eULB8C164 "))/fV QD6 CD 4:=168D6( C4 7D@=64:@8289: @16c `C4 E_@IB154 51 B:4:B1K4 61C4289: 2D: C4 7DCA=824( Ec@824R1:=1 C4746=854684( 24642=168G454 7D6 B:4 RB23D R4HD658@=4:284 H =1:@89:( @B 61C4=8K4 ̀ 1@71284C8G4289:a1: 2454 24R7D H 7D6 CD =4:=D C4 W64LR1:=4289:a

ed4661=9: 1= 4CV ")**$ **.fVgc@ 4CCc 51 C4 1Z8@=1:284 D :D 51 B:4W64LR1:=4289: 1: CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@( CDIB1 :D@ 2D:KD24 1: 1@=1 46=A2BCD 1@ 34216:D@246LD( FB@=4R1:=1( 51 C4 7B1@=4 1: R46234 51 B:76D21@D 51 7DC8=8G4289: 1: C4 @D281545 238C1:451 CD@ _C=8RD@ 4[D@ H @B@ 8R742=D@ 1: =P6R8:D@51C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82DV Q464 1CCD( :B1@=64 B:8545

51 4:cC8@8@ @1 2D:WD6R4 7D6 CD@ 76D21@D@ 51RDK8C8G4289: H 61716=D68D@ 51 76D=1@=4 B=8C8G45D@1: 1C 7168D5D "))%&")*"V


5/28

%


8J M%51. C06A4D *.A [email protected] A.,-4*0A06 %7-*0N

8J


6/28

&'

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%

8:=16761=4=8KD@ R1584:=1 CD@ 2B4C1@ B: @BF1=D C1 ?@=4 2D:217=B4C8G4289: @1 =645B286c 1: B:4761D2B74289: 7D6 4IB1CCD@ 4@712=D@ @8RE9C82D& IB1 51@466DCC4: CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ 2DRDWD6R4 51 2D:WD6R46 2DRB:8545 H C1L8=8R46 @B4228D:46V ?: 1@=4 CA:14( @DE61@4C1 C4 2D:@=8=B289:51 B: `:D@D=6D@a 1: 1C 2B4C 612D:D216@1 H 51

4IB1CCD@ `D=6D@a e4:=4LD:8@=4@f 4:=1 CD@ 2B4C1@RDK8C8G46@1V ?@=4 716@712=8K4 34 85D 54:5D 74@D4 B:4 761D2B74289: :D =4:=D 7D6 1C `D68L1:a51 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@( @8:D 7D6 CD@ 76D21@D@IB1 `@D@=81:1:a =D54 76c2=824 2DC12=8K4(D681:=c:5D@1( 7D6 =4:=D( 34284 4IB1CC4@2B1@=8D:1@ 8:=164228D:4C1@( 61C428D:4C1@ 1851:=8=4684@ IB1 31RD@ @1[4C45D 761K84R1:=1V

?@=D 1K8=4 WD24C8G46@1 1: 4CLB:D@ L6B7D@ 51 764Z8@ C4 761K4C1:284 51 1@=D@ 76D21@D@( @8:DRc@ E81: 21:=646@1 1: =D5D RDK8R81:=D @D284CV

?: C4 @1LB:54 716@712=8K4 IB1 31RD@51:DR8:45D 8:@=6BR1:=4C&76D2158R1:=4C(1:2D:=64RD@ =4:=D C4 =1D6A4 51 RDK8C8G4289: 51612B6@D@ 2DRD C4 1@=6B2=B64 51 D7D6=B:85451@7DCA=824@V URE4@ 1:W4=8G4: 4IB1CC4@ 58R1:@8D:1@6428D:4C1@( H 7D6 1:51 DEF1=8K4EC1@( 51 C4@76c2=824@ 2DC12=8K4@ IB1 1R761:51: CD@@BF1=D@ H IB1 @1 51@7C81L4: 1: 1C R462D 51B:4@ 2DHB:=B64@ D 282CD@ RDK8C8G4=D68D@V ?:4RE4@ 5861228D:1@ =196824@( H4 @14 1: CD@L645D@ 51 4716=B64 51 CD@ @8@=1R4@ 7DCA=82D@(2DRD 1: C4 247428545 8:3161:=1 4 CD@ L6B7D@

H 2DC12=8K85451@ 51 76DKD246 =64:@WD6R428D:1@1: @B@ 1:=D6:D@ Rc@ 8:R1584=D@( CD24C8G4RD@8:@BRD@ 2D:217=B4C1@ :121@468D@ 7464 1C4:cC8@8@ 51 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ 51@51 B:4716@712=8K4 Rc@ E81: 8:@=6BR1:=4C eCD IB1 @1

4@7864 4 2D:@1LB86$ CD@ DEF1=8KD@f( H 1Z761@8K4 45D7=4: C4@ 4228D:1@ 2DC12=8K4@fV

QD6 B:4 746=1( C4 =1D6A4 51 C4 RDK8C8G4289: @D284C$ C4 @D281545 @1 2D:@=8=B86A4 1: @B E4@11: C4 D7D@8289: D 2D:=64582289: 51 WB16G4@@D284C1@V QD6 D=64 746=1( C4 42289: 2DC12=8K4 51CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ 61@7D:516A4 Rc@ E81:4 @B 76D784 247428545 51 42=8K46 H 58:4R8G46 b4@ 58R1:@8D:1@ 51 4:cC8@8@ 47B:=4: 4 C42D:@=6B2289: 51 C85164GLD( C4@ WD6R4@ HRD54C85451@ 51 RDK8C8G4289:( CD@ 612B6@D@12D:9R82D@ D R4=1684C1@ IB1 @1 8:K816=1: 1: B:4RDK8C8G4289: H 1C 1@=4EC128R81:=D 51 ̀ W4R8C84@ 51RDK8R81:=D@a e4C84:G4@ H 46=82BC428D:1@f 2DRD@1[4C4 ]466D\ e*##.fV ]D5D@ 1@=D@ 76D21@D@

54: 2B1:=4 51 `1@=6B2=B64@ 51 RDK8C8G4289:aIB1 74@4: 4 WD6R46 746=1 51 C4@ B:85451@ 514:cC8@8@ 768K8C1L8454@ 7D6 746=1 51 CD@ =19682D@IB1 45@268E1: 4 1@=4 716@712=8K4 eg2U54R"))"m ]466D\ "))"m g2O46=3H H n4C5 *#.'f(1@=D 1@( C4@ E4@1@ D6L4:8G4=8K4@ H CD@ :8K1C1@51 8:@=8=B28D:4C8G4289: H WD6R4C8G4289: 51 CD@ H B=8C8G46 612B6@D@ eM1CL45D "))%fV

08:4CR1:=1( 51:=6D 51 C4 716@712=8K48:@=6BR1:=4C&76D2158R1:=4C 1:2D:=64RD@C4 =1D6A4 51 C4 1@=6B2=B64 51 D7D6=B:85451@7DCA=824@V ?: 1@=4 R86454 C4@ 58R1:@8D:1@21:=64C1@ 2D661@7D:51: 4C 2D:=1Z=D@D28D7DCA=82D( WB:54R1:=4CR1:=1 4C @8@=1R47DCA=82D 8:@=8=B28D:4C8G45D eLDE816:D H @8@=1R4

51 746=85D@f( 1: =4:=D R462D W428C8=45D6; DE@=42BC8G45D6 51 C4@ 4228D:1@ 2DC12=8K4@ 51CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@V b4 761LB:=4 IB1@DE61@4C1( 1:=D:21@( 1@ 29RD @1 61C428D:4 C47DCA=824 8:@=8=B28D:4C8G454 H C4 42289: 2DC12=8K4


7/28

&&


51@51 1C 7B:=D 51 K8@=4 51 C4@ D7D6=B:85451@IB1 DW6121 1C 768R16D 7464 1C 51@466DCCD 51 C4@@1LB:54@ 1: B: RDR1:=D 38@=9682D e0B1:=1@"))lm d68R4C58 "))lfV Q464 61@7D:516C4( 1@=11:WDIB1 76D7D:1 1C 2D:217=D D7164=8KD 51`D7D6=B:8545 7DCA=824a eg2 U54R 1= 4CV *###f(51C IB1 @1 51@761:51: 58@=8:=4@ 58R1:@8D:1@; K4684EC1@V

N:4 D716428D:4C8G4289: _=8C 7464 1C 24@DC4=8:D4R16824:D 1@ C4 IB1 746=1 51 C4 58@=8:289:

1:=61 @8@=1R4@ 7DCA=82D@ 216645D@ H 4E816=D@e04K1C4 d4E84 "))"fV g81:=64@ CD@ _C=8RD@ @14FB@=4: 8514CR1:=1 4 4CLB:4@ 51RD264284@C8E164C1@( 1: URP6824 b4=8:4 C4 2DR7D@8289: 51CD@ @8@=1R4@ 7DCA=82D@ =81:51 4 216646@1 4 CD@RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@V ?: 1@=4 476DZ8R4289:C4 716@712=8K4 4:4CA=824 51 CD@ @8@=1R4@7DCA=82D@ 58@=8:LB1 K4684EC1@ 51 5D@ :8K1C1@$

1@=6B2=B64C1@ H 2DHB:=B64C1@V g81:=64@ 1C 768R16:8K1C 2D:2816:1 4 64@LD@ 1@=4EC1@( 1C 2DHB:=B64C2D661@7D:51 4 1C1R1:=D@ 2D:=8:L1:=1@

6 78 9$%&+$:*0$;/ $/%&$&*0$2/', -", 2:$"+/2? 47B:=4 4 C4 61C4289: 1:=61 CD@ 7D5161@51C 1@=45D H C4 4B=D:DRA4 H C8E16=45 512454 B:D 7464 76D21@46 C4@ 51R4:54@51C RDK8R81:=D @D284CV ]4RE8P: 51@=4241C L645D 51 21:=64C8G4289: 51C 7D516 H C458@7D:8E8C8545 51 7B:=D@ 51 4221@D H 51 CD24C1@$

6 @8 1$%&"4' ","0&2+', = -"


8/28

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%

! 4f 9$%


9/28


8J8J )* 0A,064D-. 4,@?4*= (C.D@?6-/4/0AC.*L@-,4A /0 *.A [email protected] A.,-4*0A 06 0*%7-*0 C.A@D46A-,-.64*

b4 =64:@8289: 7DCA=824 238C1:4 @1 2D:@=8=BH9@DE61 B: @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D 216645D( 2D:24642=16A@=824@ 4B=D68=4684@ 1: K468D@ :8K1C1@51 @B @8@=1R4 7DCA=82DV bD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @14 7D6 1@=64=1L84@ 51 4@8R8C4289: 8:@=8=B28D:4CD 7D6 51@RDK8C8G4289:V U 746=86 51C "))%

C4 42289: 51 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@$1@=B584:=8C( =64E4F45D61@ @BE2D:=64=45D@(51B5D61@ 34E8=428D:4C1@( 12DCDL8@=4@( 1:=61D=6D@( 34: 85D 61@IB1E64F4:5D C4 2C4B@B64 51C@8@=1R4 7DCA=824 61@712=D 51 C4 7DCA=824 1Z=648:@=8=B28D:4CV UB: 4@A( C4 51RD264284 238C1:4@8LB1 1@=4:5D WB16=1R1:=1 2166454V Q1@1 4C4@ =64:@WD6R428D:1@ H 61WD6R4@ 51 CD@ 4[D@

7D@=168D61@ 1: 51RD264284( :D @1 76D5B21(1: 1W12=D( B:4 `=64:@8289: 1F1R7C46a( @8:D IB1P@=4 54 2DRD 61@BC=45D B:4 `51RD2642848:2DR7C1=4a ed4661=9: 1= 4CV ")**fV

b4 2D:@12B1:284 51 1@=4 51RD2642848:2DR7C1=4( 2166454 H @8: 7B:=D@ 51 4221@D@B@=4:284C1@ 4 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@( 1@B:4 261281:=1 =1:@89: 1:=61 P@=D@ H 1C @8@=1R47DCA=82D ed4661=9:( O6BG H ULB8661( ")*"fV N:1F1R7CD 2C46D 51 1@=4 =1:@89: 1@ C4 1Z71681:28451 CD@ OD:@1FD@ U@1@D61@ Q61@851:284C1@eOUQf IB1 @B6L816D: 4 64AG 51 RBC=8=B58:4684@RDK8C8G428D:1@ @D284C1@ 5B64:=1 1C 768R16LDE816:D 51 o4231C1= e"))


10/28

&8

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%

G':,' 78 O4642=16A@=824@ 51C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D 238C1:D 1: C4 7D@=64:@8289:

!AC0,@.A /0 *4-6@0D4,,-56 06@D0 *.A

[email protected] A.,-4*0A B

*4 A.,-0/4/

O-20* 0A@D?,@?D4* O-20* ,.B?6@?D4*

HI4"+2 =


11/28

&!


PJ Q0@./.*.RL4= (D-R06 /0 *.A /[email protected] B1S@./. /0 46T*-A-A

PJ?06@0A

@D284C1@ 1: O38C1( CD@ 2B4C1@ WB16D: 1Z=64A5D@ H4L6B745D@ 4 746=86 51 CD@ 8:WD6R1@ 51 26D:DCDLA4 746=1 51C TE@16K4=D68D ,D284C 51 URP6824b4=8:4 eT,Ubf( D6L4:8G4289: 5171:581:=1 51C

OD:@1FD b4=8:D4R16824:D 51 O81:284@ ,D284C1@ @D284C 1@ 1C 8:@=6BR1:=D 58@1[45D 7D6 1C T,Ub(IB1 @1 47C824 R1@ 4 R1@ 1: *# 74A@1@ 51 URP6824 b4=8:4 H 1C O468E1 7464 CC1K46 4 24ED 1C T,Ub 34 2D:WD6R45D B:4 615 8:@=8=B28D:4C 51

,D284C H C4 ODHB:=B64 b4=8:D4R16824:4 IB1WB:28D:4: 1: 2454 74A@V

?C =64E4FD 51C 2DR8=P 238C1:D 2D:@8@=1 1: 1C61C1K4R81:=D H C4 @8@=1R4=8G4289: R1:@B4C 7168D5A@=824@ 51 2862BC4289: R4@8K4V bD@71689582D@( =4:=D 1: WD6R4=D 8R761@D 2DRD58L8=4C( @D:$ b4 -4289:( ?C g162B68D H b4 ]162164Vb4 8:WD6R4289: 612DC12=454 1@ 2DR7C1R1:=454p@1L_: 268=168D@ 51 61C1K4:284& 2D: C4 61K8@89:51 58468D@ 51 R1:D6 2862BC4289: e:D6R4CR1:=158L8=4C1@f =4C1@ 2DRD$ ?C gD@=645D6( ?C ,8LCD(QB:=D 08:4C H UG^8:=B\1V ]4RE8P: @1 2D:@85164:7cL8:4@ \1E 2DRD ODRB:82428D:1@ TbOU(+51:=8545 b4W^1:231( b8E164289:( g47B1Z761@@(TE@16K4=D68D O8B5454:D( 1:=61 D=6D@"V

" O454 8:WD6R1 R1:@B4C 2D:@8L:4 C4@ WB1:=1@ B=8C8G454@$ 3==7$;; \\\V2C42@DVD6LV46;8:@=8=B28D:4C;*3*V737q858DR4r

PJ8J &A.A B *-1-@4,-.60A /0 *.A /[email protected],.6A@D?-/.A C.D (U!'

b4 R1=D5DCDLA4 51 RD:8=D61D 51 R158D@ 51761:@4 8:=6D5B21 C8R8=428D:1@ 1: C4 7D@8E8C854551 8:W161:284 H L1:164C8G4289: 51C 54=D2D:@=6B85DV ]4:=D C4@ RB1@=64@ @1C1228D:454@eR158D@ 51 761:@4f( 2DRD 1C 61C1K4R81:=D 8:KDCB264:( 8:1K8=4EC1R1:=1( @1@LD@ IB1 7B151:2D:5B286 =4:=D 4 C4 @DE61&61761@1:=4289:

2DRD 4 C4 @BE&61761@1:=4289: 51 P@=4@V bD@ 38@=D6828545 IB1 :D @81R761 1@ 247=454 7D6CD@ R158D@ 51 2DRB:824289:( @DE61 =D5D4IB1CC4@ 1R7C4G454@ 1: 2DRB:85451@ 517D24 7DEC4289:V UC 61@712=D( 1C 8:K1@=8L45D6016:4:5D O4C5169: e")*"f( IB81: 1@=B584 1CW1:9R1:D 51 C4 76D=1@=4 @D284C 1: URP6824

b4=8:4 4 746=86 51C RD:8=D61D 51 761:@4( 3421B:4 C12=B64 2C464 51 C4@ C8R8=428D:1@ 51 @B=64E4FD 7464 1C Q-NM H 51C =64E4FD 51 C4 T,UbVQD6 @B 746=1( 8:K1@=8L45D61@ 2DRD ,1D4:1 H]45518 @1[4C4: IB1$

,1 51E1( 1:=D:21@( 2D:@851646 1C W1:9R1:D 76D21@D( H 51 @B 51@38@=D68G4289: 7D6 746=151 CD@ R158D@V ODRD @1[4C4 1C TE@16K4=D68D

,D284C 51 URP6824 b4=8:4 eT,Ubf$


12/28

&"

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%

M823D CD 4:=168D6( 1C B@D 2D6612=D 51 CD@ 54=D@2D:@=6B85D@ 7D6 T,Ub 1:=61L4 8:WD6R4289:K4C8D@4 421624 51 C4 2D:@=6B2289: @D284C

51R4:54@( 61716=D68D@fV ,B 8:=16761=4289: 51E12D:@851646 C4 8:=16=1Z=B4C8545 51 CD@ 54=D@(H @B@ 61W161:284@ 51 @1LB:5D H =16216 D651: @1 51@466DCC4 1: C4 614C8545V ,1 51E1 1K8=46 C48:=16761=4289: 8:L1:B4 51 CD@ 54=D@ 76D5B285D@( 178@=1RDC9L824 2B4:=8=4=8K4V bD@ R158D@RB1@=64: H D2BC=4: 4@712=D@ 1: WB:289: 51 CD@8:=161@1@ 1 851DCDLA4@ 51 2454 B:DV ?@=D( C1FD@51 2D:@=8=B86 B:4 DEF1289: 7464 C4 B=8C8545 51 CD@54=D@( 2D:@=8=BH1 B:4 68IB1G4 1:D6R1 7464 @B2DR761:@89:V

PJPJ [email protected] ,.6A@D?-/.A C4D4 0* CD0A06@00A@?/-.

,1 61K8@46D: #/" 7cL8:4@ 51 8:WD6R1@ IB12D661@7D:51: 4 C4 26D:DCDLA4 R1:@B4C2DR761:5854 1:=61 CD@ 4[D@ "))%&")*"'V b4@1C12289: 51 1@=1 64:LD =1R7D64C 61@7D:514 B: 268=168D @B@=4:=8KD$ 4 746=86 51C "))% @18:4BLB64 B: :B1KD 282CD 51 RDK8C8G428D:1@ 1: 1C74A@ eULB8C164 ")*"fV ?C :_R16D =D=4C DE=1:85D

1:=61 CD@ 4[D@ "))%&")*"V

' bD@ 8:WD6R1@ 7464 CD@ 4[D@ "))% H "))l 4L6B74: 51 ' 4 < R1@1@1: 2454 8:WD6R1V Q464 1C 4[D ")*" :D 1@=c: 58@7D:8EC1@ CD@R1@1@ 51 @17=81RE61( D2=BE61( :DK81RE61 H 58281RE61V

?C 76D2158R81:=D 51 @8@=1R4=8G4289: H=4EBC4289: 51 C4 8:WD6R4289: 2D:@8L:4541: C4@ 26D:DCDLA4@ R1:@B4C1@ D7169 1: 5D@5861228D:1@$ 4f 8:5B2=8KD( 1: WB:289: 51 C4@24642=16A@=824@ 51C 54=D 2D:@8L:45D 1: 1C8:WD6R1 e51=4CC45D 761K84R1:=1f( Hm Ef 515B2=8KD(51@51 1C 7B:=D 51 K8@=4 51 C4@ 58R1:@8D:1@ 51C K4684EC1@ H C4@ 24=1LD6A4@ @1 2D:@=6BH16D:( 4@A(1: B:4 @B16=1 51 D716428D:4C8G4289: 584CP2=824V

06 %7-*0

M8@=8:LB8RD@ =61@ 58R1:@8D:1@ IB1 61@BC=4: O38C1$

7N


13/28


IB1 O4C5169: e")*"f 34 51:DR8:45D `42=D651R4:545Da( 1@=D 1@( C4 8:@=8=B289:( L6B7DB D6L4:8G4289: @D284C 34284 IB81: @1 5868L1

B:4 R15854 51 761@89: 746=82BC46V U@A( 42=D6 H

G':,' @8

V-106A-56 U?G/-106A-56 %[email protected]

K2%$0$;/ %20$', -", '0&2+

ODD651:454@ 5D:51CD@ R158D@ BE824: 1: =P6R8:D@ 51 C4@61C428D:1@ @D284C1@5D:51 P@=1 @18:@16=4$ 51 2C4@1(7DCA=824@( P=:824@(@1ZB4C1@( K4C96824@

1 851DC9L824@V b4851:=8545 4=68EB8544 1@1 42=D6 @D284C@1 5168K4 51C cRE8=D1: 58@7B=4 H( 1:2D:@12B1:284( 1:2D:=64 51 IB81:1@ @142=8K4 58234 58@7B=4V

ODRB:4

01234 51 8:828D

01234 51 =P6R8:D

]64E4F45D61@?@=B584:=1@+:5AL1:4@T6L4:8G428D:1@ L61R84C1@;74=6D:4C1@;=1664=1:81:=1@ U2=8K8@=4@ B6E4:D@ODRB:85451@ =1668=D684C1@;24R71@8:4@ODC1L8D@ 76DW1@8D:4C1@gDK8R81:=D@ 61C8L8D@D@

T6L4:8G4289: 7DCA=824

U:=4LD:8@=4 51C

UB=D685451@ 51 LDE816:D H ?@=45DQD516 C1L8@C4=8KDQD516 FB58284C,12=D6 768K45D;1R761@4@ 768K454@;1R761@4@ 51C?@=45D;8:5B@=684dDE816:D@ 1 8:@=8=B28D:1@ 1Z=64:F164@;8:@=8=B28D:1@8:=16:428D:4C1@+:5AL1:4@

]64E4F45D61@?@=B584:=1@

K+20"-$4$"/&2% ="%&+'&">$'%

+:2CBH1 =4:=D CD@24:4C1@ H C4@ KA4@ 51761@89: IB1 CD@ 42=D61@@D284C1@ 1@2DL1:H 1F12B=4: 51:=6D51 B: 61716=D68D 5176D=1@=4@ 58@7D:8EC1@(

2DRD CD@ RD5D@ 51LDE16:4E8C8545 IB1 1C?@=45D H C4 1R761@4768K454 51@466DCC47464 L1@=8D:46CD@V

S1716=D68D@ 5176D=1@=4

U228D:1@ IB1 7D:1: 1: 681@LD C4 76D784 K854g4:8W1@=4289:+:=16K1:289: 2DRB:824=8K4XB1CL4 U228D:1@ 2D:W6D:=4=8K4@?Z761@89: @8RE9C824$ 46=A@=824;61C8L8D@4+:=16:428D:4C8G4289:

gD5D@ 51 @DCB289:

jB58284C8G4289:d1@=89: 1F12B=8K4N@D 51 WB16G4 7_EC824d1@=89: 746C4R1:=4684d1@=89: 768K454


14/28

&$

.2/%&+*00$;/ %20$',

sRE8=D 1: 1C IB1 @12DCD24 C4 8:=1642289:42=D6&4:=4LD:8@ =4(61@BC=45D =4:=D 51 C442289: 51C 42=D6 H 51C4:=4LD:8@=4( 2DRD 51C612B1:=D IB1 51 1CCD54: CD@ R158D@V

?@21:468D@ 51C

g462D :D6R4=8KD K4C9682D

M16123D@ @D284C1@

t=:82Dd61R84C

URE81:=4C;12DC9L82D

]87D 51 51R4:54

]64:@WD6R4289: 7DCA=824

]64:@WD6R4289: 645824C 51C D651: @D28D&7DCA=82D

0B1:=1$ 1C4ED64289: 76D784V

b4 R8@R4 C9L824 51C 42=D6 IB1 @1 2D:@=8=BH1 4CR8@RD =81R7D IB1 2D:@=6BH1 @B 4:=4LD:8@=4 4228D:1@ IB1 4RED@ 7DCD@ 51@466DCC4: 7464 4228D:1@ 51 761@89: 51@466DCC454@ 7D6 1C

716WD6R4=8K8545 51 C4 42289: 51 76D=1@=4( @8:D4C 38@=D684C 51 4FB@=1 H 4547=4289: IB1 1C ?@=45DH C4 1R761@4 768K454 34: 51@466DCC45D 4 CD C46LD 1:W61:=45D 1: O38C1V

S1@712=D 51 C4@ 24=1LD6A4@ 7464 61716=D68D@51 76D=1@=4( 31RD@ CC1L45D 4 B: 58@1[D @8R8C464C 76D7B1@=D 7D6 O4C5169: e")*"fV b4 8514 1@2D:@=6B86 24=1LD6A4@ 51 76D=1@=4 @D284C IB18:58IB1: 58W161:284C1@ 51 K8DC1:284V U@A( 1: B:1Z=61RD 51 C4 C8@=4( 31RD@ 5128585D B=8C8G46 C41=8IB1=4 4228D:1@ 2D:W6D:=4=8K4@ eO4C5169:")*"f 7464 61W1686 4C B@D 51 R15854@ 645824C1@ 5176D=1@=4( 4=1:=45D@ 8:21:58468D@ H 1Z7CD@8KD@(

4=4IB1@ 46R45D@ H @4IB1D@V ?: 1C D=6D 1Z=61RD51 C4 C8@=4 1@=c: C4@ 512C46428D:1@ 7_EC824@(C4@ 51:B:284@ H CD@ 2DRB:8245D@( 4IB1CCD IB1IB154 1: 1C D651: 2DRB:824=8KD H IB1 4IBA @134 1=8IB1=45D 2DRD 42289: 512C464=8K4V o4FD

C4 1=8IB1=4 51 uR4:8W1@=4289:v 31RD@ 2DCD245D4IB1CC4@ 4228D:1@ 2Cc@824@ 51 76D=1@=4 @D284C(IB1 @D: 2D:@8516454@ 2DRD 516123D 511Z761@89: H 4R7C84R1:=1 =DC16454@$ 746D@(R46234@ H 2D:21:=6428D:1@V U5828D:4CR1:=1(2D:@85164RD@ IB1 C4@ 1Z761@8D:1@ @8RE9C824@(

46=A@=824@ H 61C8L8D@4@ IB1 @D: 1F12B=454@ 746476D=1@=46 2D:@=8=BH1: 61716=D68D@ 51 :D K8DC1:284V

716=D68D@ IB1 @B7D:1:( 51 746=1 51C 42=D6 1: D 768K45D 4=68EB85D 4C 4:=4LD:8@=4( 1@=D 1@( =DR4@H D2B7428D:1@ 51 8:@=8=B28D:1@ 7_EC824@( 21:=6D@51 76D5B2289: H CBL461@ 51 =64E4FDV U51Rc@ 51 4:=1 96L4:D@ 51 516123D 1Z=64 :428D:4C1@f(4746121 1: O38C1 B: 61716=D68D 58WA28C 51 1=8IB1=46 31RD@ 51:DR8:45D 4228D:1@ IB1 7D:1: 1:681@LD C4 76D784 K854V S1R8=1: 1: 746=82BC46 4 C4@3B1CL4@ 51 34RE61( 716D =4RE8P: 4C IB1R46@14 CD ED:GD D 1@24C46 4C=B64@ 71C8L6D@4@V ]D54@

1@=4@ 4228D:1@ @1 @8=_4: 1: 1C cRE8=D 51 CD1@712=42BC46( @B7D:1: C4 1Z7D@8289: 51C 681@LD HC4 4=68EB289: 51 61@7D:@4E8C8545 4C 4:=4LD:8@=4(H @B 42=8=B5 8:=64:@8L1:=1 61@712=D 51 2B4CIB816=64L1584 IB1 7B58164 @B21516V

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%


15/28

&%

R124:8@RD@ 51 L1@=89: 8:@=8=B28D:4C8G45D@ 7D61C ?@=45D( 1R761@4@ 1 8:=B828D:1@ 768K454@ 7464 58@=8:=D@ 7D5161@ 51C ?@=45D( 4 @B 247428545C1LA=8R4 51 1F16216 C4 2D16289:( 4@A 2DRD 51CD@ R124:8@RD@ 768K45D@ 7464 @DCB28D:46

2B1:=4 51C RD5D 1: IB1 P@=D@ @1 7D@828D:4:

R158c=824R1:=1 1: O38C1V Q464 2D:@=6B86:B1@=64@ 24=1LD6A4@ 617C824RD@ 1C 76D2158R81:&=D 8:5B2=8KD&515B2=8KD @1[4C45D Rc@ 4668E4(H 61K8@4RD@ C4@ 24=1LD6A4@ 761@1:=454@ 7D6O4C5169: e")*"fV ]4RE8P: B=8C8G4RD@ C4@ 7D6 1C ODR8=P 51 ,1LB8R81:=D( U:cC8@8@ 51C


16/28

H 29RDV U @B K1G( D681:=4: C4 61@7B1@=4 @DE61IBP D2B661 2D: C4@ RcZ8R4@ 51 `1@=4E8C8545a(`2D:@1:@Da H `R15854 51 CD 7D@8EC1a IB1 @1

8:@=4C46D: 1: 1C 8R4L8:468D 51 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@@D284C1@ 5B64:=1 C4 =64:@8289:V

?C @1LB:5D :8K1C 51 4:cC8@8@ 2D661@7D:51 4C4 1@=6B2=B64 51 D7D6=B:85451@ 7DCA=824@ H 4C@8@=1R4 7DCA=82DV ?C 8:58245D6 2D:@=6B85D 1: 1@=458R1:@89: =81:1 IB1 K16 2D: C4@ 1@=64=1L84@ 2D:C4@ 2B4C1@ 1C 47464=D 8:@=8=B28D:4C 61@B1CK1 CD@

H 4@A L1@=8D:46CD@( D E81:( @8 =81:51 4 61768R86CD@7464 @DWD246CD@V

?@=1 RD51CD 51 4:cC8@8@( IB1 8:=1L64 C41@=6B2=B64 51 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@H C4@ D7D6=B:85451@ 7DCA=824@ IB1 P@=D@1:2B1:=64: 1: C4 8:@=8=B28D:4C8545( 466DF4

B:D@ 8:58245D61@ 1R7A682D@ 7464 58@2B=86 C47DC8=8G4289: 51 C4 @D281545 238C1:4V ?C 282CD51 RDK8C8G4289: 4:4C8G45D 716R8=1 DE@16K461@4@ 2D:=8:B85451@;58@6B728D:1@ 1: 4RED@:8K1C1@V -B1@=64 3879=1@8@ 1@ IB1 1C 282CD 51RDK8C8G428D:1@ IB81E64 1C RD51CD 51 8:=1L64289:1:=61 RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ H @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D8:@=4C45D 1: C4 =64:@8289:( H IB1 1: 1@151@4FB@=1 1@=c: C4@ 2C4K1@ 7464 476DZ8R46@1 4

C4 7DC8=8G4289: 61W16854V

WJ8J '4 0A@D?,@?D4 /0 *.A [email protected].,-4*0A 06 *4 C.A@D46A-,-56= !,@.D0AX4*-4634A B CDT,@-,4A /0 CD.@0A@4

@D284C 1: O38C1 eT,Ubf( 1:=61 CD@ 4[D@ "))% H CBL46( =81R7D H 5B64289: 1: IB1 - 42=D61@ e5158@=8:=D =87Df 1F12B=4: - 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4

e51 B: 61716=D68D 58@7D:8EC1f IB1 @1 5868L1: 4- 4:=4LD:8@=4@ e51C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D H 768K45DfIB1 42=8K4: - RD5D@ 51 76D21@4R81:=D e51 %V

bD 768R16D IB1 DE@16K4RD@ 1@ IB1 5B64:=1 @1 4261281:=4( 1@ 51286( 1: =P6R8:D@ 51C @1 K4 8:@=4C4:5D 2D: WB16G4 1: CD@ R158D@ 512DRB:824289: H 1: C4 761:@4V Q464 W428C8=46 C4

C12=B64 51 1@=4 1KDCB289: eH C4 51 CD@ 51Rc@8:58245D61@f( 4L6B74RD@ E84:B4CR1:=1l 2B4=6DRDR1:=D@ 51C 282CD 51 RDK8C8G4289:( IB1 @12D661@7D:51: 51 2816=D@ 2D6=1@ @B@=4:=8KD@ D1=474@( H 51 C4 58@=68EB289: 51 CD@ 54=D@V

M1 1@=4 R4:164( C4 58@=68EB289: 51 CD@ 1K1:=D@

"))#&")*) 61L8@=64 B: */w 51 CD@ 1K1:=D@ H ")*) e76DE4EC1R1:=1 51E85D 4C 2D:=1Z=D1C12=D64Cf( C4 =1:51:284 5B64:=1 1@=1 282CD 1@

2B4:=8=4=8KD( 61C428D:45D 2D: C4 W612B1:284 515823D@ 1K1:=D@( @8:D =4RE8P: 2B4C8=4=8KDV ?@=D@1 1Z7C824 7D6IB1( 1: 768R16 CBL46( 1: C4 R15854 Rc@ =87D@ 51 42=D61@ 8:KDCB2645D@ 1: 1CCD@V ?@=D @1 K8:2BC4 2D: B: 4BR1:=D 1: C4@ 4C84:G4@ 1:=61

% O454 24@D =81:1 1@=4 24642=16A@=824 7D6 D68L1: 7168D5A@=82DV?C 24@D 2D661@7D:51 4C 1K1:=D 2D:WC82=B4C 1: =D6:D 4C 2B4C 1C7168D58@=4 K8:2BC4 =87D@ 51 42=D61@( 61716=D68D 51 4228D:1@ 5176D=1@=4 1F12B=454@( 1@21:468D@ R1584=8G45D@ 51 2D:WC82=D H @B@4C24:21@ 7DCA=82D@V

l ?: =D5D 1C 7168D5D 4:4C8G45D( @1 1F12B=46D: ""


17/28

58@=8:=D@ 42=D61@ IB1 2D:2B661: 4 B: R8@RD 42=D61@ 746=82874:=1@V QD6 1F1R7CD( C4 4C84:G4

1:=61 =64E4F45D61@( 1@=B584:=1@ H 2DC1L8D@76DW1@8D:4C1@ @1 =64:@WD6R4 1: B:4 RD54C8545612B661:=1 5B64:=1 =D5D 1@=1 282CD( H 4C24:G41@71284C 8:=1:@8545 1: C4 _C=8R4 1=474 4:4C8G454(")**&")*"( 5D:51 @1 2D:=4E8C8G46D: l.* 1K1:=D@

?: @1LB:5D CBL46( R81:=64@ Rc@ =87D@ 51 42=D61@

1: PCV QD6 1F1R7CD( @8 =64E4F45D61@( 1@=B584:=1@(D 8:5AL1:4@ 1F12B=4: B: =87D 51 76D=1@=42B4:5D @1 RDK8C8G4: @DCD@( 2B4:5D 2D:@=6BH1:4C84:G4@ @1 1F12B=4: Rc@ 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=41: 1@1 1K1:=DV M1 3123D( CD@ 54=D@ 51C 282CD51 RDK8C8G4289: RB1@=64: B: W1:9R1:D RBH

8:=161@4:=1$ 1: C4@ 768R164@ 5D@ 1=474@ 34H Rc@42=D61@ IB1 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4 1F12B=454@ 1: B:4 L64: 24:=8545 51 1CCD@( 34H B: @DCD 42=D6 7D6

1=474 IB1 1@ 51 617C81LB1 51C RDK8R81:=D@D284C( C4 61C4289: @1 8:K816=1$ 34H Rc@ =87D@

51 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4 IB1 =87D@ 51 42=D61@ 76D5B21 B:4 6428D:4C8G4289: 51 CD@ 612B6@D@V ?: =D5D@ CD@ =87D@ 51 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4 7D@8EC1@V?@=1 76D21@D @1 DE@16K4 2D: 2C468545 1: C4

H CD@ 42=D61@ 746=82874:=1@( 4C =81R7D IB1 1C61716=D68D 51 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4 RB1@=64 B:4

51 CD@ 282CD@ RDK8C8G4=D68D@ =81:1 IB1 K16 2D:C4 61C4289: 1:=61 4228D:1@ 1F12B=454@ H CD@

4BR1:=4 1C :_R16D 51 4228D:1@ 1F12B=454@eCD IB1 1@=c 4@D2845D 4C :_R16D 51 42=D61@746=82874:=1@f( 1C 3D68GD:=1 51 C4 7DCA=824=4RE8P: @1 1Z74:51V

U2=D61@ H 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4 5B64:=1 "))%&")*"

"))%&")*"V



18/28

?: @A:=1@8@( 51@51 1C 7B:=D 51 K8@=4 51CD@ 612B6@D@ RDK8C8G45D@ 1: CD@ 1K1:=D@

76D=1@=4@ 2D:FB:=4@V U @B K1G( C4@ 4C84:G4@716R8=1: IB1 @1 51@466DCC1: Rc@ 4228D:1@51 76D=1@=4 1: B: R8@RD 1K1:=DV ]D5D 1@=DL1:164 B:4 1:@1[4:G4 IB1 K4 WD6=4C1281:5DC4 42289: 51 CD@ 42=D61@ @D284C1@ 4 =4C 7B:=DIB1( H 1@=D 1@ 8R7D6=4:=1( @1 =64:@WD6R4: 1:RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@V ?@=4 =64:@WD6R4289: 51

42=D61@ 1: RDK8R81:=D@ :D@ 746121 2D3161:=12D: C4 8:=16761=4289: IB1 51@466DCC4RD@ 51 CD@54=D@ 1: K86=B5 51 @B D68L1: 7168D5A@=82DV bD@R158D@ 34EC4: 51 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@2B4:5D P@=D@ 34: 4L1:2845D R4:8W1@=428D:1@6DEB@=4@( 1: 2B4:=D 4 @B W612B1:284 H @B5B64289:( C4@ 4C84:G4@ H C4@ 4228D:1@ 51

716@712=8K4( 7D51RD@ DE@16K46 B: 24RE8D1: C4@ C9L824@ 51 K8@8E8C8G4289:&8:K8@8E8C8G4289: 76D=1@=4V

S1@712=D 51 C4 58@=68EB289: 51 42=D61@ 1: 1C282CD 51 RDK8C8G428D:1@( @D: 2B4=6D CD@ 42=D61@ 8:5AL1:4@ H 42=8K8@=4@ B6E4:D@V bD@ 1@=B584:=1@4BR1:=4: 1: =P6R8:D@ 4E@DCB=D@ H 2DRD

76D7D6289: 61@712=D 51C =D=4C 51 1K1:=D@ B6E4:D@ R4:=81:1: B:4 76D7D6289: @8R8C46V?: C4@ 1=474@ 21:=64C1@( CD@ =64E4F45D61@4C24:G4: @B 7B:=D Rc@ cCL85D 61C428D:45D2D: C4@ RDK8C8G428D:1@ 51 CD@ =64E4F45D61@

U228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4 5B64:=1 "))%&")*"

"))%&")*"V

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%


19/28

WJPJ '. C.*L@-,4106@0 C.A-G*0 A0RY6 *[email protected] A.,-4*0A

?: C4 @12289: 4:=168D6 DE@16K4RD@ 29RD C4RDK8C8G4289: @D284C @1 34 85D WD6=4C1281:5D1: 1C 282CD 4:4C8G45DV ?@=D 34 @B21585D 1:

WB:289: 51 5D@ W42=D61@$ 7D6 B: C45D( Rc@42=D61@ 2D:2B661: 4 76D=1@=46 4C R8@RD 1K1:=DH( 7D6 D=6D C45D( 1F12B=4: Rc@ H Rc@ K468454@4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4 1: 1CCD@V ?: 1@=4 @12289:8:=1:=4RD@ 61@7D:516 C4@ @8LB81:=1@ 761LB:=4@$ 51 C4 RDK8C8G4289: @D284C 1: CD@ 58@2B6@D@ 51CD@ R4:8W1@=4:=1@q xg4:=81:1: CD@ R462D@

C4 42289: 7DCA=824 @1 D681:=4 4 C4 1@=4E8C85458:@=8=B28D:4C( 1C 2D:@1:@D C1L8@C4=8KD( C44B=D2D:=1:289: H RD5164289: 51 CD@7C4:=14R81:=D@ =64:@WD6R45D61@q

U2=D6 e7D6 @A @DCDf 5B64:=1 "))%&")*"

"))%&")*"V

Q464 1Z7CD646 1@=4 58R1:@89: 31RD@ 2D:@=6B85D C4@ 24=1LD6A4@ 51 1@=4 K4684EC1 @D: D658:4C1@$ K4:51@51 B:4 R1:D6 645824C8545 H =64:@WD6R4289:51 C4 51R4:54 4 B:4 R4HD6V ?@=D@ 54=D@ @1

DE=BK816D: 51 C4 8:=1:289: 512C464=8K4 1Z7CA28=4 47B:=4 4 B: 4661LCD 746=82BC46 5D:51 8:=16K81:1: 1Z2CB@8K4R1:=1V

b4@ RDK8C8G428D:1@ @1 46=82BC4:( WB:54R1:=4C&

42D=45D@V ,8: 1RE46LD( 1: CD@ RDR1:=D@ 51R4HD6 RDK8C8G4289:( 768R164 H 2B46=4 1=474( 1CDEF1=8KD 51 =64:@WD6R4289: 7DCA=824 4BR1:=4(1@ 51286( @1 4K4:G4 34284 =64:@WD6R428D:1@



20/28

"))%&")*"V

2DR7C1F4@ IB1 8:KDCB264: 46LBR1:=D@ Rc@ C1H1@( 24RE8D@ 51 B:4 7DCA=824 7_EC824( 1=2V

?@=D 1@ 1@71284CR1:=1 1K851:=1 1:=61 1C ")**H 1C ")*"( 5D:51 1@=4 _C=8R4 24=1LD6A4 4C24:G4 RB1@=64 B:4 1KDCB289: 1: =P6R8:D@ 51 IB1 C4@RcZ8R4@ 51 C4 =64:@8289:( 2D:@1:@D( 1@=4E8C8545H RD5164289:( H4 :D @D: 8:=16:4C8G454@ 7D6 CD@RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@V QD6 =4:=D( CD@ 4C24:21@

51 C4 RDK8C8G4289: 5168K4: 1: B:4 R4HD6645824C8545( 4@A 2DRD 1: B:4 76D=1@=4 IB1 p545D 1C 4BR1:=D 51 @B@ W42=D61@& @1 KB1CK1Rc@ 6DEB@=4( 2D:@=68[1:5D 4 CD@ R158D@ 7464IB1 617D6=1:;K8@8E8C821: 1@=4@ 512C46428D:1@7DCA=824@V ?:=D:21@( H4 :D 1@ =4: Wc28C 51@7DC8=8G46

R158c=824R1:=1V bD@ 4=68EB=D@ 51 51@D651:(24D@ H =166D68@RD 2D: IB1 164: 1=8IB1=454@C4@ RDK8C8G428D:1@ 1: C4 =64:@8289:( 54: 74@D

4 B: 76D21@D 51 :1LD284289: H 58@7B=4 7D6 45IB8681:5D( 51 RD5D IB1 C4 =64:@WD6R4289:7DCA=824 1@=6B2=B64C 1R16L1 2DRD B:4 8:=1:289:C1LA=8R4V ]D5D @B2151 2DRD @8 1C 4BR1:=D 51 H C4 76DWB:58545 51 C4@ 51R4:54@ 7C4:=1454@VOD: 1CCD( @1 4R7CA4 1C 3D68GD:=1 51 1Z712=4=8K4@

?C 4BR1:=D 51C :_R16D 51 42=D61@ 1: B:4RDK8C8G4289: =81:1 1C 1W12=D 51 4R7C84289: 51C RB1@=64 @D: R1:D@ 24@D@ e1: C4 R4HD6A4 34H

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%


21/28

@9CD B: 42=D6 746=82874:=1f( C4@ 46=82BC428D:1@H C4@ 4C84:G4@ 51@7C4G4: C4 8:=1:28D:4C85457DCA=824 34284 B:4 R4HD6 645824C8545V X4H B:4@B16=1 51 12D:DRA4 51 1@24C4 1: C4@ 76D=1@=4@IB1 3421 IB1 @B 26128R81:=D e1: =P6R8:D@ 51

C4 24:=8545 51 RDK8C8G428D:1@ H 51 CD@ 42=D61@8:KDCB2645D@f 76D5BG24 4BR1:=D@ 1: =D5D@CD@ 51Rc@ W42=D61@( 8:2CB854 C4 8:=1:28D:4C8545 lf( 1@ 51286( 1C 4C24:21 51 C4@ 51R4:54@ IB1

O4E1 61W1686 C4 761@1:284 R46L8:4C 51 4IB1CCD@

51 =87D =64:@WD6R4289: 645824C 51C D651:@D28D&7DCA=82D eRDK8R81:=D@ 61KDCB28D:468D@46R45D@( L6B7D@ 4:=8@8@=PR82D@( 1=2VfV ?@=1=87D 51 42=8K8545 7DCA=824 @B1C1 1@=46 4C R46L1:

"))%&")*"V

=4RE8P: 51 CD@ 282CD@ 51 RDK8C8G4289: IB1@42B51: 4C L6B1@D 51 C4 7DEC4289: 238C1:4( :D

?C @1LB:5D 8:58245D6 IB1 1R7C14RD@7464 4:4C8G46 C4@ =64:@WD6R428D:1@ 51 CD7DCA=824R1:=1 7D@8EC1 p1: =4:=D 61@BC=45D 51C282CD 51 RDK8C8G428D:1@& 1@ 1C 51 1@21:468D 51 IB1 614C8G4: CD@ R158D@ 51 761:@4V M823D@

5D:51 24E1: CD@ 42=D61@( 1C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82DH C4 WD6R4 1: IB1 CD@ 58@=8:=D@ R158D@ 512DRB:824289:( 2D: @B@ 58W161:=1@ 8R742=D@H CA:14@ 158=D684C1@( 7BF4: 7464 8:=6D5B286 CD@4@712=D@ IB1 2454 B:D 2D:@85164 61C1K4:=1@V



22/28

"))%&")*"V

"))%&")*"V

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%


23/28

7612151:=1@ 1@ IB1 1: O38C1 @1 34: 85D

C4 768R164 1=474( 2D6D:454 7D6 C4 61KDCB289:78:Ly8:4( K1RD@ IB1 CD@ 516123D@ @D284C1@ @1 1: =P6R8:D@ 51C 8:58245D6 4:=168D6 2D661@7D:51 42D=45DfV MB64:=1 C4@ 768R164@ =61@ 1=474@( @1DE@16K4 29RD CD@ R158D@ 8:WD6R4: 421624 51

4 R47B231@ H 238C1:D@V ?@=D 1@ B:4 RB1@=6451 29RD CD@ R158D@ 2D:@=68[1: B:4 76D=1@=46DEB@=4 51 1@=4@ 24642=16A@=824@ 1: WB:289: 51 b4 2D:@=6B2289: 51 B: 1@21:468D P=:82D 34EC451 2816=D PZ8=D 51C RDK8R81:=D 8:5AL1:4( 1:=4:=D @1 34 1R7128:45D( 2D:=64 C4 8:=1:289: 51CLDE816:D H 51 CD@ 1R761@468D@( 1: @D@=1:16 IB1

08:4CR1:=1( @1 DE@16K4 29RD C4 1=474 51 R4HD6RDK8C8G4289:( 2D661@7D:581:=1 4C =64RD ")**&")*"( 2D:5B21 4 B:4 @1R4:=8G4289: 51 C4@ E4FD C4 1=8IB1=4 51 CD@ 516123D@ @D284C1@V ?:1@=1 7B:=D( 516123D @D284C =81:1 B: 1Z2151:=1

51R4:54@( C4@ 2B4C1@( 1: D=6D CBL46 H =81R7D(7B151: 47461216 1: 1C cRE8=D 768K45D( L61R84C(1=2V ?: 1@=1 @1:=85D( @1 1K851:284 B: 76D21@D7DCA=82D L1:164C 51 612B7164289: 51 CD 7_EC82DV

WJWJ '4A .C.D@?6-/4/0A C.*L@-,4A /0 *[email protected] A.,-4*0A

,1L_: C4 R1=cWD64 IB1 2862BC4 2D: WB16G4 1:C4 42=B4C8545( C4 E466164 51 CD 7D@8EC1 @1 3451@7C4G45D 7D6 C4 42289: 51 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@@D284C1@V ?: 1@=4 @12289: EB@24RD@ 61@7D:516

x29RD 34 614228D:45D 1C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D 41@=D@ 24RE8D@ 8:=16:4C8G45D@ 7D6 C4 28B5454:A4qx,1 34 4E816=D 4 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@( D

@8LB1 D7164:5D B:4 C9L824 2166454&61761@8K4IB1 IB8161 61@=68:L86 4C 7D516 1F12B=8KD H 4C746C4R1:=D CD 7DCA=82D H @B 58@2B@89:q

?C 768R16 8:58245D6 IB1 2D:@=6B8RD@ 74644:4C8G46 1@=1 4@712=D 1@ @8 1Z8@=1 D :D 6142289:4 CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@V bD IB1 RB1@=64:CD@ 54=D@ 1@ IB1 1C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D 238C1:D @1

R4:=81:1 1@=4EC1( 2DRD @8 @1 =64=464 51 B:424642=16A@=824 1:5PR824 51C R8@RDV QD6 B: C45D( R4:=81:1 @8: 61@7B1@=4V QD6 D=6D C45D( 1: =D6:D4C l)w @D: 76D21@45D@ 51 4CLB:4 R4:164 eK16 :D 1@=4RD@ 1K4CB4:5D 1C =87D 51 76D21@4R81:=D 8:=1L64289: 7464 EB@246 @DCB28D:1@ 4 C4 61761@89:V?: @BR4( :D 34H D7D6=B:85451@ 7DCA=824@ 7464IB1 @1 76D21@1: C4@ 51R4:54@ 51 CD@ 42=D61@7DCA=82D@V ?C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D D7164 1: B:4 C9L824 b458@=68EB289: @1L_: =87D 51 42=D6 51 C4 L1@=89: 51 W612B1:284 H C4 24:=8545 51 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=41F12B=454@( 1@=D 1@( C4 WB16G4 IB1 4C24:G4 2454

]64E4F45D61@( 8:5AL1:4@( 2DC1L8D@ 76DW1@8D:4C1@H 1@=B584:=1@ @D: CD@ IB1 4C24:G4: R4HD6 CD =4:=D( IB81:1@ @1 RDK8C8G4: 2D: W612B1:284 H4R7C8=B5 CDL64: 1: R4HD6 R15854 614228D:1@ 51746=1 51 C4 4B=D68545V

b4 R8@R4 =1:51:284 @1 DE@16K4 1: =P6R8:D@ CD@ 516123D@ @D284C1@ H 4 CD P=:82D 1:2B1:=64:R4HD6 76D21@4R81:=D 7D6 746=1 51C @8@=1R4



24/28

"))%&")*"V

"))%&")*"V

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%


25/28

"))%&")*"V

61281:=1@ D IB1 2B1:=4: 2D: 42=D61@ R1:D@1R7D51645D@ =81:51: 4 =1:16 R1:D6 61@7B1@=4V U3D64 E81:( 1C IB1 34H4 76D21@4R81:=D 51 :D 8R7C824( :121@4684R1:=1( IB1 1C @8@=1R4

7DCA=82D 8:=1L61 4 1@D@ 42=D61@ 1: 8:@=4:284@ 51L1@=89: H 58@2B@89: 7464 4668E46 4 @DCB28D:1@VbD IB1 RB1@=64: CD@ 54=D@ 1@ IB1 1C @8@=1R47DCA=82D =81:51 4 768D68G46 1@=64=1L84@ 61761@8K4@ OD:@=6B8RD@ 1C 8:58245D6 =87D 51 L1@=89: 51C

2D: 2C468545 1@ IB1 CD@ 42=D61@ 6DEB@=D@(IB1 4BR1:=4: @B@ W42=D61@ 51 76D=1@=4(@D: 1:W61:=45D@ 51@51 1C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82DR4HD6R1:=1 R1584:=1 1@=64=1L84@ 51 61761@89:V?@=D 1@ 74=1:=1 1: 1C 24@D 51 CD@ 1@=B584:=1@(

CD@ 8:5AL1:4@ H CD@ 42=8K8@=4@ B6E4:D@( 4:=1IB81:1@ C4 6142289: 1@=c:546 1@ 1C B@D 51 C4WB16G4 7_EC824V ?: 1C 24@D 51 CD@ 8:5AL1:4@ @1@BR4( 451Rc@( C4 1@=64=1L84 51 FB58284C8G4289:(IB1 8:KDCB264 1C 1:24621C4R81:=D H C4 47C824289:51 C4@ C1H1@ 51 @1LB68545 8:=168D6 51C 1@=45D H

4:=8=166D68@=4V bD@ =64E4F45D61@( IB1 @1 RB1K1: 42D=45D( @B1C1: 6128E86 R4HD6 L1@=89:( @DE61=D5D 7D6IB1 :1LD284: 58612=4R1:=1 2D: C4@

bD 4:=168D6 @1 1Z761@4 2D: 2C468545 1:

=P6R8:D@ 51C =87D 51 L1@=89: @1L_: 1@21:468D 4RE81:=4C 12DC9L82D RB1@=64: R4HD6 4716=B644 C4 L1@=89:( 1@ 51286( 4 C4 8:=1L64289: H 4 C4E_@IB154 2D:@1:@B454 51 @DCB28D:1@V bD



26/28

"))%&")*"V

"))%&")*"V

!"#$%&' )*%&+', -" .$"/0$'% 120$',"% "#$ %&'"( ")*%


27/28

P=:82D( CD 61C4=8KD 4 CD@ 516123D@ @D284C1@ H CD:D6R4=8KD K4C9682D eIB1 1@ 1C cRE8=D 51 CD@42=8K8@=4@ 51 LP:16D H 61C8L8D@D@( 716D IB1

61761@1:=4 B:4 76D7D6289: R1:D6 1: 2B4:=D 4 =81:51: Rc@ E81: 4 C4 61761@89:V

:J %.6,*?A-.60A

?: 1@=1 46=A2BCD :D@ 31RD@ D2B745D 51

DE@16K46 CD@ 61716=D68D@ 51 76D=1@=4 51 CD@RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@( 1 8:=166DL46 51@51 1CCD@C4 1@=6B2=B64 51 D7D6=B:85451@ 1Z8@=1:=1 1:1C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82DV U 746=86 51 1@=1 4:cC8@8@(7D51RD@ @D@=1:16 C4 8514 51 B: 76D21@D 517DC8=8G4289: 261281:=1 1: C4 @D281545 238C1:4 1:1C 7168D5D 2D:@851645DV

bD@ W42=D61@ D 612B6@D@ IB1 B=8C8G4: CD@ 42=D61@IB1 @1 RDK8C8G4: 34: 4BR1:=45DV X4H Rc@ H @1 46=82BC4: Rc@ 42=D61@V ,1 1F12B=4:76D7D628D:4CR1:=1 Rc@ 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4VbD@ 4C24:21@ 51 C4 7DCA=824 H @B@ 1Z712=4=8K4@51 =64@WD6R4289: @1 4FB@=4: p1: B:4 @B16=151 12D:DRA4 51 1@24C4& 4 1@1 4BR1:=D 51W42=D61@ 51 76D=1@=4( H( 4 @B K1G( @1 4R7CA4:V

b4 =64:@WD6R4289: 7DCA=824 @1 8:@=4C4 2D: WB16G42DRD B: 51@1D H 51@4WA4 C4 8514 51 DEF1=8KD@ RD51CD 51 RDK8C8G4289: @D284C IB1 @1 34EA451@466DCC45D 1: C4 =64:@8289:V bD@ 1@21:468D@ 42=D61@( 1C @8@=1R4 7DCA=82D H CD@ R158D@ IB1 CD@76D21@4: 2DRB:824=8K4R1:=1 =4RE8P: @1 34:

IB1 C4 42289: 51 58@=8:=D@ 42=D61@ 34 1Z74:585D

1@=B584:=1@( 2DC1L8D@ 76DW1@8D:4C1@ H 42=8K8@=4@B6E4:D@ 34: 51@7C4G45D @B@ 1@21:468D@ 51

4 CD@ 516123D@ @D284C1@V bD@ 8:5AL1:4@ 34: =1668=D684C1@ @1 34: 7D@828D:45D 1:=61 CD@516123D@ @D284C1@ H CD@ 12DC9L82D@ 4RE81:=4C1@V

bD@ 54=D@ RB1@=64:( 1:=D:21@( IB1 1C 4BR1:=D

51 C4@ 4228D:1@ 51 76D=1@=4f 2D:5B21: 4 B:44R7C84289: 51 CD@ 4C24:21@ 51 CD 7DCA=82D eC47D@8E8C8545 51 7C4:=146 =64:@WD6R428D:1@f( H 51CD@ 1@21:468D@ 51 C4 7DCA=824 eC4 @1R4:=8G4289: RDK8C8G4289: 51 CD@ 42=D61@ @D284C1@( D 51CD@ RDK8R81:=D@ @D284C1@ IB1 1@ CD R8@RD(34 =64:@WD6R45D C4 E466164 51 CD 7D@8EC1V bD@28B5454:D@ :D @9CD IB8161: 24RE8D@( @8:D IB17C4:=14: IB1 P@=D@ 51E1: @16 Rc@ 76DWB:5D@H 1: cRE8=D@ IB1 4:=1@ :D 164: 2D:@851645D@7D6 C4 8:@=8=B28D:4C8545 7_EC824V

UB: 2B4:5D :D =D54 C4 @D281545 @1 1:2B1:=618:KDCB26454 1: 1@=1 76D21@D RDK8C8G4=D68D(P@=1 @1 2D:K816=1 1: B: =16R9R1=6D @D284C IB1

4W12=4 4C 2D:FB:=D 51 C4 7DEC4289:( H 58@7B=4; 2D:IB8@=4 @1:=85D@ 7DCA=82D@ 61@712=D 4 CD7D@8EC1( @B@ 8:=1:@85451@ H R124:8@RD@ 74644C24:G46 CD@ DEF1=8KD@ 7C4:=145D@V M1 D=64WD6R4 :D @16A4 1:=1:58EC1( 7D6 1F1R7CD( IB1 C48:=166DL4:=1 421624 51 B:4 :B1K4 2D:@=8=B289:7DCA=824 IB1 3421 28:2D 4[D@ 164 8:1Z8@=1:=11: CD@ @D:51D@ 51 D78:89:( 3DH @14 B:4

761LB:=4 8R761@28:58EC1V ?CCD 58R1:@8D:4 CD@61:58R81:=D@ 51 1@=1 282CD 51 7DC8=8G4289:V



28/28

ULB8C164( TV ")*"V `S1716=D68D@ H 282CD@ 51

RDK8C8G4289: FBK1:8C 1: O38C1 e")))&")*"faV O&2

el ciclo de movilización en chile 2005-2012: fundamentos y proyecciones de una politización

Documents