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SI Base Units
Quantity Name Symbol
Length meter mMass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Thermodynamic temperature kelvin K
Amount of substance mole mol
Luminous intensity candela cd
Common Scientific Units and Symbols
Symbol Unit
Unit expressed in
other SI units Symbol Unit
Unit expressed in
other SI units
A ampere K kelvin
Å ångstrom L liter
atm atmosphere M mol/LC coulomb s A m meter
8C degree Celsius min minute
cal calorie N newton m kg/s2
eV electron volt Pa pascal N/m2
F farad C/V s secondG gauss T tesla kg/s2Ag gram V volt W/Ah hour W watt J/sHz hertz s21 V ohm V/AJ joule N m
SI Prefixes for Common Multiplication Factors
Prefix Symbol Factor
tera T 1012
giga G 109
mega M 106
kilo k 103
deci d 1021
centi c 1022
milli m 1023
micro m 1026
nano n 1029
pico p 10212
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Physical Constants
Constant Symbol Value
Avogadro’s number N 6.022 1023
atoms/molPlanck’s constant h 6.626 10234 J s
Speed of light in vacuum c 2.998 108 m/sGas constant R 0.08206 L atm/K molFaraday constant F 96485.3 C/molBoltzmann constant k 1.381 10223 J/K Electronic charge e 21.6022 10219 C
Common Conversion Factors
Concentration
1 M ¼ 1 mole/L% w/w ¼ (g analyte/g sample) 100%
% w/v ¼ (g analyte/volume of sample) 100% (Volume units, such as deciliter, L, mL must be specified)
1 part per million (ppm) ¼ 1 mg analyte/g sample¼ 1 mg analyte/kg sample
1 part per million (ppm) ¼ 1 mg analyte/mL sample¼ 1 mg analyte/L sample; for dilute aqueous solutions only
1 part per billion (ppb) ¼ 1 ng analyte/g sample¼ 1 mg analyte/kg sample
1 part per billion (ppb) ¼ 1 ng analyte/mL sample¼ 1 mg analyte/L sample; for dilute aqueous solutions only
1 part per trillion (ppt) ¼ 1 pg analyte/g sample
Energy
1 L atm ¼ 1.013 102 J
1 erg ¼ 1027 J
1 calorie (cal) ¼ 4.184 J
1 electron volt (eV) ¼ 1.6022 10219 J
1 C 1 V ¼ 1 J
1 kg m2/s2 ¼ 1 J
Mass
1 kg ¼ 1000 g
1 g ¼ 1000 mg
1 lb ¼ 453.59 g
Length
1 km ¼ 0.6214 mile
1 m ¼ 100 cm
1 nm ¼ 1.00 1029 m
1 inch ¼ 2.54 cm
1 Å ¼ 1.00 10210 m
Volume
1000 L ¼ 1 m3
1 L ¼ 1000 cm3
1 mL ¼ 1000 mL
Temperature
T(K) ¼ T(8C)(1K /8C)þ 273.15K T(8F) ¼ (98F/58C)T(8C)þ 328F
Pressure
1 atm ¼ 101.325 kPa
1 atm ¼ 760 torr
1 atm ¼ 14.70 psi
1 bar ¼ 0.987 atm
1 bar ¼ 106 dyne/cm2