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Alma AtaDeclaration
and Primary
Health Care
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Alma Ata DeclarationPrimary Health Care wasdeclared during the FirstInternational Conference onPrimary Health Care in Alma Ata,USSR on September !"#, "$%&'
It was sponsored by the (orldHealth )rgani*ation and U+ICF'
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Philippines Responseto PHC PHC recogni*es the inter!relationship
between health and the o-er!allsocio!economic de-elopment'
PHC was adapted in the Philippinesthrough Letter of Instruction 949,signed by Pres' Ferdinand ' .arcos
on )ctober "$, "$%$'Healthy Population = EconomicDevelopment
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Primer on the PHC
!"oal/ 0Health for All by the Year2000 1(H), "$%&2and 0Health inthe Hands of the People by the
Year 20203#!$ission/ To strengthen the health
care system by increasing
opportunities and supporting theconditions wherein people willmanage their own health care.
%!Central &heme/ Partnership and
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4' Core 'trate(y/ Full participation
and actie inolement of thecommunity towards thedeelopment of self-reliance
5' )r(ani*ational 'trate(y/Proides the framewor! formeeting the goal of PH" which is
#Health for All$ which calls foractie and continuing partnershipamong the communities% priate
and goernment agencies which
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67A6 8ASIS )FPRI.AR9 HA6:H
CAR
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+niversal Declaration of HumanRi(hts, Article #-, 'ection
! 0&eryone has the right to a standardof liing ade'uate for the health andwell-being of himself and his family%including food% clothing% housing% andmedical care and necessary socialserices and the right to security in
the eent of unemployment% sic!ness%disability% old age% widowhood% or lac!of lielihood3'
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"$&% Philippine Constitution,Article ;III, Section ""- #The (tate shall adopt an integrated
and comprehensie approach tohealth deelopment which shall
endeaor to ma!e essential goods%health and other social sericesaailable to all the people at
a)ordable cost. There shall be priority for the needs of theunderpriileged% sic!% elderly%
disabled% women% and children. The
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.orld Health )r(ani*ation/99-0
! 0*oernments hae aresponsibility for the health
of their people which can beful+lled only by the
proision of ade'uate healthand social measures3'
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1undamental 'ervices ofPrimary Health Care"' Ade
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' Ade
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&hree $a2or
Aspects of
Primary HealthCare Elements
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"' PR)$)&I3E A'PEC&'
.ducation concerning healthproblems and the methods ofpre-enting them
.Promotion of food supplyand proper nutrition
.Ade
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#' PRE3E&I3E A'PEC&'
.aternal Health CareChild Health Care
Family PlanningImmuni*ation against ma>or
infectious diseases
Pre-ention and control oflocally endemic diseases
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=' C+RA&I3E A'PEC&'
Appropriate treatmentof common diseases andin>uries
Pro-ision of essentialdrugs
C t 5P
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Cornerstones5P ars nPHC"'Support .echanism made
a-ailable ? e
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Characteristics of PHCEssential 'ervices
"'Community!based
#'Accessible
='Acceptable
4'Sustainable5'Aordable
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)6stacle to Primary
Health Care ursin("'Role CompleBity
#'SpecialResponsibilities
='Role Confusion4'6ac@ of S@ills :raining
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HA6:H
PR).):I)+
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De7nition! Health Promotion is the process ofenabling people to increase controloer% and to improe% their health. To
reach a state of complete physical%mental and social well-being% anindiidual or group must be able to
identify and to reali,e aspirations% tosatisfy needs% and to change or copewith the enironment
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)::A(A CHAR:R
Health is seen as a resource fore-eryday life, not the ob>ecti-e ofli-ing' Health is a positi-e conceptemphasi*ing social and personalresources, as well as physicalcapacities' :herefore, healthpromotion is not >ust the
responsibility of the health sector, butgoes beyond healthy life!styles towell!being'
1First International Conference on
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Health Promotion occurs throughprocesses of/
"' nabling people
#' Ad-ocacy
=' .ediating among sectorsIn essence, health promotion action
in-ol-es/
.Helping people to de-eloppersonal s@ills
.Creating supporti-e en-ironments
.Strengthening communities
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Inuencing go-ernments
to enact healthy publicpolicies
Reorienting and impro-inghealth ser-ices
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)tta8a Charters HealthPromotion 'trate(ies
! :uild Healthy Pu6lic Policy
.6egislation
.
.a@ing of health!related laws andDscal measures
.)rgani*ational change that isgeared towards more dynamic andrele-ant organi*ational structureand organi*ational climate
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#! Create a 'upportive Environment
.All nations and peoples should adopt
the principle of 0reciprocalmaintenance3 where e-erybody loo@sout for e-eryoneEs welfare ! ta@e care
of each other !wor@ as a global community to conser-ethe worldEs natural resources
! protect the natural en-ironment so
that future generations may still en>oyhealthy and producti-e life on thisplanet
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=' 'tren(then Community Action
mpowerment of the communities
through communitydeelopmentaction
! :he process of collecti-e community
eorts directed towards increasingcommunity control o-er thedeterminants of health, impro-ing
health and becoming empowered toapply indi-idual and collecti-e s@ills toaddress health priorities and meetrespecti-e health needs
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4' Develop personal s;ills
Personal and socialde-elopment can be attainedthrough/
.Health education
. &nhancing social and life s!ills
. Prepare people to cope withthe crises and challenges in life
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Health Education asde7ned 6y the .H)Health Education ? consciouslyconstructed opportunities for
learning designed to facilitatechanges in behaior towards a predetermined goal% and
inoling some form ofcommunication designed toimproe health literacy%
!nowledge% and life s!ills
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5' Re
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Core Health Promotion 'trate(ies
"' Health A8areness ? raisingawareness or consciousness ofhealth issues
a' .ethods ? health education tal@s,group wor@, mass media, displaysand eBhibitions, campaigns
b' Actions ? encourage people tosee@ early detection and treatment
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#! Chan(in( Attitudes and
:ehaviors ? changing or modifyingthe lifestyle of indi-iduals throughadoption of healthier options andbeha-iors
a' .ethods ? group wor@, s@illstraining, self!help groups, one!to!one instruction, group or indi-idual
therapy, written material ad-ice
b' Actions ? encourage women ofreproducti-e age, whether single or
married, to conduct regular 8S and
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=' Improvin( no8led(e ? pro-iding
information through health educationusing dierent instructional media andmaterials
a' .ethods ? demonstration of 8S, one!to!one teaching, displays and eBhibitions,written materials and mass mediacampaigns, group teaching
b' Actions ? clients identify what they @nowand want to @now about breast cancerperform return demonstration of 8S
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4' 'elf
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Roles of Practitioner Involvedin Inte(rated Health
Promotion Pro(rams! Ena6ler ? ma@ing it possible for people to
ha-e the @nowledge, s@ills and attitudethat will allow them to ha-e direct controland use of health resources in thecommunity
#! Advocate ? support, promote or ad-ancean idea or cause, spea@ for or in behalf ofothers to help them ad-ance their cause orconcern
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Advocacy ? is a combination of
indiidual and social actionsdesigned to gain politicalcommitment% policy support%
social acceptance and systemssupport for a particular health
program
Action for health ! oftenre'uires health wor!ers to spea!out publicly or write on behalf ofth lli f h i