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SI Base Units

Quantity Name Symbol

Length meter mMass kilogram kg

Time second s

Electric current ampere A

Thermodynamic temperature kelvin K 

Amount of substance mole mol

Luminous intensity candela cd

Common Scientific Units and Symbols

Symbol Unit

Unit expressed in

other SI units Symbol Unit

Unit expressed in

other SI units

A ampere K kelvin

Å ångstrom L liter

atm atmosphere M mol/LC coulomb s A m meter

8C degree Celsius min minute

cal calorie N newton m kg/s2

eV electron volt Pa pascal N/m2

F farad C/V s secondG gauss T tesla kg/s2Ag gram V volt W/Ah hour W watt J/sHz hertz s21 V   ohm V/AJ joule N m

SI Prefixes for Common Multiplication Factors

Prefix Symbol Factor

tera T 1012

giga G 109

mega M 106

kilo k 103

deci d 1021

centi c 1022

milli m 1023

micro   m   1026

nano n 1029

pico p 10212

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Physical Constants

Constant Symbol Value

Avogadro’s number N 6.022 1023

atoms/molPlanck’s constant h 6.626 10234 J s

Speed of light in vacuum c 2.998 108 m/sGas constant R 0.08206 L atm/K molFaraday constant F 96485.3 C/molBoltzmann constant k 1.381 10223 J/K Electronic charge e   21.6022 10219 C

Common Conversion Factors

Concentration

1 M ¼ 1 mole/L% w/w ¼ (g analyte/g sample) 100%

% w/v ¼ (g analyte/volume of sample) 100% (Volume units, such as deciliter, L, mL must be specified)

1 part per million (ppm) ¼ 1 mg analyte/g sample¼ 1 mg analyte/kg sample

1 part per million (ppm) ¼ 1 mg analyte/mL sample¼ 1 mg analyte/L sample; for dilute aqueous solutions only

1 part per billion (ppb)   ¼ 1 ng analyte/g sample¼ 1 mg analyte/kg sample

1 part per billion (ppb)   ¼ 1 ng analyte/mL sample¼ 1 mg analyte/L sample; for dilute aqueous solutions only

1 part per trillion (ppt)   ¼ 1 pg analyte/g sample

Energy

1 L atm ¼ 1.013 102 J

1 erg ¼ 1027 J

1 calorie (cal) ¼ 4.184 J

1 electron volt (eV) ¼ 1.6022 10219 J

1 C 1 V ¼ 1 J

1 kg m2/s2 ¼ 1 J

 Mass

1 kg ¼ 1000 g

1 g ¼ 1000 mg

1 lb ¼ 453.59 g

 Length

1 km ¼ 0.6214 mile

1 m ¼ 100 cm

1 nm ¼ 1.00 1029 m

1 inch ¼ 2.54 cm

1 Å ¼ 1.00 10210 m

Volume

1000 L ¼ 1 m3

1 L ¼ 1000 cm3

1 mL ¼ 1000 mL

Temperature

T(K) ¼ T(8C)(1K /8C)þ 273.15K T(8F) ¼ (98F/58C)T(8C)þ 328F

Pressure

1 atm ¼ 101.325 kPa

1 atm ¼ 760 torr

1 atm ¼ 14.70 psi

1 bar ¼ 0.987 atm

1 bar ¼ 106 dyne/cm2