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Waves
What are waves? A wave is a phenomenon in which
energy is transferred through vibration.
Types of Waves Transverse Waves
Longitudinal Waves
Transverse Waves are waves which travel in a direction
perpendicular to the direction of vibrations.
Direction of vibrations
Direction of wave
Generating Transverse Waves
Transverse Wavesexamples include
water wavesrope waveslight waveelectromagnetic waves
Longitudinal Waves are waves which travel in a direction parallel to
the direction of vibrations.
Direction of vibration
Direction of wave
examples includesound wavessound waves
Generating of Longitudinal Waves [slinky spring]
Characteristics of A Wave Crests and Troughs Amplitude Wavelength Frequency Period Speed
Crests and Trough Crests are high point of a wave Troughs are low point of a wave
displacement
distance
crest crest
troughtrough
Amplitude (A) is the height of a crest or depth of a
trough measured from the normal undisturbed positions.
displacement
distance
crest crest
trough
Amplitude
Amplitude
SI Unit For Amplitude is measured in metres (m)
displacement
distance
crestcrest crestcrest
trough
Amplitude
Amplitude
Wavelength () is the distance between two
successive crests or troughsdisplacement
distance
Amplitude
AmplitudeAmplitude
crestcrest crest
trough trough
Wavelength
Wavelength
SI Unit For Wavelength is measured in metres (m)
displacement
distance
Amplitude
Amplitude
crestt crest
trough trough
Wavelength
Frequency (f) is the number of vibrations in one
second.
SI Unit For Frequency is the Hertz (Hz)
1 Hz is 1 vibration in 1 second.
50 Hz is 50 vibrations in 1 second.
Test Yourselves Explain the meaning of
28 Hz, 100 Hz , 135 Hz, 1570 Hz.
Period (T) is the time taken for one complete
vibration. (or oscillation or cycle)
SI Unit For Period is measured in second (s)
Relationship between Period (T) and Frequency (f)
f = 100 Hz T = 1/100 s f = 40 Hz T = 1/40 s f = 23 Hz T = 1/23 s f = 8 Hz T = 1/8 s f = f Hz T = 1/f s
Relationship Between f and T
f1T
Speed Of a Wave is the distance moved in one second.
SI Unit For Speed is measured in metre per second (ms-1or m/s)
Wave Equation Speed of a wave
= wavelength period= wavelength x frequency
where v = speed, f = frequency and = wavelength V = f
Describing WavesDisplacement-Time Graph
for one particle on the wave
timetime
displacementdisplacement