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PZ-1000 DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY
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The PZ1000 family of relays are digital distance protection devices especially suitablefor primary protection of simple or double overhead transmission and subtransmission
lines (high & medium voltage). Their advanced multiprocessor design and rapid signal
processing algorithms make them fast acting and safe. They maintain the reliability and
performance required to handle transmission and distribution networks.
The family is made up of 3 groups of equipment: advanced, intermediate, and basic,with different functions, which enable more or less advanced applications to be imple-mented.
PZ1000-A (Advanced): The PZ1000-A features a full range of protection functions
which enable it to be used in applications of all types, including transmission lines. It
has 4 MHO characteristic zones plus 5 quadrangular characteristic zones for
phase-phase and phase-earth faults. It also has pilot protection schemes, breaker
failure protection and stub protection.
PZ1000-I (Intermediate): The PZ1000-I is the intermediate protection device in the
PZ1000 family. It has 3 MHO characteristic zones for phase-phase and phase-earth
faults. It also has overvoltage unit, a triple pole recloser and syncrocheck. These fea-
tures enable it to be used for primary and/or back-up protection in transmission and
sub-transmission lines.
PZ1000-B (Basic):The PZ1000-B is the basic protection device in the PZ1000 family.
It comprises 2 forward MHO characteristic zones for phase-phase and phase-earth
faults, and an additional directional overcurrent unit for phases and neutral. This model
can be used to protect sub-transmission lines.
The following characteristics are common to all three units:
Trip and close circuit supervision (highly useful for system maintenance work).
Measurement of electrical magnitudes, events, fault reports, oscillograph data
recorder, fault locator, local & long-distance communications, etc., enabling them
to be applied in a wide range of installations.
Possibility of integration in IPC (Integrated Protection & Control) systems through an
open protocol.
One front serial port and two rear serial ports for local or remote communications.
Time synchronisation via demodulated IRIG-B.
Front panel with 12 programmable LEDs and one red/green LED indicating protec-
tion status, plus display and keyboard, enabling information on protection to be
seen and modified.
4 front push-button for breaker maneuver.
The advanced model has more digital inputs and outputs and also has 4 fast digi-
tal outputs for pilot protection.
INTRODUCTION
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PZ - 1000 DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY
The PZ1000-A is the most advanced member of the PZ1000
family. It incorporates 4 MHO and/or quadrangular trip charac-
teristic zones and a 5th additional quadrangular zone for phase-
phase and phase-earth faults plus pilot protection schemes,
supervision alarms (pole by pole) and other functions, making it
a top level distance protection.
It also has a breaker failure protection unit and a single pole/triple
pole recloser with up to 4 shots and an increased number of
inputs/outputs. Breaker monitor functions, number of trips, etc.
work pole by pole.
Hardware
4 analogue inputs for voltage and 4 for current (closed
terminals, under request)
16 programmable digital inputs
20 programmable digital outputs: 9 for trips and 11 for sig-
nalling
4 fast outputs for pilot protection
PZ1000-A (Advanced)
Distance protection
Distance protection (21P/21N) with 4 MHO and 5 quadran-gular zones for phase-phase and phase-earth faults: 1for-ward zone, 1 backward zone and 3 programmable forward
/ backward Zone 1 extension Negative sequence directional Pilot protection schemes (85) (by fast outputs or by serial
communication) Enable by single-phase and phase-phase overcurrent
(50P/50PP) Fuse failure (68FF) Power swing (68PS) Load encroachment (68LE) Switch-onto-fault (SOF)
Other protections
Phase and neutral directional overcurrent (67/67N) (2 units)Overvoltage (59) and undervoltage (27) Breaker failure protection (pole by pole) (50BF) Stub protectionThermal image (49) Current unbalance (46/67Q) Homopolar overvoltage (59N)
Monitoring
Breaker monitor (pole by pole) Excessive number of trips (pole by pole)Trip and close circuit supervision (pole by pole) (74TC/CC)Open phase alarm CTs monitoring
Automatisms and commands
Single pole / triple pole recloser (79) Syncrocheck (25) Dead line detection (DLD)Open and close commands Pole discrepancy Programmable logic functions
Data acquisition
V, I, P, Q, cos, frequency and energy measurementOscillograph data recorder Event records Fault records Historical reports Demand maximeter Fault locator (FL)
Settings
The relay has 4 independent setting groups
Functions
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PZ - 1000 DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY
The PZ1000-I protection is the intermediate version of the
PZ1000 family. It has 3 MHO characteristic zones for both
phase-phase and phase-earth faults.
It also includes phase overvoltage and undervoltage protection,
a triple pole recloser with up to 4 shots and a syncrocheck unit.
Hardware
4 analogue inputs for voltage and 4 for current (closed
terminals, under request)
8 programmable digital inputs
12 programmable digital outputs
PZ1000-I (Intermediate)
Distance protection
Distance protection (21P/21N) with 2 forward zones and 1
programmable forward/backward zone with MHO type trip
characteristic for phase-phase and phase-earth faults. Zone 1 extension
Negative sequence directional
Enable by single-phase and phase-phase overcurrent
(50P/50PP)
Fuse failure (68FF)
Load encroachment (68LE)
Switch-onto-fault (SOF)
Other protections
Phase and neutral directional overcurrent (67/67N)
Overvoltage (59) and Undervoltage (27)
Thermal image (49)
Current unbalance (46/67Q)Homopolar overvoltage (59N)
Monitoring
Breaker monitor
Excessive number of trips
Trip and close circuit supervision (74TC/CC)
Open phase alarm
CTs monitoring
Automatisms and commands
Triple pole recloser (79)
Syncrocheck (25)
Dead line detection (DLD)
Open and close commandsProgrammable logic functions
Data acquisition
V, I, P, Q, cos, frequency and energy measurement
Oscillograph data recorder
Event records
Fault records
Historical reports
Demand maximeter
Fault locator (FL)
Setting groups
The relay has 4 independent setting groups
Functions
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PZ - 1000 DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY
The PZ1000-B protection device is the basic version of the
PZ1000 family. It has two MHO characteristic zones for phase-
phase and phase-earth faults. It is used mainly to protect sub-
transmission lines.
PZ1000-B (Basic)
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Distance protection
Distance protection (21P/21N) with 2 basic forward zones
with MHO type trip characteristic, for phase-phase and
phase-earth faults. Zone 1 extension
Negative sequence directional
Enable by single-phase and phase-phase overcurrent
(50P/50PP)
Fuse failure (68FF)
Load encroachment (68LE)
Switch-onto-fault (SOF)
Other protections
Phase and neutral directional overcurrent (67/67N)
Thermal image (49)
Current unbalance (46/67Q)
Monitoring
Breaker monitor
Trip and close circuit supervision (74TC/CC)
CTs monitoring
Automatisms and commands
Dead line detection (DLD)
Open and close commands
Programmable logic functions
Data acquisition
V, I, P, Q, cos, frequency and energy measurement
Oscillograph data recorder
Event records
Fault records
Historical report
Demand maximeter
Fault locator (FL)
Setting groups
The relay has 4 independent setting groups
Functions
It includes various distance protection supervision functions and
a directional overcurrent protection as a back-up.
Hardware
3 analogue inputs for voltage and 4 for current (closed
terminals, under request)
8 programmable digital inputs
12 programmable digital outputs
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PZ - 1000 DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY
Extension of zone 1
Zone 4 is used for tripping and pilot protection
The use of direct sequence voltage as polarization, produces
a backward expansion of MHOs.
Directional overcurrent units
The PZ1000 has 2 additional protection units for phase directio-
nal overcurrent and for neutral directional overcurrent as bac-
kups for the main distance units, thus increasing the operational
reliability of the relay.
Overvoltage / Undervoltage units
The PZ1000 has two three-phase voltage units: one for overvol-
tage and the other for undervoltage. Each phase is analysed
separately.
Homopolar overvoltage
This function protects against faults to earth.
Breaker failure protection
This device cuts in if the switch open signal is not received wit-
hin a programmable time of the order to open being received, or
if current continues to flow.
Stub protection
This protects against faults between current transformers andline isolators configured with a breaker and a half scheme. It is
an overcurrent unit which is activated when the line isolator is
open.
Thermal image
It protects the line against thermal overloads, calculating the
temperature depending on the current and recent load condi-
tions of the protected unit.
Current unbalance
This device protects the line against unbalances produced in the
current as consequence of power system anomalies or unba-
lance loads. This function is selected by setting as directional or
no directional.
All these characteristics are supported by other protection
and supervision functions which ensure the safe operation of
the protection device.
Negative sequence directional unit
All impedance units are supervised by a negative sequence
directional unit which indicates the direction of the fault.
Pilot protection schemes
Via communication with other terminals, the following protection
schemes are possible:
I Staggered tripI Permissive overreach: POTT
I Permissive underreach: PUTT
I Directional block: DCB
I Directional unblock: DCUB
Additional schemes:
I ECHO (for permissive schemes)
I Reverse direction blocking
I Weak infeed
I Direct transfer trip
The pilot protection is executed via digital inputs or serial com-
munication
Enable by single-phase and phase-phase overcurrent
This enables the distance unit if the current exceeds pre-set sin-
gle-phase or phase-phase thresholds.
Fuse failure
This blocks the distance unit if the disappearance of any voltageis detected. The directional unit and/or the voltage unit can also
be locked depending on settings.
Power swing
This blocks the phase-phase distance units and gives power
swing trip, if power oscillation is detected.
Load encroachment
This blocks the phase-phase distance units if the impedance
detected is within the load zone defined by the user.
Switch-Onto-Fault
This sets off an instant non directional three-phase trip when the
switch closes on a fault in the line.
DISTANCE PROTECTION
OTHER PROTECTION
FUNCTIONS
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Breaker monitoring (for each pole)
An event is generated when the SkI2 meter for any phase exce-eds the threshold set.
Trip and close circuit supervision (for each pole)
This detects any anomaly in the circuits with the switch open orclosed.
Excessive number of trips (for each pole)
This generates an event and sends a signal to the control unit
when the trips per phase exceed a preset number in a set time.
It blocks the recloser when the set number is exceeded.
Open phase alarm
This sets off an alarm when an open phase is detected.
CTs monitoringThis generates an alarm when detecting a failure in a current
input channel (only for models with In calculated in the own line).
Single pole/triple pole recloser
Programmable up to 4 shots
The first shot is single/triple pole and the rest are triple pole
(single pole only on PZ1000-A)
Different times for each shot
Operation counter for each shot
Engaged/disengaged by setting, input andcommunications
Syncrocheck
This function compares the voltage signals for one phase (in
modulus and argument) on both sides of the switch, and permits
the switch to be closed when the pre-set conditions are met. It
can be used for both manual and automatic closing.
The angle difference is calculated compensating the breakers
closing time.
Dead line detection (DLD)
This function detects the disconnected phases of a line, genera-
ting a signal.
Pole discrepancy
This unit checks the pole status concordance, causing three pole
opening after exceeding the set time with any pole (not the three)
opened.
Programmable logic functions
The user can configure up to 6 logic signals which can be assig-
ned to output relays and LEDs via the SIPCON Protections soft-
ware.
MONITORING FUNCTIONS
AUTOMATISMS AND COMANDS
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Measurement
The PZ1000 protection relay measures the following magnitudesin real time:
Per phase and neutral currents (1%)
Average current (1%)Single and compound voltages per phase (0,5%)
Average single and compound voltages (0,5%)
Frequency (0,01Hz)
Active and reactive power levels and power factor (1%)
Two-way energy (Class 5)
Note1: Other accuracies on demand.
Note2: Depending on models, equipments include external battery
voltage measurement.
Oscillograph data recorder
Depending on the model, the non volatile memories of PZ1000units can store:
I 20 records for 30 cyclesI 10 records for 60 cycles
Each record comprises the samples from 8 analogue signalsand the status of 16 selectable digital signals
Tripping and preliminary start-up are configurable
The disturbances are collected and exported in COMTRADE
format.
Event records
Queue of 200 events stored in non volatile memory can be reco-vered in text format on PC.
Each event is accompanied by:
I Date and time of occurrenceI Descriptive code of eventI Level of electrical parameters (voltage and current) at the time
of occurrence
Fault records
The last 9 faults are stored in the non volatile memory with thefollowing data:
I Date and time of start-up, beginning and end of faultI Pre-fault and fault levels of electrical parametersI Duration and type of faultI Units engagedI Fault distanceITrip zone and / or pilot trip
Historical reports
A queue of 100 historical reports is stored in the non volatilememory, covering maximum and minimum average current andaverage voltage levels within a programmable time window.
Fault locator
The fault locator processes the information gathered on each faultand calculates the distance to the fault location.
Self-testing
The PZ1000 digital protection relay runs the following ongoingself-diagnostic checks:
Software running
Power supply voltage
HardwarePicking-up of measurements
Failures detected by self-testing, are signalled by any of the dou-ble outputs (configurable).
PZ - 1000 DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY
DATA ACQUISITION
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The PZ1000 units have the following user communication ele-
ments:
Display / keyboard
Featuring:
2 line, 16-character LCD
16-key keyboard
12 programmable LED indicators and 1 two-colour alarm LED
4 push-button that can be deactivated by setting:
This permits:
Displaying of inputs, measurements, dates and times, statisti-
cal data and latest fault.
Displaying and modification of settings and active table, assig-
nation of inputs, outputs and LEDs.
Comunications
The unit has:
1 front serial port
2 rear serial ports (1 optional), for local and/or remote access to
protection and monitoring information.
These outputs can provide all the information available on the
protection device, and can be used to modify settings of all typesvia SIPCON-protections software by TEAM ARTECHE.
The PZ1000-A also features an optional rear series output for
pilot protection.
MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE
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TEAM ARTECHE uses the SIPCON-Protections program, devel-
oped for PCs running under WINDOWS. This program allows
clear, simple dialogue with the unit for access to the information
stored in it and for adjustment.
All configuration accesses are password protected to preventtampering by unauthorised personnel.
The outstanding features of the SIPCON-Protections program
include the following:
Automatic detection of the unit with which it is in dialogue.
Unit status display via status screens
Presentation and modification of settings
Filling and presentation of all information stored by the relay:events, faults, historical data, oscilloscope readings, etc.
SIPCON Protections is compatible with the software used inTEAM ARTECHEs integrated protection and monitoring sys-
tems, and can be incorpora-ted into them as just one more func-
tion module.
SOFTWARE
PZ - 1000 DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY
Breaker closure
Breaker open
Local / Remote
Maneuver permission
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The illustration shows the application of a PZ1000-A relay to
protect overhead lines powered from both ends.
In this protection scheme the pilot protection function is used. If
rapid clearance on 100% of the line is not needed, model
PZ1000-I, which does not have remote protection, can be used.
The illustration shows the application of an advanced model
PZ1000-A unit, to protect a breaker and a half scheme, in wich
stub protection is used to protect against faults between current
transformers and the isolator, when that isolator is open.
The existence of three switches and the need for a breaker fai-
lure unit, recloser and syncrocheck for each of them, is handled
by using TEAM ARTECHEs PL-70 single function devices:
PL-70 SY: For the syncrocheck function.
PL-70 FI: For the breaker failure function.
PL-70 IT: For the recloser function.
APLICATIONS
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PROTECTION OF OVERHEAD LINES WITH POWER SUPPLY FROM BOTH ENDS
STUB PROTECTION
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DISTANCE PROTECTION (21)
Settings Range Step
Phase to earth Zones 1 to 4 () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Phase to phase Zones 1 to 4 () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Note: Settings for all 4 zones are independient
MHO Reach
Settings Range Step
Phase to earth reactance Zones 1 to 5 () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Phase to earth resistance Zones 1 to 5 () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Phase to phase reactance Zones 1 to 5 () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Phase to phase resistance Zones 1 to 5 () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Note: Settings for all 4 zones are independient
Settings Range Step
Zone 1 modulus 0.01-50.00 0.01
Zone 1 angle (deg) 0-3590 10
Zone 2 modulus 0.01-50.00 0.01
Zone 2 angle (deg) 0-3590 10
Other zones modulus 0.01-50.00 0.01
Other zones angle (deg) 0-3590 10
Mutual comp. zone 1 KMO modulus 0.01-300.00 0.01
Mutual comp. zone 1 KMO angle 0-3590 10
Mutual comp. zone 2 KMO modulus 0.01-300.00 0.01
Mutual comp. zone 2 KMO angle 0-3590 10
Mutual comp. other zones KMO modulus 0.01-300.00 0.01
Mutual comp. other zones KMO angle 0-3590 10
Cuadrilateral Reach
Zero Sequence Compensation
Settings Range Step
Zone 1 phase to earth (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Zone 2 phase to earth (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Zone 3 phase to earth (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Zone 4 phase to earth (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Zone 5 phase to earth (s) 0.0-100 0.01Zone 1 phase to phase (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Zone 2 phase to phase (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Zone 3 phase to phase (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Zone 4 phase to phase (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Zone 5 phase to phase (s) 0.0-100 0.01
Timming
Settings
Phase to earth fault unit MHO, Cuadrilateral
MHO & cuadrilateral, nonePhase to phase fault unit MHO, Cuadrilateral
MHO & cuadrilateral, none
Single pole trip YES/NO
General Setting
Settings
Enable (independient) YES/NO
Single phase threshold (A) (0.2-30) In 0.1
Phase-phase threshold (A) (0.2-30) In 0.1
Def. time (s) (independient) 0.00-10 0.01
Settings Range
Zone 2 No
Fordward
Backward with tripBackward without trip
Zone 3 No
Fordward
Backward with trip
Backward without trip
Zone 4 No
Backward with trip
Backward without trip
Zone 5 No
Fordward
Backward
Non-directional
Single Phase / Phase-Phase Overcurrent
Settings Range Step
Scheme type - Staggered trip
- Permissive overreach
- Permissive underreach
- Directional block
- Directional unblockRTP input dropout time 0.00-1.00 0.01
Block additional delay (s) 0.00-1.00 0.01
Loss of guard delay 0.00-0.15 0.01
ECHO enabled YES/NO
Min. RTP delay fo ECHO (s) 0.00-10 0.01
Reverse zone block enable YES/NO
Reverse zone block delay 0.00-10 0.01
Weak infeed enable YES/NO
Direct trip enable YES/NO
Pilot Protection Schemes
Overreaching Direction
Settings Range Step
Enable YES
NO
YES + Z5
YES - Z5
Inner X () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Inner R () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Outer X () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Outer R () 0.01-300.00 0.01
Direct sequence threshold (A) (0.2-30) In 0.1
Activation time (s) 0.01-50.00 0.01
Imax threshold (A) (0.2-30) In 0.1
I2/Imax ratio 10-50 0.1
Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 zone lockout YES/NO
Power Swing (68PS)
SETTINGS
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PZ - 1000 DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAY
Settings Range Step
Enable YES/NO
Negative seq. threshold (V) 10.00-165.00 0.1
Negative seq. threshold (A) (0.2-30) In 0.1
Fuse Failure (68FF)
Settings Range Step
Enable YES/NO
Negative sequence threshold (V) 10.00-165.00 0.1
Negative sequence threshold (A) (0.2-30) In 0.1
Open Phase Alarm
Settings Range Step
Enable YES/NO
I1 threshold (A) (0.2-30) In 0.1
Impedance ()
(indepen. forward & reverse)
0.01-300 0.1
Angle + (gnd)
(indepen. forward & reverse)
0-3590 10
Angle - (gnd)
(indepen. forward & reverse)
0-3590 10
Load Enroachment (68LE)
Settings Range Step
Enable NO
YES+Z2
YES+Z5
Posit ive sequence threshold (V) 10.00-165.00 0.1
Positive sequence threshold (A) (0.2-30) In 0.1
Switch-Onto-Fault
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PHASE AND NEUTRAL DIRECTIONAL ELE-MENTS (67)
RECLOSER (79)Settings Range Step
Reclose type selection Single pole, triple pole, sin-
gle/triple pole, dependent
Number of programmed shots 1-4 1
Single pole 1st
shot time (s) 0.1-20 0.1
Triple pole 1st
shot time (s) 0.1-20 0.1
2nd
shot time (s) 1-300 0.1
3rd
shot time (s) 1-300 0.1
4th
shot time (s) 1-300 0.1
Sec. t. after single pole closing 1-300 0.1
Sec. t. after triple pole closing 1-300 0.1
Sec. t. after manual pole closing 1-100 0.1
Synchronism time delay (s) 1-300 0.1
CLOSURE PERMISSION AFTER TRIPSettings Range Step
Zone 1 YES/NO
Zone 2 YES/NO
Zone 3 YES/NO
Zone 4 YES/NO
Phase inst. YES/NO
Phase timed YES/NONeutral inst. YES/NO
Neutral timed YES/NO
Enable extension zone 1 YES/NO
Ext. factor of zone 1 phase to phase fault 0.1-3 0.1
Ext. factor of zone 1 phase to earth fault 0.1-3 0.1
Inst . neutral locking after monopolar trip YES/NO
1st timed neutral locking after monopolar trip YES/NO
Inst. unbalance locking after monopolar trip YES/NO
Timed unbalance locking after monopolar trip YES/NO
Settings Range Step
Timed enable NO, YES, YES + DropoutTimed pickup (0.2-4) In 0.1
Response type Definite time
Normal inverse IEC
Very inverse IEC
Extr. inverse IEC
User IEC (mod.)
Normal inverse ANSI
Very inverse ANSI
Extr. inverse ANSI
User ANSI (mod.)
Time index
ANSI
IEC-BSC
0.5-30
0.05-1.09
0.1
0.01
Definite time 0-100 0.1Torque control YES/NO
Instantaneous enable YES/NO
Instantaneous pickup (0.2-30) In 0.1
Instantaneous additional time 0-10 0.01
Torque control YES/NO
Negative/zero sequence angle 0-3590 10
Directional lockout Vpol