ejercicios resueltos de balanceo

8/16/2019 Ejercicios Resueltos de Balanceo

1/11

RESPUESTAS - TAREA # 3MÉTODOS DE BALANCEO DE ECUACIONES QUÍMICAS

1. Resuelva las siuie!"es euai$!es %$& el '("$)$ )e "a!"e$*

a) H2O + N2O5 → NHO3H2O + N2O5 →

2NHO3

b) HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2 2HCl + Zn

→ ZnCl2 + H2

c) KClO3 → KCl + O2 2KClO3 →

2KCl + 3O2

d) SO2 + O2 → SO3 2SO2 + O2

→ 2SO3

e) Cl2 + HI → I2 + HClCl2 + 2HI → I2 + 2HCl

+. Resuelva las siuie!"es euai$!es %$& el '("$)$ ale,&ai$

a. FeS2 + O2 → SO2 + Fe2O3A B C D

Fe: A = 2D A = 1 x 4 = 4

S: 2A = C = 11!4 x 4 = 11

O: 2 = 2C + 3D C = 2 x 4 = "

D = # x 4 =2

b.

1$HCl + 2K%nO4 → 2KCl + 2%nCl2 + "H2O + 5Cl2

"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"

"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"

N 2 2

2 2

O5 5

"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"

2 2

Cl 2 2

/! 1 1

"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"

0 2 2

Cl 2 2

O $ $

"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"S 2 2

O $ $

"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"

Cl 2 2

2 2

I 2 2

1 = 2D

D = #

2&1) =C

2 = 2&2) +3&1!2) = 11!4

"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"

4 FeS2 + 11 O2 → " SO2 + 2 e 4 4S " "

O22 1$+$

HCl + K%nO4 → KCl + %nCl2 + H2O + Cl2A B C D E H: A = 2' A = 1 x 1$ = 1$

Cl: A = C + 2D + 2F = 1!" x 1$ = 2

K: = C C = 1!" x 1$ = 2

%n: = D D = 1!" x 1$ = 2

O: 4 = ' ' = # x 1$ = "

F = 1$!5 x 1$ = 51 = 2' 4 = 1!" = 2F = 1(1!"(2&1!")

' = # = 1!" = F = 5!1$


2/11

1$ 1$

Cl 1$ 2+4+1

0 2 2

M! 2 2

O " "


3/11

c. C* + HNO3 → C*&NO3)2 + NO + H2A B C D E

C*: A = C A = 3!" x " = 3

H: = 2' = 1 x " = "

N: = 2C + D C = 3!" x " = 3

O: 3 = $C + D + ' D = x " =2 ' = # x " =

41 = 2' 3& = 2C + D) ' = 2D 1 = 2C + D

' = #3 B = 6C + D +

E

− 3 B = −6C − 3 D

= −2 D + E

D = C = 3!"

3 C* + " HNO3 = 3 C*&NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2

d. K4Fe&CN)$ + K%nO4 + HCl → KCl + FeCl3 + %nCl2 + CO2 + NO + H2O

A B C D E 2 IK: 4A + = D A = 1 x 5 = 5

Fe: A = ' = 43!5 x 5 = 43

C: $A = , C = 1$4!5 x 5 = 1$4

N: $A = H D = $3!5 x 5 = $3

%n: = F ' = 1 x 5 = 5

O: 4 = 2, + H + I F = 43!5 x 5 = 43

H: C = 2I , = $ x 5 = 3

Cl: C = D + 3' + 2F H = $ x 5 = 3

I = "2!5 x 5 = "2

$&1) = H C = 2I

$&1) = , C = D + 3' + 2F

2I = D + 3' + 2F" = 4, + 2H + 2I &d*-lca/0 la ec*acn del O)

2I = D+ 3' + 2F

" D 3' 2F = 4, + 2H &C0/0 = F e **6e F -07 )

" D 3' 2 = 4, + 2H 4A + = D C = D + 3' + 2F

$ = 4, + 2H + D + 3' 4&1) + 43!5 = C = $3!5 + 3&1) +

4A + = D &e 7ea) D = $3!5 C = 1$4!5

5 4A = 4, + 2H + 3'

5 4&1) = 4&$) + 2&$) + 3&1) C = 2I

= 24+12+3+4!5 I = "2!5

= 43!5

5K4Fe&CN)$ + 43K%nO4 + 1$4HCl = $3KCl + 5FeCl3 + 43%nCl2 + 3CO2 + 3NO + "2H2O

e. 8bS + HNO3 → 8b&NO3)2 + NO + S + H2O

A C D ' F

8b: A = C A = 1 x 3 = 3

S: A = ' = "!3 x 3 = "

H: = 2F C = 1 x 3 = 3

N: = 2C + D D = 2!3 x 3 = 2

O: 3 = $C + D + F ' = 1 x 3 = 3

F = 4!3 x 3 =

4 = 2C + D = 2F D = 2C

"$ Rea#"iv P&$)u#"

Cu 3 3

" "

N " $ + 2

O 24 1"+2+4


4/11

( = (2F

= 2C 2F + D

= 2&4!3)

= "!3

D = "!3( 2

D = 2!3

3 = $C + D +F

= (2C + 2F


5/11

(3 = ($F

= 4C 3F F = 4!338bS + "HNO3 = 38b&NO3)2 + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O

3. Resuelva las siuie!"es euai$!es %$& el '("$)$ )el !'e&$ )e la vale!ia $ !'e&$)e $4i)ai5!.

a)

+9 (1 +2

K%nO4 + AlI3 + H2SO4 = %nSO4 + K2SO4 + Al2&SO4)3 + I2 + H2O

ed=5 Ox=3

;*e


6/11

2I = I2 Fe = Fe


7/11

Incl*n de elec70ne:

2I 2e = I2 Fe + 1e = Fe

Ine7ca/b0 de c0ecene 6 an*lacn de elec70ne:

2I 2e = I22Fe + 2e = 2Fe

S*/a de ec*ac0ne nca:

2I + 2Fe = I2 + 2Fe

Euai5! iuala)a*2KI + 2FeCl3 = 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2

,.-3 7+ 8 8NH3 + C*O = H2 + N2 + C*

'c*ac0ne nca


8/11

e.

7: -+ 73 8K2C7 2O9 + H2S + H2SO4 = K2SO4 + C7 2&SO4)3 + S + H2O

'c*ac0ne nca


9/11

b.

I2 + HNO3 = HI4 + NO + H2O

A C D '

Algebraico:

I: 2A = C A = 3!14 x 14 = 3

H: = C + 2' = 1 x 14 = 14

N: = D C = 3!9 x 14 = $

O: 3 = 4C + D + ' D = 1 x 14 = 14' = 2!9 x 14 =

4

3 = 4C + D + ' C = 2' 2A = C

3 = 4C + ' C = 1 2&2!9) 2A = 3!9

2 = 4C + ' C = 3!9 A = 3!14

2&1) = 4& 2') + '

2 = 4 "' + '

' = 4&1) 2 ! 9 = 2!9

Ecuación igualada: 3I2 + 14HNO3 = $HI4 + 14NO + 4H2O

Número de valencia:

+1+5(2 +1+9(2 +2(2 +1(2

I2 + HNO3 = HI4 + NO + H2O

S*b>ndce:

2+1 = 3 1+1 = 2

I: Ox=9x2 = 14 &e /*l-lca -07 el *b>ndce)N: ed=3x1=3


Ión electrón: +5 +9 +2

I2 + HNO3 = HI4 + NO + H2O

+9 +5 +2

I2 = 2I N = N

Incl*n de elec70ne:

I2 ( 14e = 2I N + 3e = N

Ine7ca/b0 de c0ecene 6 an*lacn de elec70ne:3&I2 ( 14e = 2I)

14&N + 3e = N)

S*/a de ec*ac0ne nca:3I2 + 14N = $I + 14N


c.

C* + HNO3 = C*&NO3)2 + NO + H2O A C D '

Algebraico:

C*: A = C A = 1 x 3 = 3

H: = 2' = "!3 x 3 = "

N: = 2C + D C = 1 x 3 = 3

O: 3 = $C + D + ' D = 2!3 x 3 =

2 ' = 4!3 x 3 =4

3 = $C + D + ' = 2' D = 2C = 2C + D = 2&4!3) D = "!3

2


10/11

2 = 4C + ' = "!3 D = 2!3

2&2') = 4 + '

4' ' = 4' = 4!3

Ecuación igualada: 3C* + "HNO3 = 3C*&NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O


11/11

Número de valencia:8 7; 7+ 7+C* + HNO3 = C*&NO3)2 + NO + H2O

ed=2 Ox=3

;a

ejercicios resueltos de balanceo

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