r)aykarN_erobcMeLIgedayGgÁkar Global Witness Ex mifuna qñaM 2007
ExSRsLay GñklYcCatikarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkarBuHeRcokRTBüsm,tþ isaFarN³edayGñkdwknaMrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
matika
GkSrkat; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4Gnusasn_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5segçb >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 8
tarag 1 ³ bBaðaEdlGaCJaFryutþiFm’rbs;RbeTskm<úCa RtUvEtesuIbGegátnaeBlenH >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 12
CMBUk I – éRBeQI nigsßanPaBmanEteQµaHrbs;RbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14
1> kareRcokRTBüsm,tþirbs;RbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14
2> vis½yéRBeQIrbs;RbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17
RbGb;TI 1 ³ karpþl;[sPaCati >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>20
RbGb;TI 2 ³ karvas;EvgKRmbéRBeQI nigkarbMpøicbMpøajéRBeQIkñúgRbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 22
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>23
CMBUk II – karrkSa[kñúgRKYsar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25
1> karENnaMeTAkan;Rkumkab;eQIelxmYyrbs;RbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25
1>2 esg Kag >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 27
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 27
Kingwood – karbegáIt nigkarlubecalsm,TanikeQI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28
2>1 karkab;eQIxusc,ab; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29
2>2 bMNulEdlmanbBaða >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29
RbGb;TI 3 ³ KI tic >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 30
2>3 karRKb;RKgEdlmanGriPaBxøaMg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>31
2>4 bNþwgRbECg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 35
Kingwood – RTBüsm,tþirbs;RbCaCnkm<úCa ? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 36
– >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>37
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>37
RbGb;TI 5 ³ karykC½r >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>39
RbGb;TI 6 ³ éRBLg;enApøÚvbMEbk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 40
3>2 {GtßßRbeyaCn_énkarpøas;bþÚr} >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>42
3>3 karlageQIkxVk; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 43
3>4 karRbmUlGus >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 44
3>5 GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßmeTot >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 45
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 46
4> karviPaKRbtibtþikarkab;eQIxusc,ab; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>47
4>1 smtßPaBEkécñ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 48
4>2 karKaMRTeragcRk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 49
Colexim – >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 50
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>51
4>4 kardwkCBa¢Ún >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>52
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 53
RbGb;TI 8 ³ karnaMecjeQIEdlminGacemIleXIjrbs;RbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 54
matika
2
4>6 Tinñpl nigcMNUlhirBaØvtßú >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 56
karbMpøicbMpøajéRBeQI nigrcnasm<½n§cat;taMgkñúgGMeBIBukrlYy>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 58
5> dIeRsabEr:CnbT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>60
5>1 karlYckab;edImec,aH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>60
5>2 karedaHRsayCamYykarExVgeyabl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>60
RbGb;TI 9 ³ erOgra:vkar)aj;Rbharéf¶TI 10 Ex kkáda qñaM 2005>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>62
RbGb;TI 10 ³ kñúgkarRsavRCavrkelak 95>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 64
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>66
RbGb;TI 11 ³ BinÞúFMbnÞab;rbs;Rkumkab;eQI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>67
RbvtþixøIBIkarRKb;RKgéRBeQIkñúgRbeTskm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 69
CMBUk III – GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 71
1> rdæ)aléRBeQI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 71
RbGb;TI 12 ³ kardak;edjéføkargarrdæ)aléRBeQIrbs;elak can; sarun nigelak TI suKn§>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 72
2> kgraCGavuFhtß >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>75
3> RbtibtþikarswkrgextþkMBg;FMrbs;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>76
4> eyaFPUmiPaK II rbs;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>76
5> Pñak;garsm¶at;eyaFa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>76
RbGb;TI 13 ³ ErkbnÞúkBukrlYy >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 77
6> b:UlIs >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>78
7> rdæaPi)alfñak;mUldæan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>79
CMBUk IV – TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>80
1> kgBltUcelx 70 nigkgGgÁrkS - T½BpÞal;xøÜnsRmab;naykrdæm®nþI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>80
RbGb;TI 14 ³ ]tþmesnIy_ Kn; KIm nig]tþmesnIy_Ék huIg b‘unehog >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>81
RbGb;TI 15 ³ RsLayGavuF - karkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞEdlesµaHRtg;CamYy h‘un Esn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>82
2> hak; em:A>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 83
3> karCYjdUreQI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 84
RbGb;TI 16 ³ kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ TTYlCMnYyBIrdæaPi)alshrdæGaemrik>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 85
3>1 karnaMecj>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>87
3>2 GtifiCn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>87
4> kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijrt;Bn§edaykgBltUcelx 70 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 95
RbGb;TI 17 ³ Rkumh‘un Attwood Import Export Co., Ltd. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 96
4>1 karrt;Bn§tamkMBg;EpERsGMbil >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 96
4>2 karrt;Bn§tamkMBg;Ep]kj:a m:ug >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>97
RbGb;TI 18 ³ m:ug bJT§I >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 98
RbGb;TI 19 ³ kardwkCBa¢ÚnEbgEckBiess >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 100
kgBlelx 70 sNæaKar Intercontinental nigRkumh‘un Attwood Import Export>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>101
5> plitplseRmc – cMNUl nigcMNayrbs; hak; em:A>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>102
RbGb;TI 20 ³ Rkumh‘un Long Meng Group >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>103
snñidæan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 104
]bsm<½n§ 1 ³ esdæI-RBwT§smaCikrbs;RbeTskm<úCa¼Éksareyag Cronyometer >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 105
Éksareyag >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 108
matika
3ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
4
GkSrkat;CDCCG RkumBieRKaHeyabl;CPPDFW
()
ELCESIAFAFAO FLEGhaIFMIFSRkm KILÚEm:Rt
m3 Em:RtKIbMAFFMPMRII eyaFPUmiPaK IIMRIII eyaFPUmiPaK IIIMRIV eyaFPUmiPaK IVNGORCAF kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞRGCSEZSFMP EpnkarRKb;RKgéRBeQIRbkbedayecrPaBUNUNOHCHR
WGNRM
Gnusasn_
GaCJaFryutþiFm’rbs;RbeTskm<úCaKYrEt ³
1> erobcMTMnYlxusRtUv[GñkTaMgLay EdlTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigbTelµIsBak;B½n§
esuIbGegát nigkat;eTasral;GñkTaMgGs;EdlTTYl
xusRtUvcMeBaHkrNIkab;eQIxusc,ab;GMeBIBukrlYy
kMNt;GaTiPaBkaresuIbGegátEpñkxageRkamenH ³
can; sarun1
ensaT/ TI suKn§2 (FA)/3
4 kgBltUc
elx 70/ DI cUc5 GñkdwknaMRkumkab;eQI/ esg Kag6/7 8
raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa (RGC) RtUvEt ³
1> erobcMTMnYlxusRtUv[GñkTaMgLayEdlTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;nigbTelµIsBak;B½n§
KaMRTdl;kic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;GaCJaFryutþiFm’ edIm,I
esuIbGegát nigkat;eTasGñkTaMgLayNa EdlTTYl
2> karBaréRBeQIenAéRBLg;
dkéRBLg;EdlCaéRBeQIébtgTMnabFMCageKbMput
3> EkTRmg;karRKb;RKgéRBeQI
(IFM)
sMGag bnÞab;BIkarBieRKaHeyabl;CasaFarN³mYy
bBaÄb;ral;RbB½n§pþl;sm,Tankab;eQI RsbCamYy
(IFSR)9
(kab;eQI)
(ELCs) nigsm,TanEr:
rbs; IFSRi
(FSC)
nigRbkas ( ) Edlman
dak;kMNt;karbBaÄb;sagsg;pø Úvtamry³tMbn;éRB
RsbCamYyGnusasn_rbs; IFSR
i
Edl
Gnusasn_
5
Gnum½t nigGnuvtþBRgagc,ab;enH edayminmankar
6> FanaBIkarRKb;RKgmantmøaPaBénR)ak;cMNUleRbg nig]sµ½n
kñúgTisedAENnaMrbs;mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati sþIBI10
cRmaj;11
7> EkTRmg;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ (RCAF)
dkecjnUvkgeyaFaTaMgGs; EdlmanTItaMgenAkñúg
nigbnþerobcMrcnasm<½n§kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞeLIg
m©as;CMnYyGnþrCatirbs;RbeTskm<úCaRtUvEt ³
1> eRbIR)as;\T§iBlrbs;BYkeK[)anskmµedIm,IFanafa CMnYypþl;GtßRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCnExµrsamBaØ
4> cat;viFankarN_bnÞan; edIm,IbegáIntmøaPaBkñúgkarRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþisaFarN³
bnÞab; Bak;B½n§karRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþisaFarN³dUcCa
Gnuvtþtam (karbMeBjkarvaytémøplb:HBal;brisßan
[ESIAs] )
5> BRgwgRkbxNÐc,ab;RKb;RKgkarRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþisaFarN³
dUcxageRkamenH ³
RbePTB½t ’mansþ IB IkarRKb ;RKgRTBüsm,t þ i
EdleFV IeLIgRsbtamkarGnuvtþRbesIrbMputCa
EdlRKb;RKgsm,TanRTBüsm,tþisaFarN³ bgðaj
Gnusasn_
6
2> dkkarpþl;CMnYyBIsßab½nrdæEdlBak;B½n§skmµPaBelµIsF¶n;F¶r
3> KaMRTkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;sgÁmsuIvilkm<úCaedIm,IbegáInTMnYlxusRtUvrdæaPi)al
4> CYykarBaréRBeQIrbs;RbeTskm<úCaEdlCaEpñkmYyénkic©xitxMRbwgERbgGnþrCatiedIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgkarpøas;bþÚrbriyakas
Rsab;12
RsbCamYyRbeTskm<úCapþl;mUlniFi nigCMnajdl;
éRBeQIéRBLg;rbs;RbeTskm<úCa
Gnusasn_
7
segçb ii
eLIgeday Global Witness
1> GñkdwknaMEbblYcbøn; kMBugeRcokéRBeQIrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
éRBeQIpþl;[nUvrUbPaBrs;revIk CaBiessBIdMeNIrkarBuH
GegátRsavRCavKRmbéRBeQICasklelIkcugeRkayeday
(FAO)
cMnYn 29%
(FA)
rbs;RbeTskm<úCa cUlrYmBak;B½n§y:agxøaMgTaMgGs;Kñakñúg
kñúgkrNICaeRcIn karkab;eQIxusc,ab;kMBugekIteLIg eday
kMBugeFVIcMeBaHéRBLg; EdlCaéRBébtgTMnabFMbMputkñúg
2> Rkumkab;eQId¾manGMNacbMputrbs;RbeTskm<úCaRtUv)andwknaMedaysac;jatirbs;naykrdæm®nþIh‘un Esn 13 nigm®nþICan;x<s;epSgeTot
Rkumkab;eQIEdlmanGMNacbMputkñúgRbeTskm<úCa dwknaM
Seng Keang Company
(MAFF)
(FA)
Seng Keang Company
kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ (RCAF)
ii
h‘un Esn sVaKmn_m®nþICan;x<s;
8
esg Kag Priyamunrbs; DI cUc can; sarun b¥Únéførbs; Xun fug rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT
TI suKn§ kUnRbsarrbs; Xun fug GKÁnaykrdæ)aléRBeQI
]tþmesnIy_ esA suxa emkgraCGavuFhtßrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
]tþmesnIy_RtI huIg b‘unehog embBa¢akarkgGgÁrkS h‘un Esn
DI cUc b¥ÚnCIdUnmYyrbs; h‘un Esn k¾RtUv)ansÁal;pgEdrfaCa h‘un cUc
b‘un ra:nI Priyarbs; h‘un Esn
esg kukh‘ag b¥ÚnRbusrbs; esg Kag k¾RtUv)ansÁal;pgEdrfaCa Mr. 95
naykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn
9
10
3> skmµPaBEdlsmaCikRkumkab;eQIenHkMBugCab;Tak;Tg rYmmandUcxageRkam ³
karcab;BRgt; nigXMuXaMg EdlGacemIleXIjCak;Esþg14
Kingwood Industry
Seng Keang
Company
karnaMecjeTAkan;RbeTscinnUvkþarbnÞHmantémørab;
karbegáItkñúgTMrIgnUveragcRkmYysRmab;GareQI nigeFVI
eragcRkenH kMBugEkécñeQICag 100,000 Em:RtKIb (m3)
US$13
EdlmanRsab; nigGacdak;eTasedaykarkat;eTasCab;
4> m®nþICan;x<s;cUlédKñakñúgskmµPaBTaMgenH
Seng Keang Company
Seng Keang Company edIm,IRbmUl nigEkécñral;kMNat;
Seng Keang Company
5> Psþútagbgðajfam®nþICan;x<s;mYycMnYnkñúgcMeNamenH TTYlxusRtUvedaypÞal;cMeBaHGMeBIBukrlYykñúgsßab½nEdlBYkeKdwknaM
éRBeQI (FA)
sMNUkdl; can; sarun Cag US$2.5
6> T½BpÞal;xøÜnrbs; h‘un Esn RtUv)anpþl;R)ak; tamry³karkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkarrt;Bn§
Seng Keang Company
11
15
Turys
Pheapimex EdlRKb;RKgeday yayPU EdlCamitþCitsñiT§i
CBa¢ÚneQIkab;xusc,ab;cMnYn 1260m3
RbmaN US$1.2
c,ab;dUcKñaenH tamry³kMBg;EpsmuTÞPaKxagt,Úgrbs;
m:ug
EdlCarbs;elak m:ug bJT§I 16
(CPP) rbs;
Rbtibtþ ikardwkeQIxusc,ab; nigkarrt;Bn§Edlmankar
Bak;B½n§rbs;kgBltUcelx 70 mantémørvag US$2 lan
nig US$2.
exmrPUminÞk¾eday k¾m©as;CMnYyGnþrCati dUcCa cin nig
Gaemrik \LÚvenHkMBugEtpþl;CMnYyeyaFaedaypÞal;mk[
7> m©as;CMnYyGnþrCatirbs;RbeTskm<úCa minkMBugeRbIR)as;\T§iBlrbs;BYkeKmanRbsiT§iPaBenaHeT
US$600 lan
kMBugekgRbv½Ba©y:ageCaKC½ynUvCMnYyGnþrCati EdlCa
tarag 1 ³ bBaðaEdlGaCJaFryutþiFm’rbs;RbeTskm<úCa RtUvEtesuIbGegátnaeBlenH iii
buKÁl skmµPaB c,ab;Bak;B½n§ nigkardak;eTassRmab;karrMelaPbMBan
DI cUcesg Kag
karXMuXaMgEdlGacemIleXIjy:agc,as;elI
Kingwood Industry
c,ab;sþIBIbTelµIsvaydMrUbkay
maRta 6 ³ lYcbøn;
c,ab;sþIBIbTelµIsvaydMrUbkay
maRta 3 ³ smøab;
DI cUcesg Kag
c,ab;éRBeQI
ykC½r
(US$2,500-US$25,000)
c,ab;PUmi)al maRta 259 ³ karrMelaPbMBanelIRTBüsm,tþisaFarN³
(US$1,250-US$12,500)
c,ab;sþIBIbTelµIsvaydMrUbkay
maRta 6 ³ lYcbøn;
RkmRBhµTNÐG‘untak; maRta 52 ³ karbMpøicbMpøajRTBüsm,tþixusc,ab;
dwkCBa¢ÚneQIEdlmantémørab;landuløar c,ab;éRBeQI
tamry³karRbmUlplxusc,ab;eTas ³ Bin½yBI 2-3 dgéntémøplitpléRBeQI
edIm,IsRmbsRmYlkardwkCBa¢ÚneQIc,ab;Bn§dar maRta 127 nigmaRta 135 ³ karlYcBn§
10-20 lanerol (US$2,500-US$5,000)
c,ab;éRBeQI maRta 96 ³ kardwkCBa¢ÚnplitpléRBeQI pÞúyeTAnwg
eTas ³ Bin½yBI 2-3 dgéntémøplitpléRBeQI
EkécñeQITaMgenH c,ab;éRBeQI
tamry³karRbmUlplxusc,ab;eTas ³ Bin½yBI 2-3 dgéntémøplitpléRBeQI
dwkCBa¢ÚnplitplseRmc c,ab;éRBeQI
tamry³karRbmUlplxusc,ab;eTas ³ Bin½yBI 2-3 dgéntémøplitpléRBeQI
tarag 1
12
lk;TMnijTaMgenH c,ab;éRBeQI
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can; sarun c,ab;éRBeQI
(US$2,500-US$25,000)
RkmRBhµTNÐG‘untak; maRta 69 ³ karrYmKMnit
Seng Keang Company
kñúgéRBLg;
c,ab;éRBeQI maRta 30 ³ bRmamBIkarsagsg;eragcRkGareQIkñúgrvag 5 KILÚEm:Rt (km)
(US$2,500-US$25,000)
can; sarunTI suKn§
RkmRBhµTNÐG‘untak;
DI epnRkmRBhµTNÐG‘untak;
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maRta 128 nigmaRta 136 ³ karraraMgdl;karGnuvtþBn§dar
5-10 lanerol (US$1,250-US$2,500)
RbmUl sþúk nigEbgEckTMnijTaMgenH RkmRBhµTNÐG‘untak;
iii
tarag 1
13
CMBUk I :
14
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iv
17
1> kareRcokRTBüsm,tþirbs;RbeTskm<úCa
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CMBUk I :
15
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CMBUk I :
16
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karRKb;RKgesdækic©xusc,ab;rbs;T½B
kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ (RCAF)
, (ha)22
23
24
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CMBUk I :
17
2> vis½yéRBeQIrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
vis½yéRBeQIrbs;RbeTskm<úCa pþl;nUvkarBnül;bgðaj
%én
épÞdIrbs;RbeTskm<úCakñúgGMLúgeBlEdlbMeBjplRbeyaCn_
y:agxøaMgdl;sm,TanikeTAelIsm,Tanrbs;RbeTskm<úCa25
kMENTRmg;
CadMbUg Global Witness
yl;RBmEtgtaMg Global Witness
(FLEG)
26
EpnkarRKb;RKgéRBeQIRbkbedayecrPaB (SFMPs) nig
(ESIAs)
cab;BI Ex
(IFSR) nigerobcM
RbB½n§sm,Tankab;eQI nigRbKl;TMnYlxusRtUvRKb;RKgéRBeQI
(FA)
cMeBaHsMeNIrbs; IFSR
rdæEdlmanEteQµaHvayRbharRtLb;vij
lixitGnuBaØat
CMBUk I :
18
bþÚredaykarécñRbDiteTAelI
RbmUlsMKal;eQI EmkeQI
kab;eQIsRmab;TUkRbNaMg
bnÞayeQIsRmab;kgvr³esna27
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(ELCs)
Ca
,
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karkab;eQIrbs;eyaFa
karkab;eQInUvPaBrlUnénkariyal½yFibetyü kgeyaFBl
lixitGnuBaØatEdlGnuBaØat[kgvresnaFMq½Rteyagkab;eQI
LandwkeQIFM² rbs;Rkumh‘unkab;eQI Ex mIna qñaM 2006
CMBUk I :
19
Global Witness
Global Witness cMeBaHkareFVI[B½t’man
enaHeT28
IV
cUlrYmy:agxøaMgkñúgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;éntMbn;karBar nigéRB
karerobcMkaredjéføRbcaMqñaM
RtwmEt 12
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mun dl;kareFVIxusc,ab; rukrandI nigRbtibtþikarkab;eQIxusc,ab;
CMBUk I :
20
RbGb;TI 1 ³ karpþl;[sPaCati
29
30
bgðaj31
edayc,ab;29
Hero Taiwan29
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karRbmUlpleQIcMnYn 10,577m3 edIm,IbegáIteQIGarcMnYn
6509m3
cMnYn 16,747m3 32
Global Witness
eQI 16,747m3 eTACabnÞHeQIkRmas; 25mm enAGRta
Heng
Brothers33
cMeNHdwgRbesIrbMputrbs;
Global Witness karpþl;[
RbePTNamYyenaHeT 34
Heng Brothers
BImunmankarBak;B½n§karkab;
Asia Pulp
and Paper35
Heng Brothers
Ly Chhuong Construction Company36
Heng Brothers
38Global
Witness
sPaCatitamtRmUvkarenaHeT EtCMnYs[edaykarkMBugdwkCBa¢Ún39
32
Et 257m3
sagsg;sPaCati40Global-
Witness
eCom yab RbFanKN³kmµkarsagsg;sPaCatifµI
sPaCatifµIrbs;RbeTskm<úCa kMBugsagsg; Ex FñÚ qñaM 2006
CMBUk I :
21
karb®gáabsemøgriHKn;
RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr GaCJaFr
BIkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigGMeBIBukrlYy
RkumBieRKaHeyabl; (CG) m©as;CMnYy
km<úCarbs; Global Witness
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TTYlykkarkat;
rbs; Global Witness cMnYn 2,000
Global Witness
nwg Global Witness kMBugesuIbGegát
karkab;eQIxusc,ab;edaysac;jatirbs;
sn þ is ux Global Witness
42
Global Witness
b:UlIskubkmµrwbGUsExøgenAkñúg)atukmµGhigSa GMBavnav[manesrIPaBbeBa©jmtikan;EtTUlMTUlay Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 .ExøgRtUv)anykeTA edIm,IecosvagkarrMxandl;kareFVIdMeNIrtamGakas
CMBUk I :
22
KµancMngeCIgCaExµreT
RbGb;TI 2 ³ karvas;EvgKRmbéRBeQI nigkarbMpøicbMpøajéRBeQIkñúgRbeTskm<úCa
edayeCaKC½yBIKRmbéRBeQIrbs;RbeTskm<úCa eTaHCaFøab;
TaMgenH pþl;RtwmEtkaryl;dwgmankMNt;eTAkñúgKuNPaB43
elIkcugeRkay
Global Witness
éRBeQIeBj EdlkarGegátBImun (1997)
44
lT§plrbs;karGegátRsavRCavCaPsþútagénkarkan;kab;
{CasmiT§ipld¾cm,gmYy EdlKRmbéRBeQIrbs;RbeTs
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.14% (11,104,285 )
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eTaHy:agNak¾eday karvaytémøBIKRmbéRBeQIskl
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karbMpøicbMpøajéRBeQIkñúgRbeTskm<úCa kMBugbnþenAkñúgGRta
CMBUk I :
23
3> m©as;CMnYyGnþrCatirbs;km<úCa - pþl;CMnYydl;RbCaCnkm<úCa
Milan Kothari GñkTMnak;TMngBiesssiT§ipÞHsEm,grbs;
\LÚvenH
mannUvPaBrMeCIbrMCYlxøaMgmYyenATUTaMgRbeTsedayGñkman nig
47
GnþrCatisrubmanRbmaN $600
GanuPaBEdlcMnYnenH pþl;[BYkeKk¾eday kMNt;Rtatamdan
sm<½n§cMnYn US$15lan eTAelIkarGnuvtþkMENTRmg;karRKb;RKg
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Global Witness bnþeFIVkarCa
48
49
Cajwkjab; m©as;CMnYyEktRmUvkarbraC½yrbs;BYkeK[eFVI
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kEnøgGareQIrbs;eyaFaenARsuksÞwgRtg; extþkMBg;cam
CMBUk I
24
[manbBaða nigdak;[RbeTskm<úCaRtLb;eTAkan;rebobvar³
rMxanedaykarsÞak;esÞIrrbs;m©as;CMnYy kñúgkarxitxMRbwgERbg
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RbeyaCn_} 50
h‘un Esn CYbKN³RbtiPUcin .m©as;CMnYyCaeRcInelIkeLIgfa RbeTscinkMBugbegáInedaykarbiTEPñkcMeBaHkariyal½yEbblYcbøn;edayrdæaPi)alrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
1> karENnaMeTAkan;Rkumkab;eQIelxmYyrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
CMBUkenH BinitüemIlBIGaCIBrbs;RkumGPiCneQI Edl
TaMgGs;KñaenH begáItCaRkumkab;eQId¾manGMNacbMputrbs;
karRKb;RKgéRBeQI nigbnþlYcbøn;RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³d¾man
Seng Keang
Import Export Company Ltd.
1>1 DI cUc k¾RtUv)ansÁal;faCa h‘un cUc pgEdr
51
52
CMBUk II :
25
53
54
55
DI cUc nigPriyamunrbs;Kat;
kab;eQIsRmab;sm,TanikéRBeQI
Kingwood Industry
Cambodia Cherndar Plywood
Mieng Ly Heng
Global Witness56
Cambodia Cherndar Plywood57
Cambodia Cherndar Plywood
Mieng
Ly Heng58
Mieng Ly Heng
Global Witness
rfynþ Hummers rbs; h‘un tU édKU DI cUc
sat esOn édKU DI cUc
DI cUc smaCikRkumkab;eQIenAÉCMrMukab;eQI )ak;sña rbs;Rkumh‘unMieng Ly Heng qñaM 2001
CMBUk II :
26
Global Witness
59
US$100,000 dl;60
61
1>2 esg Kag
Cambodian Cherndar Plywood Mieng Ly Heng
Kingwood Industry62
Everbright CIG Wood Edl63
Mieng Ly Heng eTotpg64
65
66 Priyabg61
Global Witness
61
67
68
esg Kag ¬eqVg¦ smaCikRkumkab;eQI nig b‘un ra:nI Priyarbs;naykrdæm®nþI
lag vYceqg Priyarbs;bgRbusnaykrdæm®nþI/ mñak;kñúgcMeNamédKUGaCIvkmµEdlmanTMnak;TMngGaCIvkmµy:agl¥rbs; esg Kag
CMBUk II :
27
1>3 Xun fug
69
sñak;enArbs;TI suKn§70
Kingwood Industry
nig Everbright CIG Wood71
Global-
Witness
Everbright
72
Kingwood nig
Everbright
73
74
Xun fugcUlcitþmanrUbPaBminc,as;las;
TI suKn§ kUnRbsarrbs; Xun fug GKÁnaykrdæ)aléRBeQI
can; sarun b¥Únéførbs; Xun fug rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT
sm<½n§PaB nigcMNgTak;Tgrbs;Rkumh‘unkab;éRBeQIkm<úCa
CMBUk II :
28
Kingwood77
(MAFF)
Kingwood
RBmeRBogCamYynayk
RKb;RKgCnCatiétva:n;
Kingwood
Lia Chun Hua
edIm, Ip þl;karRKb;RKg
nwgCYldI[ Kingwood
70 Kingwood nwgpþl;[Kat;nUv
US$430,
Kingwood78 ³
( King-
wood)
(sux Ekv)
bBa©aMcMnYn US$430,984 enH nwgRtUvbgVilsg
CUndl; ( Kingwood) 78
Kingwood
begáItnUvCemøaH EdlGacmanrvagTMnYlxusRtUv
rbs; elak can; sarun kñúgzan³CaGñkecjc,ab;
edayminlMeGogmñak;énvis½yéRBeQI nigpl-
2> Kingwood - karbegáIt nigkarlubecalsm,TanikeQI
75
bMputrbs;RbeTseTAkñ úgédrbs;RbePTGñkeFV I
Kingwood Industry EdlCa
,200
76
Kingwood
Kingwood
sux Ekv ¬eqVg¦ nig can; sarun sVamIrbs;Kat; CYbRBHmhakSRt neratþm sIhmunI ¬sþaM¦ enATivakak)aTRkhmkm<úCa Ex ]sPa qñaM 2005
htßelxasñamemédrbs; sux Ekv eTAelIkarCYledayminbg;éføQñÜleTA[Rkumh‘un Kingwood
CMBUk II :
29
Global Witness
Kingwood
Kingwood
US$10
brievNeragcRk nigeRKOgm:asuInEdlmankñúgbrievNenaH79
Global Witness
Kingwood
2>1 karkab;eQIxusc,ab;
Kingwood
cMnYn 96,000m3
84,000m3 80
164,000m3
dgeQI 35,000m3
Kingwood
[kab;kñ úgsm,TanéRBeQIkñ úgRTg;RTayFM
EtedayesþIg²80
karelIkTwkcitþy:agxøaMg TaMgkarkab;eQIxus
Kingwood
Macro-Panin
,000m3 81
edImeQIkñúgtMbn;100Km2
Kingwood
82
Kingwood
82
RtYtBinitükarGnuvtþRbtibtþikarrbs;sm,TanikeQIrbs;FnaKar
US$76.
cMnYn US$300,83
Kingwood84
Kingwood rYmman smtßPaBrbs;
Cambodia Cherndar Plywood
2>2 bMNulEdlmanbBaða
Kingwood
Global Witness
Kingwood
edIm,IesñI[BYkeKpþl;eyabl;elIkarGHGag
Kingwood US$9.4lan
BIFnaKar Maybank86 rbs;RbeTsm:aeLsuI 80
Kingwood
Kingwood BIkarepÞrkarRtYtBinitü
lixitGnuBaØatRbmUleQIcas;²EdleRbIR)as; nigbMBanedayRkumh‘un Kingwood
CMBUk II :
30
eragcRkkþarbnÞHrbs;Rkumh‘un Kingwood cm¶ay 21 KILÚEm:Rt PaKxageCIgRkugPñMeBj
RbGb; 3 ³ KI tic
88
Everbright
Global Witness
Global Witness
Everbright Global Witness
Kingwood
Everbright
Kingwood nig
89
km<úCa EdlcUlrYmkñúgkarbNþúHbNþalEdlerobcMeLIgeday
90Global Witness
91
87
85Kingwood edaybBa©aMTItaMgeragcRk nigeRKOgm:asuIn79
sux Ekv nigGñktMNagrbs;FnaKar
edayRbFansmaKmemFavIkm<úCa
elak KI tic eTotpg79
Kingwood
RbmaN US$3lan85
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CMBUk II :
31
92
2>3 karRKb;RKgEdlmanGriPaBxøaMg
Kingwood
Kingwood
CUndMNwgdl; Global Witness
Kingwood elak Lia Chun Hua
Lia
Global Witness
eCaKvasnarbs; Lia nigkarkan;kab;naeBlbc©úb,nñelI
Kingwood
xageRkamenH ³
i) ÉksarBak;B½n§karRbKl;[rbs; Lia Chun Hua
cMeBaHkarRKb;RKgRkumh‘un Kingwood
Kingwood
Kingwood elak Lia Chun
Hua
84
Kingwood
Cag US$1.9 lan Edl Lia Chun Hua
US$100,000 kñúgry³eBlCag 20 Lia Chun Hua
Kingwood
karRKb;RKgrbs;Kat;elI
eRKOgm:asuInTaMgenH nwg
EdlmankarbMBanelIk ic ©84
eRBogrbs; Lia Chun Hua
Kingwood kñúgkarbnþsg
ry³ekIteLIg bnÞab;BIkarxkxanrbs;sm,TanikkñúgkarbMeBj
tamkalputkMNt;dak;CUnnUvEpnkarRKb;RKgéRBeQIRbkbeday
ecrPaB (SFMPs)
(ESIAs)
edaykarbBaÄb;mYyry³nUvkardwkCBa¢ÚneQImUl EdlcUlCaFrman
GAT International Pheapimex CadMbUg
eTaHy:agNak¾eday bnÞab;BIkarbgðajrbs; Global Witness
GAT
kic©snüarvag esg Kag nig Lia Chun Hua
Bak;B½n§karpÁt;pÁg;eQI nigbMNulrbs; Kingwood
Ex tula qñaM 2001
kic©snüaEdl Lia Chun Hua TTYlsÁal;bMNulCit US$ 3.5 lan cMeBaH esg Kagnig Xun fug éf¶TI 12 Ex sIha qñaM 2002
CMBUk II :
32
Lia Chun Hua Kingwood
US$1,871,871.56
cMeBaH esg Kag nig US$1,605,
Lia Chun Hua Lia
.8%93
Lia Chun
Hua
Kingwood
Lia
Kingwood
%
Lia CYyerobcMeragcRk
94
kic©snüaEdl Lia Chun Hua RbKl;karRKb;RKgRkumh‘un Kingwood
éf¶TI 19 Ex sIha qñaM 2002 kic©RBmeRBogTIBIrBak;B½n§karRbKl;RTBüsm,tþirbs; Kingwood
éf¶TI 20 Ex sIha qñaM 2002
kic©snüacuHhtßelxaeday esg Kag/ Xun fug nig Lia Chun Hua
éf¶TI 20 Ex sIha qñaM 2002
Lia Chun Hua
mux
Kingwood
eyom esg 95
Lia Chun Hua nigBaNiC¢krCnCatim:aeLsuI nig Lim Yok Fong
Kingwood76
CMBUk II :
33
Kingwood [eTA esg Kag nig
Lia Chun Hua
km<úCa (CDC)
96
d¾RbesIrbMputrbs; Global Witness
Kingwood CDC
CDC eRkaymk
Kingwood
85
Lia Chun Hua
kariyal½yrbs;Rkumh‘un Kingwood ³ RbPBCaeRcIn)anR)ab; Global Witness fa Lia Chun Hua kMBugRtUv)ancab;CacMNab;xµaMgkñúgGKarxagkñúgbrievNeragcRk Kingwood
Lia Chun
Hua Kingwood
TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHBRgagEdlRtYtsuIKñaTaMgbYn nigkñúgkrNIxøH
ii)
Global Witness
Kingwood
karedIrtamkarBar {bursCnCaticin} enAeBleFVIdMeNIrmþg²eTA
enaHeT97
Global Witness
kMBugXMu Lia
Lia minGaceKc
CMBUk II :
34
98
Global Witness
Kingwood
Lia Chun Hua cab;taMgBIkarcab;CMritKat;
GñkyameFVIdMeNIrtam Lia Chun Hua RKb;eBlTaMgGs;kñúg
brievNeragcRk 99
Global Witness
Lia Chun Hua Kingwood
Lia
Lia
100
Global Witness Lia Chun Hua
101
iii) karBnül;BIm®nþIEdl)anesuIbGegátkrNIenH
Kingwood
Global Witness
Lia Chun Hua
GacedaHElgbursTaMgenaHedaysar
EtRkumkab;eQItMNagplRbeyaCn_
102
Rkumkab;eQI RtUv)anraykarN_fatMNagplRbeyaCn_GaCIvkmµrbs; b‘un ra:nI Priyarbs;naykrdæm®nþI
Lia Chun Hua RtUv)anniyayfa RtUv)anyamkamedaysmaCikkgraCGavuFhtßrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
iv) PsþútagBIRkumkab;eQIdak;viFankarN_snþisuxtwgrwugenAeragcRkRkumh‘un Kingwood
Kingwood CaGñkEdlTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHsnþ isuxcab;B I103
AK-47
mñak;²bMBak;RtwmEtGavuF AK104
Lia Chun Hua
cUl105
85
CMBUk II :
35
v) karemIleXIjBIbursEdlRsedog Lia Chun Hua
Kingwood kñúg
Global Witness
Lia Chun
Hua106
Global Witness
AK-47s edIrtam
Kingwood
Global Witness
enaHCa Lia Chun Hua Lia
karBarenARKb;eBlevlaTaMgGs;edayGñkyamRbdab;GavuF107
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karekaHehABItulakarkñúgRkugPñMeBj
Kingwood FnaKar Maybank
Lia Chun Hua
87
Lia Chun Hua
Kingwood108
Global Witness
Lia Chun Hua
Kingwood109
Lia
Global Witness
CUn Lia Chun Hua
Kingwood
GMBITIkEnøgnaeBlbc©úb,nñrbs; Lia
Global Witness
BIkarcab;CMritrbs; Lia Chun Hua
2>4 bNþwgRbECg
Kingwood DI cUc/
Kingwood
Global Witness
Kingwood110
Global Witness
Kingwood mYy
Maybank
US$9. Kingwood x© Ikñ úg87
FnaKar Maybank
Kingwood elak Lia Chun Hua nig
Lee Kwan Siang111
rbs;BYkeKeTAelI Lia
eTot C½yCmñHsRmab; Maybank nwgRtYsRtaypøÚv[FnaKar
Kingwood
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viFankarN_rbs; Maybank
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85
CMBUk II :
36
RbPB Global
Witness
Kingwood Fana
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Global Witness
sresrCUn eCt bUra:vuF nig KI tic kñúgEx 2007
Rbkas (esckþIRbkasRksYg) bBa©b;kic©RBmeRBogvinieyaK
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Mieng Ly Heng
pgEdr113
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Kingwood
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Kingwood
(RbmUlpl) eQIéRBeQI
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Kingwood
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115
Kingwood
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Kwan Siang Lia Chun Hua
nig Lee Kwan Siang
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108
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Kingwood
CMBUk II :
37
DI cUc ¬eqVg¦ nig esg Kag Priyarbs;Kat; ¬eqVgkNþal¦ ftCamYy h‘un m:aNa kUnRsIrbs; h‘un Esnnig muwg kumÖ³ sVamIrbs;Kat; EdlCakUnRbusrbs;]tþmesnIy_ mwug sMpn énkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ
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Mieng Ly Heng (442 ) - enAcMNucRbsBV
sßitenAcMkNþaléRBLg; - CaéRBeQIébtgTMnabFMCageKbMput
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CMBUk II :
38
h‘un Esn cg¥úlbgðaj
pÞal;enAExdUcKñaenH137
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140
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CMBUk II :
39
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GñkykC½rkñúgéRBeQIéRBLg; ¬rUbPaBrbs; Andrew McDonald¦
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131
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kñúgGMLúgeBlrdUvkab;eQIelIkcugeRkay (2000-2001)
80%
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maRta 17 ( )
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CMBUk II :
40
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rs;enArbs;RbePTBUCstVéRBkRm dUcCa dMrI eKaéRB (gaur)
eKaéRB (banteng)123
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120
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mandMbUk nigedImeQIEdlmanRBlwgCaeRcIn Edlman
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CaedIm124
karCYyRKb;RKgkarEbgEckTwkd¾sMxan;dl;RbCaCnCnbTrbs;
125
120
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bYn EdlRKbdNþb;elIéRBLg;CaeRcInenAEtbnþman124
126
CMBUk II :
41
127
128
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RKbdNþb;edayéRBeQI 129
valéRBébtgd¾kRmkñúgéRBLg;
TItaMgéRBLg; RbeTskm<úCa éRBLg; RbeTskm<úCa
CMBUk II :
42
3>2 {GtßßRbeyaCn_énkarpøas;bþÚr}
RbsinebItMbn;enH [TMrIg]
[ ]
GAT Colexim nig
Mieng Ly Heng
Mieng Ly Heng
141
GAT International
Seng Keang
Import Export Company142
Seng Keang Import Export Co. ,Ltd.143
tamcMeNHdwgRbesIrbMputrbs; Global Witness esckþIseRmc
BukrlYyy:agxøaMg144
seRmcrbs;Kat;kñúgRbkardUcxageRkamenH ³
{éRBeQIRtUBikrbs;RbeTskm<úCa EtgEtmanRbePTedIm
karQUssMGatéRBeQI CakarsMxan;RbmUledImeQITaMgenH
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US$25,000]
(
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rIgenaHeTGñkkab;eQImkBIRkumh‘un GAT International begáItrlkQUssMGatéRBeQIdMbUgkñúgTMrIg
CMBUk II :
43
eTaHy:agNak¾eday Global Witness
srubmkeBlEdlsm,TanikeQIrbs;RbeTskm<úCaRbQm
3>3 karlageQIkxVk;
exmrPUminÞd¾man\T§iBl146
Mieng Ly Heng
kab;eQIEbbkarRKb;RKgsm,TanéRBeQI eTACakarkab;eQI147
Kingwood
raraMgedaybrievNtMbn;TMrIg EdlmankRmitRkIRkenaHeLIy148
Global Witness
esg kukh‘ag tMNagRkumh‘unrbs; esg Kag kñúgTMrIg nigGñkyamrbs;Rkumh‘un
eQIEdl)ancat;RbePTfaCa {Gus} kñúgTMrIg qñaM 2002
CMBUk II :
44
149
k¾eday karkab;eQIenAeRkAbrievN epþateTAelIcMnYnmuxcUl
Kingwood ³
eQITal (eQIykC½r)
148
3>4 karRbmUlGus
kRmitx<s;bMput Rkumkab;eQIGaclYcedayxusc,ab;nUvedImec,aH
Kingwood
Global Witness kñúgEx mkra
karEkécñedImeQICa {Gus} GuskMBugdwkCBa¢Ún
148
3eday150
Peter
Leuprecht … enAeBl
140
RsbeBlEdlGRtasYysarsRmab; eQITal kRmitelxBIr nig
US$54 kñúgmYyEm:Rt
US$
Global-
Witness Kingwood kñúg
Seng Keang Company
eQIkRmitelxBIrticbMput 20,000m3
151
US$1,000,000 dl;rtnaKar
CMBUk II :
45
Seng Keang
Company
US$600,
.6 145
152
152
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98
3>5 GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßmeTot
Rbkas Seng Keang Company
begáIteragcRkenAkñúgPUmiéxs_kñúgTRmg;sRmab;eFVIeragcRkeQI nig
kþarbnÞH154 Rbkas
EkécñeQImUl155 Rbkas
(TaMgenH)
Global Witness156
eragcRkGareQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company nigeragcRkpliteQIbnÞHkñúgPUmiéxs_ Ex vicäika qñaM 2005
nigc,as;Nas;bgðajBIkarkab;eQIbMpøicbMpøaj nigxusc,ab;
Seng Keang Company
cMeBaHkarbMpøajbrisßan
karbMpøicbMpøajRTBüsm,tþi
vb,Fm’ nigkarbMPitbMP½y
Global Witness
GñkkaEst minrab;bBa©Úl
GaCJaFrnUvPsþútagy:ageRcInBIGVIEdlkMBugekIteLIg157
RbkascuHhtßelxaeday can; sarun GnuBaØat[Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company
sagsg;eragcRkEkécñeQIkñúgPUmiéxs_
CMBUk II :
46
Seng Keang Company
edaysar (eragcRkGareQI) minsßitenAkñúgRBMEdnéRBeQI145
Seng Keang Company
BIrebobEdlKat;sRmuHsRmYlkarGHGagCemøaHrbs;Kat;eTAelI
Seng Keang Company nwg
Seng Keang
Company158
BIPñMeBj159
rbs;GñkPUmiCaeRcInenAxageRkARBMRbTl;cMkar160
3>6 eQIcas;² nigkar)at;bg;karcgcaMrbs;m©as;CMnYy
Colexim Enterprise
Colexim Enterprise
,355 161
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Global-
Witness
50%
edayxusc,ab;162
Colexim
elx 5 163
BiPBelak164
(WGNRM) énm©as;
WGNRM
[sic]
165
(sMNwk) k¾dUcCabBaða
kardwkCBa¢ÚnedaymankarRKb;RKg nigkarlk;eQIBItMbn;KeRmag
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enaHeT sßitenABIeRkaykareFVI[kan;Ety:ab;nUvsßanPaBkñúgTMrIg
Seng Keang Company
rbs; can; sarun cMeBaHkarbBa©b;nUvkarbBaÄb;kardwkeQI 145
CMBUk II :
47
Colexim GñkTTYlRbeyaCn_mYy
Seng Keang
Company
US$ 216,397167
Kingwood168
eQIdUcKñaenH RtUv)anpÞúkkñúgTUkenAeragcRk Kingwood nigRtUv)anlk;eTAkan;eragcRkGareQIenAxageRkamTenøemKgÁ EdlrYmmanTaMgeragcRkGareQIrbs; Xun fugtampøÚvCatielx 2 pgEdr (bgðajenAxagelI)
eQIcas;² ³ BITMrIgeTAkan;eragcRkRkumh‘un Kingwood nigepSgeTot Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2004
SGS
bnÞab;BIkardk Global Witness
SGS Global Witness
SGS
y:agRbesIrmuneBlcab;epþImcuHkic©snüaCamYy SGS SGS
169
4> karviPaKRbtibtþikarkab;eQIxusc,ab;
BIlT§plesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness eTAkñúgsmasPaB
CMBUk II :
48
4>1 smtßPaBEkécñ
Kingwood
CaeRcInmuneBldwkeTAkan;eragcRksRmab;temøIgCakþarbnÞH158
enHGacbgðajBIlMeGogcMeBaHCeRmIsCak;Esþgkan;EtticcMeBaH
Global-
Witness
eragcRkGareQIEk,rkMBg;fµ EdlRtUv)anraykarN_fa)anTijeday DI cUc Ex vicäika qñaM 2005
eragcRkkþarbnÞH EG‘l dara: Ex mina qñaM 2003
US$10,170
Global Witness BYkeKkMBugplitkþaresþIg²
Kingwood171
CMBUk II :
49
II II Global
Witness
eTACasnøwkeQIbnÞHsRmab;plitkþarbnÞHenA Kingwood171
enAEk,reragcRk Kingwood, Global Witness
éndMeNIrkarplitkþarbnÞH172
RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr eragcRkGareQIEdlRKb;RKg
100m3(kRmiteQIRbNitRbePTBUCEdlRtUvkarBar) eQITal
(eQIec,aH)
Kingwood
CamYyLaneyaFaFMmYy EdlpÞúkedayeQIRbNit nigeQI
extþeBaFisat; 158
4>2 karKaMRTeragcRk
nigGñkRsukkñúgtMbn;CamYykaresu IbGegátBItMbn;kab;
esg Kag epþatCacm,gelIéRBeQIenAxageRkARBMRbTl;
cMkar173
Global Witness
RsuksnÞúk m:üagvijeTot tMbn;éRBLg;Føak;eTAkñúgsm,Tan
Colexim GAT Mieng Ly Heng
Pheapimex-Fuchan (
Colexim
Seng Keang Company
erobrab;kñúgRbGb;TI 7)
CamYynwgeragcRk Kingwood eragcRkrbs;
Seng Keang Company
Cacm,gelI eQITal (eQIykC½r) nigRbePTBUC
nigeQIsMNg;174
(may tap) (eQIRCug)
RbePTBUCRbNit dUcCa ebg nagnYn nigFñg;
Pheapimex-Fuchan PaKxagekItTMrIg 170
Global Witness
Timas Resources
II189 190
eragcRk Kingwood191
kareRbobeFobKRmbéRBeQIkñúg nigCMuvijTMrIgtamEdleXIjtampáayrNbkñúgqñaM 2001 nig 2005 . EpñkxageqVgédxagelIénrUbPaBtampáayrNbqñaM 2005bgðajBIkarkab;bMpøajéRBeQIxageRkARBMRbTl;cMkarekAs‘U .
rUbPaBtampáayrNbTI 5éf¶TI 11 Exkkáda qñaM2001nimµitsBaØa RBMRbTl;cMkar
KILÚEm:Rt
rUbPaBtampáayrNbTI 7éf¶TI 7 Exmkra qñaM2005
nimµitsBaØa RBMRbTl;cMkar
KILÚEm:Rt
CMBUk II :
50
kardutéRB - sm,Tanrbs;Rkumh‘un Colexim Ex mina qñaM 2003
Colexim
Colexim163
Colexim RKb;RKgsm,TaneQI 147,187
Okada175 176
Colexim
177
Colexim BIkarkab;edImec,aHrbs;GñkPUmi178
karGegátRsavRCavrbs; Global Witness kñúgGMLúg
1,
Colexim
Colexim179
nig sVay sava:t;180 BIkarsRmbsRmYlkarkab;eQI niglk;dI181
BiPBelak edIm,IeFVIkarBinitüelIEpnkarRKb;RKgéRBeQIRbkb
{kardeNþImykdI karEkécñéRBeQI ³ Cak;EsþgéRBeQI
( Colexim) BI
(RbmaN 18, ) \LÚvenH
182
Colexim mindwgBIkarbMpøic-
Global Witness
Colexim
[nUverOgra:vlMGitBIkab;eQIykC½rxusc,ab;EdlBYkeKGHGag
Colexim183 184rYmCamYy
Seng Keang Company kñúgTMrIg185
Global Witness kñúg
Colexim pgEdr186
Global Witness
,000-6,000187
Global Witness
Colexim cMeBaHFnaKar Union
Commercial Bank
enH sMedAeTAelIEpnkarRBwT§smaCik
Colexim188
Global Witness
Bak;B½n§CaEpñkmYyrbs;sm,TaneQI
Colexim kñúgéRBLg;
RbGb;TI 7 ³ Rkumh‘un Colexim-Rkumh‘unsm,TanKMrUrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
CMBUk II :
51
4>3 GñkpÁt;pÁg;
ytbeTAkan;karGHGagBIkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;
(
) GacekIt
can; sarun
Seng Keang
Company kñúgTMrIg rYmmanRkumsMxan;²bI ³
US$220 kñúg
mYyEx192
US$15-US$25
enH 192
US$150 kñúgmYyEm:RtKIbcMeBaH
eQIelx I nig US$75-US$100 sRmab;kRmitelx II
CYlreTHeKa ( .25m3) edIm,Idwk
eQIeTAkan;eragcRk192
Global Witness
US$30-US$
Ekécñ193
karkab;edImeQIykC½reTACakMNat;kþar cm¶ayb:unµanKILÚEm:RtPaKxagt,ÚgRBMEdncMkarekAs‘UTMrIg Ex tula qñaM 2003rUbtUc ³ esovePAbBa¢aTijrbs;Gñkkab;eQIenAtMbn;kab;eQIxageRkARBMEdncMkar Ex vicäika qñaM 2005
CMBUk II :
52
Seng Keang Company
Global Witness
enAkñúgEtXMuTMrIgmYyKt;194
nigeragcRkcl½t 12 enAkñ úgXM uTa MgGs;énRsuk
sNþan;195
4>4 kardwkCBa¢Ún
Seng Keang Company
Global Witness kñúgEx
Lan ecjBITMrIgerogral;196
edaypÞal;rbs; Global Witness
Seng
Keang Company Carbs;kgBltUcelx 70 EdlCa
eyaFa197
lMGitkñúgCMBUk IV
‘70’
GñkesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness
LanTaMgenH BIéRBLg;eTAkan;eragcRk Kingwood
Seng Keang Company
70 BaNiC¢kreQI nig
RbCaCnkñúgtMbn;198
LanEdlRsedogLanTaMgLay EdleRbIR)as;edaykgBltUcelx 70 EdldwkeQIBITMrIgeTAkan;eragcRk Kingwood naeBlyb; qñaM 2005
CMBUk II :
53
Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company pÁt;pÁg;eQIRbNit[TIpSarkñúgRsukrbs;RbeTskm<úCa nigeRkARbeTs
4>5 TIpSar
Seng Keang Company
Global Witness
enAxageRkARbeTs ³
eragcRk Kingwood
bgðajCaeRcIn EdlplitplTaMgenH
IV kgBl
tUcelx 70 Bak;B½n§y:agxøaMgeTAnwgkar
CYjdUreQIeTAkan;RbeTsevotNam199
Seng Keang Company kñúg
éRBLg;kat;tamRBMRbTl;PaKxagekIt
Global
Witness DI cUc Bak;B½n§kñúgkarnaMeQI
RbNitecjedayxusc,ab;kñ úgkugETn½r
naMecjtamkMBg;EpsmuTÞPaKxagt,Úg
rbs;RbeTskm<úCa200Global Witness
2007 edIm,IsMueyabl;rbs;Kat;
CMBUk II :
54
sm,Tan nigkardwkCBa¢ÚneQI eragcRk Kingwood
Kingwood
201
202
Seng Keang Company
plitsnøwkeQIesþIg²enAtMbn;CaeRcInCMuvijéRBLg; nigdwkCBa¢Ún
eTAkan;eragcRk Kingwood
karesuIbGegáteday Global Witness
Kingwood >>>
Global Witness
Kingwood
%203
RbGb;TI 8 ³ karnaMeQIecjEdlminGacemIleXIjrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
bgð
eT204
204
Global Witness
eTaHy:agNak¾eday karnaMcUlpliteQIkm<úCa bnþcuH
naMecjeQIkm<úCa205
bnÞH srubcMnYn 28,000m3 US$
km<úCa naMkþarbnÞHecjkñúgbrimaNticCageTAkan;RbeTs
tYelxeQIGarmanx<s;Cag - 150,000m3
US$34 lan205
TaMgkarnaMecjkþarbnÞH nigeQIGarBIRbeTskm<úCa RtUv
%
US$1.5 lan206
Global Witness
Seng
Keang Company
CaGñkdMeNIrkareragcRkGareQIFMbMputkñúgRbeTs mankar
CMBUk II :
55
2003 2004
20062005
karnaMecjkþarbnÞHkm<úCaedayeyagtamRbeTskm<úCa
karnaMcUlkþarbnÞHkm<úCaeTAkan;RbeTscin
edayeyagtamRbeTscin
US$00 m3
US$8.6m16,100 m3
US$00 m3
US$4.9m7,400 m3
US$?? m3
US$2.74,600 m3
US$?? m3
US$00 m3
(US $) sRmab;karnaMecjeQIGar nigkþarbnÞHeTAkan;RbeTscin 2003 - 2006
US$0US$4.5m
km<úCa cMeBaHkarnaMecjeQIGar nigkþarbnÞHeTAkan;RbeTscin 2003 - 2006
20062005
karnaMecjeQIGarkm<úCaedayeyagtamRbeTskm<úCa
karnaMcUleQIGarkm<úCaeTAkan;RbeTscin
edayeyagtamRbeTscin
karnaMecjeQIGarkm<úCaedayeyagtamRbeTskm<úCa
karnaMcUleQIGarkm<úCaeTAkan;RbeTscin
edayeyagtamRbeTs
US$ ?? m3
US$8.337,200 m3
US$ ?? m3
US$11.7m48,900 m3
2004
karnaMecjeQIGarkm<úCaedayeyagtamRbeTskm<úCa
karnaMcUleQIGarkm<úCaeTAkan;RbeTscin
edayeyagtamRbeTscin
US$00 m3
US$9.5m43,800 m32003
karnaMecjeQIGarkm<úCaedayeyagtamRbeTskm<úCa
karnaMcUleQIGarkm<úCaeTAkan;RbeTscin
edayeyagtamRbeTscin
US$00m3
US$4.8m24,100 m3
rbs;RbeTscinBIRbeTskm<úCa
2006 CamYynwg 12/11
kUd HS sRmab;eQIGar nigeQIGar n.e.s. (minbBa¢ak;BITIkEnøgc,as;las;) n.e.s bgðajBIeQIminEmnRbePTRsl; nigGacrYmmaneQIGartMbn;RtUBikpgEdr
% éntémøeQIdUcKña
90%
k- eQIGar
x- kþarbnÞH
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karnaMecjkþarbnÞHkm<úCaedayeyagtamRbeTskm<úCa
karnaMcUlkþarbnÞHkm<úCaeTAkan;RbeTscin
edayeyagtamRbeTscin
karnaMecjkþarbnÞHkm<úCaedayeyagtamRbeTskm<úCa
karnaMcUlkþarbnÞHkm<úCaeTAkan;RbeTscin
edayeyagtamRbeTscin
karnaMecjkþarbnÞHkm<úCaedayeyagtamRbeTskm<úCa
karnaMcUlkþarbnÞHkm<úCaeTAkan;RbeTscin
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CMBUk II :
56
4>6 Tinñpl nigcMNUlhirBaØvtßú
e
Seng Keang Company
eTaHy:agNak¾eday Global Witness
etIeQIcMnYnb:unµanEdlRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company )an
EkécñenAeragcRkrbs;xøÜnenATMrIg ?
Global -
Witness
kab;eQIBIBIreTAbIecjBIcMkar185
Seng Keang Company Global Witness
196Seng Keang
Company3 158
Global -
Witness
man 180m3 3 kñúgmYyEx nigelIsBI
56,000m3 v
?
.8 m:üagvijeTot RtUvkareQI 1.8m3 edIm,I
plitCaeQIGarmYyEm:RKIb207
Seng Keang Company
.8
eQImUlRbmaN 324m3 3 kñúgmYyExnig
elIsBI 100,000m3 v
plGtibrma 35,000m3 80
Seng Keang Company
sMGatkñúgcMnYnsrub12,204.696m3 éneQImUlnigeQIRbePT
cRmuH nigedImeQItUc² nigGuscMnYn 2,023 EsÞr} vi 145
Seng Keang
Company
can; sarun eTAelIcMnYneQI
skmµPaBxagkñúgeragcRkRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company
Ex kBaØa nig vicäika qñaM 2005
v
vi
CMBUk II :
57
sþúkeQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company kñúgPUmiéxs_ Ex vicäika qñaM 2005
LanpÞúkeBjenAEk,rbrievNRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company
Ex mina qñaM 2006
etImancMNUlhirBaØvtßúdl;Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company
nigrdæcMnYnb:unµan ?
Global Witness
Seng Keang Company kñúgkarkab;eQI dwkCBa¢Ún
II Edlman
témø US$
Seng Keang Company BIeQI
EkécñBITMrIg nwgmantémøRbmaN US$13 lan208
Seng Keang Company
elx I
US$594,987.92 nig 8,496,600erol m:üageTot niyay
US$600,000 145
Seng Keang Company ,000m3
rbs;RkumenHnUvkRmitsYysar EdlkMNt;elIeQIkRmitelx II -
US$54 kñúgmYyEm:RtKIb - nwgmancMNUlsuT§dl;rtnaKarcMnYn
US$5.
CMBUk II :
58
karbMpøicbMpøajéRBeQI nigrcnasm<½n§cat;taMgkñúgGMeBIBukrlYy
CMBUk II :
59
CMBUk II :
60
5> dIeRsabEr:CnbT
Seng Keang Company kñúgTMrIg
eday Global Witness
185
209
kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ210
211
5>1 karlYckab;edImec,aH
Nas; 50% Seng Keang
Company kñúgPUmiéxs_212
Global Witness
TahanenAxageRkAbrievNRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company kñúgPUmiéxs_ Ex vicäika qñaM 2005
213
Global Witness
manedImeQIEdlenAsl;214
170
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Company eBlxøHnwgbg;[BYkeKnUvsMNgsRmab;karkab;eQI
cMGkemIlgay – BI US$1.25 - US$12.5 sRmab;edImeQI
US$1,000 kñúg
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[ ] manGMNacbMput
216
5>2 karedaHRsayCamYykarExVgeyabl;
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
61ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
sMNl;eQIec,aHkab;fµI²xageRkARBMRbTl;cMkarekAs‘UTMrIg Ex vicäika qñaM 2005
GñkykC½r QrBImuxedImeQImYykñúgcMeNamedImeQIrbs;Kat; EdlRtUv)ankab; edayxusc,ab;edayGñkkab;eQIpÁt;pÁg;[Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company Ex mina qñaM 2006
énGgÁkarshRbCaCati )aneFVIkarP¢ab;y:agc,as;las; rvagkar
bMPitbMP½yenH nigvtþman esg kukh‘ag kñúgTMrIg EdlRtUv)an
sÁal;faCa elak 95 .
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PasaExµr] (sBaØaviTüúTak;Tgrbs;Kat; KW 95) dwknaMGñkyam
Rkumh‘un Mieng Ly Heng nigmanekrþ×eQµaHxageXareXA .
Kat; KWCab¥ÚnRbusrbs; esg Kag naykRkumh‘un Seng Keang
Company EdlCaGñkem:AkarFMrbs;Rkumh‘un Mieng Ly Heng .
kñúgPUmirnam RbCaCn)anraykarN_fa BYkeKRtUv)anKRmamkMEhg
smøab;Cajwkjab;sRmab;karb:unb:grbs;BYkeK edIm,IraraMgkar
kab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkardwkCBa¢Únxusc,ab; .}140
karbMPitbMP½yRbePTenHCab;Canic© pþl;pøÚvdl;GMeBIhigSa
TaMgRsugenAéf¶TI 10 Ex kkáda qñaM 2005 enAeBlEdl esg -
kukh‘ag RtUv)anraykarN_fa Büayamsmøab;bursBIrnak;Edl
edIrtYnaTIdwknaMkñúgkarkarBaredImeQIykC½rrbs;GñkPUmi .
Global Witness )ansmÖasn_sakSIpÞal;EPñkCaeRcInnak;
cMeBaHkarvayRbharelIbursBIrnak;enAéf¶bnÞab;BI)anekIteLIg
ehIybegáIt[mankaresuIbGegátCabnþbnÞab;kñúgTMrIgkñúg Ex kBaØa
nigEx vicäika qñaM 2005 . kariyal½ysñgkarCan;x<s;siT§imnusS
énGgÁkarshRbCaCati )anesuIbGegátkrNIenHBI Ex kkáda dl;
Ex tula qñaM 2005 . GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alepSgeTotBIr k¾)an
eTAkan;TMrIg edIm,IRbmUlB½t’manBIGVIEdl)anekIteLIgpgEdr .
karerobrab;BIRBwtþkarN_kñúgRbGb;TI 9 Ep¥keTAelIlT§plénkar
esuIbGegáteday Global Witness kariyal½ysñgkarCan;x<s;
siT§imnusSénGgÁkarshRbCaCati (UNOHCHR) nigGgÁkar
eRkArdæaPi)alBIr .
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
62 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
enAéf¶TI 9 Ex kkáda qñaM 2005 RkuméRBeQIshKmn_
EdlmanmUldæanenAPUmiTMG kñúgTMrIg )anerobcMkic©RbCMuebIk
svnakarbNþwgrbs;RKYsarEdledImec,aHrbs;BYk RtUv)ankab;
naeBlfµI²enH . kñúgcMeNamTaMgGs; enH 19 RKYsar)andak;
bNþwgBIkar)at;bg;edImeQItaMgBIedImEx ]sPa . GñkPUmimñak;
)anniyayfa BYkeK)an)at;bg; 38 edImtaMgBIedImEx mifuna .
mñak;epSgeTot)an)at;bg; 96 edImkñúgry³eBldUcKñaenH . edIm
eQITaMgGs;enH RtUv)ankab;rMlMenAxageRkARBMRbTl;cMkarekAs‘U
nigykeTAkan;eragcRkRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company 217
.
enAéf¶TI 10 Ex kkáda 2005 smaCikshKmn_éRBeQI
)anbBa¢ÚnRkumkargarcMnYn 8 nak; eTAkan;TItaMgbYnkñúgéRBEk,r
TMG edIm,IBinitüemIkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; . enAtMbn;mYyEk,r
RtBaMgbwg BYkeK)anrkeXIjRkumGñkkab;eQIR)aMmYynak; kMBug
kab;edImeQIpþl;C½r . Gñkkab;eQI)anbdiesFRbKl;rNaGar
rbs;BYkeKsRmab;rwbGUs ehtuenHRkumkargarshKmn_éRBeQI
)ancat;nItiviFIeTAkan;kariyal½ysgáat;rdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgPUmi
éxs_ edIm,IraykarN_BIehtukarN_enH . edayTuk[smaCik
mñak;kñúgcMeNamBYkeKenAkariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQI Rkumkargar
shKmn_éRBeQIRsbCamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIBIrnak; nig
TahanbInak; bnÞab;mk RtLb;eTAkan;éRBedIm,Icab;Gñkkab;
eQI . RsbeBlEdlRkumenH tRmg;eTAkan;tMbn;kab;eQI m
nusSeRbIkaMePøIgCaeRcInnak;kñúgéRB )an)aj;eTAelITisedArbs;
BYkeK ehIybnÞab;mkeKcxøÜnBIehtukarN_ edaybnSl;Tuk
rNaGarmYy 217
.
RbGb;TI 9 ³ erOgra:vkar)aj;Rbharéf¶TI 10 Ex kkáda qñaM 2005
RbehagRKab;kñúgCBa¢aMg nigRbeLaHERKkñúgpÞHCnrgeRKaHBIkar)aj;RbhardMbUg
eBlEdlBYkeKkMBugsßitkñúgéRB esg kukh‘ag )anmk
kariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgPUmiéxs_ . edayeXIjmanm®nþI
éRBeQIshKmn_enATIenaH esg kukh‘ag )anKRmamkMEhg
bursmñak;edayR)ab;Kat;fa Kat;cg;smøab;Kat; 218
. bnþiceRkay
mk esg kukh‘ag )ancakecjeTA EtRtLb;mkvijenAem:ag
RbmaN 3l¶ac edayGmdMeNIredaybursRbdab;GavuFR)aMnak;
Bak;ÉksNæaneyaFa nigkan;kaMePøIgvayRbhar . esg kuk
h‘ag xøÜnKat;kan;kaMePøIgxøI . GñkepSgeTotenAkñúgkariyal½y
rdæ)aléRBeQIenAcMNucenH rYmmanm®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIbInak;
tMNagGñkRtYtBinitüéRBeQIÉkraCüpøÚvkar SGS mñak; nig
mnusSR)aMBIr b¤R)aMbInak; EdlBak;B½n§nwgGaCIvkmµeQI219
.
edayeyagtamsakSIpÞal;EPñk)an[dwgfa esg kuk
h‘ag CafµImþgeTot )anbgðajbMNgrbs;Kat; edIm,Ismøab;m®nþI
shKmn_éRBeQI nig)anEhkr)aykarN_ EdlRkumshKmn_
éRBeQI)ansresrBIkarb:unb:grbs;BYkeK edIm,IraraMgGñkkab;
eQIkalBIRBwkéf¶enaH220
. Kat;k¾)anKRmamkMEhgm®nþIrdæ)al
éRBeQIedayniyayfa RbsinebInrNamñak;kñúgcMeNamBYkeK
CYyshKmn_raraMgGñkkab;eQIrbs;Kat;mþgeTot Kat;nwgsmøab;
BYkeK218
. enARbmaNem:ag 7 l¶ac esg kukh‘ag nigKUkn
rbs;Kat;)ancakecjBIkariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQI edayniyay
faBYkeKnwgeTAkan;PUmiTMG . muneBlcakecj esg kukh‘ag
)anR)ab;m®nþIéRBeQIshKmn_fa Kat;minRtUvBüayamcakecj
BIkariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQIeLIy edayKat;)anbiTpøÚvTaMgGs;
enAkñúgtMbn;218
.
kar)aj;RbharelIkdMbUg
enARbmaNem:ag 7l¶ac RkummYymanmnusSRbusR)aMmYy
)anmkdl; edaym:UtUenApÞHrbs;smaCikmñak;epSgeTotrbs;
RkuméRBeQIshKmn_TMG . edayeyagtamsakSIpÞal;EPñk
bursR)aMnak;esøókBak;exaGavTahan eBlEdlbursTIR)aMmYy
esøókexaEkøgxøÜn nigGavyWts – semøókbMBak;xagkñúgdUcKñ
Edl esg kukh‘ag )anBak;kñúgkariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQImun
enHbnþic219
. mnusSRbusmñak;kñúgcMeNamenaH )anehAm®nþI
éRBeQIshKmn_[ecjBIpÞHKat; . enAeBlEdlKat;min)an
eqøIytb mnusSRbusmñak;EdlBak;GavyWts)an)aj;kaMePøIg
R)aMBIrRKab;219
. RKab;mYycMnYnrt;kat;CBa¢aMg nigPøat;RtUvRbpit
RbepIyGñkPUmimñak; nigRKYsarrbs;Kat;EdlkMBugRCkxag
kñúg221
.
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
63ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
RbEhlR)aMnaTIbnÞab;BIkar)aj;Rbhar naykgraC-
GavuFhtßmñak;maneQµaHfa CakMBUl222
)anmkdl; nig rk
eXIjsMbkRKab;R)aMmYykñúgcMeNamR)aMBIrRKab;EdlbnSl;Tuk
elIdIxageRkApÞH219
. CakMBUlRtUv)andwgfa eFVIkary:agCitsñiT§i
CamYy esg kukh‘ag kñúgkarsRmbsRmYlkardwkeQIecj
BITMrIg223
.
kar)aj;RbharelIkTIBIr
enAem:agRbmaN 7³30 l¶ac esg kukh‘ag nigGgÁrkS
BIrnak; )anRtLb;mkkan;kariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgPUmi
éxs_ 224
. enAdMNak;kalenH GñkTaMgLayEdlmanvtþman
rYmman skmµCnéRBeQIshKmn_mñak; m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
BIrnak; TahanbInak;Edl)aneTAéRBCamYyRkumkargaréRBeQI
shKmn_naRBwkenaH nigGñktMNag SGS mñak; .218
edayeyagtamsakSIpÞal;EPñk)an[dwgfa esg kukh‘ag
)andkkaMePøIgecj nigbukeTARTUgrbs;m®nþIéRBeQIshKmn_
mñak; TajékdUcEdlKat;)aneFVIdUecñH225
. karb:HBal;BI
ERtkaMePøIg )anbNþal[bursmñak;enaHrYjra ehIyRKab;)anb:H
RbpitcMehogxøÜnKat; edayminb:HKat;cMpÞal;225
. bnÞab;mk
GgÁrkSmñak;kñúgcMeNamenaH )anvaykaMePøIgecjBIéd esg
kukh‘ag EdlbnþelateTAelICnrgeRKaH vayKat; nigTaj
sk;Kat;muneBlhamXat;edayKUknrbs;Kat;226
. bnÞab;mk
esg kukh‘ag )ancakecjBIkariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQI219
.
eRkayBIkarvayRbhar CnrgeRKaHcMNayeBlCag
24 em:ag edIm,IeKcxøÜnecjBITMrIg . GñkebIktak;suI )anbdiesF
CUnBYkeK edaysarP½yxøackarvayqµk;edayTahanrbs; esg
kukh‘ageTAelIpøÚvtaméRB170
.
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cat;viFankarN_RbqaMg esg kukh‘ag nigbuKÁlikrbs;Kat; Et
)anniyayfa BYkeKminGaceFVIdUecñH)aneT edaysarEtTMnak;TMng
fñak;elIrbs;Kat; 227
. RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr rdæ)aléRBeQI
Edlkariyal½ymYyrbs;xøÜnekIteLIgnUvkarvayRbhar )an
bgðajkarsÞak;esÞIrpþl;B½t’manBIGVIEdl)anekIteLIg ehIym®nþI
rdæ)aléRBeQIBIrnak;EdlmanvtþmanenAéf¶TI 10 Ex kkáda )an
cuHhtßelxaelIr)aykarN_Edlniyayfa BYkeKmin)aneXIj
kar)aj;RbharenaHeT .
SGS EdltMNagrbs;xøÜnsßitenAkñúgkariyal½yrdæ)al
éRBeQIkñúgPUmiéxs_ enAéf¶Rtg; nigl¶acéf¶TI 10 Ex kkáda enaH
min)aneFVIkarGFib,ayBIehtukarN_kñúgr)aykarN_NamYyrbs;
BYkeKeT . karlubecalenH pÞúyeTAnwgTMhMeRKaHfñak;rbs;
SGS kñúgextþRBHvihar enAqñaMmun EdlCnRbdab;GavuFmñak;)an
)aj;CaeRcInRKab;eTAelIkariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQI . 228
kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007/ Global Witness )ansresreTAkan;
SGS edIm,IsYrfaehtuGVI)anCaminraykarN_BIkar)aj;Rbhar .
SGS )aneqøIytbfa {tamcMeNHdwgd¾RbesIrbMputrbs;eyIg
SGS mansmaCikbuKÁlikmñak; EdlkMBugsñak;enAkñúgPUmiéxs_enA
eBlenaH Edl)anraykarN_edaypÞal;mat;BIkarRtLb;mkkan;
mUldæanrbs;Kat;vijfa b:UlIs b¤TahanRsvwgmñak; hak;bIdUcCa
)aj;kaMePøIgrbs;Kat; . eyIgdwgfa Kat;minEmnCasakSICak;Esþg
BIehtukarN_enaHeT ehIy)ancat;TukCakarRbugRby½tñcMeBaH
karraraMgpøÚv} . ehtukarN_enH minRtUv)anemIleXIjfaCabBaðaén
bTelµIséRBeQIenaHeT EtRbEhlCaGMeBIhigSamYykñúgcMeNam
GMeBIhigSaedayRsvwg EdltambTBiesaFn_rbs;eyIg manlkçN³
TUeTAenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa . ehtuenH Kµanr)aykarN_ SGS
NamYysþIBIehtukarN_enHeT .}
eTaHy:agNak¾eday tMNagBiessénGKÁelxaFikarsiT§i
mnusSkñúgRbeTskm<úCa Yash Ghai )anbgðajkarvayRbharenH
enAkñúgr)aykarN_Edl)ane)aHBum< edaysresrfa ³
karpSBVpSaykaEst dak;eday SGS Ex emsa qñaM 2006
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
64 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
{RkumGñkyamxøaMgbMput nigefakTabbMput (kñúgTMrIg)
RtUv)anbBa¢aeday kukh‘ag b¥ÚnRbusrbs;naykRkumh‘un Seng
Keang Company . Rkumrbs;Kat; RtUv)anraykarN_eday
kareCOCak;fa)anBak;B½n§kñúgsMNUk karbgçitbgçM karrukkYn
karKRmamkMEhg nigehtukarN_)aj;RbharCak;Esþg Edl
rYmmanskmµCnshKmn_éRBeQIBIrnak; kñúgEx kkáda qñaM 2005
pgEdr . GaCJaFrextþniyayfa BYkeKRBYy)armÖ EtRtUvkar
CMnYyBIGaCJaFrCatiedIm,IdkhUtGavuF nigesuIbGegát kukh‘ag
nigRkumrbs;Kat; nigEklMGsßanPaBsnþisuxkñúgTMrIg . bBaða
RtUv)annaMeTAkan;karBicarNarbs;rdæm®nþIRksYgmhaépÞ ehIy
tMNagBiesssgÇwmfa karGnþraKmn_rbs;xøÜnnwgmanRbsiT§iPaB .
dUcEdl)anpþl;eyabl;BImunmkehIy bTelµIs]RkidæEdleFVI
edayGñkyamRkumh‘un nigkgCIvBlenAelIsm,Tan nigcMkar
ekAs‘U RtUvEtesuIbGegát nigkat;eTas ehIyBYkeKKYrEtRtUv)an
dkhUtGavuF edayRsbtamc,ab;EdlmanRsab;} .229
enAeBleTAemIldl;kEnøgenATMrIgkñúg Ex kBaØa nig
Ex vicä ika qña M 2005/ Global Witness )anEsVgrkCYb
esg kukh‘ag edIm,ITTYl)ankarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;elIkar
ecaTRbkan;Edl)aneFVIeLIgRbqaMgKat; .
kñúgEx kBaØa buKÁlikrbs; Global Witness )aneTAkan;
eragcRkRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company ehIy RtUv)anR)ab;
edaykmµkrfa esg kukh‘ag kMBugenApÞHrbs;Kat;enApøÚv
EpñkmçageTot . RkumGñkyamEdlkMBugelgvayeb:gb:ugkñúg
TIFøaeRkApÞH )anR)ab; Global Witness fa BYkeKmindwgfa
esg kukh‘ag enAÉNaenaHeT minmanelxTUrs½BÞrbs;Kat;
nigminGacrkviFINamYyTak;TgKat;)aneT .
kñúgGMLúgeBleTAemIltamdanCabnþbnÞab;kñúgEx vicäika
buKÁlik Global Witness EdlGmdMeNIredayGñkykkarN_
sarB½t’manmñak; )ansYrm®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgPUmiéxs_BIkEnøg
Edl esg kukh‘ag GacRtUv)anCYb nigetIKat;manrUbrag
y:agdUcemþc . bnÞab;BIkarENnaMEdl)anpþl;edaym®nþIrdæ)al
éRBeQI Global Witness nigGñkkaEst)aneTAkan;ePaCnIydæan
mYykñúgPUmiéxs_ ehIyqøgkat;GñkyamEdlkMBugelgvay
eb:gb:ugdUcKñaEdl)anCYbenApÞHrbs; esg kukh‘ag kalBI
RbGb;TI 10 ³ kñúgkarRsavRCavrkelak 95
b:unµans)aþh_mun . smaCikmñak;énRkumdUceTAnwgkarerobrab;
rbs;m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIBI esg kukh‘ag ehIyGñkykkarN_
sarB½t’man)anedIreTAkan;bursenaH edIm,IsYrfa etIKat;Gac
smÖasn_CamYyKat;)anEdr b¤Gt; . karsnÞnaxøIrbs;BYkeK
mandUcxageRkamenH ³
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burs (PJak;ep¥Il) ³ {´minEmnCa 95 elakGacsYrnrNak¾)an>>>
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KUkn ³ {)aT b:uEnþelak KWCa 96}
GñkkaEst ³ {etIelakeQµaHGVI ?}
burs ³ {KImeqg}
GñkkaEst ³ {etIGñkeFVIGVIEdrenATIenH ?}
burs ³ {´lk;TMnij}
bnÞab;mkbursenaH )ancakecjBIePaCnIydæaneday
Rbjab;Rbjal; nigeTAkan;pÞHrbs; esg kukh‘ag enApøÚvEpñk
mçageTot .
eBlEdlr)aykarN_enHeTAkan;RbB½n§pSBVpSay GaCJaFr
min)ancat;viFankarN_edIm,Icab; esg kukh‘ag b¤kat;eTasKat;
eT . CnrgeRKaH rYmTaMgRKYsarrbs;BYkeKenAEtbnþlak;xøÜn .
tamTsSn³rbs;Rkumkab;eQI kar)aj;RbharenH hak;bI
dUcCamanRbsiT§iPaBtamkarcg;)an . Global Witness nig
GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alepSgeTot Edl)aneTATMrIgkñúgb:unµanEx
eRkaykarvayRbhar)anrkeXIjfa GñkRsukkan;EtP½yxøac
esg kukh‘ag Cagmun . RkumshKmn_éRBeQIEdlBImun)anKaMRT
dl;siT§irbs;RbCaCn hak;bIdUcCaCitsøab; . dUcEdlGñkPUmimñak;
)anniyayfa {eyIgminh‘aneTAéRBEtÉgeRcIndUcmunenaHeT .
RbsinebIeyIgeTAEtÉg eyIgeTAedaymankarP½yxøac230
} .
RKYsarmYyepSgeTot)anR)ab; Global Witness fa edaysarEt
karKRmamkMEhgEdl)andak;edayGñkkab;eQI BYkeKCakarBit
Nas;RtUvcMNay eBlkan;EteRcInq¶ayBIpÞHedayrs;enAkñúgéRB
BIeRBaHCaviFIEtmYyKt;EdlBYkeKGacsgÇwm edIm,IkarBareQIec,aH
rbs;BYkeK .
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
65ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
Global Witness )anftkarsmÖasn_ ehIybnÞab;mk cak;
semøgeLIgvij[m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI edaysYrfa etIBYkeKGacCYy
kMNt;faCa KImeqg¼Mr 96 EmnEdrb¤eT . m®nþIéRBeQI)anBnül;fa
eQµaHeBjrbs;bursenaH KW h‘Yr KImeqg 231
ehIyfaKat;CaGnuRbFan
kariyal½yrbs;BYkeK . eTaHy:agNa BYkeKmin)anniyayfa ehtuGVI
h‘Yr KImeqg hak;dUcCaCitsñiT§iCamYykUnecArbs; esg kukh‘ag
b¤ehtuGVI)anCaKat;maneQµaHtamviTüúTak;TgfaCa ‘96’ kñúglMdab;
elxEtmYy dUcsmaCikepSgeTotrbs;RkumenaHeT .
eBlEdlc,as;Nas;TMnak;TMngkk;ekþArvag h‘Yr KImeqg nig
Rkumrbs; esg kukh‘ag minbgðajBIkareFVIxus BYkeKBitCasmKñanwg
KMrUy:agTUlMTUlayénkarcUlédKñarbs;rdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgskmµPaB
kab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs;Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company . visalPaB
énkarcUlédKñaenH RtUv)ankMNt;kan;EtlMGitkñúgCMBUk III .
bEnßmeTAelIkic©xitxMRbwgERbgCYb esg kukh‘ag edaypÞal;
Global Witness k¾)ansresreTAkan;nUvlixitmYyc,ab; edIm,IesñI
sMueyabl;rbs;Kat;cMeBaHkar)aj;RbharenAéf¶TI 10 Ex kkáda
qñaM 2005 . eTaHy:agNa enAeBlEdlr)aykarN_enH RtUv)an
e)aHBum< esg kukh‘ag min)aneqøIytbcMeBaHlixitenHeT .
kariyal½ysgáat;rdæ)aléRBeQI PUmiéxs_
erOgra:v)aj;Rbharrbs;rdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgkariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQI kñúgPUmiéxs_ cuHhtßelxaeday hYr KImeqg
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
66 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
6> cat;viFankarN_bBaÄb; b¤p¥ak ?
kñúgEx mina qñaM 2006 can; sarun rdæm®nþIksikmµ rukçaRbmaj;
nigensaT )anecjRbkasmYybdiesFkarGnuBaØatBImunrbs;
Kat;cMeBaHRbtibtþikarRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company .
RbkasenH)anEcgfa Rkumh‘unminGacRbmUleQIkñúgTMrIg)aneTot
eLIy ehIy)anR)ab;[erIeragcRkkñúgPUmiéxs_ecj edayman
suBlPaBCabnÞan; .
eBlEdleragcRkmin)anbiTPøam² enAEx kBaØa qñaM 2006
danGnuvtþTaMgGs;rbs;RbtibtþikarRkumh‘un Seng Keang
Company )an)at;Gs; . GñkPUmikñúgmUldæan)anR)ab; Global -
Witness faRkumenH)anbBaÄb;kab; nigdwkCBa¢ÚneQIBItMbn;enA
edImExdUcKñaenH . GñkykC½r)anraykarN_fa karkab;eQIxus
c,ab;kñúgtMbn; )anbBaÄb;esÞIrEtTaMgRsug .
can; sarun min)anGFib,ayCasaFarN³BIkarcuHhtßelxa
rbs;Kat;elIRbkasenaHeTeTaHy:agNak¾eday m®nþIrdæ)aléRB
eQImñak;)anR)ab; Global Witness kñúgEx kBaØa qñaM 2006 fa
Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company )ancakecjBItMbn;y:ag
gayRsYlenAcMNuc EdlxøÜn)anbBaÄb;kab;edImeQIkñúgbrievN
cMkar . edaykarkab;eQIrbs;RkumenH )anepþaty:agFMeTAelI
éRBxageRkARBMEdncMkar RbsinebIminmunenHeT taMgBIcugqñaM 2004
karBnül;enHGacminrab;bBa©Úl)an CakarBitNas; Rkumh‘un
Seng Keang Company manmUlehtuRKb;y:ag edIm,IrkSavtþman
ekrþ×mrtkrbs;Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company cMeBaHRbCaCnTMrIg pÞHrbs; esg Kag RkugPñMeBj
rbs;xøÜnkñúgéRBLg; . TMngdUcCafa kar)aj;Rbhareday esg kuk
h‘ag nigbnÞab;mkkaresuIbGegáteday UNOHCHR nigGgÁkar
eRkArdæaPi)al edIrtYnaTIseRmccitþkñúgkarbBa©úHbBa©ÚlrdæaPi)al
[Gnuvtþ . eTaHy:agNa edayminmankarBnül;BIm®nþINamñak;
mUldæanCak;c,as; enAEtminTan;c,as;las;dEdl .
CaGkusl kardkeragcRkRkumh‘un Seng Keang
Company BITMrIg minRtUv)aneFVIRsbedaykardak;[smaCikRkum
kab;eQITTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHmuxc,ab;enAeLIy . edayminman
viFankarN_c,ab;EdlGaceCOCak;)anRbqaMgnwgRkumenH mansBaØa
)armÖfa GacbegáItedayxøÜnÉgCafµIy:aggayRsYlkñúgtMbn;epSg
eTot . RbGb;TI 11 erobrab;segçbBIkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;
Rkum edIm,ITTYl)ansm,TandIesdækic©fµI kñúg b¤ekoknwgéRBeQI
mantémø .
CagenHeTAeTot B½t’manEdl)anTTYleday Global
Witness kñúgEx mina qñaM 2007 bgðajfa RkumenH)anbnþRbtibtþikar
kab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs;xøÜnenAéRBLg; . edayeyagtamRbPB
d¾l¥mYyEdleFVIkarkñúgextþkMBg;FM )an[dwgfa esg kukh‘ag
kMBugeRbIR)as;RkumLanRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company edIm,I
dwkeQI Edl)ankab;rMlMxusc,ab;BItMbn;TMrIgCaerogral;éf¶ .
RbPBenH)anR)ab; Global Witness fa esg kukh‘ag kMBugEk
écñeQIenAkñúgeragcRkmYymancm¶ay 5 KILÚEm:RtBIeragcRk
Kingwood kñúgextþkNþal232
.
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
67ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
RbGb;TI 11 ³ BinÞúFMbnÞab;rbs;Rkumkab;eQI
karvayTmøúHdUcCa karbBaÄb;kñúgqñaM 2002 eTAelIkar
kab;eQIkñúgsm,TaneQI nigkardwkeQIbgðajfa sm<aFxag
eRkA GacmanRbsiT§iPaBbBa©úHbBa©ÚlrdæaPi)alkm<úCa [Gnuvtþ
RbqaMgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; eTaHbICaenAeBlEdlRbeyaCn_
rbs;RkumEdlman\T§iBlneya)ay sßitkñúgeRKaHfñak;k¾eday .
eTaHy:agNak¾eday luHRtaEtsm<aFenHRtUv)anrkSaCab; ebIBMu
enaHeTmitþPkþi nigsac;jatirbs;RKYsarnaykrdæm®nþI kRmRtUv
)anrkSaTuk[rg;caMyUrsRmab;kareFVIGaCIvkmµ EdlGacrk
R)ak;kéRmeRcInnaeBlbnÞab;Nas; . karEkERbPøam²rbs;
Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company BIGñkem:Akarsm,TaneQI
eTACaGñkGPivDÆn_cMkarbnÞab;BIkarbBaÄb; KWCakrNImYykñúg
cMNucenH . karpøas;bþÚrrbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex BIsm,Tan
eQIeTACasm,TandIsgÁmkic© (ELCs) KWCakrNImYyepSgeTot .
(karpøas;bþÚrenH RtUv)anerobrab;CasegçbkñúgCMBUkIV) CagmYy
Exbnþic bnÞab;BIkar)aj;
RbharenATMrIg Rkumh‘un
Seng Keang Company
)ancab ; ep þ ImTT Yl)an
sm,TandIesdækic©enAkñúg
éRBLg; . esg Kag )an
sresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA
kan;GPi)alextþkMBg;FM
esñIsMuCMnYyBIm®nþIPñak;gar
Bak;B½n§ edIm,IbegáItkar
Geg átRsavRCaveTAelI
éRBEdlrgkarbMpøicbMpøaj
cMnYn 9,800hikta kñúgXMuxøwg Kl; nigTMrIg RsuksNþan;
extþkMBg;FM sRmab;vinieyaK nigdaMedImeQIFMqab;rh½skñúgry³
eBl 70 qñaM edIm,IplitvtßúFatuedIm233
} . lixitenHbnþerob-
rab;BIkarvinieyaKfa {manbMNgcUlrYmkñúgkarsþaréRBeQI nig
GPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa nigkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk ehIybegáIt
kargarsRmab;shKmn_ nigRbCaCnEdlrs;enAkñúgtMbn;} .
kñúgGMLúgmYys)aþh_bnÞab;BITTYl)ansMeNIrbs;Kat; GaCJaFr
extþkMBg;FM )anbegáItKN³kmµkarEdlmanm®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
nigm®nþIepSgeTot edIm,IGegátRsavRCagdI 9,800 hikta
enaH . kñúgEx kBaØa qñaM 2005 KN³kmµkar)aneTACamYy
esg kukh‘ag edIm,IBinitüemIltMbn; nigrkeXIjfaman
TaMgeQIébtgmantémøGaCIvkmµ nigtMbn;EdlGHGageday
Gñkrs;enAkñúgtMbn;faCashKmn_éRBeQI234
.
kñúgEx kBaØa qñaM 2006/ Global Witness )andwgBIRbPB
d¾l¥BIrfa rdæ)aléRBeQI)anTTYlsMeNIBI DI cUc nig esg Kag
edIm,IQUssMGatdIcMnYn 10,000hikta kñúgextþRBHvihar
sRmab;eFVIcMkarekAs‘UfµI 235
. dIEdlsßiteRkamkarBicarNatam
EdlraykarN_minmanéRBRkas;enaHeT . eTaHy:agNak¾eday
RtUv)anniyayfa ekokeTAnwgRBMRbTl;CRmkstVéRBKUeln
RBMTiBV nigsm,TanéRBeQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Cambodia Cherndar
Plywood . RbsinebIkarraykarN_TaMgenHRtwmRtUv . tMbn;
Edl)anesñIrbs;sm,TandIesdækic© nwgbegáIt»kassRmab;
karkab;eQIxusc,ab;kñúgéRBeQImantémøenAEk,rxag ehIy
bnÞab;mk lageQICaplitplGPivDÆn_cMkar dUcEdlRkumh‘un
Seng Keang Company )aneFVIkñúgTMrIgEdr .
kñúgEx mina qñaM 2007 m®nþImñak;)anR)ab; Global Witness
fa DI cUc nigb¥ÚnCIdUnmYyrbs;Kat; h‘un tU )anesñIsMu
tMbn;EdlmanTMhM 2,000 hikta cMnYnBIr Casm,TandIesdækic©
(ELCs) kñúgextþRBHvihar 236
. sm,TandIesdækic©Edl)anesñI
TaMgenH RtUv)anerobrab;fa enAxageCIgpøÚvrvagPUmiRsEGm nig
CaMkSanþ kñúgRsukCaMkSanþ Ek,rnwgmUldæankgeyaFBlexmr-
PUminÞ . RbPBd¾l¥mYyepSgeTot )anbBa¢ak;fa h‘un tU )andak;
sMeNIsMusm,TandIesdækic©fµIcMnYnBIr Et)anniyayfa BYk
eKmñak;²TTYlyk 1,000hikta CaCag 2,000 hikta .
RbPBTIBIrenH)anpþl;[ Global Witness nUvÉksar
Edlbgðajfasm,TandIesdækic© Edl)anesñIsßitenAkñúg
éRBkarBarextþRBHvihar kñúgtMbn; GanesH Ek,rRBMEdn
éf¶ 232
.
enAeBlr)aykarN_enH RtUv)ane)aHBum<pSaymin
c,as;fa etIsMeNIsMusm,TandIesdækic©fµIkñúgcMeNamenH
)anTTYlkarGnum½tpøÚvkarb:unµanenaHeT .
sMeNIrbs; esg Kag sMusm,TandI esdækic©kñúgéRBLg;
sm,TandIesdækic©fµI EdlEsVgrkedayRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company
sm,TandIesdækic©fµI Edl)anesñIsMu
cMkarekAs‘UTMrIg
KILÚEm:Rt
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
68 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr mankarbgðajCaeRcInfa
rdæaPi)albnþemIleXIjéRBLg;faCakEnøgykeQImYy . eday
eyagtambuKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al)an[dwgfa cab;BIéf¶TI
10 eTA 13 Exmkra qñaM 2007 m®nþIkñúgtMbn; nigtMNagRkumh‘un
cMkarekAs‘UevotNam EdlmYycMnYnkñúgcMeNamBYkeKesøóksemøók
bMBak;ÉksNæan eyaFaevotNam )aneFVIkarGegátRsavRCav
kñúgXMucMnYnbI – sNþan; dgkaMbit nigmanbJT§i – EdlTaMgGs;enH
RKbdNþb;edayéRBeQIy:ageRcIn . BYkeKmin)aneFVIkarRbwkSa
CamYyRbCaCnkñúgtMbn;enaHeT eTaHy:agNak¾eday sakSImñak;
cMeBaHkarBiPakSarbs;BYkeK)anraykarN_fa Rkumh‘unkMBugsikSa
épÞdI 40,800hikta237
. ]tþmesnIy_evotNamEdleFVIdMeNIr
GmPaKIenaH )anR)ab;GñkPUmifa sm,TancMkarEdl)anesñIrbs;
Rkumh‘un RKbdNþb;elIépÞdI 200,000hikta237
.
RbPBdEdlenHraykarN_fa Rkumh‘unevotNam)anRtLb;
mkkan;éRBLg;enAéf¶TI 21 Ex kumÖ³ 237
. tMNagrbs;Rkumh‘un
RtUv)anniyayfa)anesñI[m®nþICYyBYkeKCmñHkarRbqaMgkñúgtMbn;
cMeBaHskmµPaBEdl)anesñIrbs;xøÜn237
. bnÞab;mk m®nþIRsuk
nigXMu )anerobcMkic©RbCMuCasaFarN³GMBIcMkarenHenAéf¶TI 23
Ex kumÖ³ nignaMmkCamYyBYkeKnUvPaKIkgraCGavuFhtß nigeyaFa
pgEdr . enAkic©RbCMuenH m®nþITaMgenaH)anR)ab;GñkPUmifa éRBeQI
Carbs;rdæaPi)al fardæaPi)alminGaceFVIGVIEdlxøÜncg;cMeBaHéRB
eQIenHeT ehIyfaRbCaCnkñúgtMbn; minRtUvbgá[manbBaðaNa
mYyeLIy 237
. emdwknaMshKmn_mñak; RtUv)anecaTRbkan;fa
RtUv)anKRmamkMEhg cab;xøÜnsRmab;karCRmuj[RbCaCnRbqaMg
Epnkarrbs;Rkumh‘unevotNamcMeBaHtMbn;enH237
.
Global Witness )ansresreTAkan; can; sarun edIm,IsYr
Kat;GMBIEpnkarcMkarekAs‘UfµIkñúgéRBLg; EtminTan;)anTTYlkar
eqøIytbenAeLIyeT . mkTl;eBlenH B½t’manmankMNt;Edl
GacTTYl)an min)ancg¥úlbgðajBITMnak;TMngedaypÞal;rvag
Rkumh‘uncMkarekAs‘UevotNam nigRkumh‘un Seng Keang Com-
pany enaHeT . eTaHy:agNak¾eday bTBiesaFn_BIGtItkal
)an[dwgfa kic©RBmeRBogQUssMGatéRBeQImantémøbMputrbs;
RbeTskm<úCarab;muWnhikta nwgc,as;Nas;Bak;B½n§nwgBYkGPiCn
eQI EdlmanTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§ iCamYym®nþICan;x<s;kñ úg
RkugPñMeBj .
mkTl;eBlenH r)aykarN_)anepþatCasMxan;elIkarkab;
eQIxusc,ab;edaysmaCikRKYsarGñkdwknaM edayeyagCaBiess
eTAelIéRBLg; . CMBUkbnÞab; nwgBinitüemIlkan;EtekokeTAnwg
tYnaTI EdlsMEdgedaysßab½nrdæTaMgLay EdlTTYlxusRtUv
bBaÄb;BYkeK .
canopy
KRmbCalkçN³páarbs;éRBLg;
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
69ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
RbvtþixøIBIkarRKb;RKgéRBeQIkñúgRbeTskm<úCa
1> RbB½n§sm,Tankab;eQI
2> karcat;viFankarN_bM)at;rbs;naykrdæm®nþI
ebI´minGacbBaÄb;
Rkumh‘unéRBsm,Tan)aneT
´h‘ankat;k´ecal
3> dMeNIrkarsþareLIgvij
4> karGPivDÆn_cMkar
CMBUk II : karrkSakñúgRKYsar
70 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
tagnamraCrdæaPi)al
´sUmTTYlsMeNIrbs;
Rkumh‘unkeNþór edIm,IeFVI
cMkarekAsU‘
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
71ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½n kñúgéRBLg;
DI cUc/ esg Kag nig Xun fug Gackab;éRBLg;edayKµan
eTas edaysarEtkRmitBukrlYyx<s;kñúgPñak;garrdæTaMgLay
EdlTTYlxusRtUvRbyuT§RbqaMgbTelµIséRBeQI . dUc)anbgðaj
kñúgmaRta 78 énc,ab;éRBeQI sßab½nTaMgenH rYmman rdæ)al
éRBeQI (FA) b:UlIs kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ nigrdæaPi)alfñak;
mUldæan .
kñúgcMNucekþAénbTelµIséRBeQIdUcCaéRBLg; PaBKµan
eTascMeBaHGñkkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigGMeBIBukrlYykñúgRbB½n§rdæ
)anCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkkñúgmCÄdæankacsahavmYy . karkab;
eQIedayRkumEdlminGacb:HBal;)an dUcCa DI cUc/ esg Kag
nig Xun fug begáIt»kassRmab;Pñak;garrdærkR)ak;)aneday
{karkarBar} Rbtibtþikarrbs;BYkeK . »kasTaMgenH Tak;Taj
m®nþIkan;EteRcIneTAkan;tMbn;enaH EdlPaKeRcInbg;[fñak;elI
rbs;BYkeK edIm,IeFVIkarpøas;bþÚr . k¾dUcCakarTTYlykCMnYyBI
GPiCneQIFMpgEdr m®nþIBukrlYyTaMgenH mankarelIkTwkcitþ[
Gt;RTaMcMeBaHkarbNþak;Tunkab;eQIxusc,ab;epSgeTot edayRkum
EdlmanGMNactic BIeRBaHenH eFVI[BYkeKGackMEhgykR)ak;
bEnßmeTot . GMeBIBukrlYy nigkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;TaMgBIrenH
beBaäH nigbMpøaj karbegáInéRBeQI . edayeyagtamnayTahan
mñak;)an[dwgfa extþkMBg;FM RtUv)anemIleXIjfaCacMNuceRCIs-
RbFanrdæ)aléRBeQI TI suKn§ enABiFIdaMedImeQI
erIssRmab;m®nþIraCkar nigsmaCikkgkmøaMgsnþisux edaysarEt
TMhMénkarrkR)ak;)anBIeQIxusc,ab; nigBaNiC¢kmµéRBeQI 238
.
plvi)akenAkñúgéRBLg; KWkarepþateTAelIm®nþIEdlman
karbn§ÚrbnßyedaHRsaybTelµIséRBeQI . CaBiess RtUv)an
RbkasCapøÚvkarkñúgkrNIrdæ)aléRBeQI nigkgraCGavuFhtß .
bnÞab;BIsem<aFcMkarekAs‘U EdlTat;ecalnUvkarrMeCIbrMCYlkab;
eQIxusc,ab; rdæ)aléRBeQI)anrkSaTukminEmnEtmYyeT b:uEnþ
BIrkariyal½y (Epñk nigsgáat;) kñúgTMrIg . RsbeBlCamYy
KñaenHEdr kgraCGavuFhtß)anbegáItnUvExSeqkeqrfµImYyCMuvij
cMkar nigtampøÚveTAkan;tMbn; . sßab½nTaMgBIr )anbgðajPaB
sÞat;CMnajy:agqab;rh½senAkñúgkarbgðajkrNIbTelµIséRB
eQIeTAkñúgtMbn; nigkMNt;rkGñkTaMgLayEdlTTYlxusRtUv 239
.
eTaHy:agNak¾eday tamry³RbB½n§GPi)alkic©bRBa©asBYkeK
)aneRbIR)as;smtßPaBenH CamUldæansRmab;karKRmamkMEhg
CaCagkarGnuvtþc,ab; .
eTaHy:agNak¾eday RbB½n§BukrlYyenH minRtUv)anRKb;RKg
edaysmasPaBTuc©riteLIy . smaCikrdæ)aléRBeQI nigkg
raCGavuFhtßkñúgextþkMBg;FM erobrab;BIkarbg;cMENkd¾eRcInBIcMNUl
xusc,ab;rbs;BYkeKeTA[fñak;elITaMgkRmitCati b¤extþ240
.
karBitEdlfa karkat;cMNUld¾eRcInhUrtamlMdab;bBa¢a CaCag
enAkñúgehae):Arbs;m®nþIfñak;mUldæan )an[dwgfa sßab½nTaMgBIr
eFVIkarRtYtBinitüy:ageRcInelIm®nþIrbs;BYkeK nigskmµPaB
KRmamkMEhgEdlBYkeKeFIV .
Gñkcaj;enAkñúgral;bBaðaenH KWGñkEdlkarciBa©wmCivitrbs;
BYkeKBwgEp¥kelIéRBeQIbRmugEdlkMBugbMpøaj nigGñkTaMgLay
EdlGacéllkbg;R)ak;[m®nþIBukrlYy EdlKRmamkMEhgmin
RtwmEtGñkkab;eQIxusc,ab;b:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgGñkEdlGnuvtþ
siT§iRsbc,ab;rbs;BYkeKCaGñkeRbIR)as;éRBeQIpgEdr . kñúgtMbn;
dUcCaéRBLg; PaKeRcInbMputénRbCaCnkñúgmUldæanCYbRbTH
RbePTTaMgBIrenH .
1> rdæ)aléRBeQI
kñ úgzan³Casßab½nmYyEdl
TTYlxusRtUvedaypÞal;cMeBaHkar
RKb;RKgkareFV IGaCIvkmµ nigkar
Gnuvtþc,ab;FnFanFmµCatid¾man
témøbMputmYy kñúgcMeNamFnFan
CaeRcInrbs;RbeTskm<úCa rdæ)aléRBeQI)anpþl;»kasd¾eRcIn
sRmab;GMeBIBukrlYy . dUcCaPñak;garrdæaPi)alepSgeTot
EdlTTYlxusRtUvGnuvtþc,ab; b¤RbmUlBin½y b¤Bn§ dUcCa b:UlIs
Ky nignaykdæanBn§darénRksYgesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú rdæ)al
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
72 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
éRBeQImanninñakarTak;TajGñk EdlmanbMNgBRgIkRTBü
rbs;BYkeKtamry³karrMelaPbMBanelIkariyal½yrdæ241
. kar
cUl nigkartemøIgtMENgkñúgrdæ)aléRBeQI RtUv)anbgçMy:ag
xøaMgedaykarcMNayR)ak;CaCagsmtßPaB242
. RbB½n§ {TIpSar}
énkarTijkargarenH man\T§iBltictYceTAelIm®nþINaEdlman
CMnajkan;EteRcIn nigCYyGñkTaMgLayEdlsÞat;CMnajbMput
xagrkR)ak; .
karkMNt;éf¶kargarkñúgrdæ)aléRBeQI RtUv)ankMNt;min
RtwmEttamzan³b:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgtamTItaMgPUmisa®sþeTot
pgEdr . eRkABIkariyal½yFMenAPñMeBjrbs;xøÜn tMENgkan;Et
éfø KWenAtMbn;EdlmanFnFanéRBeQIeRcIn nigGacTTYl)an
b¤enAtamExSdwkCBa¢ÚnBaNiC¢kmµeQIsMxan;² dUcCa pøÚv nig
TenøFM² . edayeyagtamGñkenAxagkñúgmñak;)an[dwgfa
tMENgkñúgextþkMBg;FM mantémøx<s;CageKcMeNamextþTaMgGs;
bnÞab;mk kñ úgextþesomrab kNþal nigekaHkug243
.
RbGb;TI 12 erobrab;BIkaredjéføkargarrdæ)aléRBeQIerobcM
eday can; sarun rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT
nigTI suKn§ RbFanrdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgqñaM 2003 .
mkTl;qñaM 2003 sßab½nEdlTTYlxusRtUveFVIGaCIvkmµ
nigecjc,ab;éRBeQIplitkmµrbs;RbeTskm<úCa KWnaykdæan
rukçaRbmaj; nigstVéRB (DFW) rbs;RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj;
nigensaT . eTaHy:agNa c,ab;éRBeQIqñaM 2002 )anehA
karecjc,ab;CafµIrbs;naykdæan rukçaRbmaj; nigstVéRB faCa
EpñksVy½tkan;EtxøaMg ehIykñúgEx sIha qñaM 2003 can; sarun
rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT )anecjRbkas
pøas;bþÚrnaykdæanrukçaRbmaj; nigstVéRB eTACardæ)aléRB
eQI . rdæ)aléRBeQIfµImanrcnasm<½n§tamzan³ minRsbCa
mYynwgsßab½nrdæepSgeTot bM)at;bnÞat;TTYlxusRtUvrvagm®nþI
rdæ)aléRBeQI nigm®nþIrdæaPi)alepSgeTot . FnaKarBiPBelak
)ansegáteXIjfa {edaygakecjCajwkjab;BIRBMEdnéRBeQI
edIm,IbMeBjcitþRBMEdnrdæ)al rcnasm<½n§rdæ)aléRBeQI)an
begáIt[mannUvsßanPaBGaRkk;bMputTaMgmUlTaMgBIr Edlm®nþI
rdæ)aléRBeQIfñak;mUldæanTTYlxusRtUvépÞkñúgcMeBaHkarRtYt-
Binitüfñak;CatiRsbtamEpñk ebIBMuenaHeT RtUv)anRKb;RKgCa
fñak;mUldæan . CagenHeTAeTot rcnasm<½n§rdæ)aléRBeQI
RbGb;TI 12 ³ kardak;edjéføkargarrdæ)aléRBeQIrbs;elak can; sarun nigelak TI suKn§
)anbegáItpþac;ecjy:agxøaMgBIkarBinitüdMeNIrkarfvika nig
GBaØtþiepSgeTot . enHnwgTuk[EpñkRbtibtþikarrbs;rdæ)aléRB
eQImankarxVHxatFnFanRtaMERtg edaymankarRtYtBinitü
karKaMRTminRKb;RKan; nigxVHxatTMnYlxusRtUv .}244
RsbeBlEdlkarerobcMrcnasm<½n§ naykdæanrukça
Rbmaj; nigstVéRBeLIgvij GacmankarkRmitCakarGnuvtþ
kñúgkMENTRmg;rdæ)al hak;bIdUc)aneFVI[rkR)ak;)aneRcIn
sRmab;TaMg can; sarun nig TI suKn§ . Global Witness
)ansmÖasn_mnusSbYnnak;EdlmanTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§ i
CamYyrdæ)aléRBeQI Edl)anpþl;dMeNIrerOgKYrGaceCOCak;
)an EdlkñúgenaH mnusSRbusBIrnak;)ancab;yk»kasedj
éføesÞIrEtTaMgGs; RbsinebIminEmnkargarTaMgGs;enAkñúg
rdæ)aléRBeQI . edayEp¥ktamB½t’manpþl;edayRbPBTaMg
enH)an[dwgfa hak;bIdUcCafa FatusMxan;éndMeNIrkarenH
KWmandUcxageRkamenH ³
smaCikm®nþInaykdæanrukçaRbmaj; nigstVéRBNa
mYyEdlcg;køayCaRbFan b¤GnuRbFankariyal½y
rdæ)aléRBeQI)anBRgIkvtþmanmUldæanrbs;xøÜnenATUTaMg
RbeTskm<úCa cab;taMgBIkarerobcMrcnasm<½n§eLIgvijrbs;xøÜnkñúg
qñaM 2003 . enH)anbegáInRbsiT§iPaBrbs;xøÜnkñúgkarkMNt;rk
skmµPaBxusc,ab; . eTaHy:agNa min)aneFVI[mankarkat;bnßy
bTelµIséRBeQIenaHeT edaysarkarXMuXaMgCnelµIs CaTUeTA
RtUv)anGnuvtþ edaytRmUvkarbg;R)ak; CaCagbBa¢ÚneTAtulakar 248
.
bnÞab;BIkarTijtMENg m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI RtUvEteFVIkar
bg;R)ak;CaRbcaM[fñak;elIrbs;xøÜntamRbB½n§ {BIra:mIt} edayehtu
enaHcMNUlEdl)anmkBIfñak;TabbMput RtUvciBa©wmfñak;xagelI nig
RbmUleTAkRmitx<s;énzananuRkmrbs;sßab½n . RbPBxagkñúg
)a:n;sµanfa kariyal½ytamkEnøgnImYyrbs;rdæ)aléRBeQICa
Fmµtabg;RbmaN 50% éncMNUlminRsbc,ab;rbs;xøÜn[RbFan
nigfñak;elIkñúgrdæ)aléRBeQI . enHGacykTRmg;Cakarbg;R)ak;
RbcaMExb¤ {GMeNay}tameBlkMNt; . enAsl; 50% RtUv)an
EbgEcképÞkñúg cYnkaleyagtamGVI Edlm®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
kMNt;RbB½n§ 3-2-1 ³ m®nþ Ifñak;Tabmñak;² TTYl)ancMnYn
EdlmanBak;kNþalcMnYnEdlpþl;[GnuRbFan nigmYyPaKbI
éncMnYnenaH RtUv)anrkSaTuk[RbFan 249
.
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
73ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
rdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgkRmitzananuRkmfµINamYykñúg
cMeNamTaMgbYn - GFikardæan xNÐ tMbn; b¤sgáat; -
RtUvEtbg;sMNUk . enH)anGnuvtþeTAelIm®nþIEdl
kMBugEsVgrktMENgesµIeTAnwgtMENgEdlBYkeK
manRsab; edaysßiteRkamrcnasm<½n§naykdæan
rukçaRbmaj; nigstVéRBpgEdr242
.
sMNUksRmab;tMENgTaMgenaHenAkRmitx<s;TaMgbI
énGFikardæan (4 kariyal½y) xNÐ (15 kariyal½y)
nigtMbn; (55 kariyal½y) RtUv)anbg;[ can; sarun .
sMNUksRmab;tMENgenAkRmitsgáat; (170 kari-
yal½y) RtUv)anbg;[ TI suKn§245
.
RbFankariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQInimYy² many:ag
ehacNas; GnuRbFanmñak; (kñúgkarGnuvtþcYnkal
maneRcIn) . tMENgGnuRbFanTaMgenH k¾RtUv)andak;
sRmab;lk;pgEdr . enHmann½yfa manelI 500
kargarrdæ)aléRBeQIsRmab;lk;enAeBlerobcM
rcnasm<½n§eLIgvij .
témøkargarmanPaBxusKña edayeyagtamminRtwmEt
tMENgb:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgTIkEnøgpgEdr . kargar
Edléllk»kas)aneRcInbMputsRmab;kMEhgyk
R)ak;éføCagtMENgesµIKñaenAkEnøgepSgeTot242
.
ehtuenH eBlEdlGñkenAxagkñúgmñak;enaH )ankMNt;
témøbTdæanrbs;tMENgRbFanxNÐminticCag
US$10,000 Global Witness )anTTYlesckþI
raykarN_BIRbFanxNÐCaeRcIn Edlbg;eRcInCagenH
sRmab;tMENgdUcKñaenH242
.
kñúgBaküsMdIBIRbPBmYyepSgeTot )an[dwgfa
{GñkEdlcab;GarmµN_tMENg cMNayRbmaN
US$5,000eTA US$15,000 sRmab;tMENgx<s;
bMput sRmab;tMENgepSgeTotEdlBYkeKRtUvkar
cMNayRbmaNBI US$5,000eTA US$8,000 .
edIm,ITTYl)antMENgTaMgenH BYkeKeTAkan;mnusS
epSgKña dMbUgkñúgnaykdæanrbs;BYkeK ehIybnÞab;
mkBYkeKeTAkan;RbFanenAkRmitRksYg .}243
kar)a:n;sµanTabbMputEdl Global Witness )an
TTYlsRmab;tMENgmYyKW US$2,000 nigx<s;bMput
US$30,000 . eTaHy:agNa Global Witness
minmantYelxNamYysRmab;témøkargarenA
naykdæanTaMgdb;bIenAkRmitTIcat;karFMenaH
eT 242
.
edaymanPaBxusKñakñúgtémø Bi)akdwgc,as;fa etI can; -
sarun nig TI suKn§ rk)anR)ak;b:unµanBIRbtibtþikarTaMgenH.
edayEp¥ktamTinñn½yEdlGacman hak;bIdUcCafa mñak;²)an
TTYlsrubrab;Esnduløar b¤eRcInCagenHeTAeTot . m®nþIRksYg
ksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT )an)a:n;sµancMENkrbs;
can; sarun manRbmaN US$2.5 lan246
.
cMNaytMENgfµIrbs;BYkeK )aneFVI[m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
CaeRcInsßitkñúgbMNuly:ageRcIn begáIt[mankarelIkTwkcitþ
sRmab;BYkeK[eRbIR)as;tMENgrbs;BYkeK edIm,IKRmamkMEhg
ykR)ak; . CakarBitNas; karedjéføkargarenH GacCaktþa
cm,gbMput EdleFVI[maneRbva:Lg;GMeBIBukrlYykñúgRbtibtþikar
rdæ)aléRBeQIenATUTaMgRbeTs247
.
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
74 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
Rbtibtþikarkab;eQIxusc,ab; 5 KILÚEm:Rt xageRkARBMEdncMkar Ex vicäika qñaM 2005 . Gñkkab;eQI)anR)ab; Global Witness fa BYkeK)anbg;[ kariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgPUmiéxs_cMnYn US$ 100 kñúgrNaGarmYykñúgmYyEx ehIycMNaybEnßmeTot sRmab;kardwkCBa¢ÚneQI
TMnak;TMngCamYyRkumkab;eQI
karBitEdl DI cUc/ esg Kag nig Xun fug GaceFVIRbtibtþikar
kab;eQIxusc,ab;FMbMputkñúgRbeTskm<úCa edaysßiteRkamRcmuH
rbs;saxardæaPi)al EdlPaKeRcInbMputTTYlxusRtUvTb;sáat;bT
elµIséRBeQI tMNag[CMhrxøÜnÉg . CaCagkarGnuvtþc,ab; rdæ)al
éRBeQICMnYs[karBarRbtibtþikarRkumh‘un Seng Keang Com-
pany edaykarerobKeRmagplb:HBal;minRtwmRtUvBIsßanPaBkñúg
éRBLg; – mYy enAkñúgenaH KWKµanbTelµIskRmitTabraraMgkarkab;
eQIxusc,ab;edayGñkcMkarEdlBi)akRKb;RKg250
. karesuIb-
Gegátrbs; Global Witness enAkñúgtMbn;enaH rYmmankarsmÖasn_
mYycMnYnCamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIbgðajfa Rkumkab;eQIbnøMyk
plitplenH tamry³karrYmKñanUvkarbgçitbgçM nigkarsUksMNUk
edaymaneCaKC½y .
bnÞab;BIRkumm®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI nigkgraCGavuFhtß)an
rwbGUsLanmYyEdldwkeQIRbNitsRmab; esg kukh‘ag kñúgcug
qñaM 2004 BYkeKmYycMnYnkñúgcMeNamenaHRtUv)anbeNþjecj b¤
epÞrecjBItMbn;enH . enAedImqñaM 2005 esg Kag nigbuKÁlik
rbs;Kat;)aneTAkan;kariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgkMBg;fµ Edlsßit
enAtampøÚvFM sRmab;kareFVIcracrN_eQIeTAPaKxagt,ÚBITMrIg251
.
eday)anGrKuNm®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQImñak; EdlykcitþTukdak;
cMeBaHGaCIvkmµrbs;Kat; Kat;)anR)ab;BYkeKfa TaMgRbtibtþikar
kab;eQIrbs;Kat; nigRkumh‘uncMkarekAs‘UCb; Carbs;RKYsarnayk
rdæm®nþI h‘un Esn . edayeyagtam esg Kag enHmann½yfa
skmµPaBrbs;Kat; minxusc,ab;eT ehIyfam®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
Namñak;Edlcab;GarmµN_cg;rkSakargarrbs;BYkeK minRtUveRCot
ERCkenaHeLIy 251
.
sarenHhak;bIdUcCa)anFøak;cuH . kñúgkic©smÖasn_dac;eday
ELkCamYy Global Witness kñúgqñaM 2005 m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
BIrnak;kñúgextþkMBg;FM)anbBa¢ak;fa rdæ)aléRBeQI)andwgy:ag
c,as;BIkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs; esg kukh‘ag kñúgéRBLg; .
edayeyagtamm®nþITaMgenH)an[dwgfa BYkeKminGacbBaÄb;Kat;
edaysarKat;tMNag[ esg Kag EdlmankarKaMRTBI h‘un Esn
nigmnusSlMdab;x<s;epSgeTot . enHeFVI[m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
P½yxøac nigehtuenHBYkeK)anbiTEPñkcMeBaHskmµPaBrbs;
Kat; 252
.
eTaHy:agNak¾eday karcUlédKñarbs;rdæ)aléRBeQIkñúg
skmµPaBrbs;Rkumkab;eQI minGacpÞúkdak;EteTAelI karP½yxøac
b:ueNÑaHeT . m®nþIenAkñúgTMrIgbBa¢ak;fa kñúgqñaM 2005 sgáat;
kariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgPUmiéxs_ )anTTYlcMENkRbcaMEx
BI esg Kag rab;ryduløarsRmab; {cMNayGahar karsñak;enA nig
eRbgsaMg}253
. m®nþIfñak;mUldæanenaHk¾)anbBa¢ak;pgEdrfa esg
kukh‘ag kMBugbg;[m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIcMnYnbEnßmeTot edayeyag
tamcMnYneQIEdleragcRkRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company
kMBugEkécñerogral;Ex254
. BYkeK)anR)ab; Global Witness fa
tamry³karbg;R)ak;TaMgenH nigR)ak;bEnßmEdl)anTarBIGñk
kab;eQIxusc,ab;epSgeTot kariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQIrIkray
cMeBaHcMNUlRbcaMExrab;Ban;duløarenH 254
.
RbPBcMNUlepSgeTot
Global Witness )andwgbEnßmeTotBIkarrkR)ak;cMNUl
rbs;rdæ)aléRBeQI tamry³karsmÖasn_CamYyRkumkab;eQIkñúg
éRBLg;kñúg Exvicäika qñaM 2005 . mYykñúgcMeNamRkumTaMgenH
)anerobrab;BIviFI EdlecAhVayrbs;BYkeKbg;[cMnYn US$100
kñúgmYyExsRmab;rNaGarmYyeTAkariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQI
Pñak; kñúgTMrIg ehIynigsMNUkbEnßmeTA[rdæ)aléRBeQI eday
Ep¥ktamcMnYneQIEdlBYkeK)ankab; . Gñkkab;eQI)anbEnßm
eTotfa m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQImkkan;éRBenHmþgmáal edIm,IrMlwk
BYkeK RbsinebImnusSmkBIPñMeBjnwgmkkan;tMbn;enH .
Global Witness )anrkeXIjPsþútagbEnßmeTotrbs;
m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIEdlmantYnaTIedaypÞal;kñúgkarkab;eQIxus
c,ab;kñúgéRBLg; ehIyKRmamkMEhgykR)ak;minRtwmEtBaNiC¢kr
eQIb:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgBIRbCaCnkñúgmUldæanEdlBak;B½n§kñúg
skmµPaBRsbc,ab;pgEdr256
. dUc)anerobrab;kñúgRbGb;TI 13
rdæ)aléRBeQI RtUv)ancat;Tukfa CaGñkCBa¢k;QamxøaMgbMputén
sßab½nmYycMnYn EdleFVIkarKRmamkMEhgRbePTenH .
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
75ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
2> kgraCGavuFhtß
kgraCGavuFhtßrbs;RbeTs
km<úCa k¾RtUv)aneKsÁal;fa CakgkmøaMg
Rbdab;GavuFmYyEdr . BYkeKmankmøaMg
eyaFaRbmaN 8,000 nak;257
. emkg
raCGavuFhtßelIépÞRbeTs ]tþmesnIy_
esA suxa KWCaGtItGgÁrkS h‘un Esn
EdlRtUv)anbNþ úHbNþalenAevotNamkñ úgGMLúgTsvtSr_
qñaM 1980258
. Kat;raykarN_Caerogral;éf¶eTAkan;embBa¢akar
kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ nigRksYgkarBarCati . eTaHy:agNa
k¾eday tamneya)ay Kat;TTYlbBa¢apÞal;BI h‘un Esn 259
.
esA suxa KWCaskmµCnkRmitx<s;mñak; . kñúgEx FñÚ qñaM
2006 Kat;RtUv)anEtgtaMgCaRbFanshB½n§)al;Tat;km<úCa
ehIykñúg Ex mkra qñaM 2007 Kat;)ankøayCa]tþmesnIy_páay
bYn . karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness BImun)anbgðajfa
esA suxa Bak;B½n§edaypÞal;kñúgBaNiC¢kmµeQIxusc,ab; ehIyfa
kmøaMgEdlsßiteRkambBa¢arbs;Kat;manskmµPaBy:agxøaMgkñúg
karkab;eQIxusc,ab; kardwkCBa¢Ún karkarBar nigkarKRmam-
kMEhg260
.
emkgraCGavuFhtßkñúgextþkMBg;FM KW DI epn b¥ÚnRbusrbs;
DI cUc261
. m®nþIeRkambBa¢arbs; DI epn Cab;Bak;B½n§y:agxøaMgnwg
skmµPaBrbs;Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company EdlRtUv)an
dwgfabg;[kgraCGavuFhtßeRcIn rhUtdl; US$500 kñúgmYyEx
sRmab;karbeRmIrbs;BYkeK262
. kgraCGavuFhtßCaeRcIn k¾man
skmµPaBxøaMgCaGñkkab;eQIxusc,ab;pgEdr kñúgsiT§ipÞal;rbs;
BYkeK . kñúgéRBLg; Global Witness )aneXIjkUnecArbs;
DI epn kab;eQI niglk;[eragcRkGareQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Seng
Keang Company nigBaNiC¢kreQIepSgeTot edaypþl;kar
karBar[k,ÜneQI KRmamkMEhgykR)ak; lk;stVéRB niglk;
cMENkdIéRBeQI 263
.
dUcrdæ)aléRBeQIEdr kgraCGavuFhtß)anBRgIkvtþman
rbs;xøÜnPøam²kñúgéRBLg; bnÞab;BIkarbegáItcMkarekAs‘UTMrIg .
RbPBCaeRcInkñúgkgraCGavuFhtßbBa¢ak;fa DI epn begáIteday
manectnanUvb:usþ×cMnYnR)aMCMuvijTMrIg nigtampøÚveq<aHeTAkan;éRB
edIm,IrkR)ak;BIkardwkCBa¢ÚneQIxusc,ab; . Kat;)andak;karRtYt
BinitücMNucEqkeqrTaMgenH (dak;elx 601, 603, 102,
104 nig B6) kñúgédsac;jati b¤sm<½n§mitþCitsñiT§imYycMnYnkñúg
cMeNamBYkeK bg;[Kat;nUvR)ak;rab;Ban;duløarsRmab;tMENgrbs;
BYkeK . m®nþIkñúgtMbn;)anR)ab; Global Witness fa tamry³b:us×þfµI²
TaMgenH nigskmµPaB dUcCakarkab;eQIxusc,ab; kardwkCBa¢ÚneQI
nigkarrt;Bn§TMnij DI epn GacrkR)ak;)anrvagBI US$10,000 nig
US$30,000 kñúgmYyEx264
. DI epn RtYtBinitüskmµPaBTaMgenH
esA suxa TTYl)anemdaymhaesrIvDÆBI h‘un Esn Ex mkra qñaM 2007
cMNUlrbs;cMNucEqkeqrkgraCGavuFhtßelx 102
sMNUkbg;eday tamEx taméf¶
esg Kag US$500 - US$750
esg kukh‘ag US$500 - US$750
GñkRKb;RKgeragcRkkþarbnÞH EG‘l dara: US$350 - US$500
GñkRKb;RKgeragcRkGareQIkMBg;fµ US$100 - US$200
BaNiC¢kreQIepSgeTot US$150-
US$500
y:agc,as;las; . kñúgExmifuna qñaM 2005 Kat;)anR)ab;édKUrbs;
Kat;fa RkumminsÁal;eQµaHmYy kMBug esuIbkarN_GaCIvkmµrbs;Kat;
ehIy)anpþl;R)ak; US$20,000 dl;nrNaEdlGackMNt;[
eXIjmanbBaðacMeBaHKat; 265
.
taragxageRkampþl;[nUvkarviPaKR)ak;cMNay Edl)an
TTYledayEtcMNucEqkeqrfµImYyrbs; DI epn . cMNucEqkeqr
102 manTItaMgEk,rmUldæan {pøÚvlM h‘un Esn} EdlP¢ab;BICMrMu
kab;eQI)ak;sñaPaKxagt,ÚgTMrIgeTAkan;cMNucRbsBVpøÚvFM²eTA
PñMeBj nigkMBg;cam . eQIPaKeRcInbMputEdl)ankab;kñúg nig
CMuvijTMrIg qøgkat;pøÚvenH . B½t’manenH )anmkBIkarsmÖasn_Ca
mYynaykgraCGavuFhtßkan;kab;b:usþ×enaH . kgraCGavuFhtß
TaMgenH)anbBa¢ak;fa karTTYl)anRbcaMExsRmab; {RbGb;exµA}
rbs;b:usþ×manxusKñaBI US$5,500 eTA US$10,000 . swg
Kwmr:n266
RbFanb:usþ×Eqkeqr bnÞab;mk nwgbg;[bgéførbs;Kat;
DI epn nUvcMENkrvagBI US$5,000eTA US$6,000262
.
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
76 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
3> RbtibtþikarswkrgextþkMBg;FMrbs;kgeyaFBl exmrPUminÞ
RbtibtþikarswkrgextþkMBg;FM manTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§i
CamYykarkab;eQIxusc,ab;CaeRcInqñaMmkehIy . Tahankñúg
cMeNamenaHCaeRcIn Global Witness )anrkeXIjfaeFVIkar
CamYyRkum esg Kag b¤eFVIRbtibtþikarkab;eQIpÞal;xøÜneKkñúg
éRBLg; EdlBImuneFVICaGñkyam b¤Gñkem:Akar[Rkumh‘unEdl
RKb;RKgsm,Tankñúgextþ ³ Rkumh‘un Colexim Enterprise
Rkumh‘un GAT International Rkumh‘un Mieng Ly Heng nig
Rkumh‘un Pheapimex-Fuchan267
.
]TahrN_mYy KWskmµPaBrbs;kgÉkPaBxøaMgelx 17
EdlbBa¢aedayvr³esnIy_eTa nigembBa¢akarTIbBa¢akarRbtibtþikar
swkrgeQµaH esg mas268
. tYnaTIrbs; esg mas kñúgkarpþl;snþisux
sRmab;Rkumh‘un Mieng Ly Heng nigsm,TanikepSgeTotcab;
BIcugTsvtSr_qñaM 1990 eFVI[Kat;begáIt)anTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§i
CamYy DI cUc nig esg Kag . bnÞab;BIkarbBaÄb;sm,TaneQI
nigkarbegáItcMkarekAs‘UTMrIg esg mas nigkgÉkPaBrbs;Kat;
)anEbrmkeFVIkar[RkumenHCaGñkpÁt;pÁg;eQI . Rbtibtþikarkab;
eQIrbs;BYkeK manenAcMkNþalGtItsm,Tanrbs;Rkumh‘un GAT
PaKxagt,ÚgTMrIg k¾dUcCaEpñkCaeRcInénsm,Tanrbs;Rkumh‘un
Colexim eTAkan;PaKxageCIg nigPaKxagekItcMkarpgEdr269
.
m®nþIkñúgmUldæan nigRbCaCnkñúgTMrIgEdlRtUv)ansmÖasn_
eday Global Witness )anecaTRbkan;TahanRbtibtþikarswkrg
EdlmanmUldæanenACMuvijcMkar BIbTXubXitCamYym®nþIéRBeQI
kñ úgkarKRmamkMEhgR)ak;BIGñkkab;eQIRTg;RTaytUc Edl
RbtibtþikarkñúgtMbn;enaH . edayeyagtamRbPBTaMgenH)an[
dwgfa TahannwgrwbGUsrNaGar nigykeTAkan;kariyal½yrdæ)al
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rhUtdl;m©as;)anbg;R)ak;sMNUk[cMnYn US$100 269
.
4> eyaFPUmiPaK II rbs;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞeyaFPUmiPaK II RKbdNþb;extþcMnYnbYnkñúgPaKxagekIt
nigPaK\sanRbeTskm<úCa ehIyTl;nwgextþkMBg;FM EdlsßitenA
kñúgeyaFPUmiPaK IV . RkumT½Brbs;eyaFPUmiPaK II EdldwknaM
eday sat can;fa nig G‘uy eKo )anBak;B½n§nwgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;
kñúgéRBLg;Gs;CaeRcInqñaMmkehIy270
. kñúgqñaM 2004 nig 2005
Global Witness )anrkeXIjPsþútagBIkarBak;B½n§rbs; sat
can;fa kñúgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;enAPaKxaglicbMput RsuksNþan;
nigsnÞúk PaKxagt,ÚgTMrIg271
. sat can;fa nig G‘uy eKo BImun
)anpÁt;pÁg;[ DI cUc/ esg Kag nig Xun fug nUveQIEdl)ankab;
xusc,ab;kñúgsm,TanRkumh‘un Timas Resources270
.
5> Pñak;garsm¶at;eyaFa
EpñkmYyepSgeTotrbs;kmøaMgsnþisuxEdlBak;B½n§nwgkar
kab;eQIxusc,ab;kñúgéRBLg; KWnaykdæanPñak;garsm¶at;eyaFa
rbs;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ EdlRtUv)ansÁal;faCakariyal½y
elx 2 pgEdr . ]tþmesnIy_eTa m:ul erOb272
RbFanPñak;gar
sm¶at;eyaFa Casm<½n§mitþd¾CitsñiT§irbs; h‘un Esn EdlGñk
viPaKneya)aymñak;erobrab;faCa sßabtükmµényuT§nakar {l,ic
esµaKeRKak} RbqaMgKUbdibkçneya)ayrbs;naykrdæm®nþI 273
.
eBlEdlPñak;garsm¶at;eyaFaedIrtYnaTIy:agsMxan;eTaHbI
CaRsemalk¾edaykñúgCivitneya)aykm<úCa k¾m®nþIrbs;xøÜnBak;-
B½n§pgEdrkñúgRbePTbTelµIsepSg² EdlrYmmankarkab;eQIxus
c,ab;pgEdr . karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness kñúgtMbn;
CRmkstVéRB»ra:l; kñúgqñaM 2004 )anbgðajBIrebobEdlPñak;gar
sm¶at;eyaFaRKb;RKgBaNiC¢kmµeQI nigrbrTuc©ritKRmamkMEhg
pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK . kñúgéRBLg; Global Witness )anrkeXIj
PsþútagBIkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs;Pñak;garsm¶at;eyaFa nigkar
lk;eQI[Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company k¾dUcCakarKRmam
kMEhgykR)ak;BIGñkkab;eQIepSgeTotpgEdr 210
.
esg mas vresnIy_eTa nigembBa¢akarrgTIbBa¢akarRbtibtþikarrgeyaFa m:ul erOb emPñak;garsm¶at;eyaFa
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
77ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
can; sarun rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT
)anniyayBIkarGnuvtþc,ab;enAéRBLg;fa 145
{karGnuvtþc,ab; minerIseGIgrvagRkumh‘un nigGñkPUmieLIy . BYkeKTaMgGs; mansiT§iesµIKñacMeBaHmuxc,ab; . eyIgGnuvtþc,ab;edayesµIPaB Kña ehIymancMNucEqkeqrmYycMnYntampøÚvkñúgtMbn;enH} .
kñúgqñaM 2005 nig 2006 Global Witness )ansmÖasn_
RbCaCnCaeRcInkñúg nigCMuvijTMrIgGMBITMnak;TMngrbs;BYkeKCa
mYysßab½nrbs;rdæTaMgLay EdlTTYlxusRtUvRbyuT§RbqaMgbT
elµIséRBeQI . mankarRBmeRBogKñamYykñúgcMeNamGñkeFVIkar
smÖasn_ TaMgEpñkGMeBIBukrlYy EdlKWCabBaðaF¶n;F¶rmYy nigfa
karKRmamkMEhgykR)ak; dak;Tm¶n;xøaMgbMputdl;GñkTaMgLay
EdlKµanGMNac nigTMnak;TMngedIm,IRbqaMg . mnusSCaeRcIncg¥úl
bgðajfa rdæ)aléRBeQICaGñkCBa¢k;Qamd¾BiessmYy274
.
Global Witness )ansmÖasn_CamYyRkumdwkplitpl
éRBeQIRbePTepSg²CaeRcInRkum tampøÚvkab;eQImYykñúg
cMeNamBIr PaKxagt,ÚgBITMrIgeTAkan;TIrYmRsukkMBg;fµ .
GñkeFVIkarsmÖasn_)anraykarN_fa CYbcMNucEqkeqrrvag
BI 11 nig 20 EdlRKb;RKgedaym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
RbGb;TI 13 ³ ErkbnÞúkBukrlYy kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ kgraCGavuFhtß b:UlIs nigm®nþI
brisßankñúgpøÚveFVIdMeNIrEtmYy 274
.
BaNiC¢kreQIEdldwkeQIkab;xusc,ab; minEmnCaGñk
EdlRtUv)anbgçM[RbKl;R)ak;Etb:ueNÑaHenaHeT . RbCaCnEdl
GnuvtþsiT§iRsbc,ab;rbs;BYkeKkñúgzan³CaGñkeRbIR)as;éRB
eQI k¾)anraykarN_pgEdr BItRmUvkar[bg;R)ak;BIm®nþITaMg
enaHCajwkjab; . ]TahrN_ CageQIEdlRbmUlkMeTceQI
sl;BIRbtibtþikarkab;eQIxusc,ab; )anraykarN_fa {eday
Ep¥ktamGarmµN_rbs;BYkeK} m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI)antRmUv[
bg;sMNUk EdlmantémøesµIBak;kNþaltémøkMeTceQI b¤ebIBMu
enaHeT nwgRtUv)anrwbGUssmÖar³enaH niglk;ecj 170
.
Global Witness )aneTAkan;GUrkMBb;GMbil EdlCasßanIy
rYmKñarvagrdæ)aléRBeQI nigkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ Edl
kMNt;edayGñkRbmUlkMeTceQIfa CacMNucmYykñúgcMeNam
cMNucEdlBYkeKRtUvEtbg;R)ak; . edayRtUv)anesñI[erobrab;
BIkargarrbs;Kat; m®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞmñak;kñúgcMeNam
enaH)anbBa¢ak;fa Rkumrbs;Kat; minEdlraraMgLandwkeQIBI
eragcRkrbs;Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company eLIy ehIy
)anRtwmEtbBaÄb; {RbCaCn} . edayRtUv)ansYrfaehtuGVI Kat;
)anniyayfa Kat;mindwgeT Kat;RKan;EteFVItamkarENnaMBIm®nþI
rdæ)aléRBeQI Edlmincab;GarmµN_emIlLanrbs;Rkumkab;
eQIenaH .
TahanenaHf¶ÚrBIkarbgðajGUseQId¾eRcIn EdlRkumKat;
)anrwbGUs ehIyTukenAkñúgbrievNrbs;BYkeK . eTaHy:agNa
k¾eday enAeBlEdl Global Witness )anesñIsMukarGnuBaØat
ftrUbLanEdldwkeQIRCugRbNit TahanenaH)anbdiesF
edayBnül;fa eQIenHCarbs;Kat; . kñúgkic©smÖasn_dac;eday
ELk TahanepSgeTot nigm®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIEdleFVIkarenA
b:usþ×GUrkMBb;GMbil )anR)ab; Global Witness fa BaNiC¢kr
eQIFM² )anbg;R)ak;RbcaMExedaypÞal;[m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
Can;x<s;kñúgRkugPñMeBj ehIymincaM)ac;Qb; nigbg;erogral;
eBlEdlBYkeKeRbIR)as;pøÚvenHeT . GñkeFVIkarsmÖasn_TaMgenH
)anniyayfa cMNucEqkeqrrbs;BYkeKenAEtrk)anBI US$
2,000 - US$4,000 kñúgmYyEx tamry³sMNUkEdl)anmk
BIGñkkab;eQI nigBaNiC¢kreQI EdlmanTMnak;TMngl¥tic275
.
bEnßmBIelIpøÚvdUcKñaenH GñkesuIbGegátrbs; Global
Witness )anGegáteXIjbuKÁliksnþisuxenAcMNuc EqkeqrEk,r
)ak;sña TajreTHeKamYyExS EdldwkEmkeQIgab;sRmab;eFVI
Gus . karRbmUlGus KWCaskmµPaBRsbc,ab;TaMgRsug .
RsbeBlEdlm®nþI)ansYrGñkRbmUlGus k,ÜnLantUcmYyEdl
EhrhmedayLan pickup nigTahanRbdab;GavuFBIrnak; )an
qøgkat;cMNucEqkeqrenaHedayKµankarEqkeqr . eRkaymk
buKÁlik Global Witness GacBinitüeXIjLanEdl)anRKb
mYycMnYnkñúgcMeNamenH eBlEdlBYkeKQb;Ek,rkMBg;fµ .
LannimYy² RtUv)anpÞúkedaykMNat;eQIBaNiC¢kmµRbEvg
BIrEm:RtCaeRcIn EdlGñkRKb;RKgk,ÜnBüayambgðaj[P½nþ
RcLMfaCa {eQIedImsVay} .
GñkRbmUlkMeTceQI Ex vicäika qñaM 2005
cMNucEqkeqrrdæ)aléRBeQI nigkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ GUrkMBb;GMbil
{eQIedImsVay} Ex vicäika qñaM 2005
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
78 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
BIRbeTssigðburI R)ab;Kat;fa
Kat;erobkarCamYyb¥ÚnCIdUn
mYyrbs;naykrdæm®nþ Ifa
ral;skmµPaBrbs;Kat; KW
Rsbc,ab; ehIyfa GM BIlI
RtUvElgLanTaMgenH .
esg Kag )anbEnßmeTotfa
Kat;Gacpþl;[RkumKat;nUv
éføRbcaMExBI US$375 -
US$500 edIm,Ira:b;rgkar
cMNayGaharrbs;BYkeK
EdlCasMeNIEdl GM BIlI )an
TTYlyk . Lanrb s; esg
Kag RtUv)anGnuBaØat[bnþ
dMeNIrrbs;BYkeKeTot280
.
m®nþImUldæan nigGñk
PUmi)anbBa¢ak;fa sRmab;
ry³eBlEdlenAsl;én
RbtibtþikarbYnExrbs;BYkeK
Rkumrbs; GM BIlI )anXub-
XitCacMhCamYyRkumh‘un
Seng Keang Company
nigT½BRbtibtþ ikarswkrg
extþ nigkgraCGavuFhtß
dwkeQIecjBIéRBLg; .
RbCaCnm Yyc Mn Yn ecaT
b:UlIsBIbTeFVIRbtibtþikarkab;eQIedayxøÜnÉgpÞal; ehIyKRmam
kMEhgbg;R)ak;BIBaNiC¢kreQI 280
.
6> b:UlIs
karGegátRsavRCavrbs;mCÄ-
mNÐlGPivDÆn_sgÁmeTAelI\riyabf
saFarN³CncMeBaHGMeBIBukrlYy )an
rkeXIjfa RbCaCnkm<úCacat;lMdab;
b:UlIsCasßab½nBukrlYybMputTIbIkñ úg
RbeTs bnÞab;BItulakar nigGaCJaFrKy nigBn§dar276
. Cajwkjab;
b:UlIsCab;Tak;TgnwgbTelµIséRBeQI ehIyGgÁPaBb:UlIsRBMEdn
edIrtYnaTIy:agsMxan;kñúgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;d¾eRcInsem,Imén
]TüanCativIr³C½y kñúgextþrtn³KIrI kñúgqñaM 2003-2004277
.
karesu IbGegátrbs; Global Witness kñ úgéRBLg;
)anbgðajPsþútagd¾eRcInBIkarXubXitrbs;b:UlIskñúgkarkab;
eQIxusc,ab; EtcYnkaleTaHCamin)anseRmck¾eday Büayam
RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgbTelµIséRBeQIpgEdr .
kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2005 smaCiksPaRbcaMextþkMBg;FM
gYn júil 278
)anEtgtaMgRbtibtþikarb:UlIsBiessEdlcUlrYmBI
mnusS 100-200 edaysßiteRkambBa¢arbs; GM BIlI279
GFikar
rgb:UlIsextþ . RkumenHmankatBVkic©kMcat;ecalPaBKµanc,ab; -
CaBiess karcab;CRmit karlYcbøn; nigkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; -
kñúgXMubI ()ak;sña blø½gá nigRkva:) kñúgRsuk)arayN_ extþkMBg;FM 280
.
bnþiceRkaymk bnÞab;BIcab;epþImRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜn Rkum
rbs; GM BIlI )anraraMgk,ÜnLaneyaFaBN’ébtgd¾FMmYy Edlman
eQIeBjenA)ak;sña . b:UlIsmñak;EdlBak;B½n§kñúgRbtibtþikarenaH
eRkaymk)anR)ab;m®nþIepSgeTot nigRbCaCnkñúgtMbn;BIGVIEdl
GM BIlI RtUv)anehAedayTIbBa¢akarrbs;Kat;kñúgextþkMBg;FM[TTYl
TUrs½BÞb:unµanem:agbnÞab;BIkarXat;LanTaMgenaH . eRkaymkeBl
RtLb;mkkan;)ak;sñavij enAéf¶dEdlenaH GM BIlI )anBnül;
kUnecArbs;Kat;fa GñkTUrs½BÞehA KW esg Kag Edl)anTUrs½BÞ
]tþmesnIy_ huk LgDI emb:UlIsCati
b:UlIsExµrmYycMnYnmanTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§iCamYyBaNiC¢kmµeQIxusc,ab;
G‘¿ BIlI sñgkarrgb:UlIsextþkMBg;FM . Rkumrbs;Kat;RtUv)anpþl;kargar[kMcat; ecalPaBxusc,ab; kñúgextþkMBg;FM
CMBUk III : GMeBIBukrlYytamsßab½nkñúgéRBLg;
79ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
7> rdæGMNacmUldæan
GaCJaFrmUldæankñúgextþkMBg;FM cUlédy:ageBjTMhwg
kñúgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;kñúgéRBLg; . TMnak;TMngd¾CitsñiT§irvag
rdæaPi)alfñak;mUldæan nigkarkab;eQIRtLb;eTAkan;TsvtSr_qñaM
1980 enAeBlEdlmnÞIrrbs;extþ
)anRKb;RKg nigRbtibtþikareragcRk
GareQIpÞal;rbs;BYkeK . kñúgedIm
TsvtSr_qñaM 1990 RTBüsm,tþiTaMg
enH RtUv)anlk;ecjeTA[buKÁl
EdlmanTMnak;TMngl¥281
. RTBüenH
bnSl;T ukn UvkrNIEdlm®nþ I extþ
Can ;x <s ;m YycMn Ynr MB wgT ukTTYl
RbeyaCn_B Ikarkab;eQIkñ úgextþ
eTaHbICaskmµPaBenH Rsbc,ab; b¤minRsbc,ab;k¾eday .
smaCiksPaRbcaMextþkMBg; gYn júil KWCakmøaMgdwknaM
enABIeRkayRbtibtþikarb:UlIsKYr[sresIr Etmin)aneCaKC½y
RbqaMgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;kñ úgqmasTImYyqña M 2005 .
eTaHy:agNak¾eday sartaMgrbs;smaCiksPaCaGñkkarBar
éRBeQI RtUv)anRsGab;bnþicb:ueNÑaH edaykarcUlrYmrbs;RKYsar
Kat;eTAkñúgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkarTTYlkarbg;cMNayBuk
rlYy . m®nþIfñak;mUldæand¾l¥mñak;)anR)ab; Global Witness fa
Ej:m supanI 282
Priyarbs; gYn júil kMBugTTYl)ankarbg;RbcaMEx
BIkgraCGavuFhtß nigcMNucEqkeqrrdæ)aléRBeQI EdlKRmam
kMEhgykR)ak;BIkareFVIcracrN_eQI254
. edayeyagtamRbCaCn
XMusuxcitþ (sokchet) )an[dwgfa RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr
Ej:m b‘unfa b¥ÚnRbusrbs; Ej:m supanI 283
KWCaBaNiC¢kreQI
EdlTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarkab;eQIRbNitxusc,ab;kñúgtMbn;rbs;
BYkeK170
.
eTaHy:agNak¾eday gYn júil minEmnEtCasmaCiksPa
RbcaMextþkMBg;FM EdlRKYsarrbs;Kat;Bak;B½n§kñúgkarkab;eQIxus
c,ab;b:ueNÑaHeT . smaCiksPadUcKña G‘un enOg284
RtUv)andwgCa
TUeTAfa CaGñkkarBarFMrbs;eragcRkGareQI taeGak Edlman
TItaMgkñúgRsukR)asaTsm,ÚrN_ rvagsm,TanRkumh‘un Mieng Ly
Heng nigtMbn;CRmkstVéRBbwgEBr285
. eragcRkGareQIenH RtUv
)anRKb;RKgeday Em:n pa286
nig citþ ra: 287
EdlRtUv)anerobrab;
fa CaRbPB]sSahkmµkñúgzan³CakµÜyRbusrbs; G‘un enOg288
.
Global Witness )anrkeXIjfa eragcRkGareQI taeGak kMBug
EkécñeQIkab;xusc,ab;enAeBlCaeRcInkñúgry³eBlR)aMqñaMmun289
.
CarYmkñúgEpñkenH EpñkTaMgLayénrdækm<úCaEdlTTYlxus
RtUvRbyuT§RbqaMgbTelµIséRBeQI edIrtYy:agl¥kñúgTMrIg nigtMbn;
lðelðvéRBLg; . eTaHy:agNak¾eday BYkeKminmanRbsiT§iPaB
kñúgkarraraMgbTelµIséRBeQI edayRkumh‘un Seng Keang
Company nigGñkkab;eQIxusc,ab;epSgeTot edaysarEtm®nþI
nigeyaFaCaeRcInmanPaKh‘unkñúgskmµPaBTaMgenH . Epñkxag
eRkamenH BinitüemIlkan;EtlMGiteToteTAelIRbtibtþikarrbs;
kgÉkPaBmYyrbs;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ – kgBltUcelx
70 – Edl)anBak;B½n§kñúgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; minRtwmEtkñúg
éRBLg;b:ueNÑaHeT EtEfmTaMgTUTaMgRbeTsTaMgmUlpgEdr .
gYn júil smaCiksPaextþkMBg;FM
Ej:m b‘unfa ¬Tl;muxm:asuInft¦
sBaØabgðajBIéRBeQIshKmn_PUmieRBn PaKxagekItcMkarekAs‘UTMrIg >>> EdlERbkøayCatMbn;Rbtibtþikarkab;eQIRKb;RKgedaykgraCGavuFhtßshkarCamYy esg kukh‘ag Ex vicäika qñaM 2005 . eQIkab;fµI² KWCaeQIec,aH eQITal
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
80 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
tYnaTI EdlRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;rbs;T½BkñúgkarbBaÄb;karkab;
eQI {GaNaFibetyü}290
. enAeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr cMNUlBI
BaNiC¢kmµeQIxusc,ab;rkSasmasPaBeyaFarbs;rdæmanEt
eQµaHrbs;RbeTskm<úCa . enHRtUv)anbkRsayedayskmµPaB
rbs;kgBltUcelx 70 d¾man\T§iBlrbs;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ
EdlRKb;RKgeQIxusc,ab; nigRbtibtþikarcracrN_edayxusc,ab;
mantémørvagBI US$2lan nig US$5lankñúgmYyqñaM .
krNIrbs;kgBltUcelx 70 bgðajBITMnak;TMngedaypÞal;rvag
karbegáItkgÉkPaBeyaFaesµaHRtg;rbs; h‘un Esn nigbTelµIs
EdlerobcMeLIgRTg;RTayFM .
1> kgBltUcelx 70 nigkgGgÁrkS - T½BpÞal;xøÜn sRmab;naykrdæm®nþI
kgBltUcelx 70 KWCaGgÁPaB
BiessEdlmanTahan 2,000 nak;
manTIbBa¢akarenA ecam ecA CayRkug
PñMeBj . embBa¢akarbs;kgGgÁrkS KW
]tþmesnIy_eTa em:A supan . GgÁrkS
edIrtYCaT½BbRmugsRmab;kgGgÁrkS
d¾xøaMgcMnYn 4,000 nak; rbs; h‘un Esn
ehIy em:A supan293
TTYlbBa¢arbs;Kat;
BIRbFankgGgÁrkS]tþmesnIy_Ék
huIg b‘unehog294
. nayesnaFikarrbs;
h uIg b‘unehog KW]tþmesnIy_ Kn; KIm 295
CaembBa¢akarrgmñak; kñúgcMeNamTaMg
bYnrbs;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ nig
CaRbFanxuTÞkal½y h‘un Esn259
.
kñúgEx mkra qñaM 2007 h‘un Esn
)antemøIgtMENg Kn; KIm eTACa
]tþmesnIy_páaybYn EdlCatMENg
x<s;bMputkñúgkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ .
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUc elx70
naykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn )anniyaykñúgqñaM 2004290
fa
{tagnam[raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigxøÜn´pÞal; sUm[´sMEdgnUv
kardwgKuN nigkarsresIrdl;GñkTaMgGs;Kña m®nþI nigTahan
kgBlelx 70 k¾dUcCaGñkTaMgLay kñúgkgeyaFBlexmr-
PUminÞ sRmab;karlHbg; nigkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;GñkTaMgGs;Kña
edIm,ICmñHral;bBaða nigkarBi)aksRmab;mUlehtupSHpSaCati nig
snþiPaBsRmab;TwkdIkMeNItkm<úCarbs;eyIg .}
GtItm®nþIkgBlelx 70 mYyrUb291
)anEføgfa {embBa¢akar
PaKeRcInbMputkñúgkgBlelx 70 manTMnak;TMngl¥CamYym®nþI
rdæaPi)alfñak;x<s; RKYsarGñkdwknaM nigRkumb:UlIs . BYkeKk¾man
TMnak;TMngy:agl¥CamYyGPi)alextþTaMgGs; BIeRBaHkgBltUc
elx 70 pþl;[BYkeKnUvkgGgÁrkS nigkarEhrhmk,Ün . kgBl
tUcelx 70 k¾)ancUlrYmpgEdrkñúgkarkarBarskmµPaBxusc,ab;
nig)anRbRBwtþelµIsF¶n;F¶r dUcCa karsmøab; karrt;Bn§ karcab;xøÜn
RbCaCnxusc,ab; nigkarrMelaPbMBanRTBüsm,tþipÞal;xøÜnrbs;
RbCaCn .}
kñúgb:unµanqñaMmunenH h‘un Esn )anbgðajkarKaMRTy:agxøaMg
cMeBaH {s®gÁamRbqaMgePrvkmµ} GnþrCatidwknaMedayGaemrik .
enH)anCYyEklMGTMnak;TMngrbs;rdæaPi)alKat;CamYym®nþIkñúg
Rkugva:suInetan ehIykgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ (RCAF) naeBl
bc©úb,nñ)aneRtomxøÜnrYcCaeRsc edIm,ITTYlkarbNþúHbNþal nig
karpÁt;pÁg;brikçarCafµIBIGaemrik . eyaFarbs;RbeTskm<úCaTTYl
RbeyaCn_CaeRscBITRmg;CMnYyeyaFaepSg²CaeRcInBIGU®sþalI
cin evotNam nigRbeTsepSgeTot292
. karRbfuypþl;CMnYy
breTsenH pþl;[FmµanurUbcMeBaHRbB½n§eyaFa dUcEdlCMBUkenH
bgðajBak;B½n§y:agxøaMg kñúgkarlYcbøn;RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³ .
maRta 78 énc,ab;éRBeQIqñaM 2002 GMBavnav[kgkmøaMg
snþisuxRbyuT§RbqaMgbTelµIséRBeQI ehIy h‘un Esn )ansresIr
h‘un Esn nig b‘un ra:nI enAÉkardEgðrk,ÜneyaFa Ex mkra qñaM 2007
sBaØasMKal;kgBltUcelx 70
sBaØasMKal;kgGgÁrkS h‘un Esn
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
81ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
kñúgzan³CaembBa¢akarrgd¾sMxan;cMeBaHnaykrdæm®nþI
h‘un Esn/ TMnYlxusRtUvrbs; Kn; KIm nig huIg b‘unehog
BRgIkhYsBIbBaðasnþisuxeTAeTot . BImun Kn; KIm )anTTYl
plRbeyaCn_y:agekokkñúgRbtibtþikarrbs;Rkumh‘unkab;eQI
GAT International rbs;m:aeLsuI edayeTAemIleragcRk
kþarbnÞHrbs;xøÜnCitRkugRBHsIhnu nigCMrMukab;eQI)ak;sña
rbs;xø Ünkñ úgextþkMBg;FMCaeRcIndgkñ úgqña M 2001296
.
h‘un Esn )anlubecalsm,TanBIrrbs;Rkumh‘un GAT
kñúgqñaM 2002 bnÞab;BI Global Witness )anbgðajBIkar
kab;eQIxusc,ab;Cab;Canic©edayRkumh‘un ehIy Kn; KIm
naeBlbc©úb,nñenH KWCaRbFanKN³kmµkarbBaÄb;karQUs
q¶ayéRBeQIedayxusc,ab;297
.
RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr huIg b‘unehog RtUv)anEtg
taMgkñúg Ex kBaØa qñaM 2006 eTAkan;tMENgCaTIRbwkSaCan;x<s;
rbs;sPasgÇCan;x<s;rbs;RbeTskm<úCa EdlCasßab½nmYy
begáIteLIgCa {tulakarkMBUl} edIm,Ivinicä½yesckþIkñúgCemøaH
Bak;B½n§sgÇBuT§sasna . ]tþmesnIy_ÉkenH )anR)ab;Gñk
kaEstfa Kat;nwgpþl;RbwkSadl;sPasgÇCan;x<s;BIbBaða
Bak;B½n§dMeNaHRsayCemøaH298
.
RbGb;TI 14 ³ ]tþmesnIy_ Kn; KIm nig]tþmesnIy_Ék huIg b‘unehog
Kn; KIm TTYl)anfñak;]tþmesnIy_páaymasbYn BI h‘un Esn Ex mkra qñaM 2007
]tþmesnIy_Ék huIg b‘unehog
kñúgesckþIEføgrbs;GtItsmaCikbuKÁlikrbs;kariyal½y
sñgkarCan;x<s;siT§imnusSénGgÁkarshRbCaCati (UNOHCHR)
)an[dwgfa {Baküfa GgÁrkS KWCaeQµaHminsm>>> kgGgÁrkSrbs;
naykrdæm®nþI KWCaGgÁPaBd¾man\T§iBleyaFaEdl)anbMBak;
brikçarGavuFTMenIbRKb;RKan; ehIysmaCikrbs;xøÜnCaeRcIn)an
TTYlkarbNþúHbNþalBiesseRkARbeTs} 257
. kgGgÁrkS nig
kgBltUcelx 70 KWCacMNuckNþalényuT§sa®sþbegáItGgÁPaB
Biessrbs; h‘un Esn edIm,IkarBarRbeyaCn_rbs;Kat;BIGñk
RbkYtRbECg EdlGacmanTaMgkñúg nigeRkAKNbkSRbCaCn
km<úCa294
. CagenHeTAeTot karKRmamkMEhgGMeBIhigSakM)aMgmux
KWCakarRKb;RKgTaMgRsugrbs;naykrdæm®nþIeTAelIRbCaCnTaMg
mUl . h‘un Esn eqøIytbcMeBaHkartiHetones¶óms¶at; edaykar
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CemøaH nigGesßrPaB299
. RbCaCnkm<úCa TTYlykkarKRmam-
kMEhgTaMgenHhYsRbmaN . karBitEdlfa naykrdæm®nþI)an
begáItGVIEdlsMxan;cMeBaHT½BpÞal;xøÜn KWc,as;Nas; CamUlehtu
mYykñúgcMeNammUlehtuCaeRcIn .
smtßPaBeyaFarbs; h‘un Esn kRmRtUv)anbgðajeday
shKmn_GnþrCatiNas;eTaHbICaeRKaHfñak;Cak;EsþgEdl)andak;
mkelIRbCaFibetyükñúgRbeTskm<úCak¾eday . smtßPaBenH
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edayGñkneya)aypÞal;CaCagrdæ ehIyCalkçxNÐdUcKñaenH
EdleFVI[ h‘un Esn GacbeNþj neratþm rNbJT§i shnayk
rdæm®nþIrbs;Kat;kñúg rdæRbharhigSamYykñúgEx kkáda qñaM 1997.
GgÁkarsiT§imnusSecaTkgGgÁrkSrbs; h‘un Esn BIkaredIrtYnaTI
dwknaMkñúgkarbegáItrdæRbharenH300
.
bBa¢akardæankgBltUcelx 70 enAecamecA CayRkugPñMeBj
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
82 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
]tþmesnIy_Can;x<s;enAÉk,ÜndEgðreyaFa Ex mkra qñaM 2007 . kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ man]tþmesnIy_minticCag 613 nak; EdlesµIeTAnwgmñak;kñúgcMeNam Tahan 179 nak;
kic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs; h‘un Esn edIm,IbegáItGgÁPaB
T½BesµaHRtg; BinitüemIleTAkan;qñaM 1994 enAeBlEdl
mnusSEdlElgeRbI)ankñúgKNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa )anb:un
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kgGgÁrkSenHeLIg259
.
edayeyagtamGñkviPaKeyaFarbs;RbeTskm<úCa
)an[dwgfa T½BsñÚlesµaHRtg;nwg h‘un Esn rYmmanmin
RbGb;TI 15 ³ RsLayGavuF - karkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞEdlesµaHRtg;CamYy h‘un Esn
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kgraCGavuFhtßeyaFPUmiPaK II nigeyaFPUmiPaK III Efm
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kMEhg259
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BiessCaeRcInrbs;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkar
kab;eQIxusc,ab; tamvisalPaBFM b¤tUc . GñkTaMgenaH
EdlRtUv)ankMNt;fa CitsñiT§ibMputCamYy h‘un Esn KWKµankar
elIkElgeLIy ³
embBa¢akar GgÁPaB karkab;eQIxusc,ab;
]tþmesnIy_ Kn; KIm
]tþmesnIyÉk
huIg b‘unehog
kgGgÁrkS smaCikkgGgÁrkS )aneFVIkarCaGñkem:Akar [sm,TanikéRBeQIEdlTTYlxusRtUv
kab;eQIxusc,ab;d¾eRcInsem,Im KYr[kt;smÁal; KWRkumh‘un Pheapimex-Fuchan
nigRkumh‘un Hero Taiwan .
]tþmesnIy_eTa em:A supan kgBltUcelx 70 kgBltUcelx 70 pþl;karbeRmIcracrN_eQI Edlqøgkat;km<úCa nignaMecjeTAkan;
evotNam302
.
]tþmesnIy_ esA suxa kgraCGavuFhtß kgraCGavuFhtßBak;B½n§y:agxøaMgnwgbTelµIséRBeQIKYr[kt;smÁal; cMNucekþAkab;
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[BaNiC¢kreQIFM² nigKRmamkMEhgR)ak;BIBaNiC¢krEdlmanTMnak;TMngtic303
.
]tþmesnIy_eTa
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kgvresnatUcelx 204 EdlmanmUldæanenAextþRkecH TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarkab;
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elIGñkPUmi Edl)anBüayambBaÄb;BYkeK305
.
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Ekv samYn 306
eyaFPUmiPaK III eyaFPUmiPaK III KWCakmøaMgdwknaMenABIeRkayBaNiC¢kmµeQIxusc,ab;kñúgPñMRkvaj
KYr[kt;sMKal; KWtMbn;CRmkstVéRB»ra:l;307
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.
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
83ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
LankgBltUcelx 70 RkugPñMeBj Ex FñÚ qñaM 2006
2> hak; em:A
edayeyagtamTahankgBltUcelx 70 CaeRcIn nig
RbPBd¾l¥BIrepSgeTotkñúgkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ )an[dwgfa
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kgBltUc KWm®nþImñak;eQµaH hak; em:A 309
. Global Witness )an
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)anrkeXIjfa TahanEdlsßiteRkambBa¢arbs;Kat; kMBugdwk
CBa¢ÚneQIkab;xusc,ab;BItMbn;CRmkstVéRB»ra:l; nigkEnøgepSg
eTotkñúgPñMRkvaj310
.
shkarIrbs; hak; em:A bBa¢ak;fa Kat;)ancab;epþImGaCIB
RKb;RKghaglk;rayrbs;Kat;kñúgpSarGULaMBik RkugPñMeBj .
kñúgBak;kNþalTsvtSr_qñaM 1990 Kat;)anTijtMENgCavresnIy_
eTa kñúgkgBltUcelx 70 témø US$5,000 ehIy)ancab;epþImRKb;
RKgesvakmµdwkCBa¢Únxusc,ab;rbs;GgÁPaB311
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BN’ébtgFM² nigTahankgBltUcelx 70 CaGñkebIkbr nig
GñkkarBar . hak; em:A manLanpÞal;xøÜncMnYn 16 EdlLan
nimYy²Gacdwk)an 60m3 b¤eRcInCagenH ehIyebIk nigEhrhm
edayRkumTahan 313
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cMeNamLanTaMg 16 sßitkñúgkareRbIR)as;y:agskmµ314
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rbs;xøÜnfa ‘LM’ nigskmµPaBrbs;Rkumh‘unRtUv)anerobrab;lMGit
kñúgRbGb;TI 20 nigRkumh‘un Mong Retthy Group EdlLanrbs;
Rkumh‘undak;søakCaGkSr ‘MRT’316
. m:ug bJT§IRtUv)anerobrab;
segçbenAkñúgRbGb;TI 18 .
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minEmnCaembBa¢akarTUeTA
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k¾eday EttYnaTICabJsEkv
rbs;Kat;kñ úgkarrkR)ak;
p þl;[Kat;n UvC MhrEdl
begáIntMENgrbs;Kat; .
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sñiT§imñak;)an[dwgfa Kat;
manExSTMnak;TMngCamYy
m®nþICan;x<s; EdlCitsñiT§i
CamYy h‘un Esn KYr[kt;sMKal; KW huIg b‘unehog nig esA suxa
EdlCaGKÁbBa¢akarkgraCGavuFhtß 317
. RbPBenH)anR)ab;
Global Witness fa hak; em:A nig huIg b‘unehog TMnak;TMng
CamYy esA suxa eq<aHeTAkan;RbtibtþikardwkCBa¢Únd¾FM ehtudUcenH
kgraCGavuFhtßGacFanafa pøÚvenHRtUv)anebIkcMhdl;k,Ün
kgBltUcelx 70317
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hak; em:A k¾rkSaTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§ iCamYyPriya
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exmrPUminÞpgEdr 317
. elakRsI mas suPa 319
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karR)ak;Cajwkjab;rbs;Kat;32
. RbPBBIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ
)anR)ab; Global Witness fa nayTahan cYnkalbg;sMNUk
[elakRsI mas suPa edIm,IbegáIn»kasEdlsVamIrbs;Kat;
pþl;[BYkeKnUvkartemøIgtMENg320
.
]tþmesnIy_ mas suPa
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
84 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
3> karCYjdUreQI
edaysßiteRkamkardwknaMrbs; hak; em:A kgBltUcelx 70
edIrtYCaGñkpþl;esvakmµCMnajkardl;kardwkCBa¢Ún nigesvakmµ
karBar[GPiCneQId¾manGMNacbMputrbs;RbeTskm<úCa . ekrþ×-
dMENlénkarcat;viFankarN_bBaÄb;rbs; h‘un EsneTAelIkar
kab;eQI {GaNaFibeetyü} KWvis½yéRBeQIxusc,ab;Edl)an
erobcMeLIgy:agRbesIr RtUv)anpþac;muxedayshRKin nigbNþaj
lYcbøn;EdlsñiT§iCamYyKat; . RkumepSg²TaMgenH EtgEteFVIkar
y:agCitsñiT§iCamYyKña dUcCakarshkarrbs;kgBltUcelx 70
CamYyRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company kñúgkarkab;eQIxus
c,ab;enAéRBLg; KWRKan;EtCa]TahrN_mYyEtb:ueNÑaH .
kñúgGMLúgeBlbIqñaMmun Global Witness )anrkeXIjPsþútag
BIkardwkCBa¢ÚneQIkab;xusc,ab;rbs;kgBltUcelx 70 BIextþ
ekaHkug kMBg;s<W kMBg;FM RkecH mNÐlKIrI ]tþrmanC½y RBHvihar
esomram - CaextþEdlqøgkat;tMbn;éRBeQIrbs;RbeTs316
.
edayeyagtamQµÜjeQImñak;kñúgRkugPñMeBj)an[dwgfa hak; em:A
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eTaHy:agNak¾eday kargarrbs;Kat;mYycMnYnBak;B½n§nwgkardwk
eQIedaypÞal;BIéRBeTA[GtifiCn kñúgkrNICaeRcIn RkumkgBl
tUcelx 70 naMeQIeTAkan;PñMeBjEdlCakEnøgEdlBYkeKsþúkTuk
CabeNþaHGasnñkñúgedb:U Edl hak; em:A RKb;RKg b¤CYl322
.
Global Witness )anrkeXIjedb:UBIrrbs; hak; em:A enA
elIpøÚvelx 2002 pøÚvtUcmYyecjBIpøÚvkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ
(RCAF) . hak; em:A CYlTahankgBltUcelx 70 RbmaN
60nak; CaGñkebIkbr GñkkarBar Cag nigGñkRKb;RKgenAtMbn;
TaMgenH ehIybg;R)ak;Ex[ecjBIehae):ApÞal;rbs;Kat;312
.
Kat;pþl;GMNacRKb;RKgRbcaMéf¶[vresnIy_Ék Kg; hm323
.
hak; em:A k¾RtUv)anniyaypgEdrfa RKb;RKgGclnRTBüBIrbEnßm
LankgBltUcelx 70 mYyeRKOg enAxageRkAmYykñúgcMeNamedb:UTaMgLayrbs; hak; em:A elIpøÚvelx 2002 Ex mina qñaM 2006
eQIEdlsþúkTukenApøÚvkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ RkugPñMeBj
eTot Ek,rpSarGULaMBik eTaHy:agNak¾eday Global Witness
minTan;GacbBa¢ak;BIerOgenHenAeLIyeT312
.
edb:UEdlsßitenAelIpøÚv 2002 KWCakEnøgsþúkeQIFMrbs;
kgBltUcelx 70 . hak; em:A kan;kab;brievNEpñk xageCIgpøÚv
ehIyCYlmçageTotenAEpñkxagt,Üg324
. pøÚvenHmansiT§ieFVIdMeNIr
saFarN³ EteTaHy:agNa hak; em:A )anbegáItcMNucEqkeqr
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edIm,IRtYtBinitükarecjcUlyanynþ . edb:UenAEpñkxagt,ÚgpøÚv
RtUv)aneRbIR)as;Cacm,g sRmab;brimaNeQIBaNiC¢kmµeRcIn
edaybrievNenAEpñkxageCIg CaTUeTA dak;sþúkeQIRbNitcMnYn
100m3 b¤ticCagenH
158 .
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85ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
etIGñkCab;Bn§Gaemrik nwgTijLankan;EteRcInEbbenHeTot[kgBltUc elx 70 b¤ ?
rdæaPi)alGaemrik )anbBaÄb;CMnYyeyaFamk[km<úCa
bnÞab;BIekItrdæRbhar Ex kkáda qñaM 1997 . cab;taMgBI eBl
enaHmk kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ)anbnþRbtibtþikarkan;Et
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CaCageRbIkmøaMgkarBar . eTaHy:agNak¾eday GñknaMBakü
sßanTUtGaemrikkñúgRkugPñMeBj )anR)ab; Global Witness
kñúgEx mina qñaM 2007 fa T½BExµr\LÚvmansiT§iTTYl)ankar
pþl;CMnYyedaypÞal;BIGaemrik edaysarRbeTskm<úCa)an
cuHhtßelxaelIkic©RBmeRBogmaRta 98 CamYyGaemrik -
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rbs;xøÜnkñúgkaredaHRsaykarCYjdUrmnusS325
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énRsTab;Er:eRbgkñúgsmuTÞrbs;RbeTskm<úCa .
mkTl;eBlenH Gaemr ik)anpþl;C Mn YyRbmaN
US$1lan dl;T½BExµrkñ úgqña M 2006 nigeRKaHgpþl;
knøHlanduløareTotsRmab;qñaM 2007 325
. eBlEdlcMnYn
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n½yneya)ay edayRbKl;FmµanurUbPaBdl;sßab½nEdlsMxan;
cMeBaHkarbnþGMNacrbs; h‘un Esn .
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nwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;yanynþ eRKOgbnøas; nigkar
bNþúHbNþal325
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GaemrikfµImYycMnYnEdr b¤Gt;enaH minTan;c,as;enAeLIyeT .
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mYyNa EdlnwgTTYl)anKuNRbeyaCn_ . eTaHy:agNak¾eday
xøÜnTTUcsMufa rdæaPi)alGaemriknwgminpþl;CMnYydl;GgÁPaB b¤
buKÁlNaEdl)anRbRBwtþbMBansiT§imnusSxøaMg325
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LankgBltUcelx 70 pÞúkeQIeBj pøÚvCatielx 2 Ex emsa qñaM 2005
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
86 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
kñúgRkugPñMeBj GñkesuIbGegát
rbs; Global Witness )anrk
eXIjfa Lanrbs;kgBltUc
elx 70 EdldwkeQIrvag
TItaMgTaMgLayenAeBlyb;
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m:UtUelOn Rbdab;GavuF158
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RtUv)anbgðajenAxageRkam . b:UlIsEdlRtUv)ansmÖasn_eday
Global Witness )anraykarN_fa mþg² BYkeK)anraraMgLan
kgBltUcelx 70 EdldwkeQI GñkebIkbr)anbBa¢ak;fa BYkeK
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kñúgqmasTIBIr qñaM 2006 hak; em:A )aneRbIR)as;Lan
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eQI 314
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m®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 nigerOgra:vBImnusSEdlrs;enACMuvij
brievNrbs; hak; em:A Global Witness )a:n;sµanfa LanTaMg
R)aMBIreRKOgenH eFVIdMeNIreTAvijeTAmkCamFümbIdgerogral;
s)aþh_326
. smtßPaBrbs;LannimYy² KWRbmaN 60m3
Edlbgðajfa LanTaMgenH dwkCBa¢ÚnCamFümTaMgGs;cMnYn
1,260m3 kñúgmYys)aþh_
316 . RbsinebIRtUv)anRbmUlpleday
Rsbc,ab; nigbg;Bn§enAkñúgGRta US$54 kñúgmYyEm:RtKIb cMeBaH
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US$3.5 lankñúgmYyqñaM . xN³enH enHKWCaKuNRbeyaCn_
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nigrtn³KIrI GRtatambTdæan KW US$1,500 kñúgmYyLankñúgkar
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RtwmEt US$700 Etb:ueNÑaH327
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cMNayeRbg b¤GaharsRmab;GñkdMeNIrmñak; nigGñkkarBarBIrnak;
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kñúgmYys)aþh_ b¤RbmaN US$1.2 lan erogral;qñaM .
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karrwbGUseQIedayPñak;garGnuvtþc,ab; . Lanrbs;kgBltUc
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. RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr
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CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
87ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
buKÁlikrbs; hak; em:A bBa¢ak;fa BYkeKdwkeQITUTaMgRbeTs
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RksYgbrisßan m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI nigkgraCGavuFhtß . RkumTaMg
enH BImunFøab;XMuLankgBltUcelx 70 EdldwkeQIkab;xusc,ab;
ehIy hak; em:A Føab;CYbkarBi)akkñúgkarFanakaredaHElgrbs;
BYkeK 312
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srubmkeTaHy:agNak¾eday krNITaMgenH KWCakarelIk
ElgCaCagc,ab; ehIykgBltUcelx 70 eFIVGaCIvkmµelIekrþ×
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epSgeTot b¤mnusStampøÚvk¾eday331
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EdlRtUv)ansmÖasn_eday Global Witness kñúgRsukBIrenA
CayRkugPñMeBjtampøÚvqøgkat;CaRbcaMrbs;k,ÜnkgBltUcelx
70 )an[dwgfa Lanrbs; hak; em:A )anb:HCamYyGñkCiHm:UtU
b¤GñkefµIreCIgenAeBlmYycMnYn . b:UlIsbBa¢ak;fa kgBltUc
elx 70 pþl;sMNgdl;CnrgrbYsedaybg;[cMnYn US$50-
US$150 nigbg;[RKYsarrbs;GñkEdlsøab;rvagBI US$100 nig
US$300 . eBlxøHBYkeKRKan;Etpþl;[b:UlIscMnYn US$100
ehIyR)ab;BYkeK[edaHRsaybBaðaCMnYsGgÁPaB332
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RbPBmYyCitsñiTi§nwgkgBltUcelx 70 )anraykarN_fa
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)aj;RbharkñúgextþekaHkug333
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epþatkarykcitþTukdak; EdlnaMeTAkan;skmµPaBrbs;kgBltUc
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bBaÄb;kan;Gav uFkñ úgGMLúgeBlRbtibtþ ikardwkCBa¢ Únrbs;
BYkeK333
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kñúgEx mina edIm,IesñIsMueyabl;rbs;Kat;cMeBaHkarGHGagenH .
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tbeT .
3>1 karnaMecj
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness )anrkeXIjfa
kgBltUcelx 70 Bak;B½n§minRtwmEtkñúgkarEckcayeQIkab;
xusc,ab;kñúgRbeTskm<úCab:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgkñúgkarnaMecjcMnYn
d¾eRcIneTAkan;evotNameTotpg . edayeyagtamm®nþIkñúgextþ
kNþal nigéRBEvg )an[dwgfa eQIEdldwkCBa¢Úneday hak; em:A
Cajwkjab; kat;tamGñkelOg EdlCakMBg;pgtamdgTenø
emKgÁ 199
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muneBlRtUv)anpÞúkkñúgTUkFM² EdldwkqøgRBMEdnenAcMNucEqkeqr
k¥msMNr . TUkTaMgenHeFVIdMeNIrrbs;BYkeKeTAkan;evotNam
CaRkumrvagBI BIr nigbYneRKOg erogral;mYys)aþh_eTAdb;éf¶ Edl
TUknimYy²dwk)aneQIy:agehacNas; 400m3 334
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eTot Lanrbs; hak; em:A tRmg;edaypÞal;tamry³GñkelOg
tampøÚvCatielx 1 eTAkan;RBMEdn edayqøgkat;enA)avit . kar
dwkeQIeTAkan;RBMEdntampøÚv CaFmµtamBak;B½n§nwgkareRbIR)as;
lixitGnuBaØatEdlcuHhtßelxaedaym®nþIzan³x<s;335
.
m®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 mñak;EdlsmÖasn_eday Global
Witness )anniyayfa kgBlenHminRtwmEtdwkeQIeTAkan;evot-
Nam b:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgnaMecjtamkugETn½rdwkeQItamry³kMBg;
EpsmuTÞ tamsmuTÞPaKxagt,Úgrbs;RbeTskm<úCaeTotpg336
.
GaCIvkrBIrnak;Edlpþl;esvakmµdl;Rkum hak; em:A k¾)anR)ab;
Global Witness337
GMBIskmµPaBenHEdr . r)aykarN_epSg²
TaMgenH bBa¢ak;bEnßmelIkarGHGagedaym®nþIEdleFIVkarenAkMBg;
Ep]kj:am:ugkñúgextþekaHkug . m®nþIkMBg;EpTaMgenH)anR)ab;
Global Witness BYkeKRtUv)anraraMgBIkarBinitüemIlkugETn½r
EdlbiTe)aHRtamYycMnYnEdlepJIedaykgBltUcelx 70 EtRtUv
)anR)ab; edayGñkebIkbrfa mYycMnYnmankþarbnÞH sgðarwmeQI
RbNit nigkMNat;eQIelx I 338
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Witness )anrkeXIjLandwkkugETn½rdwkCBa¢ÚnbiTe)aHRta Edl
ecjBIedb:Urbs;kgBlelx 70 cMnYnBIr enAelIpøÚvelx 2002
EtminGacBinitüemIlBIGVIEdlmanenAxagkñúgrbs;LaneLIy .
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cm,gdl;GPiCneQIFM²EdlmanTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§iCamYy
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dUcxageRkam ³
DI cUc/ esg Kag/ Xun fug nig esg kukh‘ag
dUcerobrab;kñúgCMBUk II rYcmkehIy esvakmµdwkCBa¢Únrbs;
kgBltUcelx 70 KWCasmasPaBd¾sMxan;mYyénskmµPaB
kab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs;RkumenHkñúgéRBLg; . esg kukh‘ag
GñkRKb;RKgRbtibtþikarrbs;Rkum xøÜnKat; KWCam®nþIkgBltUc
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TTYl)ankñúgRtBaMgsVayCayRkugPñMeBj339
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éx Narin 340
éx Narin RKb;RKgeragcRkGareQItampøÚvCatielx 5
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]sSahkmµeQIfaCaédKUCitsñiT§irbs; DI cUc341
. RsbCamYy
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
88 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
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SGS EdlRtUv)aneFVI[GacTTYl)anCasaFarN³pgEdr .} 169
kñúgEx emsa qñaM 2005 GñkesuIbGegátrbs; Global
Witness )aneTAkan;eragcRkGareQImþgeTot ehIy)aneXIjfa
RtUv)anerobsþúkTuky:agl¥ nUveQIRbNitEdlTTYlkarkarBar
cMnYn 100m3 (ebg nignagnYn) k¾dUcCaRbePTBUCkRmitelx I
nigelx II pgEdr . Lanrbs;kgBltUcelx 70 cMnYnBIrRtUv
)aneXIjfa kMBugTmøak;karpÁt;pÁg;eQIbEnßmeTot . BIr-bIs)aþh_
eRkaymk Global Witness )aneXIjLanmYyénLandUcKñaenH
(pøakelx x>m 0.5314) kñúgextþkMBg;FM eFIVdMeNIrtam {pøÚvlM
h‘un Esn} - pøÚvEdldwkeQI Edl)ankab;xusc,ab;eRcInbMputkñúg
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Global Witness fa Lanrbs;kgBltUcelx 70 mkdak;eQI
enAeragcRkenH CamFümbIdgkñúgmYys)aþh_343
. kñúgGMLúgeBl
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éx Narin . ry³eBlCagbYnqñaMkñúgkarhamR)amkarkab; nigkar
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CitsñiT§irbs; b‘un ra:nI Priya h‘un Esn ehIyeTAeRkARbeTsCa
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Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Company Rkumh‘unrbs;Kat; RtUv)an
raykñúgbBa¢ ICam©as;sþúkeQIkñúgTMrIgkñúgEpnkardwkCBa¢ ÚneQI
qñaM 2003 EdlerobcMedayRkumh‘un Colexim Enterprise161
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eragcRkGareQIrbs; éx Narin kMBugEkécñeQImanRbPBminRsb
c,ab; nig)anraykarN_BIkrNIenHeTAkan;GñkRtYtBinitüÉkraCüfµI
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b:ueNÑaH342
. Global Witness )ansresreTAkan; SGS kñúg
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enH . SGS )aneqøIytbdUcxageRkamenH ³
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yamenaHeLIy . sUm,IEtdUecñHk¾eday Rkum SGS )anniyay
CamYyGñkPUmikñúgtMbn; ehIyGacbegáIt)anfa karkab;eQIxus
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GFikarkic©naeBleRkayeTAelIeragcRkBITenøkñúgEx mkra nig
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bEnßmeTotkMBugRtUv)andwkCBa¢Ún b¤skmµPaBeragcRkkMBugekIt
manenaHeT . ehtukarN_enH RtUv)anraykarN_y:ageBjelj
karsVaKmn_y:agkk;ekþAenAeragcRkGareQI éx Narin Ex FñÚ qñaM 2003
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
89ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
smaCikKNbkSRbCaCncab;BIqñaM 2006 . Rkumh‘un Pheapimex
KWCaRkumh‘unmYykñúgcMeNamRkumh‘unmYycMnYntUc Edlman
TMnak;TMngCamYy h‘un Esn EdledIrtYCaédKUbNþak;TunrYmKña
CamYyRkumh‘uncind¾manGMNac Edlmkkan;RbeTskm<úCa .
Rkumh‘unkRmeXIjbNþak;Tund¾eRcInkñúgRkumh‘unédKUenHedayxøÜn
ÉgNas;345
.
kñúgRbeTskm<úCa eQµaHRkumh‘un Pheapimex manGtßn½y
esµInwgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigkñúgry³eBlTsvtSr_knøgeTAenH
Global Witness )anbgðajPsþútagCabnþbnÞab;BIRkumh‘unkab;
eQIxusc,ab;TaMgkñúg nigeRkAsm,TaneQITaMgbIrbs;xøÜn . cab;
taMgBIkarbBaÄb;Rbtibtþikarsm,TaneQIkñúgqñaM 2002 sm,Tan
enAextþkMBg;FMrbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex )ankøayCamNÐl
RbtibtþikareragcRkGareQIxusc,ab; EdlRKb;RKgedaykg
ÉkPaBeyaFa nigGñkem:AkarmYykñúgcMeNamGñkem:AkarCaeRcIn
rbs;Rkumh‘un346
. Global Witness )ane)aHBum<lMGitBI
skmµPaBTaMgenHkñúgEx mifuna qñaM 2004 . eBlEdlRkumh‘un
Pheapimex min)aneFVIkarGFib,ayGVI naykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn
)anvayRbharCasaFarN³elIr)aykarN_enH edayR)ab;Gñk
kaEstfa {Global Witness )anPUtkuhkkalBImun ehIyéf¶enH
BYkeKkMBugkuhkmþgeTotehIy .}347
Rkumh‘un PheapimexmanplRbeyaCn_CaeRcInepSgeTot
eRkABIéRBeQI . TaMgenHrYmman GMbilGuIy:Ud EdlrdæaPi)al)an
pþl;PaBpþac;mux[Rkumh‘unkarcRmaj;Er:Edk kardaMbJsSI karnaMcUl
»sf nigsMNg;sNæaKar348
. kñúgqñaMfµI²enH Rkumh‘un)anepþat
kan;EtxøaMgeTAelIsm,TandIesdækic© (ELCs) ehIymankar
RKb;RKgedayEpñk b¤TaMgmUly:agehacNas;cMnYnR)aM349
.
tamry³sm,TandIesdækic© nigsm,TaneQIrbs;xøÜn Rkumh‘un
Pheapimex RKb;RKgépÞdIcMnYn 7.4% énépÞdIsrubrbs;RbeTs
km<úCa350
.
bIkñúgcMeNamsm,TandIesdækic©rbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex
KWCakarbNþak;TunrYmKñaCamYyRkumh‘uncin Wuzhishan LS nig
Kg; RTIv EdlCaesdæImñak;epSgeTot EdlCaRBwT§smaCiksRmab;
KNbkSRbCaCnpgEdr351
. BIrénsm,TanTaMgenH kñúgextþ
eBaFisat; nigmNÐlKIrI KWCarUbPaBénkarbMBansiT§imnusSd¾F¶n;F¶r
RbqaMgnwgRbCaCnmUldæan352
. bnÞab;BIGñktva:R)aMbInak;RbqaMg
nwgsm,TandIesdækic©rbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex-Wuzhishan
kñ úgextþeBaFisat; RtUv)anrgrbYskñúgkarvayRbhareday
RKab;Ebk edayGñkvayRbharEdlminsÁal;mux kñúgEx vicäika
qñaM 2004 RBHmhakSRt neratþm sIhmunI )ansresrlixit
LankgBltUcelx 70 enAeragcRkGareQI éx Narin Ex emsa qñaM 2005
eragcRkGareQIxusc,ab;kñúgsm,TaneQIextþkMBg;FMrbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex
Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
90 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
mYyc,ab;eTAkan;naykrdæm®nþI edIm,IbgðajkarRBYy)armÖrbs;
RBHGgÁ . kñ úgkareqø Iytbrbs;Kat;eTAkan;RBHmhakSRt
h‘un Esn )ankarBarRkumh‘un edayniyayfa {karvayRbhar
edayRKab;Ebk KWRKan;EtmanbMNgbenÞasrdæaPi)al b¤GaCJaFr
mUldæan edaysareyagtamkarBinitülkçN³bec©keTs eday
m®nþImansmtßkic© eKalbMNgénkarvayRbharedayRKab;Ebk
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KWRKan;EtmanbMNgeXasnasemøgrbs;BYkeK[kan;EtxøaMg
b:ueNÑaH .} 353
kñúgqñaM 2004 GñkesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness )an
rkeXIjRkumLaneyaFaBN’ébtgFMmYy EdldUceTAnwgLan
TaMgLay EdleRbIedaykgBltUcelx 70 dwkeQIkab;BIkñúg
sm,TandIesdækic©rbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex-Wuzhishan kñúg
extþeBaFisat;354
. kñúgqñaM 2005 mñak;kñúgcMeNamkUnecArbs;
hak; em:A )anR)ab; Global Witness fa yayPU )aneRbIR)as;
esvakmµdwkCBa¢Únrbs;kgBltUcelx 70 y:ageRcIn355
.
kñúgkarBRgIkGMNacGaCIvkmµrbs;xøÜnbEnßmeTot Rkumh‘un
Pheapimex )anRbkasCasaFarN³kñúg Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 fa xøÜn
nwgbegáItkarbNþak;TunrYmKñaCamYyRkumh‘uncin Jiangsu Taihu
International edIm,IbegáIttMbn;esdækic©Biess EdlmanTMhM
178 hiktafµImYy Ek,rRkugRBHsIhnu356
. Rkumh‘un Pheapimex
)anbBa¢ak;fa Rkumh‘unTaMgBIrnwgcMNay US$ 1 Ban;landuløar
GPivDÆn_tMbn;enH357
. edaysßiteRkamc,ab;RbeTskm<úCa
Rkumh‘unEdlbegáIttMbn;esdækic©Biess RtUv)anpþl;[nUvkarmin
ykBn§R)aMbYnqñaM k¾dUcCakarelIkElgGakrelItémøbEnßm nig
Bn§naMcUl nignaMecj358
. m®nþICnCaticinmkBIextþ Jiangsu
)anR)ab;GñkkaEstfa kic©RBmeRBogrbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex
ekIteLIgBIkareTAkan;RbeTscineday h‘un Esn359
. Global -
Witness mindwgfa etIrdæaPi)albegáItkaredjéføCasaFarN³
sRmab;siT§icMeBaHsm,TantMbn;esdækic©BiessenHEdr b¤Gt;enaH
eT ehIymindwgfa etIlkçN³vinicä½yGVIxøH EdlxøÜn)aneRbIR)as;
edIm,IvaytémøsMeNIrbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex enaHeLIy .
kñúgEx mkra qñaM 2007 h‘un Esn )anpþl;[ yayPU nUv
emday mhaesrIvDÆ - CaeRKOg\sSriyspþl;[buKÁlEdl
)anrYmcMENky:agFMeFgcMeBaHkarGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa360
.
ExeRkaymk Rkumh‘un Pheapimex )anelcecjenAcMkNþal
kic©RBmeRBogmYyepSgeTot EdlBak;B½n§dl;cMENkRTBüsm,tþi
saFarN³d¾mantémømYy . enAéf¶TI 6 Ex kumÖ³ GPi)alRkugPñMeBj
Ekb Cutim:a )ancuHhtßelxapþl;dItMbn;bwgkk; 133 hikta
sßitelIkarCYlEdlGacbnþCafµIry³eBl 99 qñaM eTA[Rkumh‘un
EdleKminsUvsÁal;c,as; In Shukaku Edlnaykrbs;Rkumh‘un
KW eLA em:gXin sVamIyayPU 361
. kgkmøaMgkargarsiT§ipÞHsEm,g
EdlCakarrYmKñaénGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alkñúgRsuk nigGnþrCati
nigmCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa (CCHR) raykarN_fa tMbn;enH
KWCapÞHrbs;RKYsary:agehacNas; 4,252RKYsar . edayeyag
tamGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al)an[dwgfa KµanRbCaCnNamñak;kñúg
cMeNamenH RtUv)anBieRKaHeyabl;GMBIkic©RBmeRBogenHeT362
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RtatamdanGñkRkrbs; eLA em:gXin naykrbs;Rkumh‘un
In Shukaku enHnwgeFVI[mankarpøas;kEnøgEtmYyd¾FMbMputrbs;
yayPU rkSarUbragxageRkA
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
91ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
RbCaCnkñúgRbeTskm<úCa cab;taMgBIkareFVIÉkCnPavUbnIykmµdI
kñúgqñaM 1989 .} 362
karkab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex )anlYc
RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³d¾mantémørbs;RbCaCnkm<úCa ehIy Global-
Witness )aneFVIbNþwgsRmab;kat;eTasRkumh‘un nigdkecj
BIsm,Tanrbs;xøÜnmþgehIy mþgeTot . skmµPaBepSgeTot
rbs;Rkumh‘un k¾)anbgáeRKaHfñak;kan;EtxøaMgeTAelIkarciBa©wmCivit
rbs;RbCaCnExµrFmµtapgEdr . minfaEttamkarbg;Bn§Edlbg;
b¤kargarEdlbegáItenaHeT manPsþútagtictYcEdlfa karRbKl;
RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³d¾mantémø[Rkumh‘un Pheapimex )an
cUlrYmcMENkkñúgkarGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCatamviFINamYyenaH .
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rbs;BYkeK )anTTYlR)ak;cMeNjy:ageRcIn . eTaHy:agNak¾eday
cm¶l;fa etIehtuGVI h‘un Esn bnþkarpSBVpSayy:agxøaMgrbs;Kat;
cMeBaHplRbeyaCn_rbs;Rkumh‘un Pheapimex enAEtminTan;)an
eqøIy . kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 )ansresreTAkan;naykrdæm®nþI
nigPriyarbs;Kat; edIm,IsYrBYkeKfa etIBYkeKmanPaKh‘unpÞal;xøÜn
kñúgRkumh‘un Pheapimex b¤Gt; . mkTl;nwgr)aykarN_e)aHBum<
TaMg h‘un Esn b¤ b‘un ra:nI min)aneqøIytbcMeBaHlixitTaMgenH
enAeLIyeT .
Ec ELn 363
Ec ELn KWCaPriyaembBa¢akarT½BeCIgTwk ywm sar:n
kµÜyRbusRbFanRBwT§sPa nigRbFanKNbkSRbCaCn Ca suIm364
.
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rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT enAeBlEdlKat;min)aneFVItamtRmUvkar
rbs;Kat;364
.
Global Witness )anrkeXIjPsþútagBIkarBak;B½n§rbs;
Ec ELn kñúgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;eBleFVIkaresuIbGegátrbrTuc©rit
eFVITUkkñúgqñaM 2004 . kare)akbeBaäatedaymankarécñRbDitenH
Bak;B½n§nwgkare)akR)as;RBHsgÇ[cuHhtßelxaelIlixitbBa¢ak;
fa vtþrbs;RBHGgÁRtUvkaredImKKIrFM² edIm,IeFVITUkRbNaMg ehtuenH
BYkeKGacRbkYtRbECgkñúgkarRbNaMgTUknabuNüGMuTUkRbcaMqñaM
kñúgRkugPñMeBj)an365
. edaykarFanaelIhtßelxarbs;RBHGgÁ
Ec ELn nigGñkCYsCulepSgeTot )anbgðajlixitenHeTAkan;
m®nþICan;x<s; nigbBa©úHbBa©ÚlBYkeK[cuHhtßelxaelIlixitGnuBaØat
[kab;edImKKIr . bnÞab;mk GñkCYsCul)aneRbIR)as;ÉksarTaMg
enHCaelskab;eQIkñúgtMbn;GPirkSCIvcRmuHsImakñúgextþmNÐl-
KIrI ehIylk;eQIeTA[QµÜjeQI 366
. RBHsgÇEdlmansMNag
CaeRcIn )anTTYlcMENktUcmYyéneQIEdl)ansnüaBIdMbUg Gñk
epSgeTot TTYl)ansuIm:g;b:unµan)av ehIyxøHmin)anBJdMNwgBI
GñkCYsCulmþgeToteT 365
. Global Witness )anTTYlsMeNA
cmøglixit niglixitGnuBaØatBak;B½n§nwgkrNITaMgenHy:ageRcIn .
yayPU TTYlemdaymhaesrIvDÆ
GPi)alRkugPñMeBj Ekb Cutima
karGUseQI KKIr Edl)ankab;rMlMxusc,ab;ecjBItMbn;GPirkSCIvcRmuHsIma Ex tula qñaM 2003
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
92 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
BaNiC¢kreQIEdl)ansmÖasn_eday Global Witness
kñúgqñaM 2004 )andak;eQµaH Ec ELn faCaGñksMEdgd¾sMxan;kñúg
karkab;RbePTBUCeQIRbNit EdlRtUv)ankarBarCMuvijGnøg;Evg
nigRtBaMgR)asaT tamRBMEdnPaKxageCIgRbeTskm<úCa CamYy
RbeTséf¶367
. RbPBTaMgenH )anerobrab;Kat;faCYlkgBltUc
elx 70 [dwkeQIRCug nigeQIGareTAkan;GñkelOg EdlCa
kMBg;EpTenøkñúgextþéRBEvg nigcMNucqøgkat;sMxan;²sRmab;kar
dwkeQIeTAkan;evotNam . ehtukarN_TaMgenH RtUv)anbBa¢ak;
edaysmaCikCan;x<s;rbs;kmøaMgkarBarenAGñkelOg Edlman
TMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§iCamYyGaCIvkmµeQIpgEdr368
.
eQI KKIr enARcaMgTenø Ek,reragcRkGareQI hak; eLg nig esom TUc Ex kBaØa qñaM 2003
hak; eLg
369 nig esom TUc 370
hak; eLg nig esom TUc manRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµeQI
Edl)anbegáIteLIgd¾yUrGEgVgmkehIyenAGñkelOg Edlman
eragcRkGareQI nigXøaMgy:agehacNas;mYy371
. BImun
Global Witness )anbgðajPsþútagBIkarBak;B½n§rbs;BYkeKkñúg
rbrTuc©rit {eQIKKIrsRmab;RBHsgÇ} dUc)anbgðajxagelI 366
.
smaCikCan;x<s;mñak;rbs;kmøa Mgsnþ isuxenAGñkelOg
)anR)ab; Global Witness fa hak; eLg nig esom TUc EtgEt
sRmbsRmYlkardwkCBa¢ÚneQIRbNitkab;xusc,ab;CamYyRkum
hak; em:A ehIypþl;kEnøgsþúkbeNþaHGasnñsRmab;eQIenAkñúg
karsagsg;TUkBIeQI KKIr enAeragcRkGareQI hak; eLg nig esom TUc Ex kBaØa qñaM 2006
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
93ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
Rkug . m®nþIenHbBa¢ak;fa GñkTaMgBIrk¾Ca]bkrN_kñúgkardwkCBa¢Ún
eQIRbPBminRsbc,ab;tamTenøeTAkan;evotNampgEdr368
.
édKUrbs; esom TUc mñak;erobrab;fa Kat;CamitþPkþiTaMg
b‘un ra:nI Priya h‘un Esn nigRKYsar]tþmesnIy_ Kn; KIm
RbFanxuTÞkal½y h‘un Esn372
. RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr
hak; eLg RtUv)anraykarN_fabg;R)ak;CaRbcaM[ eKOg vNѳ373
b¥Únéførbs; Kn; KIm EdlCam®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIextþ edIm,IFana
karkarBarrbs;Kat;elIGaCIvkmµrbs;GñkTaMgBIr . edayeyagtam
RbCaCnCaeRcInenAGñkelOg Edl Global Witness )ansmÖasn_
kñúgEx kBaØa qñaM 2006 )an[dwgfa hak; eLg naeBlfµI²enH
RtUv)anpþl;garkitþiysCa ]kj:a375
.
s‘an lagQun k¾RtUv)ansÁal;faCa yay Qun pgEdr376
yay Qun KWCamñak;kñúgcMeNamGñkkab;eQIxusc,ab;Edl
mansñaédbMputkñúgEb:k\sanRbeTskm<úCa . Kat;manskmµPaB
CaBiesskñúgextþRkecH nigmNÐlKIrI ehIydwkCBa¢ÚneQIrbs;Kat;
CaeRcIneTAkan;GñkelOg b¤evotNam377
. Global Witness
)ankMBugRbmUlB½t’manBIskmµPaBrbs; yay Qun ry³eBlCag
R)aMqñaMenH . m®nþICaeRcInraykarN_fa karBak;B½n§rbs;Kat;kñúg
BaNiC¢kmµeQIxusc,ab; manCagmYyTsvtSr_mkehIy335
.
kñúgqñaM 2001 bnÞab;BIkarcat;viFankarN_bBaÄb;bTelµIs
éRBeQIkñúgextþmNÐlKIrI kalBIqñaMmun yay Qun )anTTYllixit
GnuBaØatRbmUleQI Edlm®nþI)anGHGagfa Gñkkab;eQIxusc,ab;
)anTukecalBRgaykñúgéRB378
. karpþl;[lixitGnuBaØatenH pÞúy
nwgesckþIRbkasqñaM 1999 rbs; h‘un Esn sþIBIkMENTRmg;vis½y
éRBeQI EdlhamR)amkarGnuBaØatRbmUleQIcas;² edaysarEt
kareRbIxusCabnþbnÞab;rbs;BYkeK CakarbiT)aMgkarkab;eQIxus
c,ab; . kñúgqñaM 2003 can; sarun )anGnuBaØat[ yay Qun begáIt
eragcRkGareQIenARsukGUrraMg extþmNÐlKIrI edIm,IEkécñ {eQI
cas;²}379
. yay Qun )anbnþeRbIR)as;lixitGnuBaØatTaMgenH
CaelssRmab;karkab;eQIxusc,ab; nigEkécñeQIrab;ryedIm
BItMbn;GPirkSCIvcRmuHsIma extþmNÐlKIrI kñúgqñaM 2004380
.
kñúgEx ]sPa qñaM 2004/ Global Witness )ane)aHBum<
r)aykarN_xøImYy Edlerobrab;BIkrNIkab;eQIxusc,ab;bIeday
yay Qun ³ karkab;kñúgtMbn;GPirkSCIvcRmuHsIma karRbmUlpl
edayxusc,ab;kñúgtMbn;CRmk stVéRBsñÜl kñúgextþRkecH nigkar
kab;rMlMxusc,ab;CaeRcIneTotkñúgéRB kñúgRsuksñÜl xageRkARBMEdn
CRmkstVéRB . kñúgGMLúgcugRbtibtþikarTaMgenH mYykñúgcMeNam
Lan EdldwkeQIrbs; yayPU )anFøak;BIelIs<anrdæ Ek,rTIrYmRsuk
sñÜl381
. m®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 )anR)ab; Global Witness fa
k,ÜnenH rYmmanLanpþl;eday hak; em:A EtfaLanEdlFøak;BIelI
s<anCarbs; yay Qun . m®nþIenaH)anniyayfa yay Qun CYl
hak; em:A CaRbcaM[dwkeQIrbs;Kat;rvagBIqñaM 2002 nig 2004
yay Qun
karkab;eQIxusc,ab;eday yay Qun kñúgtMbn;GPirkSCIvcRmuHsIma
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
94 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
b:ul saerOn
b:ul saerOn Ca
GKÁembBa¢akarT½Brbs;
RbeTskm<úCa . eday
eyagtamm®nþIkñúgkgBl
tUcelx 70 nigGgÁPaB
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rvagBIqñaM 2003 nig
2005 ]tþmesnIy_)an
cuHkic©snüaCamYy hak;
em:A edIm,IpÁt;pÁg;[Kat;
nUveQIRbNitEdlRtUv)ankarBar nigeQIkRmitelx 1 edIm,I
sagsg;pÞHkñúgextþsVayerog388
. b:ul saerOn )anpþl;[
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dwkCBa¢ÚneQI eTaHbICaKµansiT§iRsbc,ab;eFVIdUecñHk¾eday .
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eday DI cUc . kgBltUcelx 70 RtUv)anraykarN_fa
naMecjeQIenHRbmaN 80%eTAkan;evotNam388
.
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)anbegáIteLIgedaykarbMpøajs<ankñúgRsuksñÜl382
.
bnÞab;mkGñkenAxagkñúgGaCIvkmµeQI)anR)ab; Global-
Witness fa yay Qun minsb,aycitþedaykarbgðajCasaFarN³
nUvskmµPaBrbs;Kat; BIeRBaHmann½yfa Kat;RtUvbg;sMNUkkan;
EteRcInCagFmµta edIm,IbBa©úHbBa©Úl[m®nþIbiTEPñk383
. eTaH
y:agNak¾eday karcMNaybEnßmminkat;pþac;GaCIvkmµrbs;Kat;
CanirnþenaHeT . minyUrb:unµanbnÞab;BI Global Witness )anecj
pSayr)aykarN_rbs;xøÜn yay Qun RtUv)aneXIjfaeTAkan;
kariyal½yrdæ)aléRBeQI (FA) kñúgRkugPñMeBj CYbCamYy
Ca sMGag GnuRbFan384
nigcakecjCamYysMNMulixitGnuBaØat
dwkeQIfµImYy385
. Ca sMGag EdlCanaykKeRmagénKeRmag
sakl,gkarRKb;RKg nigRtYtBinitüsm,TanéRBeQIrbs;
FnaKarBiPBelak )anbdiesFBnül;BIskmµPaBrbs;Kat;eTA
kan;GñkkaEst Edl)anTUrs½BÞsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat; .
eTaHy:agNak¾eday TI suKn§ RbFanrdæ)aléRBeQI )anRbkasfa
lixitGnuBaØatenH RtwmRtUvtamc,ab;386
.
Global Witness )anTTYlB½t’manBIRbPBCaeRcInkñúgtMbn;
sñÜlfa yayQun kMBugbnþdwkCBa¢ÚneQIkab; xusc,ab;BIextþRkecH
eTAkan;GñkelOg rvagBIEx kkáda nigEx kBaØa qñaM 2006387
.
]tþmesnIy_ b:ul saerOn
LantUc EdleRbIR)as;edaykgBltUcelx 70 edIm,IdwkCBa¢ÚnEckcayTMnijkñúgRkugPñMeBj
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
95ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
nigplitplTuksRmab;pSarTMenIb rYmman kaer:mCaedIm393
.
hak; em:A RKb;RKgkardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijTaMgenH ecjBIedb:UkñúgPñMeBj
rYmTaMgmYykñúgcMeNambrievNelIpøÚvelx 2002 pgEdr394
.
edayeyagtamTahan nigRbCaCnmUldæan)an[dwgfa kgBl
tUcelx 70 dwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij dUcCa eRKOgRsvwg TwkGb; Gahar
RbNitkñúgRkugPñMeBj edayeRbIR)as;kgLandwkkaer:mtUc² nig
LandwkePsC¢³395
. GñkesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness )anrk
eXIjRbePTrfynþTaMgenH cUl nigecjBIedb:UtampøÚvelx 2002
EtminGacRtYtBinitüemIlGVIEdlmankñúgenaHrbs;BYkeK)aneT .
etInrNaCYl hak; em:A dwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijrt;Bn§ ? m®nþIKy
Edl)ansmÖasn_eday Global Witness )anbBa¢ak;fa GtifiCn
rbs;ePJóvrYmmanm®nþICan;x<s; nigRKYsarrbs;BYkeK . kñúgcMeNam
enH BYkeK)ancg¥úlbgðajPriyarbs;rdæm®nþIRksYgkarBarCati
eTo )aj;396
nigb¥ÚnRbusrbs;Kat; eTo vij397
EdlCaembBa¢akar
T½BeCIgTwkkñúgextþekaHkug 398
. bursTaMgBIrenH manRbvtþiBak;B½n§
kñúgkarnaMecjeQIxusc,ab; 399
.
m®nþIKydEdlenH k¾)anecaTpgEdrfa hak; em:A kMBugdwk
plitplrt;Bn§sRmab;esdæI nigRkumh‘unl,IeQµaHbMputrbs;RbeTs
km<úCamYycMnYnpgEdr398
. karbBa¢ak;enH RtUv)anniyayCafµI
edayRbPBmYyCitsñiT§inaykrdæm®nþI Edl)anR)ab; Global
Witness fa karrt;Bn§KyPaKeRcInbMputEdlkgBltUcelx 70
)andwkCBa¢Ún KWCarbs;Rkumh‘un Attwood Import Export
Company39
. Rkumh‘un Attwood RtUv)anerobrab;kñúgRbGb;
TI 17 . Global Witness )ansresreTAkan; eTo )aj;/ eTo vij
nigRkumh‘un Attwood kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IsYrfaetIBYk
eKFøab;cuHbBa¢InUvesvakmµrbs;kgBltUcelx 70 Edrb¤Gt; .
mkTl;nwgr)aykarN_enHe)aHBum< KµannrNamñak;kñúgcMeNamBYk
eK)aneqøIytbenaHeT .
RBab tan; 389
RBab tan; KWCaGPi)alextþRBHvihar . edayeyagtam
RbPBmYykñúgkgBltUcelx 70 )an[dwgfa kñ úgEx kkáda
qñaM 2006 Kat;)an[ hak; em:A dwkeQIKKIr 185 edIm BITItaMgbI
kñúgextþRBHviharmkkan;PñMeBj314
.
BImun Global Witness )anTTYlÉksarEdl)ancuH
htßelxaeday RBab tan; nig huIg b‘unehog embBa¢akar
kgGgÁrkS h‘un Esn Bak;B½n§karTTYl)aneQIBIextþRBHvihar
sRmab;karsagsg;TUkcMnYnbYn . huIg b‘unehog )anerobrab;BI
Tukfa sRmab; {skmµPaBkgGgÁrkS eFVIebskkmµsRmab;nayk
rdæm®nþI nigPriyarbs;Kat; >>> nigEckGMeNaydl;GñkPUmikñúg
extþEdlrgeRKaHedayeRKaHmhnþrayFmµCati 390
} . Global -
Witness mindwgfa etITUkBitCaRtUv)ansagsg;eLIg ehIy
RbsinebIdUecñHEmn etIeQIenHmanRbPBmkBINa .
GgÁrkSpÞal;rbs; RBab tan; k¾hak;dUcCamanRbeyaCn_
kñúgvis½yéRBeQIenHEdr . kñúgEx kBaØa qñaM 2004 buKÁlikrdæ)al
éRBeQIkñúgRsukEt,gmanC½y kñúgextþRBHvihar )anbiTCabeNþaH-
GasnñnUvkariyal½yrbs;xøÜn edayniyayfa GgÁrkSrbs;
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BIeQImYycMnYn . edayeyagtamrdæ)aléRBeQI)an[dwgfa
RBab tan; )anTTYlsÁal;fa GgÁrkSrbs;Kat;mankMhus ehIy
{)anGb;rMBYkeKmin[eFVIdUecñHmþgeToteT} .391
4> kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijrt;Bn§edaykgBltUcelx 70
cMNab;GarmµN_CadMbUgrbs; Global Witness cMeBaH
kgBltUcelx 70 Bak;B½n§nwgtYnaTIrbs;xøÜnkñúgBaNiC¢kmµeQI
minRsbc,ab;rbs;RbeTskm<úCa . eTaHy:agNak¾eday karesuIb
Gegátdl;kEnøg karGegátRsavRCav nigkarsmÖasn_CaeRcIn
CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 )anpþl;[nUvB½t’manbEnßm
sþIBIkardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijrt;Bn§rbs;GgÁPaBenH .
kgBltUcelx 70 elIkykTMnijrt;Bn§CMnYs[GtifiCn
rbs;xøÜn eBlEdlTMnijmkdl;RbeTskm<úCa . enHeFVI[GtifiCn
GaclYcBn§naMcUl . Bn§naMcUl KWCaRbPBcMNUlsMxan;xøaMgNas;
sRmab;rtnaKarRbeTskm<úCa EtGMeBIBukrlYyFanafa kRmitlYc
Bn§manx<s;xøaMgNas; . edayeyagtamr)aykarN_cMNucTI IV
naeBlfµI²bMputrbs;mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCatisþIBIkm<úCa)an[dwg
fa {karRbmUlcMNUlbnþeFVI)anl¥ eRkamGVIEdlRtUvkar edIm,IpÁt;
pÁg;eKaledAcMNayrbs;rdæaPi)al392
} . mþgmáal h‘un Esn
Rbkascat;viFankarN_bRgáabkarrt;Bn§ EtRbtibtþikardwkrbs;
eyaFa enAEtbnþCaGñkrévR)ak;d¾FMmYysRmab;TIRbwkSaCitsñiT§iKat;
mYycMnYn .
tamry³karsmÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 nig
GaCIvkr Global Witness GacbegáItrUbPaBTMnijCaeRcInEdl
GgÁPaBdwkCBa¢Ún . TaMgenH rYmman Rsaebor ePsC¢³ )arI TwkGb;
TMnijeGLicRtUnik smÖar³sMNg; semøókbMBak; sárs »sf eTo )aj; rdæm®nþIRksYgkarBarCati
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
96 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
Rkumh‘un Attwood Import Export Co., Ltd. KWCa
GñkEckcaypøÚvkarkñúgRbeTskm<úCanUvRsahuineNsuI nig
RsavIsÁI nigRsaebord¾l,IeQµaHCaeRcIn . lIm QIvhU400
naykRKb;RKgrbs;Rkumh‘un Attwood RtUv)anerobrab;eday
RbPBEdlmanTMnak;TMngl¥mYykñúgvis½yBaNiC¢kmµrbs;
RbeTskm<úCafa Camñak;kñúgcMeNambYnén®sþImanGMNac
neya)ayEdleFVIGaCIvkmµTaMgGs;Kña401
. smaCikbIepSg
eToténRkumenH KWRtUv)anniyayfaCa yayPU énRkumh‘un
Pheapimex PriyanaykKy nigrdæakr Eb:n suIm:n 402
nig
eTB bu)öaRbsiT§ i403
EdlerobkarCamYyrdæm®nþ IRksYg
BaNiC¢kmµ cm RbsiT§i 404
nigmantYnaTICaRbFanrdæ)alenA
RksYg401
. eTB bu)öaRbsiTi§ RtUv)anraykarN_faman
PaKh‘un 10% rbs;Rkumh‘un Attwood EdlCaPaKh‘unmYy
mantémø US$ 1 lan405
. kUnRsIrbs; lIm QIvhU
)anerobkarCamYynwgkUnRbusrbs; yayPU 401
.
Rkumh‘un Attwood )anTTYlsm,TanBIrdæaPi)al
[GPivDÆn_tMbn;esdækic©Biess (SEZs) cMnYnbIEk,rRkug
RBHsIhnu RkugPñMeBj nig)avit enAtamRBMEdnevotNam406
.
kic©RBmeRBogTaMgenH pþl;[Rkumh‘unnUvkarrYcBn§ nigkar
elIkElgBn§d¾eRcIn . Global Witness )ansresreTAkan;
lIm QIvhU kñ úg
Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm, IsYrBIv iF IEdl
Rkumh‘un Attwood
eF V I ed Im, ITT Yl)an
tMbn;esdækic©Biess
TaMgenH EtminTan;
)anTTYlkareqø Iy
tbenAeLIyeT .
RbGb;TI 17 ³ Rkumh‘un Attwood Import Export Co., Ltd.
B½t’manBITahankgBltUelx 70 )an[dwgfa GRtaEdl
hak; em:A TarsRmab;kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijrt;Bn§ Rbhak;RbEhl
GaceRbob)aneTAnwgGRtasRmab;kardwkeQIkab;xusc,ab; 407
.
eTaHy:agNak¾eday dUckñúgRbGb; 19 bgðajsRmab;TMnijéfø
Cak;lak;mYycMnYn témøGackan;Etéføx<s; .
smaCikmñak;rbs;buKÁlik hak; em:A )anR)ab; Global -
Witness fa cYnkalkgBltUcelx 70 dwkLandwksárstam
eCIgeKakBIRbeTséf tamRcke)a:yEb:t qøgkat;extþbnÞay
manC½y408
. GñkesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness )anrkeXIj
Lanrbs;kgBltUcelx 70 Edl)anpÞúkenaH qøgkat;RBMEdn
e)a:yEb:t kñúgqñaM 2006 b:uEnþminGacTTYl)anB½t’manGMBITMnij
GVIEdlBYkeKkMBugdwkenaHeT . eTaHy:agNak¾eday karGegát
RsavRCav nigkarsmÖasn_CaeRcIn)an[dwgfa cMNuccUlsMxan;
sRmab;TMnijrt;Bn§ EdlkgBltUcelx 70 dwkCBa¢Ún KWsmuTÞ
PaKxagt,Úgrbs;RbeTskm<úCa409
.
4>1 karrt;Bn§ tamkMBg;EpERsGMbil
kñúgdMNak;kaldMbUgénkardwkCBa¢Únrbs; hak; em:A CamYy
kgBltUcelx 70 karrwtBn§TMnijPaKeRcInbMput EdlRkumKat;
RKb;RKgcUlRbeTskm<úCatamry³kMBg;EpERsGMbil extþekaH-
kug410
. enATIenH kgBltUcelx 70 Tmøak;TMnijEdlmantémø
x<s;pÞúkeBjTUkEdlrt;Bn§BIRbeTséf KYr[kt;sMKal;)arI nig
eRKOgRsvwg maneQµaHCaGnþrCati nig)anm®nþIKyRtwmEt
5-15% énBn§KyEdlRtUvbg;b:ueNÑaH411
. hak; em:A )anR)ab;Gñk
Edl)ansYrsMNYrfa TMnijrt;Bn§enHCarbs; eTo )aj; nig
eTo vij412
.m®nþImUldæan)anrMBJkeLIgvijfa GPi)alRsukERs
GMbil )aneFVIkarxitxMRbwgERbg edIm,IkMeTcskmµPaBTaMgenH
Etmin)aneCaKC½y412
.
BIERsGMbil kgBltUcelx 70 )andwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijeTAkan;
PñMeBj b¤tamsmuTÞeTAkan;kMBg;EpRkugRBHsIhnu . TMnijEdl
)anepÞreTAkan;RkugRBHsIhnu bnÞab;mk RtUv)andak;kñúgkugETn½r
dwkCBa¢Ún nigRtUv)annaMecjvij413
. bnÞab;BIrdæRbharrbs;
h‘un Esn kñúgEx kkáda qñaM 1997 GaCIvkmµrbs; hak; em:A
enAERsGMbil RtUv)anBRgIk. kgBltUcelx 70 )ancab;epþIm
naMcUlTMnijrt;Bn§CabnþbnÞab; RsbeBlEdldwkCBa¢ÚneQIRbNit
eTAkan;TisedAepSgeTot414
.
RsbeBlEdlGaCIvkmµrbs; hak; em:A rIkeLIg Pñak;gar
epSgeTot )anerobcMEbgEckcMeNj edaybegáIt[mankarb:H
TgÁichigSay:agehacNas;mþg . m®nþImñak;EdlmanmUldæanenA
ERsGMbil)anerobrab;R)ab; Global Witness BIehtukarN_
EdlkñúgenaH RkumGnuvtþc,ab;rYmKñaénm®nþIKy b:UlIsesdækic© nig
kgraCGavuF )anraraMgLaneyaFaFM²bI edayBYkeKeTAkan;
PaKxageCIgBIERsGMbil412
. LankMBugdwk)arI vIsÁI nigRsa cm RbsiT§i Eb:n suIm:n
pÞaMgRbkasrbs;Rkumh‘unhineNsuI kñúgRkugPñMeBj
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
97ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
huineNsuI 415
ehIyRkumRckEqkeqr tRmUv[GñkebIkbrbg;sMNUk
[BYkeK . GñkebIkbrLan)anbdiesF edayniyayfa TMnijenH
Carbs; eTo )aj; nig eTo vij nigesdæIl,IeQµaH efg b‘unm:a416
.
karRbQmmuxKña)anekIteLIg . BIrem:ageRkaymk hak; em:A
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eK tamry³r)aMgcMNucEqkeqr . bnÞab;mk RkumTaMgBIrenH
)ancab;epþIm)aj;KñaeTAvijeTAmk m®nþIKy b:UlIs nigkgraC-
GavuFhtß)andkfy ehIyLanRtUv)anGUsecjeTA412
.
eday)anRbmUlpþúMRkumCafµI RkumGnuvtþc,ab;)anTak;Tg
embBa¢akareyaFPUmiPaK III edIm,IesñI[BYkeKcab;k,Ün kgBltUc
elx 70 eBlEdlk,Ün)anEbrk,altampøÚvCatielx 4 eq<aHmk
kan;PñMeBj . eTaHy:agNak¾eday EpnkarenH)anbraC½y
edaysarTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§irvag hak; em:A nigeyaFPUmiPaK
III . TIbBa©b; enAeBlEdlT½BeyaFPUmiPaK III )anmkdl;kEnøg
ekItehtu )andkhUtGavuFm®nþIcMNucEqkeqr CaCagKaMRTBYkeK .
bnÞab;mk smaCikmYycMnYnénRkumGnuvtþc,ab; RtUv)anbeNþjecj
BItMENgrbs;BYkeK412
. TMngCaedaysarPaBxøaMgéncMNucenH
nigehtukarN_RsedogKñaenHCaeRcIn EdlRbCaCnkñúgtMbn;)an
cab;epþImehAkgBltUcelx 70 faCaRkum {sam:Uér:} 417
.
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CaRTg;RTayFM ehIybþÚrkarykcitþTukdak;rbs;Kat; mkkan;kMBg;Ep
fµIrbs; m:ug bJTI§ enAPUmiEkvpus EdlenACitRkugRBHsIhnuCag 417
.
4>2 karrt;Bn§tamkMBg;Ep]kj:am:ug
m:ug bJT§ I )anniyayfa {Kµanr)aMgNamYyeToteLIy
rvagRbCaCatiTaMgLay >>> BiPBelak)ankøayeTACaTIpSar
d¾FMmYy .} 433
kMBg;Ep ]kj:am:ug KWCakarécñRbDit nigkarRKb;RKgGaCIvkmµ
pÞal;xøÜnrbs;esdæI nigRBwT§smaCikKNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCa m:ug -
bJT§I . edaymanTItaMgRtwmEt 45 KILÚEm:Rt BIkMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ
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mankarKaMRTy:agCak;EsþgBI h‘un Esn Edl)ansem<aFkñúg
Ex FñÚ qñaM 2004 nigehAfa CaviFIGPivDÆn_karRbkYtRbECgesdækic©
kan;EtFMeLIg² . eTaHbICamankarBüakrN_d¾emaTn³y:agenH
k¾eday mankarbgðajfa kMBg;EpenH KWCakareKcecjy:agman
RbsiT§iPaBBIrcnasm<½n§c,ab;pøÚvkar ehIyedIrtYCaRckpøÚvsRmab;
karrt;Bn§RTg;RTayFM .
enAeBlEdlkMBg;Ep]kj:a m:ug RtUv)anRbkasCaelIkdMbUg
eTAkan;RbB½n§pSBVpSaykñúgedImqñaM 2004 RtUv)anerobrab;fakMBug
erobcMKy b:UlIs nigkgraCGavuFhtßpÞal;xøÜn 434
. karerobrab;enH
GacmanlkçN³Cak;c,as;Nas; tamkarBitRbPBenAÉkMBg;Ep
niyayfa m®nþIKyRbmaN 15nak; EdlmanTItaMgenATIenaH
KWGaceqøIytb)anEtcMeBaH m:ug bJT§I nigRbEhlCamindak;
r)aykarN_mkkan;kariyal½yFMrbs;BYkeKkñúgRkugPñMeBjenaH
eLIy ebIBMuenaHeT luHRtaEtesdæIenaHGnuBaØatCamunsin435
.
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m:ug Pøam bnÞab;BIebIkeFVIGaCIvkmµ edaydwkTMnijeTA nigmkBI
PñMeBj . kgBltUcelx 70 k¾RtUv)andwgfa dwkCBa¢ÚnBIkMBg;Ep
]kj:am: ugtamsmuT ÞeTAkan ;k MBg;EpsmuT ÞRk ugRBHsIhnu
pgEdr435
.
kmµkrEp nigRbCaCnkñúgmUldæan )ankat;sMKal;eXIjman
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CBa¢ÚnbiTRtamYycMnYn EdlmnusSrbs; hak; em:A dwkCBa¢ÚnsRmab;
naMecjtamry³kMBg;Ep]kja:m:ug . edayRtUv)ansYreday
Global Witness faetIIBYkeKKitfamanGVIenAkñúgkugETn½rTaMgenH
kmµkrmYycMnYn)anniyayelgfa RbEhlCaman
GaePon b¤duløarEkøgkøay436
. lT§PaBEbbenH
RtUv)anTTYlykedaysmaCikmYycMnYnrbs;
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fñaMejón kMBugRtUv)aneFVICMnYjTUTaMgkMBg;Ep437
.
dUcenAERsGMbilBImunEdr mnusSrbs; hak;
em:A bg;[m®nþIKyenAkMBg;Ep]kj:am:ug minelIs
BI 5-15% énBn§EdlRtUvbg;enaHeLIy413
.
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TTYlykkarRBmeRBogd¾Gn;exSay Edlpþl;eday
smtßPaBbgáhigSarbs;kgBltUcelx 70 nig
karRbfuycMeBaHkarRtUv)anbeNþjecjeday
m:ug bJT§I RbsinebIBYkeKbgðajkarCMTas; 438
. kMBg;EpeRbIR)as;edaykgBltUcelx 70
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
98 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
m:ug bJT§I TTYlemdayBI h‘un Esn
naykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn )anEføgenAkarsem<aFkMBg;Ep
]kj:a m:ug kñ úgqñaM 2004 fa {KYr[kt;cMNaMpgEdrfa
elak ]kj:a [m:ug bJTI§] )ankMBugeFVIBaNiC¢kmµd¾FMmYysRmab;
RbeTs .} 418
m: ug bJT § I )anEføgenAkñ úgkarkMeTcecalbrievN
saklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRtsil,³ kñúgqñaM 2005 fa {´nwgQUs
ecalpÞHrbs; [RbCaCn] EdlbdiesFcMeBaHR)ak;} .419
m:ug bJT§I KWCamñak;kñúgcMeNamesdæIl,IeQµaHbMputrbs;
RbeTskm<úCa nigCasm<½n§mitþd¾CitsñiT§irbs; h‘un Esn .
kñúgqñaM 2006 Kat;)ankøayCaRBwT§smaCiksRmab;KNbkS
RbCaCnkm<úCa .
cMkar kareFVIBaNiC¢kmµTMnij ksidæanciBa©wmstV nigkar
GPivDÆn_GclnRTBü KWRKan;EtCaplRbeyaCn_mYycMnYnrbs;
m:ug bJT§I Etb:ueNÑaH . plGaCIvkmµepSg²rbs;Kat; k¾manTaMg
karkab;eQIxusc,ab;kñúg]TüanCatibUkeKapgEdr ehIysm,Tan
dIesdækic©kñúgextþsÞwgERtg EdlmanTMhM 100,852 hikta
FMCagdb;dgénTMhMEdlGnuBaØatedayc,ab;PUmi)al420
.
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htßelxaelIkic©RBmeRBogkñúgExvicäika qñaM 2001 bIExbnÞab;BI
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10,000 hikta421
. enAeBlEdl Global Witness )an
sresreTAkan; can; sarun sYrBIPaBRsbc,ab;énesckþIseRmc
RbGb;TI 18 ³ m:ug bJT§I
rbs;Kat; rdæm®nþI)aneqøIytbvijfa rdæaPi)almankatBVkic©pþl;
[ m:ug bJT§I nUvsm,TanenH edaysarEtKat;)anesñIsMumuneBl
c,ab;PUmi)al RtUv)anpþl;sc©ab½n422
. kñúgEx FñÚ qñaM 2006
Global Witness )anTTYlr)aykarN_BIbuKÁliksiT§imnusSfa
Rkumh‘unrbs; m:ug bJT§I )ancab;epþImQUssMGatEpñkCaeRcIn
énsm,TandIesdækic©rbs;Rkumh‘un Green Sea EdlenAEk,r
RBMEdnLav 423
.
m:ug bJT§I k¾sßitkñúgCYrmuxénkic©RBmeRBogbþÚrdIPøam²naeBl
fµI²enH EdlkñúgenaH PaBCam©as;énGaKarsaFarN³ RtUv)anepÞr
eTA[esdæI EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYyKNbkSRbCaCn . kar
TTYl)ankarbþÚrdIrbs;Kat; rYmbBa©ÚlGaKarrbs;tulakarkMBUl
tulakar]T§rN_ tulakarRkugPñMeBj nigRksYgyutþiFm’pgEdr424
.
Kat;k¾)ankMeTcecalbrievNsaklviTüal½yviciRtsil,³
d¾yUrGEgVgmkehIykñúgRkugPñMeBj ehIynigbeNþjRbCaCn
mUldæanedaybgçM edIm,IeFVIpøÚvsRmab;GPivDÆn_ EdlKat;)andak;
eQµaHfaCa {TIRkugcin}425
.
esckþ IseRmcrbs;rdæaPi)alpþl;ePø Igexov[kMBg;Ep
]kj:a m:ug bgðajnUvkareCOCak;d¾eRcIncMeBaHbursmñak; EdlBImun
sßiteRkamkarecaTRbkan;BIbTCYjdUrfñaMejón bBa¢ak;fa mankan;
EteRcInEfmeTot nUvGaCIvkmµnaMcUl-naMecjrbs; m:ug bJT§I eRkABI
RtUv)andwgelIkdMbUgkñúgEx emsa qñaM 1997 enAeBlEdlm®nþI
enARkugRBHsIhnu )anrwbGUskBaäaR)aMBIretanBIkugETn½r EdlbiT
søakfaCa ekAs‘U426
. sarB½t’man)anraykarN_fa Éksar
Edl)anTTYlkñúgGMLúgeBlrwbGUs manRta nigRbfab;Rtarbs;
Rkumh‘unEdlCarbs; m:ug bJT§I 427
. kñúgkarsmÖasn_CamYyRbB½n§
pSBVpSay m:ug bJT§I )anbdiesFBIkarBak;B½n§428
.
hU sux rdæelxaFikarRksYgmhaépÞ EdlCasmaCikmñak;
énédKUcRmuHhV‘únsiunbuicrbs;KNbkSRbCaCn )andwknaMkaresuIb
GegátkarBak;B½n§Edl)anecaTRbkan;rbs; m:ug bJT§I CamYykBaäa
enaH . karRbkasrbs;Kat;fa tulakarkMBugerobcMdIkacab;xøÜn
esdæIenaH )anCRmuj[ h‘un Esn Eføgfa nrNamñak;Edlb:unb:g
cab;xøÜn m:ug bJT§I ykl¥ {Bak;mYkEdk} eTA429
. kñúgEx kkáda qñaM
1997 GMLúgeBlrdæRbhar EdlkñúgenaH h‘un Esn )anbeNþj
neratþm rNbJT§i shnaykrdæm®nþIhV‘únsiunbuicrbs;Kat; hU sux
RtUv)anXMuXaMgedaykgkmøaMgrbs;KNbkSRbCaCn nigRtUv)an
smøab;430
. karesuIbGegátBIGaCIvkmµrbs; m:ug bJT§I min)andMeNIr
karbEnßmeToteT .
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
99ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
kMBg;Ep]kj:a m:ug
m:ug bJT§I )anbnþbdiesFkarTak;TgCamYykarCYjdUr
fñaMejón . kñúgkic©smÖasn_mYyCamYysarB½t’mankñúgRsuk
kñúgqñaM 2004 Kat;)anniyayfa {´RtUv)anecaTRbkan;BIkar
daM nigrt;Bn§kBaäa . ´)anBüayambdiesF . ´minFøab;Ck;
)arImYyedImeLIykñúgCivitrbs;´ etI´GaceFVIGaCIvkmµEbbenH
y:agdUcemþc ? ´eFVIEtGVIEdlRsbc,ab;b:ueNÑaH .} 431
Global Witness )ansresreTAkan;TaMg m:ug bJT§I nig
h‘un Esn edIm,IesñIsMueyabl;rbs;BYkeKeTAelIr)aykarN_
BIkarCYjdUrfñaMejón . mkTl;nwgr)aykarN_enHe)aHBum<
h‘un Esn min)aneqøIytbeTeTaHy:agNa emFavIrbs; m:ug bJT§I
)aneqøIytbtamGuIem:ldUcxageRkamenH ³
{eyIg)anTTYlsMNYrmYyBIkariyal½yrbs;Gñk Bak;B½n§
nwgelak m:ug bJT§I ehIyKat;rIkraykñúgkarTTYl . elak m:ug
)anesñI[eyIgR)ab;Gñkfa Kat;minGacpþl;[ Global Witness
nUvesckþIraykarN_CalaylkçN_GkSr)aneT EtKat;man
bMNgCYbsmÖasn_CamYyGñktMNag Global Witness kñúgRkug
PñMeBj b¤RkugLúgd_ . RbsinebIGñkmancm¶l;bEnßmeTot sUm
kMusÞak;esÞIrTak;TgmkeyIg´ .} 432
Global Witness )anTTYlykkarGeBa¢Ij[cUlrYmkar
smÖasn_CamYy m:ug bJT§I nig)anesñIkarBiPakSatamTUrs½BÞ eday
ftCasemøg . mkTl;eBle)aHBum<r)aykarN_enH emFavIrbs;
m:ug bJT§I minTan;)aneqøIytbcMeBaHsMeNIenHenAeLIyeT .karQUsqay nigkarsagsg;pøÚvedayxusc,ab;kñúg]TüanCatibUkeKa edayRkumh‘un Mong Reththy Group Ex mina qñaM 2006
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
100 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
RbGb;TI 19 ³ kardwkCBa¢ÚnEbgEckBiess
edayeyagtamsmaCikrbs;buKÁlikKat; kñúgEx mina
qñaM 2005 hak; em:A )anTTYlR)ak; US$ 100,000 sRmab;
kardwkCBa¢ÚnRsahineNsuI 60,000 db BIkMBg;Ep]kj:am:ug
mksNæaKarGaMgETkugTINg;tal; 439
kñúgRkugPñMeBj440
.
GaKarsNæaKarGaMgETkugTINg;tal; BImunCarbs; efg b‘unm:a
CaesdæIEdll,IeQµaHcMeBaHkar)aj;kg;ynþehaH bnÞab;BIxag
GakascrP½nþRcLMkatabrbs;Kat; 441
. eTaHy:agNak¾eday
buKÁliksNæaKar )anR)ab; Global Witness kñúgqñaM 2005 fa
kmµsiT§i)anepÞreTA[ h‘un tU kµÜyRbusnaykrdæm®nþIehIy442
.
mkTl;Ex kBaØa qñaM 2006 rgÁsalenAsNæaKarGaMgET-
kugTINg;tal; sþúkRsahineNsuIbIRbePT . lMdab;x<s;bMput
KWRsahineNsuI)a:ra:day Edlmantémø US$35 mYyEBg
b¤ US$980 kñúgmYydbcMNuH 70 cl . Global Witness
min)andwgfaetIRbePTNamYyénRsahuineNsuI Edl hak; em:A
RtUv)anesñI[dwkCBa¢Únmkkan;sNæaKarenaHeT . eTaHy:agNa
k¾eday tamtémørbs;GaMgETkugTINg;tal; témølk;rayrbs;
RsahineNsuI)a:ra:dayTaMg 60,000db nwgmantémøRbEhl
Ca US$5.9 lan .
Rkumh‘un Attwood GñkEckcaypøÚvkarrbs;RsahineNsuI
RKb;RKghagd¾FMmYyenAGaKarEk,rsNæaKarGaMgETkug-
TINg;tal; Edllk;rayRsarYcBn§ . kñúgEx mkra qñaM 2007
Global Witness )ansresreTAkan;TaMgRkumh‘un Attwood
nigRkumh‘unRsa Hennessy edIm,IsYrfa etIBYkeK)andwgBI
Psþútagénkarrt;Bn§RsaEdrb¤Gt; Etmin)anTTYlkareqøIytb
BIRkumh‘unNamYyeT . KµankarsnñidæanNamYyeday Global
Witness faRkumh‘un Hennessy Bak;B½n§nwgkarrt;Bn§plitpl
rbs;xøÜn b¤faRkumh‘unsNæaKarGaMgETkugTINg;tal; XubXit
kñúgviFINamYyenaHeT .
LanRkumh‘un hiuneNsuI nigRkumh‘un Long Meng enAEk,rsNæaKarGaMgETkugTINg;tal; Ex FñÚ qñaM 2006
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
101ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
kñúgEx FñÚ qñaM 2006 buKÁlikrbs; Global Witness
)aneXIjLanmYy biTpøaksBaØaRkumh‘un Hennessy ecjBI
XøaMgelIpøÚvelx 430 tMbn;mYyxagt,ÚgsNæaKarGaMgET-
kugTINg;tal; . LanEbbeyaFaBN’ébtgFMBIreRKOgctenA
xageRkAedb:UenH RtUv)anbiTsøakfa ‘LM’ Edlbgðajfa
CaEpñkrbs;Rkumh‘un Long Meng Group EdlRbtibtþikar
rt;Bn§RKb;RKgsmaCikb:UlIs nwgRtUv)anerobrab;kñúgRbGb;
TI 20 . Global Witness )ansresreTAkan;TaMgRkumh‘un
Attwood nigsNæaKarGaMgETkugTINg;tal; edIm,IsYrBYkeKfa
etIBYkeKmanTMnak;TMngNamYyCamYybrievNTaMgenHEdr
b¤eT EtminTan;)anTTYlkareqøIytbBIRkumh‘unNamYyenA
eLIyeT .
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
102 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
5> plitplseRmc - cMNUl nigcMNayrbs; hak; em:A
snµtfacMNUlCamFümcMnYn US$ 1,100 kñúgmYyLan
sRmab;TaMgLandwkeQI nigTMnijrt;Bn§ ehIyminKitkareFVI
BaNiC¢kmµFmµta EdlGacrkR)ak;cMNUl)aneRcIn dUcCakardwk
CBa¢ÚnRsahineNsuI cMNUlRbcaMExCamUldæanrbs; hak; em:A
GacmanBI US$171,600-US$228,800 edayEp¥ktamfa
Kat;manEt 12 Lan b¤TaMg 16 Lan kñúgRbtibtþikar . buKÁlik
rbs; hak; em:A bBa¢ak;faesvakmµdwkCBa¢ÚneQIxusc,ab; nig
TMnijrt;Bn§rbs;kgBltUcelx 70 begáItR)ak;cMeNjCamFüm
US$1,500-US$5,000 kñúgmYyéf¶ 443
.
RbPBrbs;kgBltUcelx 70 mYy)anR)ab; Global -
Witness fa hak; em:A bg;mYycMENkéncMNUlrbs;Kat; - y:ag
ehacNas; US$30,000kñúgmYyEx - eTA[GgÁPaBpÞal;xøÜn
ehIyfaKat;FanaBIkarrs;ranrbs;GgÁPaB . R)ak;TaMgenH RtUv)an
niyayfara:b;rgcMNIGahar nigkareFVIdMeNIrrbs;Tahan k¾dUcCa
BiFICb;elogsRmab;Rkumm®nþIrbs;xøÜnpgEdr444
. édKUmñak;rbs;
hak; em:A pþl;[nUvB½t’mankan;EtlMGitfa KaMRTy:ageBjTMhwg
cMeBaHKNnIenH Etfa $30,000 CakarBitNas;RtUv)anEbgEck
rvagkgBltUcelx 70 nigkgGgÁrkS EdlGñkxageRkayenH
TTYl)ancMENkeRcInCag445
.
edayeyagtamRbPBenH)an[dwgfa karpþl;[RbcaMEx
CamUldæanrbs; hak; em:A [kgBltUcelx 70 nigkgGgÁrkS
RtUv)anKNnaedayeyagtamcMnYnLan EdlKat;kMBugeRbIR)as;
enAeBlEtmþg445
. enAedImqñaM 2006 Kat;bg;[ US$1,000
kñúgLanmYykñúgmYyExsRmab;RbtibtþikarkgBltUcelx 70 nig
cMnYndUcKñaenH [ huIg b‘unehog embBa¢akarkgGgÁrkS - cMNay
rYmRbmaN US$24,000-US$32,000445
. Global Witness
eCOCak;fa cMENkEdl)anbg;[ huIg b‘unehog KWsRmab;Rbti-
btþikarrbs;kgGgÁrkSeTaHy:agNak¾GacEdrfa cMnYnR)ak;mYy
cMnYnbEnßmeTAkñúgKNnIFnaKarpÞal;rbs;]tþmesnIy_ .
eTaHy:agNak¾eday kñúgBak;kNþalqñaM 2006 hak; em:A
)anBak;B½n§fa Kat;RbEhlCasßitkñúgRkumsRmab;temøIgtMENgCa
]tþmesnIy_eTa páayBIr tMENgdUcKñanwgembBa¢akarkgBltUc
elx 70 em:A supn 445
. kgBltUcmYy tUceBksRmab;]tþmesnIy_
páayBIr páayBiessbEnßmGactRmUv[ hak; em:A epÞreTAkan;
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RKgGaCIvkmµxusc,ab;rbs;GgÁPaB 445
. Caécdnü b¤ebIBMuenaHeT
sßitenAkñúgGMLúgeBlEdl hak; em:A begáInkarbg;cMNayRbcaMEx
rbs;Kat;[ huIg b‘unehog eTAdl; US$1,700 kñúgmYyLan b¤
US$20,400-US$27,200 CasrubehIy445
. mkTl;eBl
r)aykarN_enHe)aHBum< enAEtmin
c,as;fa etI hak; em:A )aneCaKC½y
kñúgkareKcecjBIkartemøIgtMENg
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EdlGacTTYl)an[dwgfa R)ak;
cMNUlRbcaMqñaMsrubénRbtibtþikar
rbs; hak; em:A GacmanrgVg;BI
US$2lan nig US$2.75lan
EdlRbmaN 60% )anmkBI
kard wkCBa ¢ ÚneQIkab;x usc,ab;
nig 40% )anmkBIkardwkCBa¢Ún
TMnijrt;Bn§ . kñ úgcMeNamenH
rvagB I US$388 ,000 n ig
US$518,400 pþl;[GgÁPaBT½B
sMxan;bMputBIrrbs; h‘un Esn .Tahan nigLanenAEk,redb:Urbs; hak; em:A Ex FñÚ qñaM 2006
huIg b‘unehog embBa¢akarkgGgÁrkS RtUv)anraykarN_fa)anTTYlviPaKTan RbcaMExBI hak; em:A
CMBUk IV : TMnak;TMngkgBltUcelx 70
103ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
RbGb;TI 20 ³ Rkumh‘un Long Meng Group
kñúgeBlesuIbGegát hak; em:A nigkgBltUcelx 70
Global Witness k¾)anRbmUlB½t’manBIRkumRbkYtRbECgEdl
RKb;RKgedayvresnIy_Ékkñúgb:UlIsesdækic©eQµaH Lúg em:g .
edayeyagtamm®nþIkñúgextþekaHkug )an[dwgfa Lúg em:g
manskmµPaBkñúgGaCIvkmµ taMgBIqñaM 2000 edayerobcMdwk
CBa¢ÚnTMnijrt;Bn§kñúgcMnYnRbhak;RbEhl hak; em:A Edr446
.
Kat;RKb;RKgRkummYy Edlmany:agehacNas; 20Lan
EdllabBN’ébtgTahan kñúgEbbCaLanrbs;kgBltUc
elx 70 . LannimYy²manBak;pøaksMKal;enAkBa©k;xagmux
Edlcab;epþImedayGkSr ‘LM’ 447
.
Rkumrbs; Lúg em:g cab;epþImTTYlyksMNl;bnSl;
edaykarpøas;bþÚrrbs; hak; em:A BIERsGMbilmkkan;kMBg;Ep
]kj:am:ug kñúgqñaM 2004 446
. eTaHy:agNak¾eday kñúgEx mina
qñaM 2006/ Global Witness )anrkeXIjLanBak;pøak ‘LM’
ctenAkMBg;Ep]kj:am:ug eday)an[dwgfaRkumrbs; Lúg em:g
GacBRgIktMbn;Rbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜn . kñúgGMLúgeBlGegát
RsavRCavtamGakasdUcKñaenH Global Witness )anrkeXIj
k)a:l;dwkTMnij EdlBak;pøaksBaØa ‘LM’ rbs; Lúg em:g
EdlctenAkMBg;EpRsbtamk)a:l;dwkTMnij EdlBak;Tg;Cati
éf edayRKan;EtecjbnþicBIsmuTÞEkvpus .
kñúgGMLúgeBlkaresuIbGegátkñúg Ex FñÚ qñaM 2006 nig
Ex mkra qñaM 2007/ GlobalWitness )anrkeXIjLanrbs;
LanRkumh‘un Long Meng Group enAkMBg;Ep]kj:am:ug Ex mina qñaM 2006
kaNUtBak;pøaksBaØa LM Exmina qñaM2006
Lúg em:g sßitkñúgk,ÜnrhUtdl; 25Lan kMBugdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtam
pøÚvCatielx 4 EdlP¢ab;BIPñMeBjeTAkan;kMBg;EpenAsmuTÞ .
vaCaeBlevlaEdlm©as;CMnYyrbs;RbeTskm<úCa )anpøas;bþÚrviFIsa®sþrbs;BYkeK edIm,ITMnak;TMngCamYyrdæaPi)alrbs; h‘un Esn
esckþIsnñidæan
R)aMbIqñaMbnÞab;BInaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn )ansnüalubbM)at;
bTelµIséRBeQI karkab;eQIxusc,ab;bnþbMpøajéRBeQId¾man
témøbMputrbs;RbeTskm<úCa . tMbn;dUcCaéRBLg;CaedIm enAEt
sßitkñúgkarRbfuyeRKaHfñak;xøaMg .
CagEdlFøab;man Rbtibtþikarkab;eQIxusc,ab;RTg;RTay
FM dUcCaRbtibtþikarEdl)anerobrab;kñúgr)aykarN_enH KWCakar
rkSanUvmnusSmYycMnYntUcBak;B½n§ EdlCasac;jati b¤mitþPkþi
rbs;naykrdæm®nþI b¤m®nþICan;x<s;epSgeTot . DI cUc/ esg Kag
nig Xun fug KWCaRkummnusSkñúgvis½ykab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs;
RbeTskm<úCasRmab;TsvtSr_knøgmkenH . eTaHCadMeNIrkar
kMENTRmg;éRBeQI EdlENnaMedaynaykrdæm®nþ Ixø ÜnKat;
k¾eday k¾GaCIBrbs;BYkeKbgðajBIviFI EdlRKYsarGñkdwknaM)an
rkSa nigBRgwgkarRKb;RKgrbs;BYkeKeTAelI]sSahkmµkab;eQI
xusc,ab; .
eTaHbIy:agNak¾eday TMnYlxusRtUvrbs; h‘un Esn nig
rdæm®nþIrbs;Kat; sßitenABIeRkaykarGnuBaØat[RKYsarrbs;BYkeK
kab;eQIxusc,ab; . kardak;edjéføkargarenArdæ)aléRBeQI
bgðajfaGMeBIBukrlYykñúgsßab½n RtUv)andwknaMBIkRmitx<s;bMput
rbs;rdæaPi)al . edaykarGnuBaØat nigkñúgkrNImYycMnYn
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xøaMgnUvéRBeQIrbs;RbeTskm<úCa nigGNþÚgEr:GPivDÆn_TaMgmUl
rbs;RbeTs .
RsbeBlCamYyKñaenHEdr ]TahrN_BIkgBltUcelx 70
bgðajBIrebobEdlmUldæanGMNacpÞal;rbs; h‘un Esn RtUv)an
P¢ab;y:agCitsñiT§ieTAnwgbTelµIsEdl)anerobcMTuk . tYnaTId¾l,I
l,ajrbs;kgBltUcelx 70 kñúgkarCYjdUréRBeQI nigkar
rt;Bn§CamYynwgkarRKb;RKgkab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs;RKYsarGñkdwk
naM bgðajBIkarbRgYbbRgYmGMNackan;EtxøaMgkñúgRbeTskm<úCa
eday h‘un Esn nigsm<½n§mitþrbs;Kat; .
karedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH tRmUv[ykCnelµIsEdlman
GMNacbMputmkTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHmuxc,ab; . GacmanmnÞil
tictYc EdlmYykþab;tUcénbNþwgEdlRtUv)anesuIbGegát nigman
karkat;eTastampøÚvc,ab; RbqaMgm®nþICan;x<s; sac;jati nig
GñkcUlrYmédrbs;BYkeK nwgman\T§iBlkan;EtFMeTAelIkareRbI-
R)as;GMNacminRtwmRtUv nigGMeBIBukrlYy CaCagkarecjc,ab;fµI
eTaHbICaenHenH mansar³sMxan;k¾eday .
begÁalkñúgkarRbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy RtUv)anelIkeLIg
naeBlfµI²enH edaykarrkeXIjrtn³sm,tþieRbg nig]sµ½nenA
smuTÞkm<úCa . RbeTsnwgGacrk)anrkrab;rylanduløarkñúgeBl
qab;²enH BIkarcRmaj;ykeRbg nig]sµ½nenAsmuTÞenaH EdlKW
CaGVImYy EdlKYrEtCamUlehtusRmab;karrMlwkkñúgRbeTsEdl
enAEtCaGñkBwgEp¥ky:agxøaMgeTAelICMnYyeRkARbeTs . eTaHy:ag
Nak¾eday ]TahrN_Edlpþl;edayvis½yéRBeQIrbs;RbeTs
km<úCa KWBi)aknwgGnueRKaHNas; . edayGMeBIBukrlYymanTItaMg
kñúgrdæaPi)al rbkKMehIjeRbg dak;nUvkarKRmamkMEhgeRcIn
dUcCa»kasEdr . edaysßiteRkamlkçxNÐnaeBlbc©úb,nñ RbeTs
km<úCamansmtßPaBGnuvtþtamKMrUrbs;RbeTs dUcCa Gg;ehÁaLa
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enHnwgRtUv)andwknaMedayRbCaBlrdækm<úCaFmµta nigGgÁkar
sgÁmsuIvil . eTaHy:agNak¾eday kñúgbriyakasneya)ay
naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlGñkTaMgLay EdlniyayRbqaMgkarrMelaP
bMBan RtUv)anKRmamkMEhg b¤vayRbhar sgÁmsuIvilkñúgRbeTs
km<úCa minmankmøaMgRKb;RKan; edIm,IedIrtYnaTIenHedayxøÜnÉg
pÞal;enaHeT . GñkTaMgLayEdlman\T§iBlxøaMgbMputeTAelI
rdæaPi)al enAEtCashKmn_m©as;CMnYyGnþrCatidEdl .
kñúgGMLúgmYyTsvtSr_knøHknøgmkenH m©as;CMnYyGnþrCati
)ansÞak;esÞIreRbIR)as;\T§iBlenH ehIy)anCYyTTYlsÁal;tam
c,ab;nUvkarbegáItkarlYcbøn; . eTaHCay:agNak¾eday minyWt
eBlNas;NaeTsRmab;m©as;CMnYy edIm,Icab;epþImedIrtYnaTI[
kan;EtmanRbeyaCn_ . enAeBlxitmkCitkic©RbCMuRkumBieRKaH
eyabl; m©as;CMnYyRtUvkarkMNt;CafµInUvlkçxNÐénkarBak;B½n§
rbs;BYkeKCamYyédKUkm<úCarbs;BYkeK . CaCMhandMbUg BYkeK
RtUvEtP¢ab;edaypÞal;karcMNayCMnYyminEmnmnusSFm’naeBl
GnaKteTAkan;kMENTRmg;EdleFVI[rdæaPi)alkm<úCa kan;Et
TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHRbCaBlrdæpÞal;rbs;xøÜn .
esckþIsnñidæan
104 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
]bsm<½n§ 1 ³ esdæI-RBwT§smaCikrbs;RbeTskm<úCa¼Éksareyag Cronyometer
105ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
kuk Gan
1> lixitGnuBaØatbegáIt nigRbtibtþikarkasuINU
TMnak;TMngpÞal;BIm®nþI qñaM 2007
ék KImsug {TIRkugs¶at;RCgMenARBMEdnevotNam {e)a:yEb:tfµI}
kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 8 Ex kkáda qñaM 2005 .
2> kic©snüabegáIt nigEckcayfamBlGKÁIsnI ³
GaCJaFrGKÁIsnIkm<úCa GaCJab½NÑelx 115 LD ³ { lixitGnuBaØat
begáItsRmab;Rkumh‘un Khmer Electrical Power Co., Ltd.}
éf¶TI 15 Ex mina qñaM 2005 eKhTMB½r http://www.eac.gov.kh/pdf/
licences/generation/115_KEP_20-11-06_en.pdf . i
GaCJaFrGKÁIsnIkm<úCa r)aykarN_sþIBIvis½yfamBlénRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa sRmab;qñaM 2003 Ex tula qñaM 2004 eKhTMB½r
http://www.eac.gov.kh/pdf/report/Annual%20Report%202003_Eg.pdf .
ék KImsug {karkat;pþac;GKÁIsnIkñúgRkugPñMeBj KYrEtRtUvbBa©b;}
kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 10-11 Ex mifuna qñaM 2006 .
3> GgÁúyelIRkumRbwkSakak)aTRkhmkm<úCa ³
kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa {kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa manRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKgfµI
nigGKÁelxaFikarfµImñak;} Ex sIha qñaM 2006 eKhTMB½r
http://www.redcross.org.kh/news_events/2006/4thGA.html .
suI Kg;RTIv
1> sm,TandIesdækic© ³
karcuHbBa¢IRkumh‘un Wuzhishan LS Group Ltd. rbs;RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ
éf¶TI 24 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004 (ÉksarenHraybgðajBIm©as;PaKh‘un
Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan bInak; KW Liu Wei/ eLA em:gXin nig suI Kg;RTIv) .
kic©snüapþl;sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYn 176,065 hikta kñúgextþkMBg;qñaMg
cuHhtßelxaeday Qa sug rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT
éf¶TI 8 Ex mkra qñaM 2000 .
kic©snüapþl;sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYn 138,963 hikta kñúgextþeBaFisat;
cuHhtßelxaeday Qa sug rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT
éf¶TI 8 Ex mkra qñaM 2000 .
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT esckþIsegçbBIsm,TandIesdækic©
enAextþmNÐlKIrIcMnYn 10,000hikta rbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan
eKhTMB½r http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/mdwuzhis.html .
2> kic©snüaCYsCul nigRbtibtþikarGakasyandæan ³
rMlwkB½t’manGaCIvkmµ (RbeTskm<úCa) {begáItCMnajExµr - Rkumh‘un
Muhibbah yl;BIkarbegáItskþanuBl} éf¶TI 1 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 1999 .
FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI {r)aykarN_bBa©b;KeRmag sþIBIKeRmagGakas-
yandæanesomrab RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa} Ex FñÚ qñaM 2004 eKhTMB½r
www.adb.org/Documents/PCRs/CAM/pcr-cam-27406.pdf .
]bsm<½n§1³esdæI-RBwT§smaCikrbs;RbeTskm<úCa / ÉksareyagCronyometer
FnaKarGPivDÆn_GausI {r)aykarN_ nigGnusasn_rbs;RbFanRkumRbwkSa
nayk sþIBIkm©IEdl)anesñI nigkarpþl;CMnYybec©keTsdl;RBHraCaNacRk
km< úCa sRmab;KeRmagGakasyandæanesomrab} qña M 1996 .
eKhTMB½r www.adb.org/Documents/RRPs/CAM/rrp-R27896.pdf
saCIvkmµhirBaØvtßúGnþrCati {Gakasydæankm<úCa 21363 esckþI
segçbBIB½t’manKeRmag} eKhTMB½r http://ifcln001.worldbank.org/IFCExt/
spiwebsite1.nsf/2bc34f011b50ff6e85256a550073ff1c/63ea373e
2378da6385256dce006ebb91?OpenDocument .
3> kic©snüasagsg;pøÚvrfePøIg ³
FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI {B½t’manBIkarpþl;kic©snüaelITMnij nigesva
Bak;B½n§ nigkic©snüakargarsuIvilmantémøelIs US$100,000} Ex sIha
qñaM 2002 eKhTMB½r http://www.adb.org/documents/others/contract_
awards/2002/08chap_c.pdf .
clnaéRBRtUBicBiPBelak mrN³PaBéRBeQI - r)aykarN_sþIBIskmµPaB
daMedImeQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan nigRkumh‘un Green Rich kñúg
RbeTskm<úCa es‘rIrbs; WRM sþIBIkardaMedImeQIelx 4 qñaM 2006
TMB½r 21-22 .
4> kic©snüasagsg;¼CYsCulpøÚv ³
Rkumh‘un Muhibbah Engineering BHD {r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM} qñaM 2001
eKhTMB½r http://announcements.bursamalaysia.com/EDMS/hsubweb.
nsf/0/48256aaf0027302c48256bc700389830/$FILE/Muhibah-
AnnualReport%202001%20(1.2MB).pdf .
h‘un Esn {sunÞrkfaenABiFIsem<aFkareRbIR)as;CapøÚvkarkMNat;pøÚvCati
elx 5 nigelx 6} éf¶TI 19 Ex vicäika qñaM 2004 eKhTMB½r
http://www.cnv.org.kh/2005_releases/19nov05_national_road_5&6_
siemreap.htm .
5> GmdMeNIr h‘un Esn enAeBleFVIdMeNIreTAkan;RbeTscin ³
rUbPaBBIkaEstvIedGUB½t’manTUrTsSn_km<úCa EdlTTYl)aneday
Global Witness qñaM 2004 .
eLA em:gXin ¬sVamIyayPU¦
1> sm,TaneQI ³
KeRmagRKb;RKgéRBeQIRbkbedayecrPaBrbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI
r)aykarN_Binitüsm,TanéRBeQIRbeTskm<úCa qñaM 2000 TMB½r 13 .
rdæ)aléRBeQI {KRmbéRBeQI nigRbePTdIéRB ¼ 4 . tMbn;sm,Tan
éRBeQI} eKhTMB½r http://www.forestry.gov.kh/Statistic/Forestcover.htm.
Keith Barney Bn§Ky sm,Tanik nigCemøaH ninñakaréRBeQI Ex sIha
q ña M 2005 eKhTMB ½r http://www.forest-trends.org/documents/
publications/Cambodia%20Report_final_6-1-05.pdf .
i ral;ÉksareyagtameKhTMB½rTaMgGs; RtUv)anykecjelIkcugeRkaybMputéf¶TI 6 Ex emsa qñaM 2007
]bsm<½n§ 1 ³ esdæI-RBwT§smaCikrbs;RbeTskm<úCa¼Éksareyag Cronyometer
106 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
2> sm,TandIesdækic© ³
karcuHbBa¢IRkumh‘un Wuzhishan LS Group Ltd. rbs;RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ
éf¶TI 24 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004 (ÉksarenH raybgðajBIm©as;PaKh‘un
Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan bInak; KW Liu Wei / eLA em:gXin nig suI Kg;RTIv) .
kic©snüapþl;sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYn 176,065 hikta kñúgextþkMBg;qñaMg
cuHhtßelxaeday Qa sug rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT
éf¶TI 8 Ex mkra qñaM 2000 .
kic©snüapþl;sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYn 138,963hikta kñ úgextþ
eBaFisat; cuHhtßelxaeday Qa sug rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj;
nigensaT éf¶TI 8 Ex mkra qñaM 2000 .
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT esckþIsegçbBIsm,TandIesdækic©
enAextþmNÐlKIrIcMnYn 10,000hikta rbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan
eKhTMB½r http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/mdwuzhis.html .
kic©snüasRmab;sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYnBIr manTMhM 70,000 (bnÞay-
manC½y) nig 230,000hikta ()at;dMbg) cuHhtßelxa eday s‘¿u m:anit
rdæm®nþITIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI nig enA kann; RkugPñMeBj éf¶TI 8 Ex mifuna
qñaM 1998 .
Tinñn½y GIS rbs;RksYgerobcMEdndInKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg;bgðajBI
sm,TandIesdækic©BIrkñúgextþbnÞaymanC½y nig)at;dMbg qñaM 2004 .
3> sm,TanrukrkfµkMe)ar ³
Ca esoghug rdæelxaFikar RksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl sunÞrkfa
enAkic©RbCMu {kalanuvtþiPaBrukrkEr:enAsnñisIT mhaGnutMbn;TenøemKgÁ}
kñúgRbeTsLav Ex mifuna qñaM 2006 eKhTMB½r
http://www.gmsbizforum.com/dmdocuments/MGS_MI~2.pdf .
4> sm,TanrukrkEr:Edk ³
Xinhua {km<úCa cin nigshkarrukrkEr:Edk} éf¶TI 20 Ex mina qñaM 2005
eKhTMB½r http://english.people.com.cn/200503/20/eng20050320_
177505.html .
KuC Naer:n {Rkumh‘unkm<úCa cin nwgvinieyaKelIEr:} kaEstexmbUDaedlI
éf¶TI 22 Ex mina qñaM 2005 .
Robin Paxton {km<úCacg;)anEr:masCMnYs[mIneRkamdI} sarB½t’manr:yT½r
éf¶TI 29 Ex mina qñaM 2005 eKhTMB½r http://www.planetark.com/
avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=30118 .
Ca esoghug rdæelxaFikar RksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl sunÞrkfa
enAkic©RbCMu {kalanuvtþiPaBrukrkEr:enAsnñisIT mhaGnutMbn;TenøemKgÁ}
kñúgRbeTsLav Ex mifuna qñaM 2006 eKhTMB½r
http://www.gmsbizforum.com/dmdocuments/MGS_MI~2.pdf .
5> lixitGnuBaØatkab;edImeQIkñúgcMkarekAs‘Urbs;rdæ ³
Susan Postlethwaite ³ {GnaFibetyükñúgGaCIvkmµekAs‘URbeTskm<úCa}
kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 20 Ex tula dl;éf¶TI 2 Ex vicäika qñaM 1995 .
6> karCYldIsaFarN³Edl)anpþl;[kñúgRkugPñMeBj ³
kmøaMgkargarsiT§ipÞHsEm,g nigmCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa {kic©snüa
bwgkk;bMBanc,ab;km<úCa} Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 .
R)ak; can;Ful nig James Welsh {kic©snüary³eBl 99 qñaM dIRkumh‘un
elIbwgkk;} kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 8 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 .
Allister Hayman nig sM riT§i {karlk;TIRkugcugeRkaybg¥s;bwgkk;}
kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 9-23 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 .
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BI UNOHCHR Ex mina qñaM 2007 .
mCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa {RbCaCnbwgkk;P½yxøackarbeNþjecj
RTg;RTayFM edaysarsalaRkugPñMeBj)ancuHhtßelxaelIkic©snüa
ry³eBl 99 qñaM CamYyRkumh‘un Sokako Inc Company} éf¶TI 20
Ex mina qñaM 2007 .
7> sm,TanbegáIttMbn;esdækic©minykBn§ ³
DFDL {kMENERbc,ab;RbcaMs)aþh_} éf¶TI 1 Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 .
ék KImsug {kþIsgÇwmx<s;sRmab;tMbn;esdækic©fµIkñ úgRkugRBHsIhnu}
kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 30 Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 .
TMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlik UNOHCHR qñaM 2007 .
8> kic©snüanaMcUlsmÖar³pÁt;pÁg;fñaMeBTüsRmab;rdæaPi)al ³
clnaéRBRtUBicBiPBelak mrN³PaBéRBeQI - r)aykarN_sþIBI
skmµPaBdaMedImeQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan nigRkumh‘un Green Rich
kñúgRbeTskm<úCa es‘rIrbs; WRM sþIBIkardaMedImeQIelx 4 qñaM 2006
TMB½r 21 .
9> PaBpþac;muxelIGMbilGuIy:Ud ³
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlik UNICEF qñaM 2005 .
clnaéRBRtUBicBiPBelak mrN³PaBéRBeQI - r)aykarN_sþIBI
skmµPaBdaMedImeQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan nigRkumh‘un Green Rich
kñúgRbeTskm<úCa es‘rIrbs; WRM sþIBIkardaMedImeQIelx 4 qñaM 2006
TMB½r 21 .
10> karsagsg;bnÞayeyaFaEdl)anpþl;hirBaØb,Tan ³
r)aykarN_kic©RbCMurbs;RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT enAGKÁ-
TIbBa¢akarkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ éf¶TI 3 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 1997 .
11> GmdMeNIr h‘un Esn enAeBleFVIdMeNIreTAkan;RbeTscin ³
rUbPaBBIkaEstvIedGUB½t’manTUrTsSn_km<úCa EdlTTYl)aneday
Global Witness qñaM 2004 .
kic©RbCMuGaCIvkmµ nigvinieyaKcin-Gas‘an bBa¢IraynamGñkcUlrYm
eKhTMB½r http://www.cabiforum.org/foreign.html .
lI y:ugpat;
1> sm,TandIesdækic© ³
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT esckþIsegçbBIRkumh‘un Koh Kong
Plantation Company Ltd. eKhTMB½r
http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/kkplantation.html .
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT esckþIsegçbBIRkumh‘un Koh Kong
Sugar Company Ltd. eKhTMB½r
http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/kksugar.html .
lIkadU {kgraCGavuFhtßkm<úCa cl½tkarBarsm,TandIrbs;RBwT§smaCik
KNbkSkan;GMNac} éf¶TI 8 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 eKhTMB½r
http://www.licadho.org/articles/20070208/51/index.html .
Kg; klüaN ‘Des familles de Koh Kong manifestent’
kaEstkaMbUds½r éf¶TI 8 Ex mina qñaM 2007 .
2> lixitGnuBaØatbegáIt nigRbtibtþikarkasuINU ³
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIm®nþImñak; qñaM 2007 .
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikshKmn_GaCIvkmµkm<úCa .
TIPñak;garsarB½t’man)araMg {km<úCaerobcMEpnkarGUsTajGñkeTscrN_
eTAkan;tMbn;ExµrRkhm} éf¶TI 13 Ex emsa qñaM 2005
eKhTMB½r http://www.fourelephants.com/travel.php?sid=286 .
]bsm<½n§ 1 ³ esdæI-RBwT§smaCikrbs;RbeTskm<úCa¼Éksareyag Cronyometer
107ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
eKhTMB½rsNæaKarPñMeBj
http://www.phnompenhhotel.com/recreation.php.
eKhTMB½rkøwbrmNIydæanGnþrCatiekaHkug
http:/ /www.kohkonginter.com;http:/ /www.kohkonginter.com/
osmach.htm.
3> lixitGnuBaØatbegáIt nigRbtibtþikarkMBg;Ep ³
h‘un Esn {sem<aFsYnstVkñúgextþekaHkug} Cambodia New Vision
Ex mkra qñaM 2003 . eKhTMB½r http://209.85.135.104/search?q=cache:
X5MqLtCiV_MJ:www.cnv.org.kh/cnv_html_pdf/cnv_60.pdf+ly+yong+
phat&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=10 .
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCavqñaM 2006 nig 2007 .
4> kic©snüasagsg; nigCYsCul ³
DFDL {kMENERbc,ab;RbcaMs)aþh_} éf¶TI 18 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2003
eKhTMB½r http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:1uy_LFIJ9QIJ:www.dfdl.
com.kh/pdf/03Feb18eml_weely_law_update.pdf+ports+cambodia+
Ly+Yong+Phat&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=8&gl=uk .
5> kic©snüasagsg;s<an ³
Ék m:aRda (sarB½t’manr:yT½r) {‘Wild West’ rbs;km<úCaP¢ab;s<anrvag
tMbn;BIr} The Philadelphia Inquirer éf¶TI 16 Ex mifuna qñaM 2002 .
h‘un Esn {sunÞrkfaeTAkan;BiFIsem<aFs<anekaHkugqøgpøÚvTwkekaHeBA
kñúgextþekaHkug} éf¶TI 4 Ex emsa qñaM 2002 eKhTMB½r
www.cnv.org.kh/2002_releases/040402_kohkong_bridge_bot.htm .
6> kic©snüabegáIt¼EckcayfamBlGKÁIsnI ³
GaCJaFrGKÁIsnIkm<úCa {GaCJab½NÑbegáItkarpþl;esvabegáItfamBlGKÁIsnI
enARkugPñMeBj} éf¶TI 31 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2006 eKhTMB½r http://www.
eac.gov.kh/pdf/licences/generation/LD_CEP%20_08-6-06__en.pdf .
GaCJaFrGKÁIsnIkm<úCa {GaCJab½NÑEckcaykarpþl;esvaEckcayfamBl
GKÁIsnIenATIrYmextþekaHkug nigTIRbCMuCnGUrsµac; RsuksMerag extþ
]tþrmanC½y - Rkumh‘un Duty Free Shop Co., Ltd.} éf¶TI 22 Ex vicäika
qñaM 2002 eKhTMB½r
http://www.eac.gov.kh/pdf/licences/distribute/dutyfreeshop_eng.pdf.
GaCJaFrGKÁIsnIkm<úCa r)aykarN_sþIBIvis½yfamBlénRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa sRmab;qñaM 2003 Ex tula qñaM 2004 eKhTMB½r
http://www.eac.gov.kh/pdf/report/Annual%20Report%202003_Eg.pdf .
7> GgÁúyelIRkumRbwkSakak)aTRkhmkm<úCa ³
kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa {kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa manRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKgfµI
nigGKÁelxaFikarfµImñak;} Ex sIha qñaM 2006 eKhTMB½r
http://www.redcross.org.kh/news_events/2006/4thGA.html .
Em:n sarun
1> sm,TandIesdækic© ³
RksYgksikmµ r ukçaRbmaj; nigensaT esckþ IsegçbBIRkumh‘ un
Men Sarun Import Export Co., Ltd. eKhTMB½r
http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/kcmsarun.html .
RksYgksikmµ r ukçaRbmaj; nigensaT esckþ IsegçbBIRkumh‘ un
Global Tech Sdn., Bhd mitþPaBrvagRkumh‘un Rama Khmer International
nig Em:n sarun eKhTMB½r http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/
rtgtech.html .
2> kic©snüapÁt;pÁg;Ggárdl;T½B ³
RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ {karsikSaBIvis½yGgár} eKhTMB½r http://www.moc.
gov.kh/sectoral/rice_study/charter3/marketingsystem.htm .
3> GmdMeNIr h‘un Esn enAeBleFVIdMeNIreTAkan;RbeTscin ³
rUbPaBBIkaEstvIedGUB½t’manTUrTsSn_km<úCa EdlTTYl)aneday
Global Witness qñaM 2004 .
m:ug bJT§I
1> sm,TandIesdækic© ³
kic©snüasm,TandIesdækic©Rkumh‘un Green Sea Company éf¶TI 23
Ex vicäika qñaM 2001 .
ék KImsug {esdæI mhaesdæIéf¶ manEpnkareragcRksárcMnYn $50 lan-
duløar} kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 18 Ex kkáda qñaM 2006 .
Rkumh‘un Mong Reththy Group eKhTMB½r
http://www.mongreththy.com/mongreththy .
RksYgksikmµ r ukçaRbmaj; nigensaT esckþ IsegçbBIRkumh‘ un
Mong Reththy Investment Oil Palm Cambodia Co., Ltd. eKhTMB½r
http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/svillemr1.html .
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT esckþIsegçbBI Mong Reththy
Investment Cassava Cambodia Co., Ltd. eKhTMB½r
http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/svillemr2.html .
2> kmµsiT§iGKarsaFarN³RtUv)anpþl;[kñúgRkugPñMeBj ³
Miloon Kothari r)aykarN_rbs;GñkraykarN_BiesssþIBIkartaMglMenA
RKb;RKan;KWCasmasPaBénsiT§iciBa©wmCivit)anRKb;RKan; KN³kmµkar
siT§imnusSGgÁkarshRbCaCati nigRkumRbwkSaesdækic© nigsgÁm
éf¶TI 21 Ex mina qñaM 2006 eKhTMB½r
http://cambodia.ohchr.org/report_subject.aspx .
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg 2006 .
3> lixitGnuBaØatbegáIt nigRbtibtþikarkMBg;Ep ³
Rkumh‘un Mong Reththy Group eKhTMB½r
http://www.mongreththy.com/oknhamong.htm .
h‘un Esn sunÞrkfaenABiFIsem<aFkMBg;Ep]kj:a m:ug
éf¶TI 2 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2004 eKhTMB½r http://www.cnv.org.kh .
4> GgÁúyelIRkumRbwkSakak)aTRkhmkm<úCa ³
kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa {kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa manRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKgfµI
nigGKÁelxaFikarfµImñak;} Ex sIha qñaM 2006 eKhTMB½r
http://www.redcross.org.kh/news_events/2006/4thGA.html .
5> GmdMeNIr h‘un Esn enAeBleFVIdMeNIreTAkan;RbeTscin ³
kic©RbCMuGaCIvkmµ nigvinieyaKcin-Gas‘an bBa¢IraynamGñkcUlrYm
eKhTMB½r http://www.cabiforum.org/foreign.html .
6> kmµviFI karpþl;luydl; {sala h‘un Esn} ³
esam sataNa {karrwbGUsfñaMejón naM[manCemøaHneya)ay
rbs;RbeTskm<úCay:agqab;rh½s} sarB½t’man Associated Press
Worldstream éf¶TI 6 Ex emsa qñaM 1997 .
Xag G‘un {neya)ay GMNac nigRbCaFibetyükUnkat;}
Asian Perspective, Vol. 29, No. 2, qñaM 2005 TMB½r 226 .
Éksareyag
108 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
1 Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA can; sarun kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enHedaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkarkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[rdæm®nþI can; sarun sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .2 Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA TI suKn§ kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,I
esñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH
edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global
Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúg
lixit[ TI suKn§ sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] . 3 Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA huIg b‘unehog kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ huIg b‘unehog sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .4 Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA hak; em:A kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGV IEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ hak; em:A sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA DI cUc kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,I
esñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH
edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global
Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúg
lixit[ DI cUc sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .6 Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA esg Kag kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,I
esñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH
edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global
Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúg
lixit[ esg Kag sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] . 7
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Xun fug kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,I
esñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH
edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global
Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúg
lixit[ Xun fug sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] . 8 Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA esg kukh‘ag kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ esg kukh‘ag sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .9 karvaytémøvis½yéRBeQIedayÉkraCü (Independent Forest Sector Review)
qñaM 2004/http://www.cambodia-forest-sector.net/ . (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkay
bMputenAéf¶TI 18 Ex mina qñaM 2007) . 10
mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati (International Monetary Fund) {TisedAENnaMelItmøaPaB
cMNUlFnFan} Ex mifuna qñaM 2005/ http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/grrt/eng/
060705.pdf . (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 13 Ex mina qñaM 2007) 11
sRmab;B½t’manbEnßmsþIBIKMnitpþÜcepþImtmøaPaB]sSahkmµcRmaj; (Extractive
Industries Transparency Initiative) [EITI] sUmemIl http://www.eitransparency.org/
section/abouteiti. (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 13 Ex mina qñaM 2007)
12 karvaytémøy:aghµt;ct;elIesdækic©énkarpøas;bþÚrbriyakas (Stern Review on the
Economics of Climate Change) KWCar)aykarN_edayesdækic©viTU Sir Nicholas Stern
]btßmÖedayrtnaKarGg;eKøs (RksYghirBaØvtßú) nigRtUv)ane)aHBum<pSayenAkñúgEx tula
qñaM 2006 . r)aykarN_enH GacRtUv)anykecjBI http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/
independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_
report.cfm. (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 22 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .
karGFib,ayrbs;karvaytémøeTAelItYnaTIrbs;éRBFmµCati manenAkñúgCMBUk 25
{plb:HBal;BIkarpøas;bþÚrkareRbIR)as;dI} TMB½r 537
.13
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTAnaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúg
r)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’masþIBIGVI
EdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[naykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness
tamry³ [email protected] .14
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Lia Chun Hua kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ Lia Chun Hua sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA esA suxa kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,I
esñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH
edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqø IytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGV IEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ esA suxa sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA m:ug bJT§I kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,I
esñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH
edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . emFavIrbs; m:ug bJT§I )aneqøIytbmkkan;
eyIg´ bdiesFpþl;[kareqøIytbCalaylkçN_GkSr EtCMnYsedaykarpþl;[nUvkar
smÖasn_pÞal;mat; . Global Witness )anTTYl yksMeNIenH EtenAeBle)aHBum<pSay
min)anTTYldMNwgBIemFavIrbs; m:ug bJT§I enaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ m:ug bJT§ I sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
esckþIEføgkarN_eday Peter Leuprecht tMNagBiessrbs;GKÁelxaFikarGgÁkar
shRbCaCatisRmab;siT§imnusSenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaenAkñúgsm½yRbCMuelIkTI 61 rbs;
KN³kmµkarsiT§imnusSénGgÁkarshRbCaCati enAéf¶TI 19 Ex emsa qñaM 2005 . 18
Steve Heder {karbRgYbbRgYmrbs; h‘un Esn - karsøab; b¤karcab;epþImkMENTRm
g;?}
Southeast Asian Affairs qñaM 2005 TMB½r 114. USAID karvaytémøGMeBIBukrlYy
RbeTskm<úCa Ex sIha qñaM 2004 TMB½r 2 TMB½r 4 TMB½r 7 . Tim Conway nig Caroline
Hughes karyl;dwgBIkarpøas;bþÚrneya)ayKaMRTCnRkIRk ³ dMeNIrkareKalneya)ay
kñúgRbeTskm<úCa ODI qñaM 2004 TMB½r 18 TMB½r 42 .19
Global Witness )ansresreTAkan; kuk Gan/ lI y:ugpat;/ eLA em:gXin/
Cwg suPaB/ Em:n sarun nig Kg; RTIv kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2006 edIm,IesñIsMueyabl;BYkeKBI
bBaðasMxan;²Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYy
BYkeK . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytb
enaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixitTaMgenH sUmTMnak;TMng
Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .20
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at;BIrqñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkkaEst
qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGtItm®nþIraCkar qñaM 2005 .21
Tim Conway nig Caroline Hughes karyl;dwgBIkarpøas;bþÚrneya)ayKaMRTPaB
RkIRk ³ dMeNIrkareKalneya)aykñúgRbeTskm<úCa/ ODI qñaM 2004 TMB½r 19 . USAID
Éksareyag
Éksareyag
109ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
karvaytémøGMeBIBukrlYyRbeTskm<úCa Ex sIha qñaM 2004 TMB½r 6 . Christine J. Nissen
rs;enAeRkamkarRKb;RKgBukrlYy - karviPaKBITRmg;RbcaMéf¶énkarGnuvtþGMeBIBukrlYy
kñúgRbeTskm<úCa mCÄmNÐlGPivDÆn_km<úCa RkugPñMeBj qñaM 2005 TMB½r 18/ TMB½r 24 . 22
vresnIy_Ék DJ Mead (Ret.) {kMENTRmg;kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ ³ PaBCaGñk
dwknaM KWCakarsMxan;} kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 30 Ex mkra - 12 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2004 . 23
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at;mYy qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkCMnaj
karTUt qñaM 2005 karGegátRsavRCavdl;kEnøg qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI
kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 nigqñaM 2006 .24
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 .25
FnaKarBiPBelak (World Bank) km<úCa - TsSn³vis½ysRmab;karGPivDÆn_vis½y
éRBeQI qñaM 1999 TMB½r i . KeRmagRKb;RKgéRBeQIRbkbedayecrPaBrbs;FnaKar
GPivDÆn_GasuI (Asian Development Bank) r)aykarN_vaytémøsm,TanéRBeQIrbs;
RbeTskm<úCa qñaM 2000 TMB½r 20 .26
esckþIRbkaskarBRgwg nigGPi)alkic©c,ab;éRBeQIGasuIbUBa’ éf¶TI 13 Ex kBaØa
qñaM 2001 .27
]TahrN_ cUremIlÉksaresñI nigpþl;karGnuBaØatBak;B½n§karpþl;eQIsRmab;
kgBltUcelx 911 edIm,Isagsg;bnÞayhat;elatq½Rteyag Ex FñÚ qñaM 2003
nigEx mkra qñaM 2004 . sMeNIsMueQIeFVITUkRbNaMgrbs;vtþ EdlcuHhtßelxaeday
Ca sun éf¶TI 13 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2003 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkRKb;RKgeragcRk
GareQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Northeast Lumber Company qñaM 2003 .28
Lee Berthiaume nig Bin suvNÑ {m®nþIKyerobcMr)aykarN_kab;eQIxusc,ab;}
kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 3 Ex mifuna qñaM 2005 .29
lixitBIrdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT can; sarun [RbFanrdæ)al
éRBeQI TI suKn§ éf¶TI 7 Ex mina qñaM 2005 .30
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA eCom yab kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVI Edlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ eCom yab sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
lixitBIRbFanKN³kmµkarsPasþIBIkarsagsg;sPaCati eCom yab [rdæm®nþI
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT can; sarun éf¶TI 29 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004 .32
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2007 .33
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTARkumh‘un Heng Brothers kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Rkumh‘uncMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIg
kñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyRkumh‘un . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVI EdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[Rkumh‘un Heng Brothers sUmTMnak;TMng
Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .34
lixitBIRbFanrdæ)aléRBeQI TI suKn§ [RbFanxNÐrdæ)aléRBeQIkñúgextþrtn³KIrI
éf¶TI 9 Ex mina qñaM 2005 .35
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2004 . kic©snüasagsg;pøÚvrvag
hYt rdæsaDI nigRkumh‘un Green Elite Group Co., Ltd. EdleyageTAelIkic©snüaBImun
rvagPaKITaMgBIr edIm,IGnuvtþkarkab;eQIxusc,ab; . yun saemon {b:UlIsse®gÁaHkmµkr
BIRkumh‘uneQI} kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 12 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004 .36
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTARkumh‘un Ly Chhuong Construction
Company kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Rkumh‘uncMeBaHbBaðacm,g²
Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyRkumh‘un .
enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT .
sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVI EdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[Rkumh‘un Ly Chhuong Construction
Company sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ mail@globalwitnessorg .37
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkkaEst qñaM 2007 . yun saemon {bNþwgRtUv)andak;
CUnsþIBIkarlk;TIsñak;karKNbkShV‘únsuinbuic} vicarNkfaRbcaMs)aþh_rbs;kaEst
exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 6-10 Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 . Éksarrbs;Rkumh‘un Ly Chhuong
Company EdlRtUv)anpþl;[GñkkaEstedayGñkkab;eQI EdleFVIkar[Rkumh‘un
Heng Brothers qñaM 2005 .
38 kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCav
qñaM 2007 .39
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2006 .40
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIm®nþImñak; qñaM 2006 . lag dWluc ‘Bois du nouveau palais de
l’Assemblée: la polémique flambe’ kaEst kaMbUds½r TMB½r 25-27 Ex sIha qñaM 2006 . 41
raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa karGnuvtþyuT§sa®sþctuekaN nigtRmUvkarCMnYyGPivDÆn_
Ex vicäika qñaM 2004 TMB½r 33 kfaxNÐ 126 .42
Bin suvNÑ nig Lee Berthiaume {naykrdæm®nþIriHKn; Global Witness edayniyay
fa { RtUv)anbBa©b;ehIy} kaEst xaMbUDaedlI éf¶TI 2 Ex kBaØa qñaM 2005 .43
David A. Ashwell, Frank R. Miller nig Ignas Dummer {eGkULÚsuI KRmbéRBeQI
nigKuNPaB} karvaytémøemIlvis½yéRBeQIedayÉkraCürbs;km<úCa CMBUk I qñaM 2004
http://www.cambodia-forest-sector.net/ .
(RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 18 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .44
kic©smÖasn_CamYyTIRbwkSabec©keTsKeRmagsakl,gRKb;RKg nigRtYtBinitü
sm,TanéRBeQIrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak qñaM 2003 .45
naykrdæm®nþ I h‘un Esn {sunÞrkfaenArukçTiva enAtMbn;TwkFøak;k,alqay
RkugRBHsIhnu} éf¶TI 9 Ex kkáda qñaM 2003
http://www.cnv.org.kh/2003_releases/090703_arbor_day_sihanoukville.htm.
(RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMput enAéf¶TI 24 Ex mina qñaM 2007)46
GgÁkares,ógGahar nigksikmµ karvaytémøFnFanéRBeQICasklqñaM 2005
]bsm<½n§ 3 taragskl TMB½r 233 ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/A0400E/
A0400E14.pdf . (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMput enAéf¶TI 18 Ex mina qñaM 2007) . 47
Guy De Launey { km<úCa {karTTYlrgeRKaHBIvibtþidIFøI} } BBC éf¶TI 2 Ex kBaØa
qñaM 2005 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4207138.stm . (RtUv)an
ykecjcugeRkaybMput enAéf¶TI 19 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .48
esckþIGFib,ayedayrdæm®nþIrdæaPi)al RtUv)andkRsg;kñúg Steve Heder {elçan
neya)aykñúgRbeTskm<úCa ³ rdæRbCaFibetyü karbRgYbbRgYm} BRgagminTan;)an
e)aHBum< Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004 .49
Charles McDermid nig Vong Sokheng {raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaBicarNaelIkar
Gnum½tR)ak; $601 lan} kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 10-23 Ex mina qñaM 2006 .50
Cat Barton, {ekµgvaytb;ry³eBlyUrrbs; h‘un Esn mnusSd¾RtwmRtUvrbs;
GgÁkarshRbCaCati} (‘UN rights men Hun Sen’s long-time whipping boys’)
kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 7-20 Ex emsa qñaM 2006 .51
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA h‘un tU kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñ úglixit[ h‘ un tU sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2006 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIbuKÁliksiT§imnusS
qñaM 2006 .53
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnextþkMBg;cam qñaM 2005 . Global Witness )ansresr
lixitmYyc,ab;eTA sat esOn kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;
Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin
b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat;. enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)an
TTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[
sat esOn sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .54
karTMnak;TMngedaypÞal;BIGtItsmaCikbuKÁlik UNOHCHR qñaM 2006 .
eLa can;dara: nig Porter Barron {ecARkmrkeXIjfa karRKb;RKgEpndI minRtUvePøceT
}kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 20 Ex kkáda qñaM 2004}.55
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnextþkMBg;cam qñaM 2005 . Hurley Scroggins {karRKb;-
RKgTenøemKgÁFøak;cuH} kaEst PñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 30 Ex tula - 12 Ex vicäika qñaM 1998 . 56
]TahrN_ cUremIl Global Witness minGacb:HBal;)an qñaM 1999 . karbMpøic
bMpøajéRBeQIedayminkMNt; qñaM 2002 .57
kic©smÖasn_CamYym©as;eragcRkGareQI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCn
mUldæan extþRBHvihar qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2003 .
Éksareyag
110 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
58 kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 .
59 kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁliksiT§imnusS nigRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2005 .
60 raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa GnuRkwtüsþIBIkarbegáItemdaysßabnaCati nigb½NÑsßabnaCati
éf¶TI 30 Ex mifuna qñaM 1994 .61
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnextþkMBg;cam qñaM 2005 .62
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2003 . kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)al
éRBeQI qñaM 2006 . kic©RBmeRBogpÁt;pÁg;eQIrvag esg Kag nig Xun fug
nigRkumh‘un Kingwood cuHéf¶TI 3 Ex tula qñaM 2001 . 63
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 2000 .64
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 .65
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA b‘un ra:nI kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ b‘un ra:nI sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA lag vYceqg kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúg
r)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ lag vYceqg sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness
tamry³ [email protected] .67
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikrbs; DI cUc qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIbuKÁlik
siT§imnusS qñaM 2006 .68
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikrbs; DI cUc qñaM 2005 .69
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikRkumh‘unkab;eQI nigbuKÁlikrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2001 . 70
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 2001 .71
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 2000 . kic©RBmeRBogpÁt;pÁg;eQIrvag
esg Kag nig Xun fug nigRkumh‘un Kingwood cuHéf¶TI 3 Ex tula qñaM 2001 .72
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlBak;B½n§kñúgkarRbmUlbNþwgRbqaMgRkumh‘un Everbright
CIG Wood qñaM 2003, 2004, 2005 .73
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbtibtþikareragcRkGareQI qñaM 2001 .74
kic©smÖasn_CamYyédKUrbs; DI cUc qñaM 2004 . Éksarkt;RtaBIkic©RBmeRBog
rvag Xun fug/ esg Kag nigRkumh‘un Kingwood Company .75
FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI . r)aykarN_Binitüsm,TanéRBeQIRbeTskm<úCa
qñaM 2000 TMB½r 31 .76
GnusSarN³ niglkçnþik³Rkumh‘un Kingwood Industry Pte., Ltd. qñaM 1995 .
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Lim Yok Fong kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ Lim Yok Fong sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA sux Ekv kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ sux Ekv sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
kic©RBmeRBogCYlrvag sux Ekv nigRkumh‘un Kingwood Ex kBaØa qñaM 1994 .
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA KI tic kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñI
sMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH eday
sarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global
Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVI EdlmansresrenAkñúg
lixit[ KI tic sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .
79 kic©RBmeRBogbBa©aMrvagFnaKarsaFarN³km<úCa nig sux Ekv éf¶TI 8 Ex mifuna
qñaM 2001 .80
r)aykarN_edayGñkviPaK]sSahkmµ qñaM 2001 .81
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 1997 . lixitBIshrdæm®nþIénTIsþIkar
KN³rdæm®nþI eTAkan;rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT Bak;B½n§ {krNIesñIsMu
karyl;RBmRbmUleQIelx 2 cMnYn 50,000m3 Edl)ankab;kñúgRkumh‘unsm,Tanik
éRBeQI Kingwood Industry Pte Ltd. kñúgextþRkecH} éf¶TI 27 Ex mina qñaM 1997 .82
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 1998 .83
KeRmagRKb;RKgéRBeQIRbkbedayecrPaBrbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_Gasu I .
r)aykarN_Binitüsm,TanéRBeQIRbeTskm<úCa ]bsm<½n§ 1 ³ karvaytémøsm,Tan
Rkumh‘un Kingwood qñaM 2000 TMB½r 7 .84
kic©snüaRBmeRBogrvag esg Kag nigRkumh‘un Kingwood Bak;B½n§nwgkarpÁt;pÁg;
eQI éf¶TI 3 Ex tula qñaM 2001 .85
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2003, 2004 .86
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTAFnaKar MayBank kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;FnaKarcMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIg
kñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[FnaKar MayBank sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness
tamry³ [email protected] .87
esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakarkMBUl éf¶TI 11 Ex sIha qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_
CamYYyRbPBsm¶at;mYy qñaM 2003, 2004 .88
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at;BIr qñaM 2004 .89
kaEst exmbUDaedlI {smaKmemFavI TamTarkarRtYtBinitübEnßmeTotelIkar
karBarrbs; ECCC} vicarNkfaRbcaMs)aþh_rbs; kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 13-17
Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 .90
Erika Kinetz {sux Gan GMBavna[man {karBiPakSa} rbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati
sþIBIkarkarBarExµrRkhm} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 18 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2006 . smaKm
emFavIGnþrCati {karKRmamkMEhgedaykarlubecalkarbNþúHbNþal IBA rbs;
emFavIExµr kñúgkarCYydl;tulakarkat;eTasExµrRkhm} éf¶TI 24 Ex vicäika qñaM 2006
http://www.ibanet.org/iba/article.cfm?article=100 .
(RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 14 Ex mina qñaM 2007) . r)aykarN_rbs;
IBA niyayBIkarKRmamkMEhg {cat;viFankarN_} rbs; KI tic RbqaMgemFavIExµr
EdlcUlrYmkñúgvKÁbNþúHbNþal IBA .91
karXøaMemIlrbs;siT§imnusS {rdæaPi)aleRCotERCkkñúgtulakarkat;eTasExµr
Rkhm . m©as;CMnYyKYrEtTTYlsÁal;viFI EdlyuT§sa®sþrdæaPi)alKRmamkMEhg
dMeNIrkarTaMgmUl} éf¶TI 5 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2006/ http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/12/05/
cambod14752_txt.htm . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIbuKÁliksiT§imnusSBIrnak; qñaM 2007 .92
eday)anlatRtdagPsþútagBIkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;rbs; GAT/ Global Witness
)anerobcMdMeNIreTAkan;sm,Tanrbs;Rkumh‘un edaym®nþIrdæaPi)al m©as;CMnYyGnþrCati
nigGñkkaEst .93
kic©RBmeRBogCalaylkçN_GkSrrvag esg Kag/ Xun fug nig Lia Chun Hua
éf¶TI 12 Ex sIha qñaM 2002 .94
kic©RBmeRBogCalaylkçN_GkSrrvag esg Kag/ Xun fug nig Lia Chun Hua
éf¶TI 19 Ex sIha qñaM 2002 .95
kic©RBmeRBogCalaylkçN_GkSrrvag esg Kag/ Xun fug nig Lia Chun Hua
éf¶TI 20 Ex sIha qñaM 2002 .96
GnuRkwtüelx 88 GnRk>bk cuHéf¶TI 29 Ex FñÚ qñaM 1997 maRta 8.2 sþIBIkar
Gnuvtþc,ab;vinieyaK .97
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikeragcRk Kingwood qñaM 2002 nig 2003 .98
kic©smÖasn_CamYyédKUCitsñiT§irbs; esg Kag qñaM 2004 .99
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikBaNiC¢kmµeQI qñaM 2004 .100
kic©smÖasn_CamYyédKUGaCIvkmµrbs; esg Kag qñaM 2004 .101
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikrbs; DI cUc qñaM 2005 .102
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImñak; qñaM 2004 .
Éksareyag
111ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
103 kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞmñak; qñaM 2002 . Global Witness
)ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Ekv sarIm kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukar
GFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysar
EtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness
min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit
[ Ekv sarIm sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .104
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikeragcRk Kingwood qñaM 2005 .105
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikrbs; DI cUc qñaM 2002 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyédKUCitsñiT§i
rbs; esg Kag qñaM 2004 .106
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 2002 .107
karcuHGegátdl;kEnøgqñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikrbs; DI cUc qñaM 2005 . 108
esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakarkMBUl éf¶TI 11 Ex sIha qñaM 2005 .109
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIm®nþIraCkar Ex tula qñaM 2006 .110
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2003 nig 2004 .111
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Lee Kwan Siang kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIg
kñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ Lee Kwan Siang sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness
tamry³ [email protected] .112
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA eCt bUra:vuF kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGV IEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ eCt bUra:vuF sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .113
Éksarrbs;TIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI lubecalsm,Tanrbs;Rkumh‘un Kingwood nig
Rkumh‘un Mieng Ly Heng éf¶TI 12 Ex sIha qñaM 2003 .114
FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI r)aykarN_Binitüsm,TanéRBeQIRbeTskm<úCa qñaM 2000
TMB½r 25 .115
FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI r)aykarN_Binitüsm,TanéRBeQIRbeTskm<úCa ]bsm<½n§ 1
qñaM 2000 TMB½r 2 .116
esckþIRbkaspøÚvkarrbs;rdæaPi)alsþIBIkarbegáItcMkarekAs‘UlkçN³RKYsar éf¶TI 8
Ex sIha qñaM 2000 .117
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTARkumh‘un Colexim Enterprise
kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Rkumh‘uncMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl
)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyRkumh‘un .
enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaH
eT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGV I EdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[Rkumh‘un Colexim
Enterprise sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .118
GnuRkwtüsþIBIkardkdIRkhmBIsm,TanéRBeQIsRmab;kardaMekAs‘U éf¶TI 17
Ex sIha qñaM 2001 .119
Andrew Macdonald, karGegátRsavRCavbrisßanéRBLg; extþkMBg;FM qñaM 2004
TMB½r 24 .120
David A. Ashwell, Frank R. Miller nig Ignas Dummer, {brisßan KRmbéRBeQI
nigKuNPaB} karBinitüvis½yéRBeQI edayÉkraCürbs;RbeTskm<úCa EpñkTI II CMBUk I
qñaM 2004 TMB½r 34 http://www.cambodia-forest-sector.net/docs/CIFSR%20
Part%20II%20Chapt%2001%20Nature%20and%20status.pdf
(RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 18 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .121
David Ashwell kñúgkarshkarCamYynaykdæanGPirkS nigkarBarFmµCati
RksYgbrisßan RbeTskm<úCa - karRbemIlemIlBICIvcRmuHFmµCati IUCN qñaM 1997
TMB½r 56 .122
Macdonald, karGegátRsavRCavéRBLg; qñaM 2004 TMB½r 27 .123
David A. Ashwell, Frank R. Miller nig Ignas Dummer, {brisßan KRmbéRBeQI
nigKuNPaB} karBinitüvis½yéRBeQIedayÉkraCürbs;RbeTskm<úCa EpñkTI II CMBUk I
qñaM 2004 TMB½r 35 .
124 r)aykarN_esuIbGegátrbs;RkumGFikarkic©sþIBIRbeTskm<úCa ³ KeRmagsakl,g
RKb;RKg nigRtYtBinitüsm,TanéRBeQI éf¶TI 11 Ex emsa qñaM 2006 TMB½r xx .125
karBinitüvis½yéRBeQIedayÉkraCürbs;RbeTskm<úCa r)aykarN_em qñaM 2004
TMB½r 39 . http://www.cambodia-forest-sector.net126
karcuHRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg karsmÖasn_CamYytMNagRkumh‘un HBH qñaM 2006 .
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIbuKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al qñaM 2007 .127
karBinitüvis½yéRBeQIedayÉkraCürbs;RbeTskm<úCa qñaM 2004 TMB½r 50 .
http://www.cambodia-forest-sector.net1228
Nicholas Stern, r)aykarN_BinitüCak;lak;BIesdækic© nigkarpøas;bþÚrbriyakas
qñaM 2006 CMBUk 25 .129
r)aykarN_BIRbFanmnÞIrksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT extþkMBg;FM EGm PNÐ
eTA[rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT can; sarun éf¶TI 27 Ex vicäika
qñaM 2000 .130
RBM tula nig Bruce McKenney plitpléRBeQIBaNiC¢kmµkñúgRbeTskm<úCa ³
CemøaH karKRmamkMEhg nigkalanuvtþPaB sRmab;karykC½r viTüasßanFnFanGPivDÆn_
km<úCa qñaM 2003 TMB½r ii .131
Tom Evans/ hYt Bisidæ/ pit PRkþa nig hgS m:arI/ karsikSaBIkarykC½r
nigkarciBa©wmCivitkñúgPaKxagt,ÚextþmNÐlKIrI RbeTskm<úCa Bak;B½n§nwgkarGPirkS
nigkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI GgÁkarGPirkSstVéRB qñaM 2003 TMB½r 6 .132
Bruce McKenney/ ywm Ca/ RBM tula nig Tom Evans/ karepþateTAelIéRBeQI
mantémøx<s;rbs;RbeTskm<úCa ³ karciBa©wmCivit nigkarRKb;RKgviTüasßanFnFan
GPivDÆn_km<úCa nigGgÁkarGPirkSstVéRB Ex vicäika qñaM 2004 TMB½r 55 .133
tula nig McKenney plitpléRBeQIBaNiC¢kmµkñúgRbeTskm<úCa viTüasßan
FnFanGPivDÆn_km<úCa Ex vicäika qñaM 2003 CMBUk 3 .134
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikRkumh‘unsm,TaneQI qñaM 2001 .135
esovePARbmUlpleQIRbmUlsRmab;sm,TansÞwgERtg¼faLabrivtþrbs;
Rkumh‘un Pheapimex-Fuchan qñaM 2001 .136
Tom Evans, hYt Bisidæ, pit PRkþa nig hgS m:arI/ karsikSaBIkarykC½r
nigkarciBa©wmCivitkñúgPaKxagt,ÚextþmNÐlKIrI RbeTskm<úCa Bak;B½n§nwgkarGPirkS
nigkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI GgÁkarGPirkSstVéRB qñaM 2003 TMB½r 7 .137
rdæaPi)alkm<úCa GnuRkwtüsþIBIkardkdIRkhmBIsm,TanéRBeQIsRmab;kardaM
ekAs‘U éf¶TI 17 Ex sIha qñaM 2001 .138
sunÞrkfaedaynaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn éf¶TI 29 Ex sIha qñaM 2001 .139
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA m:uk Kwmhug RbFanRkumh‘un
cMkarekAs‘UCb; kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaða
cm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat;
b¤Rkumh‘uncMkarekAs‘UCb; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness
min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit
[ m:uk Kwmhug sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .140
kariyal½ysñgkarCan;x<s;siT§imnusSénGgÁkarshRbCaCati sm,TandIsRmab;
eKalbMNgesdækic©kñúgRbeTskm<úCa TsSn³vis½y siT§imnusS ]bsm<½n§ 1 Ex vicäika
qñaM 2004 .141
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 2002 .142
Éksarrbs;RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ EdlcuHbBa¢IRkumh‘un Seng Keang Import Export
Company Limited CapøÚvkar Ex vicäika qñaM 2002 .143
karGnuBaØatenHsMedAeTAkñúg RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT {karGnuBaØat
begáIteragcRkbnÞHeQI Edlpþl;[Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Import Export Co., Ltd.}
Ex kBaØa qñaM 2004 .144
mCÄmNÐlGPivDÆn_sgÁm GMeBIBukrlYy nigRKYsarRbCaCnExµr - karGegát
RsavRCavkñúgRKYsarsþIBITsSnaTan \riyabf nigplb:HBal;TRmg;énkarGnuvtþGMeBI
BukrlYyCaerogral;éf¶kñúgRbeTskm<úCa RkugPñMeBj qñaM 2005 TMB½r 48 .145
lixitBI can; sarun rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT CUn]bnayk
rdæm®nþI sux Gan éf¶TI 14 Ex emsa qñaM 2006 .146
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIbuKÁliksiT§imnusS qñaM 2005 .147
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2003 .148
karRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2003 .
Éksareyag
112 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
149 Porter Barron {RBMEdnminc,as;enAcMkarekAs‘UkMBg;FM} kaEst exmbUDaedlI
éf¶TI 2 Ex kBaØa qñaM 2003 . buKÁlikrbs; Global Witness manvtþmanenAkñúg
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI EdlesckþIGFib,ayrbs;Kat; RtUv)anelIkeLIgenATIenH .150
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIkariyal½ysñgkarCan;x<s;siT§imnusSénGgÁkarshRbCa-
CatikñúgRbeTskm<úCa qñaM 2003 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyBaNiC¢kreQI qñaM 2004 .151
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCavBak;B½n§kic©smÖasn_ CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI
qñaM 2003 . karGegátRsavRCavdl;kEnøg qñaM 2003 .152
Porter Barron {RBMEdnminc,as;enAcMkarekAs‘UkMBg;FM} kaEst exmbUDaedlI
éf¶TI 2 Ex kBaØa qñaM 2003 .153
lixitBI can; sarun rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT eTAkan;Rkum
kargarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCatirbs;m©as;CMnYyGnþCati éf¶TI 23 Ex kBaØa qñaM 2003 . 154
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT {karGnuBaØatbegáIteragcRkkþarbnÞH
Edlpþl;[Rkumh‘un Seng Keang Import Export Co., Ltd.} Ex kBaØa qñaM 2004 .155
raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa GnuRkwtüsþIBIviFankarN_rwtbnþwgvis½ykarvinieyaK qñaM 1999 . 156
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 .157
]TahrN_ cUremIlr)aykarN_bTelµIsrbs; Global Witness qñaM 2002 nig
qñaM 2003 .158
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2005 .159
kic©smÖasn_CamYyePJóvenAeBlsem<aFeragcRkRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company
qñaM 2005 .160
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .161
Rkumh‘un Colexim Enterprise sMeNIdwkCBa¢ÚneQI Ex ]sPa qñaM 2003 .162
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2002 nigqñaM 2003.163
Rkumh‘un Colexim {bNþwgsRmab;bnþskmµPaB} EdlepJICUn can; sarun rdæm®nþI
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT éf¶TI 12 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2003 .164
lixitBIRkumh‘un Colexim eTA[rdæ)aléRBeQI éf¶TI 16 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2003
.lixitBIFnaKarBiPBelakeTAkan;rdæ)aléRBeQI Ex tula qñaM 2002 .165
lixitBIRkumkargarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCatirbs;m©as;CMnYyGnþrCatieTAkan; can; -
sarun rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT éf¶TI 30 Ex mifuna qñaM 2003 .166
lixitBIRkumkargarRKb;RKgFnFanFmµCatirbs;m©as;CMnYyGnþrCatieTAkan; can; -
sarun rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT éf¶TI 28 Ex tula qñaM 2003 .167
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñktMNag SGS qñaM 2005 .168
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñktMNag SGS
qñaM 2005 .169
lixitBI SGSeTAkan; Global Witness éf¶TI 15 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 .170
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .171
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan nigbuKÁlikeragcRk qñaM 2005 .172
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg nigkic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005
nig 2006 .173
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2005 nig 2006 . kic©smÖasn_CamYy
RbCaCnmUldæan nigbuKÁlik qñaM 2005 qñaM 2006 . kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlik
GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al qñaM 2005 .174
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan nigm®nþI
qñaM 2005 .175
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA sU suvNÑ kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGV IEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ sU suvNÑ sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .176
Rkumh‘un Colexim Enterprise EpnkarRKb;RKgéRBeQIRbkbedayecrPaB
qñaM 2002 . RkumBieRKaHeyabl; GFA RbeTskm<úCa - karBinitüEpnkarRKb;RKg
éRBeQIyuT§sa®sþ EdlerobcMedayRkumh‘unsm,TanEdlRbtibtþikarkñúgRbeTskm<úCa
EpñkTI II Ex sIha qñaM 2005 TMB½r 54-55 . kareqøIytbtamGuIem:lrvag hg; s‘unRta
m®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQIEdlerobrab;xøÜnKat;faCaCMnYykar sU suvNÑ nigRkumh‘uneQI
éf¶TI 14 Ex emsa qñaM 2002 .
177 ]TahrN_ cUremIl Global Witness minGacb:HBal;)an (2000) nigkarbMpøic
bMpøajéRBeQIedayKµankMNt; (2002) . r)aykarN_TaMgenH Gacykecj)anBI
www.globalwitness.org . 178
kic©smÖasn_rbs; Global Witness CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2000 . kariyal½y
sñgkarCan;x<s;siT§imnusSénGgÁkarshRbCaCati sm,TandIsRmab;eKalbMNg
esdækic©kñúgRbeTskm<úCa Ex vicäika qñaM 2004 .179
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA ecg sava:t; kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaða cm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ ecg sava:t; sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .180
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA sVay sava:t; kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ sVay sava:t; sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .181
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2006 .182
RkumBieRKaHeyabl; GFA RbeTskm<úCa - karBinitüEpnkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI
yuT§sa®sþ EdlerobcMedayRkumh‘unsm,Tan EdlRbtibtþikarkñúgRbeTskm<úCaEpñk
TI II Ex sIha qñaM 2005 TMB½r 60 .183
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA nak; suxéN kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ nak; suxéN sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .184
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA gin va:n;éf kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ gin va:n;éf sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .185
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .186
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKlikeragcRk qñaM 2005 .187
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 2006 .188
DYg b‘unñI GnusSarN³eTAkan; can; sarun rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj;
nigensaT Edl)ansresrkñúgEx vicäika b¤ Ex FñÚ qñaM 2006 .189
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA sat; can;fa kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ sat; can;fa sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .190
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA G‘uy eKo kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGV IEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ G‘uy eKo sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .191
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg karsmÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI nigRbCaCn
mUldæan qñaM 2004 .192
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg karsmÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI BaNiC¢kreQI
nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .193
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI qñaM 2005 .
Éksareyag
113ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
194 kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .
195 karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIbuKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al qñaM 2005 .
196 kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikRkumh‘un Seng Keang Company qñaM 2005 .
197 kic©smÖasn_CamYyGtItbuKÁlikrbs; DI cUc qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYy
RbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2005 .198
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan BaNiC¢kreQI nigm®nþIkgBltUcelx 70
qñaM 2005 .199
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ nigm®nþImUldæan . karGegát
RsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2005 .200
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at;BIr qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .201
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 2001 .202
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁlikenAeragcRk Kingwood qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT qñaM 2004 . karGegát
RsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 .203
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT qñaM 2004 .204
rdæ)aléRBeQI {RbeTskm<úCa ³ sßitiéRBeQIqñaM 2004} Ex ]sPa qñaM 2005 .205
http://comtrade.un.org/ . esovePABaNiC¢kmµBiPBelak (sRmab;qñaM 2003
nig 2004) esovePAkMNt;ehtuRbcaMqñaMsßitiKyrbs;RbeTscin (sRmab;qñaM 2005)
nigKyRbeTscin (sRmab;Ex mkra dl; vicäika qñaM 2006)206
http://www.aseansec.org/carh/Capital%20Account%20regime%20files/
Cambodia%20Capital%20Account%20Regime.pdf
http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/t&ipub2320_part3.pdf207
Ep¥ktamr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaMfµIbMputCab;²Kña BIGgÁkaréRBeQIRtUBicGnþrCati .208
kic©smÖasn_CamYyBaNiC¢kreQI qñaM 2006 .209
kic©smÖasn_CamYyb:UlIs nigkgraCGavuFhtß qñaM 2005 .210
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 . 211
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2006 .212
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI qñaM 2005 . karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg
qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .213
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkykC½rkñúgXMu suxeCt qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .214
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkykC½r qñaM 2006 .215
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkPUmi nigGñkkab;eQI qñaM 2005 .216
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2006 .217
kic©smÖasn_CamYysmaCikRkumshKmn_éRBeQI qñaM 2005 .218
kic©smÖasn_CamYysakSIpÞal;EPñk qñaM 2005 .219
kic©smÖasn_CamYysakSIpÞal;EPñk . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlikrbs;
UNOHCHR qñaM 2005 .220
kic©smÖasn_CamYysakSIpÞal;EPñk . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al
siT§imnusS qñaM 2007 .221
kic©smÖasn_CamYysakSIpÞal;EPñk . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlikrbs;
UNOHCHR qñaM 2005 . karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2005 .222
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTACakMBUl kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGV IEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ Ca kMBUl sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .223
kic©smÖasn_CamYysakSIpÞal;EPñk . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlikrbs;
UNOHCHR qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .224
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alsiT§imnusS qñaM 2007 .225
kic©smÖasn_CamYysakSIpÞal;EPñk . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlikrbs;
UNOHCHR qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alsiT§imnusS qñaM 2006 . 226
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlikrbs; UNOHCHR qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMng
pÞal;BIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alsiT§imnusS qñaM 2007 .227
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlikrbs; UNOHCHR qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMng
pÞal;BIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alsiT§imnusS qñaM 2006 .
228 SGS r)aykarN_RbcaMRtImasTIbI qñaM 2004 GñkRtYtBinitüÉkraCü - karRtYtBinitü
nigkarraykarN_bTelµIséRBeQI Ex tula qñaM 2004 TMB½r 19-20 .229
UNOHCHR r)aykarN_rbs;tMNagBiessrbs;GKÁelxaFikarGgÁkarshRbCa-
Cati sRmab;siT§imnusSenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa Yash Ghai Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2006 TMB½r 18 . 230
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2006 .231
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA hYr KImeqg kñúgEx mina qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ hYr KImeqg sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .232
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2007 .233
lixitBI esg Kag CUneTAGPi)alextþkMBg;FM éf¶TI 18 Ex sIha qñaM 2005 .234
r)aykarN_BIkarGegátRsavRCavdl;kEnøgsþIBIsßanPaBéRBeQIsRmab;Rkumh‘un
Seng Keang Import Export Co., Ltd. kñúgRsuksNþan; extþkMBg;FM .235
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2006 . kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI qñaM 2006 . 236
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI qñaM 2007 .237
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIbuKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al qñaM 2007 .238
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 .239
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .240
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI nigkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 .241
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI
qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyGtItm®nþI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_ nigkarTMnak;TMng
pÞal;BIGtItm®nþI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .
USAID karvaytémøGMeBIBukrlYykñúgRbeTskm<úCa Ex sIha qñaM 2004 TMB½r 4 .242
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI
qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyGtItm®nþI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_ nigkarTMnak;TMng
pÞal;BIGtItm®nþI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2005 nig 2006 . 243
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGtItm®nþI qñaM 2005 .244
FnaKarBiPBelak {karBinitüvis½yéRBeQIedayÉkraCü eyabl; nigsMeNI
rbs;FnaKarBiPBelak kMBugeq<aHeTAmux} Ex tula qñaM 2004 . 245
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_ nigkarTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGtIt
m®nþI qñaM 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .246
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI qñaM 2005 .247
kic©smÖasn_ nigkarTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGtItm®nþI qñaM 2005 .248
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .249
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 .250
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .251
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImUldæan . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 . 252
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 .253
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIrdæ)aléRBeQI nigkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 .254
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImUldæan qñaM 2005 .255
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI qñaM 2005 .256
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImUldæan RbCaCnmUldæan
Gñkkab;eQI m®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .257
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGtItsmaCikbuKÁlik enA UNOHCHR qñaM 2006 .258
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;
BIRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIbuKÁliksiT§imnusS qñaM 2006 .259
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2006 .260
karesuIbGegát kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgraCGavuFhtß qñaM 2004 . BImun Global
Witness Føab;)ansresrGMBItYnaTIrbs; esA suxa kñúgkarkab;eQIxusc,ab;kñúgesovePA
Taking a Cut (2004) EdlGacykecjBI www.globalwitness.org . 261
kic©smÖasn_CamYybuKÁliksiT§imnusS qñaM 2005 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñk
RsavRCav qñaM 2006 . Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA DI epn kñúg
Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIk
eLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<
Éksareyag
114 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ DI epn sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .262
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgraCGavuFhtß qñaM 2005 .263
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgraCGavuFhtß m®nþImUldæan BaNiC¢kreQI nigRbCaCn
mUldæan qñaM 2005 .264
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImUldæan qñaM 2005 .265
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImUldæan nigGaCIvkr qñaM 2005 .266
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA swg Kwmr:n kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ swg Kwmr:n sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .267
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2001 nigqñaM 2005 .268
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA esg mas kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ esg mas sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .269
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImUldæan nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .270
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2004 . karGegát
RsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2004 .271
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2004
nigqñaM 2005 .272
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA m:ul erOb kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ m:ul erOb sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .273
Heder, {karbRgYbbRgYmrbs; h‘un Esn} Southeast Asian Affairs qñaM 2005
TMB½r 118 .274
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan nigBaNiC¢kreQI qñaM 2005 nigqñaM 2006 . 275
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ nigrdæ)aléRBeQI qñaM 2005 .276
mCÄmNÐlGPivDÆn_sgÁm GMeBIBukrlYy nigRKYsarRbCaCnExµr RkugPñMeBj
qñaM 2005 TMB½r 45 TMB½r 48 .277
kic©smÖasn_CamYyb:UlIs qñaM 2004 .278
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA gYn júil kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresr
enAkñúglixit[ gYn júil sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] . 279
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA GM BIlI kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresr
enAkñúglixit[ GM BIlI sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] . 280
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImUldæan nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .281
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImUldæan nigGaCIvkreQI qñaM 2005, 2006 .282
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Ej:m supanI kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ Ej:m supanI sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .283
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Ej:m b‘unfa kñúgEx emsa qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ Ej:m b‘unfa sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .284
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA G‘un enOn kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ G‘un enOn sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .285
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2003 nig qñaM 2005 .286
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Em:n pa kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ Em:n pa sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .287
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA eCt ra: kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresr
enAkñúglixit[ eCt ra: sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] . 288
karesuIbGegát qñaM 2001-2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyBaNiC¢kreQI qñaM 2005 . 289
karesuIbGegát qñaM 2001, 2004, 2005 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan
qñaM 2003 .290
h‘un Esn sunÞrkfaenAxYbelIkTI 10 énkarbegáItkgBltUcelx 70 enA
ecamecA éf¶TI 15 Ex tula qñaM 2004 Tajyk)anBI www.cnv.org.kh . 291
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGtItm®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 .292
sM riT§i nig Liam Cochrane {mitþd¾l¥EpñkT½BCamYyRbeTscin nigRbeTsevotNam}
kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 21 Ex tula dl;éf¶TI 3 Exvicäika qñaM 2005 . GuIem:lBI
GñknaMBaküsßanTUtGaemrik RkugPñMeBj qñaM 2007 . RksYgkarbreTs nigBaNiC¢kmµ
rdæaPi)alGURsþalI {esckþIsegçbBIRbeTskm<úCa - Ex mina qñaM 2007} .
http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/cambodia/cambodia_brief.html (RtUv)anykecjcug
eRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 30 Ex mina) . Global Witness )ansresreTAkan;RksYgkarbreTs
edIm,IesñIsMulMGitBIkic©RBmeRBogshkarkarBarrbs;BYkeK CamYyRbeTskm<úCakñúg
Ex mina qñaM 2007 Etmin)anTTYlkareqøIytbcMeBaHlixitTaMgenHeT .293
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA em:A supan kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_
enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVI
EdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ em:A supan sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .294
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2006 .295
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Kn; KIm kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresr
enAkñúglixit[ Kn; KIm sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] . 296
kic©smÖasn_CamYyb:UlIs nigm®nþIéRBeQI qñaM 2001 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPB
sm¶at; qñaM 2002 .297
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2001 nig qñaM 2002 . Éksarrbs;
TIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI EdlbegáItTMnYlxusRtUvrbs;KN³kmµkarenH EdlcuHhtßelxa
eday R)ak; saxun éf¶TI 6 Ex tula qñaM 2005 .
Éksareyag
115ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
298 KuC NaEr:n nig John Maloy {huIg b‘unehog RtUv)anEtgtaMgeTAkan;sPasgÇ}
kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 26 Ex tula qñaM 2006 .299
karGegátRsavRCavenH Ep¥keTAelIbTBiesaFn_rbs; Global Witness cMeBaH
karRtYtBinitükarGPivDÆn_neya)aykñúgRbeTskm<úCa Gs;ry³eBl 12 qñaMmkenH .
cMeBaHkarsMGagCak;lak;eTAkan;naykrdæm®nþIEdlGHGagfa kardkecjKat;nwg
bNþal[manGesßrPaB cUremIlÉksarxageRkam ³ rsµI ehg {h‘un Esn RBmanfa
karcaj;eqñatrbs;KNbkSRbCaCnnwgmann½yfaGesßrPaB} semøgGaemrik éf¶TI 15
Ex mina qñaM 2007 . yun saemon {h‘un Esn e)aHbg;ecalsubinþEtgkMNaBüsßitenA
kñúgneya)ay} vicarNkfaRbcaMs)aþh_rbs;kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 8-12 Ex mkra
qñaM 2007 . kaEstexmbUDaedlI {naykrdæm®nþIniyayfa karsøab;rbs;Kat; nwgbNþal
[manPaBvwkvr} eday Bin suIsuvNÑ nig eLa can;dara: . éf¶TI 26 Ex mkra qñaM 2005
Bin suIsuvNÑ {naykrdæm®nþI ³ BYkbHe)arEdlman KYrEterobcMmQUs[ehIyeTA}
kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 20 Ex mifuna qñaM 2005 . 300
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGtItsmaCikbuKÁlikenA UNOHCHR qñaM 2006 . XøaMemIl
siT§imnusS RbeTskm<úCa - lT§plénrdæRbhar qñaM 1997, http://www.hrw.org/reports/
1997/cambodia (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 28 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .301
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkem:Akarkab;eQI qñaM 2000 . karesuIbGegát qñaM 2001-
2003 .302
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg
qñaM 2004 nig 2006 .303
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþ IkgraCGavuFhtß karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg
qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .304
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA eCOn suvNÑfa kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúg
r)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ eCOn suvNÑfa sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness
tamry³ [email protected] .305
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI RbCaCnmUldæan nigm®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ .
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2003, 2004, 2005. Bin suvNÑ {Tahanvay
GñkPUmiBIrnak;} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 7 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2004 . Bin suvNÑ {embBa¢akar
kgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ bdiesFskmµCnvayRbhar} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 9
Ex FñÚ qñaM 2004 .306
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Ekv samYn kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_
enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ Ekv samYn sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .307
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ GaCIvkreQI RbCaCnmUldæan
nigm®nþI . karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2004 .308
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2004 .309
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004 nig 2006 . kic©smÖasn_
CamYym®nþIb:UlIs GaCIvkr RbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005310
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ
qñaM 2004 .311
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 nig GaCIvkr qñaM 2005 .312
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2005 .313
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004, 2005, 2006 .
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2005 .314
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2006 .315
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2005, 2006 .316
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2004, 2005, 2006 .317
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004, 2006 .318
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA mas suPa kñúgEx emsa qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ mas suPa sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .319
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTAGñkRsI mas suPa kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIg
kñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[GñkRsI mas suPa sUm TMnak;TMng Global -
Witness tamry³ [email protected] .320
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2004 .321
kic©smÖasn_CamYyQµÜjeQI qñaM 2005 .322
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004, 2005, 2006 .
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .323
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2005 . Global Witness )an
sresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Kg; hm kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ay
rbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g²Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin
b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)an
TTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVI EdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[
Kg; hm sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .324
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 nig
RbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .325
GuIem:lBIGñknaMBaküsßanTUtGaemrik RkugPñMeBj qñaM 2007 .326
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70
qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .327
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2005 nig 2006 .328
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 nigm®nþIb:UlIs qñaM 2005 .329
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA b:ul saerOn kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúg
r)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ b:ul saerOn sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness
tamry³ [email protected] .330
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA muwg sMpn kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGV IEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ muwg sMpn sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .331
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .332
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIb:UlIs qñaM nig 2005 . saMg swn§riT§I {GñkebIkbrmñak;RtUv
)anbukedayLanFM} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 11 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2005 .333
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM nig 2006 .334
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM nig 2005 .335
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþImñak; qñaM nig 2005 .336
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004 .337
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGaCIvkrBIrnak; qñaM 2004 .338
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkMBg;Ep qñaM 2005 .339
bNþwglaylkçN_GkSrdak;edayRbCaCnPUmiRtBaMgsVay qñaM 2006 .340
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA éx Narin kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ éx Narin sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .341
TMnak;TMngpÞal;CamYyGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2003 .
Éksareyag
116 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
342 kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñktMNag SGS qñaM 2004 .
343 kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .
344 Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Cwg suPaB kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ Cwg suPaB sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .345
clnaéRBRtUBikBiPBelak mrNPaBéRBeQI - r)aykarN_BIskmµPaBdaMedIm
eQIrbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan nigRkumh‘un Green Rich kñúgRbeTskm<úCa es‘rI WRM
BIkardaMedImeQIelx 4 qñaM 2006 TMB½r 21 .346
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg kic©smÖasn_CamYyGñkkab;eQI RbCaCnmUldæan
qñaM 2003, 2004, 2005 .347
Solana Pyne nig yun saemon {h‘un Esn niyayfa Global Witness
)ankuhkenAkñúgr)aykarN_} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 7 Ex mifuna qñaM 2004 .
h‘un Esn nigm®nþICan;x<s;epSgeTot )anraykarN_y:agTUlMTUlaymYYycMnYnvayRbhar
edaypÞal;mat;eTAelI Global Witness Gs;ry³eBlCaeRcInqñaM .348
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlik UNICEF qñaM 2005 . KuC NaEr:n {Rkumh‘un
km<úCa cin nwgvinieyaKelIEr:} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 22 Ex mina qñaM 2005 .
clnaéRBRtUBikBiPBelak mrNPaBéRBeQI - r)aykarN_BIskmµPaBdaMedImeQIrbs;
Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan nigRkumh‘un Green Rich kñúgRbeTskm<úCa es‘rI WRM BIkardaM
edImeQIelx 4 qñaM 2006 TMB½r 21 . Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;
eTARkumh‘un Pheapimex kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayelIB½t’manenH
EtminTan;TTYl)ankareqøIytbenAeLIy .349
kic©snüapþl;sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYn 176,065 hikta kñúgextþkMBg;qñaMg cuH
htßelxaeday Qa sug rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT éf¶TI 8 Ex mkra
qñaM 2000 . kic©snüapþl;sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYn 138,963hikta kñúgextþeBaFisat;
cuHhtßelxaeday Qa sug rdæm®nþIRksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT éf¶TI 8
Ex mkra qñaM 2000 . kic©snüasRmab;sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYnBIr manTMhM 70,000 hikta
(bnÞaymanC½y) nig 230,000hikta ()at;dMbg) cuHhtßelxaeday s‘um m:anit
rdæm®nþITIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI nig nUv kaNun RkugPñMeBj éf¶TI 8 Ex mifuna qñaM 1998 .
Tinñn½y GIS rbs;RksYgRKb;RKgEdndInKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg EdlbgðajBIsm,Tan
dIesdækic©BIrkñúgextþbnÞaymanC½y nigextþ)at;dMbg qñaM 2004 . karcuHbBa¢IRkumh‘un
Wuzhishan LS Group Ltd. rbs;RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ éf¶TI 24 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004
(ÉksarenHraybgðajBIm©as;h‘unbInak;rbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan dUcCa Liu Wei/
eLA em:gXin nig suI Kg;RTIv) . RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT bgðajBIsm,Tan
dIenAmNÐlKIrITMhM 10,000hikta rbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan enAelIeKhTMB½r
http://www.maff.gov.kh/elc/comprofiles/mdwuzhis.html (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkay
bMputenAéf¶TI 3 Ex emsa qñaM 2007) .350
Global Witness )anKNnafa Rkumh‘un Pheapimex mansm,TaneQI nig
sm,TandIesdækic©cMnYn 1,333,931 hikta . épÞdIsrubrbs;RbeTskm<úCa
KW 18,104,000 hikta . 351
karcuHbBa¢IRkumh‘un Wuzhishan LS Group Ltd. rbs;RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ éf¶TI 24
Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004 . ÉksarenHraybgðaj BIm©as;h‘unbInak;rbs;Rkumh‘un Wuzhishan
dUcCa Liu Wei/ eLA em:gXin nig suI Kg;RTIv .352
kariyal½ysñgkarCan;x<s;siT§imnusSénGgÁkarshRbCaCati sm,TandIsRmab;
eKalbMNgesdækic©kñúgRbeTskm<úCa TsSn³vis½y siT§imnusS ]bsm<½n§ 4 nig ]bsm<½n§
5 Ex vicäika qñaM 2004 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlik UNOHCHR qñaM 2005 .
UNOHCHR tYnaTI nigsmiT§iplrbs;kariyal½ysñgkarCan;x<s;siT§imnusSénGgÁkar
shRbCaCati kñúgkarCYyrdæaPi)al nigRbCaCnkm<úCa kñúgkarCRmuj nigkarBarsiT§i
mnusS - r)aykarN_rbs;GKÁelxaFikar Ex mkra qñaM 2006 TMB½r 6 .353
lixitBInaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn fVayRBHmhakSRt neratþm sIhmunI éf¶TI 24
Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2005 .354
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2004 .355
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .356
DFDL {tamdanc,ab;RbcaMs)aþh_} éf¶TI 1 Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 . ék Kwmsug{
sgÇwmx<s;sRmab;tMbn;esdækic©fµImYykñúgRkugRBHsIhnu} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 30
Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIsmaCikbuKÁlikrbs; UNOHCHR qñaM 2007 . 357
ék Kwmsug {sgÇwmx<s;sRmab;tMbn;esdækic©fµImYykñúgRkugRBHsIhnu} kaEst
exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 30 Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 .358
Rkumh‘un Price Waterhouse Coopers {Fnb½RtBn§rbs;GasuI)asuIhVik - kar
RKb;RKg nigkareFVIEpnkarBn§kñúgGasuI)a:suIhVik} Ex ]sPa qñaM 2006, http://www.
pwchk.com/webmedia/doc/632840612600873952_aptn19_may2006.pdf
(RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 17 Ex mkra qñaM 2007) . ék Kwmsug
{sgÇwmx<s;sRmab;tMbn;esdækic©fµImYykñúgRkugRBHsIhnu} kaEst exmbUDaedlI
éf¶TI 30 Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 .359
ék Kwmsug {sgÇwmx<s;sRmab;tMbn;esdækic©fµImYykñúgRkugRBHsIhnu} kaEst
exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 30 Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 .360
esckþICUndMNwgkñúgkaEsteday gin Xn TIRbwkSa h‘un Esn Bak;B½n§karGbGrsaTr
yayPU TTYl)anemdayrbs;Kat; Exmkra qñaM 2007 . 361
kgkmøaMgkargarsiT§ikEnøgsñak;enA nigmCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa {kic©snüa
bwgkk; bMBanc,ab;RbeTskm<úCa} Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 . R)ak; can;Ful nig James Welsh
{karCYldIry³eBl 99 qñaM elIbwgkk;} kaEstexmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 8 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 .
Allister Hayman nig sM riT§I {karlk;TIRkugcugeRkaybMputbwgkk;} kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ×
éf¶TI 9-23 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BI UNOHCHR Ex mina qñaM 2007 . 362
kgkmøaMgkargarsiT§ikEnøgsñak;enA nigmCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa {kic©snüa
bwgkk; bMBanc,ab;RbeTskm<úCa} Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 . mCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa
{RbCaCnbwgkk;P½yxøackarbeNþjecj edaysarsalaRkugPñMeBj)ancuHhtßelxa
elIkic©snüary³eBl 99 qñaM CamYyRkumh‘un Sokako Inc Company } éf¶TI 20 Ex mina
qñaM 2007 .363
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA EcELn kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenA
kñúglixit[ EcELn sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] . 364
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI qñaM 2004 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2004 . 365
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRBHsgÇ qñaM 2003
nig 2004 .366
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg . kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI nigRbCaCnmUldæan
qñaM 2003 nig 2004 .367
kic©smÖasn_CamYyBaNiC¢kreQI qñaM 2004 .368
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 .369
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA hak; eLg kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ hak; eLg sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .370
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA esom TUc kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ esom TUc sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .371
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM
2003, 2004 nig 2006 . kic©smÖasn_CamYykmµkreragcRkGareQI qñaM 2006 .372
kic©smÖasn_CamYy hak; eLg nig esom TUc qñaM 2004 . karTMnak;TMngpÞal;
BIGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2004 .373
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA eKOg vNѳ kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
Éksareyag
117ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
sresrenAkñúglixit[ eKOg vNѳ sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .374
karTMnak;TMngpÞal;BIGñkRsavRCav qñaM 2004 .375
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2006 .376
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA s‘an lagQun kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúg
r)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ s‘an lagQun sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness
tamry³ [email protected] .377
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI nigRbCaCnmUldæan
qñaM 2003 - 2005 .378
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2002 . lixitBI can; tugGuIv
GnurdæelxaFikar RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT CUn TI suKn§ Bak;B½n§karlk;
eQIEdl)anrwbGUscMnYn 593m3 [ s‘an lagQun éf¶TI 8 Ex mifuna qñaM 2001 .
GnusSarN³épÞkñúgrbs;naykdæanrukçaRbmaj; nigstVéRB Bak;B½n§R)ak;cMnYn US$30,150
EdlCMBak;eday s‘an lagQun sRmab;siT§ieTAelIeQIEdl)anrwbGUscMnYn 593m3
éf¶TI 6 Ex mifuna qñaM 2002 . viká½yb½RtepJIedaynaykdæanrukçaRbmaj; nigstVéRB
s‘an lagQun Bak;B½n§nwgbg;R)ak;cMnYn US$30,150 éf¶TI 19 Ex mifuna qñaM 2002 . 379
lixitBI can; sarun eTA TI suKn§ Gnum½tsMeNIrbs; s‘an lagQun edIm,IbegáIt
eragcRkGareQIfµImYyry³eBlR)aMmYyExenARsuk GUrraMg extþmNÐlKIrI éf¶TI 21
Ex emsa qñaM 2003 . lixitBI Kuy Kn§hYr GPi)alrgextþmNÐlKIrI[m®nþImUldæan
Bak;B½n§karBnüarlixitGnuBaØateragcRkGareQIrbs; s‘an lagQun éf¶TI 10 Ex kumÖ³
qñaM 2004 .380
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2004 .381
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2004 . Solana Pyne nig vNÑ erOn {cm¶l;
bnþmancMeBaHs<an)ak;cMnYnBIr} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 4 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004 .382
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2005 .383
kic©smÖasn_CamYyGtItbuKÁliksm,Tanikkab;eQI qñaM 2005 .384
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Ca sMGag kñúgEx mina qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ Ca sMGag sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .385
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at; qñaM 2004 . Solana Pyne {lixitGnuBaØatenAEt
bnþ[®sþI EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYykarkab;eQI} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 15
Ex kkáda qñaM 2004 .386
Solana Pyne {lixitGnuBaØatenAEtbnþ[®sþIEdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYykarkab;
eQI} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 15 Ex kkáda qñaM 2004 . Global Witness )anshkar
y:agCitsñiT§iCamYykaEst exmbUDaedlI kñúgkarRsavRCavkrNIenH .387
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2006 .388
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 . kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgeyaFBl
exmrPUminÞ qñaM 2005 .389
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA RBab tan; kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ RBab tan; sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .390
lixitcMnYnR)aM cuHhtßelxaeday RBab tan;/ huIg b‘unehog/ TI suKn§ nigGñk
epSgeTot Ex mkra nig Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2004 .391
vNÑ erOn {kariyal½yrukçaRbmaj;enAdac;Rsyal)anbiT bnÞab;BIkar)aj;Rbhar}
kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 3 Ex kBaØa qñaM 2004 . vNÑ erOn nig Solana Pyne
{m®nþICYbRbCMu edIm,IedaHRsaykarb:HTgÁicenAextþRBHvihar} kaEst exmbUDaedlI
éf¶TI 8 Ex kBaØa qñaM 2004 . SGS r)aykarN_RbcaMRtImasTIbI qñaM 2004 GñkRtYt-
BinitüÉkraCü - karRtYtBinitü nigkarraykarN_bTelµIséRBeQI Ex tula qñaM 2004
TMB½r 19-20 .392
mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati maRta IV karRbwkSa - r)aykarN_buKÁlik . esckþICUn
dMNwgB½t’manCasaFarN³BIkarBiPakSarbs;RkumRbwkSaRbtibtþi nigr)aykarN_
edaynaykRbtibtþisRmab;RbeTskm<úCa Ex kkáda qñaM 2006 .393
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 GaCIvkr qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .394
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2004 nig 2004 . kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI
kgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004, 2005 nig 2006 .395
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2004 nig
2005 .396
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA eTo )aj; kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ eTo )aj; sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .397
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA eTo vij kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
sresrenAkñúglixit[ eTo vij sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .398
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIKy qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .399
karesuIbGegátrbs; Global Witness qñaM 1997 nig 1998 .400
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTAGñkRsI lwm QIvhU nayk
RKb;RKgRkumh‘un Attwood kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;
cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§
CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkar
eqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ lwm QIvhU
sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .401
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBmYykñúgshKmn_GaCIvkmµrbs;RbeTskm<úCa qñaM 2005 . 402
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA Eb:n suIm:n kñúgEx emsa qñaM 2007
edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_
enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH
Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdl
mansresrenAkñúglixit[ Eb:n suIm:n sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness tamry³
[email protected] .403
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA eTB bu)öaRbsiT§i kñúgEx kumÖ³
qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)anelIkeLIg
kñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBle)aHBum<pSay
r)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’man
sþIBIGVIEdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ eTB bu)öaRbsiT§i sUmTMnak;TMng Global Witness
tamry³ [email protected] .404
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTA cm RbsiT§i rdæm®nþIRksYgBaNiC¢kmµ
kñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 edIm,IesñIsMukarGFib,ayrbs;Kat;cMeBaHbBaðacm,g² Edl)an
elIkeLIgkñúgr)aykarN_enH edaysarEtTak;Tin b¤Bak;B½n§CamYyKat; . enAeBl
e)aHBum<pSayr)aykarN_enH Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT .
sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVI EdlmansresrenAkñúglixit[ cm RbsiT§i sUmTMnak;TMng
Global Witness tamry³ [email protected] .405
Erik Wasson nig ék KImsug {tMbn;minykBn§RkugRBHsIhnu RtUv)anpþl;[
Rkumh‘unÉkCn} kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 28 Ex emsa qñaM 2005 . ék KImsug
{rdæm®nþIRksYgBaNiC¢kmµ RtUv)anecaTRbkan;BIbTbkSBYkniym} kaEst exmbUDaedlI
éf¶TI 13 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004 . kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBmYykñúgshKmn_GaCIvkmµ
rbs;RbeTskm<úCa qñaM 2005 .406
cm RbsiT§i rdæm®nþIRksYgBaNiC¢kmµ {vinieyaKkñúgRbeTskm<úCa ³ RbeTsd¾man
esñh_kñúgkareFVIvinieyaK} karerobrab;bgðajenAmCÄmNÐlGas‘an-Cb:un éf¶TI 17
]bsm<½n§ 1 ³ Cronyometer
118 ExSRsLay GñklYcCati
Ex vicäika qñaM 2006 RkugtUküÚ RbeTsCb:un . eKhTMB½rrbs;Rkumh‘un Attwood Import
Export Co., Ltd. http://www.attwoodgroup.com/ (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenA
éf¶TI 29 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .407
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004, 2005 nig 2006 .408
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 qñaM 2004 .409
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 m®nþI nigGaCIvkr qñaM 2004, 2005
nig 2006 . karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2004, 2005 nig 2006 .410
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkgBltUcelx 70 m®nþI nigGaCIvkr qñaM 2004, 2005
nig 2006 .411
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .412
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþI qñaM 2004 nig 2005 .413
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIKy nigkmµkrkMBg;Ep qñaM 2005 .414
kic©smÖasn_CamYym®nþIkñúgERsGMbil qñaM 2005 .415
Global Witness )ansresrlixitmYyc,ab;eTARkumh‘un hineNsuI kñúgEx kumÖ³
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Global Witness min)anTTYlkareqøIytbenaHeT . sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIGVIEdlman
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sunÞrkfarbs; h‘un Esn enABiFIsem<aFkMBg;Ep]kj:am:ug éf¶TI 2 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2004,
http://www.cnv.org.kh (RtUv)anykecj cugeRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 24 Ex mina qñaM 2007) . 419
R)ak; can;Ful nig Lee Berthiaume {karRbkan;x¢ab;mYycMnYnenA RUFA xN³eBl
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karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2006 . karesuIbGegátrbs;
Global Witness qñaM 1997 nig 1998 . kic©snüasm,TandIesdækic©rbs;Rkumhu‘n
Green Sea Company éf¶TI 23 Ex vicäika qñaM 2001 . ék KImsug {esdæI mhaesdæI
manKeRmagvinieyaK $50 lan elIeragcRksárs }kaEst exmbUDaedlI éf¶TI 18
Ex kkáda qñaM 2006 .421
kic©snüasm,TandIesdækic©rbs;Rkumhu‘n Green Sea Company éf¶TI 23
Ex vicäika qñaM 2001 .422
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Global Witness éf¶TI 12 Ex mifuna qñaM 2002 .423
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http://cambodia.ohchr.org/report_subject.aspx (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMput
enAéf¶TI 24 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .425
karGegátRsavRCavdl;TIkEnøg qñaM 2006 . Kothari r)aykarN_BIGñkraykarN_
Biess sñgkarCan;x<s;énGgÁkarshRbCaCati éf¶TI 21 Ex mina qñaM 2006
http://cambodia.ohchr.org/report_subject.aspx (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMput
enAéf¶TI 24 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .426
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at;mYy qñaM 2006 . esam satana {karcab;xøÜnRtUv
)aneFVIeLIgkñúgkrNIkBaäa bnÞab;BIkarb®gáabCaTUeTA} Associated Press Worldstream
éf¶TI 22 Ex emsa qñaM 1997 .
427 kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at;mYy qñaM 2006 . esam satana {karrwbGUs
fñaMejón cUly:agrh½skñúgCemøaHneya)ayrbs;RbeTskm<úCa} Associated Press
Worldstream éf¶TI 6 Ex emsa qñaM 1997 . satana {karcab;xøÜnRtUv)aneFVIeLIgkñúg
krNIkBaäa bnÞab;BIkarb®gáabCaTUeTA} Associated Press Worldstream éf¶TI 22
Ex emsa qñaM 1997 . sM riT§i nig Richard Woodd {esdæIGaCIvkmµ)ancab;epþImFøak;cuH}
kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 19 Ex vicäika dl; éf¶TI 2 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2004 .428
esam satana {karcab;xøÜnRtUv)aneFVIeLIgkñúgkrNIkBaäa bnÞab;BIkarb®gáabCa
TUeTA} Associated Press Worldstream éf¶TI 22 Ex emsa qñaM 1997 .
Nate Thayer {CnsgS½yfñaMejónbg;R)ak;[emdwknaMrdæRbharExµr cracrN_fñaMejón
ekIneLIg xN³Edlkm©I nigTayC¢Tanvilvl; } kaEst va:suInetanb:usþ× éf¶TI 22
Ex kkáda qñaM 1997 .429
XøaMemIlsiT§imnusSRbeTskm<úCa - lT§plénrdæRbhar qñaM 1997
http://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/cambodia (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenA
éf¶TI 28 Ex mina qñaM 2007) . Nate Thayer {CnsgS½yfñaMejónbg;R)ak;[emdwknaM
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va:suInetan-b:usþ× éf¶TI 22 Ex kkáda qñaM 1997 .430
kic©smÖasn_CamYyRbPBsm¶at;mYy qñaM 2006 . Nate Thayer {CnsgS½y
fñaMejónbg;R)ak;[emdwknaMrdæRbharExµr} kaEst va:suInetanb:usþ× éf¶TI 22
Ex kkáda qñaM 1997 . {m®nþIBak;B½n§nwgkarCYjdUrfñaMejón RtUv)ancab;xøÜnCafµI}
Associated Press Worldstream éf¶TI 4 Ex mkra qñaM 1998 . XøaMemIlsiT§imnusS
RbeTskm<úCa - lT§plénrdæRbhar qñaM 1997
http://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/cambodia (RtUv)anykecjcugeRkaybMputenA
éf¶TI 28 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .431
riT§i nig Woodd {esdæIGaCIvkmµ )ancab;epþImFøak;cuH} kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ× éf¶TI 19
Ex vicäika dl; éf¶TI 2 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2004 .432
GuIem:lBI sarin nigshkarI éf¶TI 22 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2007 .433
http://www.mongreththy.com/mongreththygroup.htm (RtUv)anykecjcug
eRkaybMputenAéf¶TI 13 Ex mina qñaM 2007) .434
Staffan Lindberg {esdæI m:ug bJT§I sagsg;kMBg;EppÞal;xøÜnKat;} kaEst PñMeBjb:usþ×
éf¶TI 2-15 Ex kkáda qñaM 2004 . 435
kic©smÖasn_CamYykmµkrkMBg;Ep nigRbCaCnmUldæan qñaM 2005 .436
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