¿Se acuerdan de los refranes?
Perro que ladra, no muerdeMás vale pájaro en mano que cien volandoA caballo regalado no se le mira los dientesEn boca cerrada no entran moscasMás vale tarde que nuncaDime con quien andas y te diré quien eres.Camarón que se duerme se lo lleva la corriente.Mas vale prevenir que curar.No es oro todo lo que reluce.No hay mal que por bien no venga
Trabalenguas
• De Tin Marín de Don Pinguey…• Pablito clavó un clavito…• Si Pancha plancha …• Paco Peco
Gramática para el examen final:
• Gustar/ le cae bien• D&IOPs• Reflexives• Ir+a+infinitive/ en vez de +inf/ tener
ganas de• Más..que/menos…que/tan…como• Present perfect• Imperfect (all of them)• Preterite (all forms)
Gustar
• The weird verb!
• Me gusta/n =I like it/them• Te gusta/n =you like it/them• Le gusta/n =he/she/usted likes
it/them• Nos gusta/n =we like it/them• Les gusta/n =they/you guys like
it/them
With verb/s -like to do something___ gusta + infinitive
I like to work and study.
Do you like to read?
He likes to read novels
We like to throw trash through the windows
They like to talk about politics .
With a noun -like something___ gusta + noun
I like that good-looking guy.
Do you like the birthday cake?
She likes the Drama class.
We like the movie.
They like basketball.
With a plural noun___ gustan + plural noun
• I like hamburgers.
• Do you like tall girls.
• Does he like sandwiches?
• We like fancy cars.
• They like girls.
Negative “likings”‘no’ before the pronoun!
I do not like that song.
You don’t like the song?
Carla doesn’t like her hippo.
We do not likr homework
They do not like their mother’s food.
Yo gusto
Never ever, ever use it!
It does not exist.
NEVER use yo with gustar• It is always just• ‘me gusta..”
Or
• “A mí, me gusta…”
¿Hemos entendido?:
• Write down one thing you like and one you don’t like.
Direct object pronoun
• Me, te, lo, la, nos, los, las• Who/what receives the action of the verb.I saw you. I saw, whom?Te vi.We didn’t see them. We didn’t see, whom?Nosotros no los vimosI did my homework. I did, what?
My grandparents visited us. They visited Whom?
Spanish v. English
me /mέ/ me /mi/te youlo it, himla it, her nos uslos them (masc.)las them (fem.)
¿Entendiste? ¡Ahora tú!
¿Cómo lo dices en español? Reemplaza el DON (direct object noun) por el
DOP (direct object pronoun) REMEMBER: English is backwards! 1. He put his dog in the box.
2. The girl makes fun of the boy.
3. They mistreated the dogs.
4. Do you know my fiancé?
5. The students won a scholarship.
IOPs -Indirect Object Pronouns
• Me, te, le, nos, les
• Who the action is directed towards
• They threw him the ball
• him is the IOP because the ball was thrown to him.
Spanish v. English
• Me /mέ/ me /mi/
• Te you
• Le him/her
• Nos us
• Les them/you guys
She gave a chocolate. Ella dio un chocolate.She gave me a chocolate. Ella me dio un chocolate.
• You use me because the chocolate was given to me.
• What if the chocolate was given to us? Then…
Ellos nos dieron un chocolate.
• You use nos because the gift was given to us.
You said “hi,” to her.
In english you place the indirect object after the verb.
…y en español:
Tú le dijiste “hola” a la chica.
The direct object goes before the verb
¿Qué pronombre usarías?
We bought them a new car.
Nosotros ___ compramos un coche nuevo.
A. Me B. te C. le D. nos E. les
Ahora, D and IOPDirect Obj. prons. Indirect Obj. Prons.
me Mete tela, lo lenos noslos, las lesMoreover, when we have any combination of the following pronouns, we get= selalo + le = selas leslos
Example:The children give an apple to the teacher.Los niños le dan una manzana a la profesora.
•Now if we have to replace both, direct (green word) and indirect object (blue word), then this sentence will be like this:
Los niños se la dan por el dia del maestro.
•…and the pronouns go before the verb: indirect, direct and verb.
…because • the combination of indirect pronoun: le or les and direct pronouns: la, lo, las or los implies a change of le or les to se.
• That’s why it is NOT: Los niños le la dan*, but Los niños se la dan.
•…and the pronouns go before the verb in the following order: indirect, direct and verb.
*wrong sentence
Ahora es tu turno. ¿Cómo serían la siguientes oraciones en español?
1. Her mother bought her a gift. She bought it at Wal-Store.
2. They give a car to their parents. They gave it to them for their anniversary
3. Why don’t you assign us homework. Give it to us for the summer, please.
Reflexivos
• In Spanish there are lots of verbs just like in English.
• For example, take the verb llamar
Llamar = to call
• Yo llamo =I call
• Tú llamas =You call
• Él/ella/usted llama =He/she calls
• Nosotros llamamos =We call
• Ellos/ellas/ustedes llaman =They call
But what if I want to say I call myself?
• You need a reflexive pronoun! They make verbs directed (or reflected back) at the person doing the action
Me =myselfTe =yourselfSe =himself/herselfNos=ourselvesSe =themselves
So instead of just llamo (I call) yo can say“me llamo…” =I call myself…
or“te llamas..” =He calls himself
or“se llaman…” =They call themselves
Sooo, the reflexive verbs changes the meaning of the verb! “To call” became “to call oneself” or basically say “My name is.”
Examples of changes
poner =to putex: “Puso el coche en la cochera”ponerse=to put on oneself“Me pongo la ropa”/ se ponía más fuerte
Levantar =to liftex: “Voy a levantar el lápiz del suelo”levantarse =to lift oneself“Me levanté a las siete hoy”.
Some verbs you only use in their reflexive form because you do them
for yourselfdespertarse darse cuentabañarse caerseducharse sentirseafeitarse sentarsevestirse darse prisacepillarse desmayarseacostarse llenarse los ojos de…engordarse adelgazarse
Más reflexivos, Hurrah! • asustarse• reírse a
carcajadas• casarse• burlarse• Meterse• quedarse• enamorarse• enojarse
• enfermarse• morirse• tropezarse• ponerse• lastimarse• quejarse• acercarse• volverse loco/a
Conjugation: bañarse
PRESENT PRETERITE IMPERFECTOMe baño me bañé me bañabaTe bañas te bañaste te
bañabasSe baña se bañó se bañabaNos bañamos nos bañamos nos bañábamosSe bañan se bañaron se
bañaban
¡Ahora es tu turno!
• Write three things you did this morning as part of your daily routine using reflexive verbs.
El futuro familiarIr+a+infinitive
• This is how we say that someone is going to do something
• Ir=to go• A = to• Verb =what the person will do!
IR (present tense)
• Yo voy• Tú vas• Él/ella/usted va• Nosotros/nosotras vamos• Ellos/ellas/ustedes van
Examples
Voy a comer mi ensalada. ¿Vas a bailar un tango? Va a graduarse este año.Vamos a viajar a Francia.¿Van a besar a su perro o gato hoy?
Are going to…
What if we use it with iba?
• Iba a comer mi ensalada• ¿Ibas a bailar un tango?• Iba a graduarse este año.• Íbamos a viajar a Francia.• ¿Iban a besar a su perro o gato hoy?
• Was going to…
Ahora tú
• Write 3 things you are going to do in the summer, in Spanish, por supuesto.
¡Comparaciones!
• Más…que = more…thanEl agua es más saludable que una soda. • Menos…que = less…thanCreo que los tacos son menos sabrosos
que las enchiladas.
• Tan…como = as…asTu diálogo fue tan interesante como el
mío.
In the first example, we are comparing water and soda; therefore, those could vary. We are also saying that it is healthy, which is an adjective, so this adjective could vary also.
What are we comparing on the second and third examples?What is the quality –adjective- we are comparing?
What else we should be careful with?Yes, agreement.
If we are talking about tacos, then we say: son and also: sabrosos because they are masculine plural. ¿Verdad?
So. what if I compare your blouse and my blouse and say that your blouse is less pretty than mine? What would you say? En español, por supuesto.
Now, compare “el cine” y “la television”
Ahora, un ratón y una cucaracha
Of course, agreement also applies to: mas…que,
Menos…que, and tan …como.
…plus to: Yo, tú, Ud, él, ella, nosotros, ustedes, etc…
anything or anyone we would like to compare.
So, how would these sentences be?
• “You are as tall as…”• “I am shorter than…”• “We are as cool as…”• They are less nice than…”
Be careful with subject/verb/adjectiveagreement!•Nosotros somos más chidos que esos vagabundos allá.•Subject: masc/pl; verb: plural and adjective: masc/pl
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Spanish would be boring if it did not have “irregularities”, verdad?
So, there are a few with comparissons.
Examples:We do not say: bueno más buenomalo más malo
but we say:bueno mejormalo peor We also say: older=mayor; younger=menor
Present Perfect
The tense we use when we want to say that someone has done something!
• He I have…• Has You have …• Ha He/she has…• Hemos We have…• Han They/you guys have…
What about the “something”?
• Remember the secret formula?
• Take a verb (bailar)• Take off last two letters (bail)
• Add -ado or -ido
• How do you know which to add?
Remember
• -ado is for -ar verbs (bailar/llamar)– Bailado (danced)– Llamado (called)
• -ido is for -er/-ir verbs (comer/salir)– Comido (eaten)– Salido (left)
¡Ojo!
• Watch out for irregulars!
• Hecho =done (hacer)• Puesto =put (poner)• Leído =read (leer)• Escrito =written (escribir)• Cubierto=covered (cubrir)• Visto =seen (ver)• Dicho =said (decir)• Muerto =died (morir)• Roto = broken(romper)
Write 3 things you have achieved so far in your young life.
Examples:He escalado el Everest.He visto la luna desde mi ventana.He escrito muchos text messages in Spanishclass.
Preterite• Just like in English, when different
people do an action, the verb changes slightly depending on who is doing the action.
• I run• He runs
Tenses
• As the verbs change slightly depending on who does the action. They also change a little when they are put in a different tense.
• I run
• I ran
Spanish!
• In English there is no set pattern for the past tense, but luckily in Spanish there is!
-AR Verbs: Pretérito
Example: COMPRAR
Take off the -ar and add:
Yo -é
Tú -aste
Él/Ella/Usted -ó
Nosotros -amos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes -aron
• Compré• Compraste• Compró• Compramos• Compraron
-ER/-IR Verbs: Pretérito
Examples:Take off the -er/-ir and
add:Yo -íTú -
isteÉl/Ella/Usted -ióNosotros -
imosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes -ieron
Comí SalíComiste SalisteComió SalióComimos SalimosComieron Salieron
Comer salir(to eat) (to leave/to go out)
decir/hacer/ir/ver =irregular in preterite
Yo dijeTú dijisteÉl & Co. dijoNosotros
dijimosEllos & Co. dijeron
Yo vi
Tú viste
Él & Co. vio
Nosotrosvimos
Ellos & Co. vieron
Yo hiceTú hicisteÉl & Co. hizoNosotros hicimosEllos & Co. Hicieron
Yo fuiTú fuisteÉl & Co. fueNosotros
fuimosEllos & Co. fueron
Más verbos irregulares en el pretéritoPoner/poder/estar/tener
Yo puse pude estuveTú pusiste pudiste estuvisteUd./él/ella puso pudo estuvoNosotros/as pusimos pudieron estuvieronUstedes/ellos/as pusieron pudieron esuvieron
But, as we very well know..
• In Spanish there are TWO past tenses!
• One for things that happen in a specific time frame. (preterite)
• The other is used for descriptions, emotions, and things that are more vague and seen as not completed in the past
• It is called the…
Imperfect!
• Remember the -aba and -ía endings!
-aba (-ar verbs)
Yo -aba
Tú -abas
Él/ella/usted -aba
Nosotros/nosotras -ábamos
Ellos/ellas/ustedes -aban
Yo hablaba
Tú hablabas
Él hablaba
Nosotros hablábamos
Ellos hablaban
Example: hablar
-ía endings (-er/-ir verbs)
Yo -íaTú -íasÉl/ella/usted -íaNosotros/nosotras -íamosEllos/ellas/ustedes -ían
Yo salíaTú salíasÉl & Co. salíaNosotros
salíamosEllos & Co. salían
Example: salir
Irregulars: ser/ir/ver
Yo era iba veíaTú eras ibas veíasUd./él/ella/ era iba veíaNosotros éramos íbamos
veíamosUstedes/ellos/ellas eran iban veían