Download - Academic English 10th Anthology
UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL A DISTANCIA COLEGIO NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A
DISTANCIA COORDINACIÓN ACADÉMICA
INGLÉS DÉCIMO
CÓDIGO: 80019
ANTOLOGÍAS CONED
2011
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El CONED agradece a HAZEL VIVIANA ALFARO SALAS por la elección y presentación
de los temas de la presente antología, así como el aporte a la educación secundaria a distancia.
Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los
datos, no implican de parte del CONED o la UNED juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de
personas, países, territorios, ciudades o de autoridades.
MATERIAL SIN FINES COMERCIALES PARA USO EXCLUSIVO DE
ESTUDIANTES DEL COLEGIO NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA
CONED
Dirección General: : Clara Vila Santo Domingo
Coordinación Académica: Jéssica Ramírez Achoy
Coordinación Administrativa: Jéssica Vega Barrientos
Asistente Coordinación Académica: Jonathan Soto
Coordinación de Inglés: Olman Alfonso Cantillo Badilla
Teléfonos 22-58-22-09 / 22-55-30-42 / 22-21-29-95
Página Web: http//www.coned.ac.cr
© 2011, CONED.
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INDEX .
10º LEVEL
1. Achievements of our national athletes………………………… 4
2. Costa Rican Art, music and
crafts…………………………………………………………….… 32
3. Costa Rican typical
food……………………………………………………………..... 45
4. Holidays and celebrations in Costa Rica with some celebrations in English
Speaking countries…………..................................................... 74
5. Causes and effects of natural resources
misuse…………………………………………………………….. 110
6. Tourist attractions offered by Costa Rican
Communities………………………………………………………. 137
7. Common illnesses and new diseases and
epidemics…………………………………………………………..... 160
8. Our Democratic
Tradition…………………………………………………………….. 186
9. Careers, jobs and
lifestyles………………………………………………………........... 200
10. Answer key………………………………………………………….. 222
11. Bibliography………………………………………………………… 225
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First unit:
ACHIEVEMENTS OF OUR NATIONAL
ATHLETES.
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Objectives
Making use of new vocabulary and structures encountered in their reading to
respond orally and in writing.
Writing coherently and accurately on a range of factual and imaginative topics.
Drawing inferences.
Identifying the purpose of short messages
Understanding short and factual texts.
Understanding ideas and information in the text through making inferences.
Understanding conceptual meaning.
National athletes: lives and achievements.
Information questions: who, when, where, how fast/long, which, etc.
What sports does ____ play? Are you good at ____?
What’s his/her best ____?
Sports: swimming, diving, archery, canoeing, etc.
National athletes: achievements, biography, etc.
Functions:
Reporting and describing events.
Narrating information.
Asking for and giving information about national athletes, their lives and
achievements.
Sports and Equipment
Instructions. Match each of the following sports with the correct picture
below:
......skiing …….cycling …….badminton …….fishing
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……golf …….darts …….table-tennis …….running
……diving ……volleyball …….hockey …….boxing
……horse-riding …….motor-racing …...soccer …….football
…….ice skating ……basketball …….tennis …... baseball
1 2 3 4 5
6 7
8 9
1
0
11 12 13
14
15
16 17
18
19 20
Can you find the following sporting items in the pictures above? Write down
the correct numbers!
___boxing glove ___helmet ___snorkel ___flippers.
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___running track ___baseball bat ___golf club ___skates
___racing car ___hockey stick ___ basketball ___fishing rod
___saddle ___skis ___target ___basket
___net ___shuttlecock ___bicycle ___darts
___basketball ___tennis racket ___table-tennis ___running shoe
___football ___skiing-stick ___horse ___baseball glove
___badminton racket
Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
1. score ___person who takes part in a sport or game
2. team ___someone who watches a sporting event
3. amateur ___a person who controls a sports match
4. match ___number of points or goals each team / player has
5. spectator ___someone who plays a sport as a paid job
6. professional ___a large group of peple who watch a sporting event
7. referee ___a group of sportsmen who play together
8. crowd ___an organized game e.g. of football
9. player ___a person who plays a sport for enjoyment, not for
money
Sports are very important for many people. If you want to express that someone is
nice, fair and a good friend you say,“He is a good sport!“
Are you sporting / sportive / sporty/ a sportswoman / a sportsman?
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What are your favourite kinds of sports? Write a short text about yourself!
How often do you play it? What equipment do you need to play it?
Scuba Diving in Costa Rica
Would you like to try scuba diving? Why or Why not? What animals would you like
to see in the ocean? What do you know about this activity? Look at some
important equipment needed to practice it.
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Taken from: http://louisvillediving.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/scuba-diver2.jpg
Read the following information about diving in Costa Rica.
Diving in Costa Rica
The ideal destination for adventure travelers, Costa Rica is filled with plenty to
see and much to do. A tropical haven for those who enjoy the outdoors, this
small country with its magnificent biodiversity is fast becoming one of the
hottest tourist destinations on the planet. Biologically intense on land as well as
underwater, Costa Rica offers nature lovers the perfect environment to view a
plethora of wildlife species in their natural habitat.
One of the best ways to get a first hand glimpse of Costa Rica’s stunning
underwater marine life is through a scuba diving tour. Scuba diving is all the
rage in Costa Rica at the moment, with many tour groups and travel agencies
now offering underwater trips and excursions. A number of dive companies are
also found all across the country, and scuba diving facilities in Costa Rica are
now world class. With professional PADI instruction courses as well as top
quality dive shops with equipment rental services, scuba diving here has
reached new heights.
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Massive schools of fish, an amazing array of marine life and an ideal water
temperature throughout the year, has meant that scuba diving conditions in
Costa Rica are near perfect. While some of the Pacific Coast of the country
does not have much to offer, as the underwater visibility is quite low; in places
like Playas del Coco, Playa Hermosa and Playa Ocotal, scuba diving is actually
quite good. Here one gets the opportunity to see giant manta rays, swimming
alongside brightly colored tropical fish and sharks.
One of the best scuba diving zones on the Pacific Coast is off Bahia Drake or
Drake Bay. Visit the Isla del Caño and the Isla del Coco off the bay and you will
be treated to some spectacular underwater sights. These two islands have an
abundance of marine life off their coast, where one can encounter sharks,
turtles and many different species fish. The Isla del Caño is said to be the best
place to scuba dive in the country. Home to 18 species of coral, 3 species of
dolphin and 57 different species of crustaceans, this tiny island is the ultimate
scuba diving spot.
On the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica, scuba diving is a real treat.
Unfortunately, this area has not been properly developed and the facilities for
scuba diving here are not as good as they are on the Pacific Coast. If you do
get the chance, scuba diving here on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica is well
worth your time, as the eastern section of Costa Rica is home to the country’s
only coral reef off the coast of the Parque Nacional Cahuita. Though seriously
damaged by an earthquake in 1991, the reef here is home to over 123 species
of fish, 140 species of mollusk, and 35 species of coral.
Taken from: http://www.govisitcostarica.com/category/outdoorRecreation/divingCompanies.asp
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Now, choose the correct answer to complete each stamement.
1. The word pethora in line 5 is a synonim for the word ___________
a. Poor
b. Over abundance
c. Lack of
d. Needed
2. The word stunning on line number 7 is a synonym for the
word________________________
a. Simple
b. Ugly
c. Regular
d. Breath Taking
3. Dive companies can be found ____________________________
a. Everywhere in Costa Rica
b. Only on the Coast
c. Only in the Carebbean
d. Only on Drake Bay
4. To practice diving in Costa Rica you _________________________
a. Must have your own equipment
b. Can rent the necesary equipment
c. Must have an international diploma
d. Should like animals
5. According to some people _______________ is the best place to practice
this sport
a. Isla del Cano
b. Drake Bay
c. Hermosa Beach
d. Ocotal Beach
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6. The _______________ is better than the _______________ to practice this
sport
a. Pacific Coast – Caribbean
b. Caribbean – Pacific Coast
c. Parque Nacional Cahuita – Ocotal
d. Ocotal – Parque Nacional Cahuita
Answer the following questions based on the reading.
1. What are some factors that makes Costa Rica an ideal place to practice
diving.
2. Where is Costa Rica’s only Coral Reef?
3. What can you find in Isla del Cano?
4. Why is it that the Caribbean Coast is not as good as the Pacific Coast?
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We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question word questions). We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy, HoW).
Question Word Function Example
What asking for information about
something
What is your name?
asking for repetition or
confirmation
What? I can't hear you.
You did what?
what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that
for?
When asking about time When did he leave?
Where asking in or at what place or
position
Where do they live?
Which asking about choice Which colour do you
want?
Who asking what or which person or
people (subject)
Who opened the door?
Whom asking what or which person or
people (object)
Whom did you see?
Whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys?
GRAMMAR POINT
WH- QUESTIONS
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Whose turn is it?
Why asking for reason, asking
what...for
Why do you say that?
why don't making a suggestion Why don't I help you?
How asking about manner How does this work?
asking about condition or quality How was your exam?
how + adj/adv asking about extent or degree see examples below
how far Distance How far is Pattaya from
Bangkok?
how long length (time or space) How long will it take?
how many quantity (countable) How many cars are
there?
how much quantity (uncountable) How much money do
you have?
how old Age How old are you?
how come
(informal)
asking for reason, asking why How come I can't see
her?
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Question Word Auxiliary Subject Verb Complement
Where Do They Go to school?
When Does Mary watch T.V.?
What Did You Do yesterday?
What time Do They get up every day?
Why Does John come late?
Who(m) Did Ann Go with?
How often Do They play soccer?
Let’s Practice!
Match the items on the right to the items on the left. Click on the boxes in the right hand column and drag them to the appropriate boxes in the left hand column.
Wh- Questions: Word Order
Where does George usually eat lunch? ( ) Who do you usually come to school with? ( ) What do you want to do this weekend? ( ) How much does it cost to fly from San Antonio to Mexico City? ( ) When does Barbara plan to buy a new car? ( ) What time does Helen have to be at work? ( ) How far is it from here to your house? ( ) Why do you always complain about your boss? ( ) How often do you go to the mall? ( )
1. Because she's very
mean to me.
2. At 8:30 a.m.
3. In October
.
4. Once a week.
5. Let's go to the beach.
6. About 10 miles.
7. About $500.
8. With my brother.
9. At the restaurant next
to the shoe store.
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Complete the questions by inserting DO, DOES, or DID.
1. What time _______________ James call you last night?
2. Where ______________ Karen want to go on her vacation?
3. How long ____________it usually take to drive from San Antonio to Dallas?
4. Why ____________Ken come to school on the bus today?
5. How often ____________ you go grocery shopping?
6. How far ______________ the boys run last Friday?
7. What ___________ Kathy want to do this weekend?
8. Who _____________ the boys go fishing with the other day?
Fill in the blanks to complete the questions.
1.
A: What time __________________ in the morning? (you)
B: I get up at 7:30 a.m.
2.
A: When__________________? (Tony)
B: He goes jogging every morning
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3.
A: Where___________________? (Randy)
B: He lives across the street from North Star Mall.
4.
A: Who_________________with? (Anna)
B: She comes to school with her brother.
6.
A: How much___________________to get an oil change? (it)
B: It costs about $30.00.
7.
A: What kind of car____________________? (your brother)
B: He has a Ford Taurus.
8.
A: What_______________________to buy at the mall? (you)
B: I want to buy a pair of black shoes and some blouses
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Change the statements to questions using the question word in parenthesis.
Check verb tense.
Example: The train arrived at ten o’clock.
(what time) What time did the train arrive?
1. They do their homework at night.
(when) ________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone.
(who) __________________________________________________________
3. The car is across the street from the house.
(where) ________________________________________________________
4. I like the red blouse, not the blue one.
(which) ________________________________________________________
5. She felt better after she took a nap.
(how)__________________________________________________________
6. That is an English book.
(what) __________________________________________________________
7. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday
(when) _________________________________________________________
8. She talked to him for an hour.
(how long) ___________________________________________________
9. He studies piano at the university.
(what) _______________________________________________________
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10. The party lasted all night.
(how long)____________________________________________________
11. The check was for $5.50.
(how much)_____________________________________________________
Reading
Before you read the text think about these questions.
1. Who is Lobito Fonseca?
2. What sport did he practice?
3. What do you know about him and this sport?
Now read Lobito Fonseca’s story
Born on September 3, 1981 in San José, Costa Rica, Fonseca began riding dirt
bikes at the age of 5. At 12 years old, his natural talent had led him to the
United States for a chance to race in mini-classes where he dominated the
80cc class. At this point, Ernesto decided to move up to the 125cc Pro class,
where the powerhouses of Costa Rican motocross such as Adrian Robert,
Rodolfo Peña, Arnoldo Beeche, and others had a tough battle for the
championship.
At first, there was a little controversy since MotoClub de Costa Rica has a rule,
that the minimum age to ride 125's was 17. In the end M.C.C.R. modified this
rule and Fonseca was perfectly legal in the 125cc class. It was in his first
exhibition race in la Guácima where Fonseca showed his talent by beating
Adrian Robert. From here on, Ernesto and Adrian Robert were the fans
favorites and the all time contenders for the 125cc & 250cc class titles, battling
one each other race after race. Ernesto's dominance also gave him several
125cc Latin American motocross championships. Fonseca kept a busy
schedule competing in winter Olympics and Loretta Lynn's amateur motocross
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championships where he met his long time friend Ricky Carmichael. In 1999,
Phil Alderton and Erik Kehoe of Yamaha of Troy would hire him to race the
AMA Supercross Series East.
It was just matter of time for Fonseca to step up to AMA motocross. AMA Pro
Racing, and Yamaha of Troy (Y.O.T.), embraced him and made him feel at
home. A confidence boost for Ernesto was also that he was understudy of
names like Jeremy McGrath, Jimmy Button & others.
That season he had certainly proven himself, winning the first five rounds of the
series, and the championship. For this, Fonseca was named the 1999 AMA
Rookie of the Year award and he went on to win the 125 East division
championship (first championship for Yamaha of Troy as a Team) aboard a
Yamaha YZ125R. Ernesto's second season at Y.O.T. was full of struggles as
he adapted from two to four-stroke bikes. In his third season, now accustomed
to his four-stroke bike and the different riding it requires, he went on to win the
west conference championship. He became the first rider to win both East and
West division championships and also the first rider to win Supercross on a
four-stroke.
As AMA rules state a rider must move to the 250cc Supercross class if they've
won two 125cc Supercross championships, Fonseca joined the American
Honda factory racing team in 2002 joining long time friend Ricky Carmichael.
At Honda, Carmichael helped Ernesto immensely, helping him improve in the
outdoor motocross championship. This was reflected by Fonseca usually
finishing in the top five.
Tragically, Fonseca's career came to an end due to a practice crash that broke
cervicals C5, C6 and C7. Ernesto Fonseca, a tough rider, remains a Costa
Rican motocross legend.
Taken from: www.wikipedia.com
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Now choose the best option to answer each question.
1. When did Lobito Fonseca start riding bikes?
a. When he was a teenager
b. When he was a young adult
c. When he was a child
d. When he was an adult.
2. Where did he have his first competition?
a. In La Guacima
b. In the USA
c. In Mexico
d. In San Jose, Costa Rica
3. For how many seasons did Fonseca participate in motor racing
championships?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
4. Why did Lobito’s career in motor cross end?
a. Because he didn’t want to participate more
b. Because he finished on the top five
c. Because he got injured in an accident
d. Because he needed to be older
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Answer these questions based on Lobito Fonseca’s bio
What was the rule that the MotoClub de Costa Rica have to change?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What was Fonseca doing when he got injured?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What are some categories Fonseca participated in?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What accomplishments did he get on his carrer?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
Juan Jose MadrigalPacheco us a Costa Rican athlete. He bécame the first
Costa Rican to compete in Atlanta’s Olympic Games. He debuted the team’s
efforts on July 20 in the 100 meter breaststroke. The 22 year old bachelor had
qualified for the Olympics in a test run in Cuba, where he clocked in at 1:05:54.
In Atlanta, Juan Jose finished the competition in 34th place.
Melissa Mata Corella was 16 years old when she competed in the Olympic
Games ran in Atlanta. She was the youngest member of the team and
competed on July 26, 1996 in the 20 meter butterfly. Melissa qualified with time
of 2:20:53.
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Andres Brenes Mata was the only tico cyclist to go to the Olympic Games in
Atlanta. He had a good shot at a medal after winning the silver Panamerican
Games in Mar de Plata Argentina (1995) and the Tour of Costa Rica and
Guatemala.
1. Juan Jose and Melissa ______________________________________.
a. Competed in the Panamerican Games
b. Held the first place in the race
c. Won an Olympic silver medal
d. Are both swimmers
2. Andres Brenes _______________ in Argentina
a. Was born
b. Won two medals
c. Got the second place
d. Qualified for the Olympics
3. Juan Jose Madrigal _________________________________________
a. Is a teenager
b. Lives in Cuba
c. Got the 22nd place
d. Is an unmarried man
4. Andres Brenes _____________________________________________.
a. Never competed in the Olympics
b. Won a silver medal in Mar de Plata
c. Got two gold medals in Guatemala
d. Finished 34th place in a competition.
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How much do you know about surfing?
Here are some important facts about it!
The art of surfing, called he'enalu in the Hawaiian language, was first observed
by Europeans in 1767, by the crewmembers of the Dolphin at Tahiti; however,
surfing was a central part of ancient Polynesian culture and predates European
contact.
Equipment needed: Wet suit and a Surfboard, any other equipment is almost
optional.
Surfing Ranking (as April 2007) Costa Rica
Name Category Age Impressive
Fact
Favorite
Wave
Experience Hometown
Gilbert
Brown
Open* 23 2001-2002
National
Champion
Salsa
Brava
14 Puerto Viejo
Nino
Myrie
Open* 21 2002-2003
National
Champion
Salsa
Brava
and
Pavones
12 Puerto Viejo
Lisbeth
Vindas
Women’s
Bodyboar
d **
24 5-time National
Champion in
the Women’s
Category
Central
American
Women’s
Champion
Playa
Escondid
a
10 Jaco
25
Natalie
Bernold
Women’s
Category
13 2005-2006
Junior
Women’s
Champion
Century 21
Coastal
Estates
Charity Surf
Classic
Avellana
Beach
7 Tamarindo
Include all the categories* ** with a smaller board.
1. People in that chart must ____________ to practice their sport
a. Wear spikes
b. use a helmet
c. Wear swimwear
d. practice on a court.
2. “Wave” refers to _____________ in the chart
a. The place where these people live
b. the place where they eat
c. Their favorite place to surf
d. a movement in the water
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3. The people in the chart are very young, __, they have lots of experience
a. Nevertheless
b. even
c. however
d. in addition
4. A hometown is the place where is the place where the surfers
a. Practice the sport
b. live
c. Study
d. their favorite wave is
5. Based only on the chart, you can infer that there _______ in Costa Rica
a. Are at least 2 categories
b. are more than 3 categories
c. Is only one surfing category
d. are at least 3 categories
6. Based only (not on your geographic knowledge) that ______ is a beach
a. Jaco
b. Tamarindo
c. Puerto Viejo
d. Salsa Brava
7. ______________ have been surfing more than half his/her life
a. Gilbert and Nino
b. Nino and Lisbeth
c. Nathalie and Gilberth
d. Lisbeth and Nathalie
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8. ______________ have been surfing more than half his/her life
e. Gilbert and Nino
f. Nino and Lisbeth
g. Nathalie and Gilberth
h. Lisbeth and Nathalie
Read the text below
Young Winners
When talking about successful Costa Rican athletes, we usually think of soccer
players like Paulo Cesar Wanchope or Gilberto Martinez, or we think of the
famous swimmers Claudia Poll or Silvia Poll because their achievements have
been truly outstanding, and at the same time they have become a symbol of
our national pride. However, sometimes we overlook the accomplishments of
other Costa Rican athletes that succeed in other disciplines, and in some
cases these people do not receive the recognition they deserve. For example,
have you heard of Juan Antonio Marin, Ernesto Fonseca or Marco Aurelio
Odio? They are these three men that have put the name of Costa Rica before
the word’s eyes and a little has been said about them. Therefore, below you
will find in plain words why they deserve credits.
First of all, let’s meet Juan Antonio Marin. This expert tennis player obtained
the Coqui Bowl Title in 1989 in Puerto Rico. At this time, he announced he
would do great things. He indeed kept his word when became the first and only
Costa Rican who has won the Copa del Café. In 1992 and 1993, he was twice
champion in doubles and by 1996, he had become a professional tennis
player. After winning against Marcelo Rios from Chile and Michael Chang from
the USA, Marin got his first title of the ATP in the open of Switzerland in
Bastad.
Secondly, a wolf in champion’s clothing Ernesto “Lobito” Fonseca, was
registered in the history as the first motorcycle pilot of the area that won a title
at the age of 17. This prize added to his early successful career: five Latin
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Americans titles, four Central American titles, four amateur tournaments in
USA, 12 national titles, and several other categories in motocross.
The third man to honor is Marco Aurelio Odio Gallardo, who is considered the
greatest Costa Rican bowler in history. He is the only Costa Rican player with
five perfect games (line of 300 points) four here in Costa Rica and one in
Miami. During his 19 years of career, he won La Raza two times (1989 and
1992). He has won the national tournament twice in 1995 and 96, once the
Central American in 1996, and he has won the isthmus’s Champion of
Champions tournament in times. He has also been to 10 World Tournaments.
These great competitors demonstrate that dreams come true when you work
hard for them.
Adapted from: nacion.com<http://www.nacion.com/In_ee/futbol/milenio/cien9/cien20.html
Based on the previous reading choose the option that best completes the
statements or question.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is __________________________
a. There are successful soccer players
b. Claudia and Silvia Poll represent our National pride
c. Not all Costa Ricans athletes are recognized
d. Aurelio Odio has represented the country in the world
2. Juan Antonio Marin is a successful ____________________________
a. Bowler
b. Soccer player
c. Pilot
d. Tennis player
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3. Marin became a professional player in ___________________________
a. 1992
b. 1993
c. 1989
d. 1996
4. “Lobito” Fonseca made history when he won ______________________
a. a title the same year of his debut
b. the Latin American titles
c. Central American titles
d. An amateur tournament.
5. Marco Aurelio Odio’s greatest achievement was ___________________
a. Winning “La Raza” tournament
b. Doing five perfect games
c. Winning the isthmus Champion of Champions Tournament
d. Being in ten world tournaments
6. What these three athletes have in common is that __________________
a. The three of them are pilots
b. The three of them are recognized throughout the world
c. The three of them have succeeded at a very young age
d. None of them have worked hard for their goals.
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Now complete the chart below with the information about the athletes
mentioned in the article.
Athlete’s name Occupation Sport Achievements
Solve the following cross-word puzzle with these sentences.
Across
3. You need a racket to play ______
4. Claudia Poll is an outstanding __
5. An ______ takes part in sport
competitions
6. An oxygen tank is needed to
practice _______________
8. Tennis is played on a _________
9. ________ is a sport that requires
an arrow
10. You can ________ a wave or the
Down
1. ______ is one of the most popular
sport in the USA
2. Soccer is played on a ________
3. Bora and Guimaraes have been
_______ to the National Soccer
Team.
7. To ______ is to move on ice with
skates
8. ______ requires patience and
concentration
11. A _______ is a point scored when
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net.
13. In England soccer is called ____
14. A _______ is a physical activity
17. A _____ takes place when a
player hurts another intentionally
during the game
18. To _______ is to fight with gloves
the ball enters the goal.
12. ______ shows the best athletes in
the same category.
15. Do you like to __________
soccer?
16. __________ is a form of football
played with an egg-shaped ball.
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COSTA RICAN ART, MUSIC AND CRATS
Second Topic
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Objectives
Understanding the communicative value (function) of sentences and utterances.
Linking sentences and paragraphs, structuring ideas.
Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,
giving reasons
Making themselves understood with little or no difficulty.
Formulating propositions and answering propositions.
Selecting written material that is appropriate to their competence to read
independently.
Art crafts and music in Costa Rica:
Wh_ questions: which, when, what, how many, how, why, etc.
Who is a famous painter/writer?
Where does the ___ play?
Yes/no questions
Do you like/prefer ____?
Is he/she a ____?
Types of music: classical, popular.
Places: Gallery, theater, etc.
Different Kinds of Music!!
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There are many kinds of music. Can you match the different styles of music with some of its most famous and representative singers?
1. EMINEM
( ) Country Music
2. Marck Anthony
( ) Heavy Metal
3. Carrie Underwood
( ) Salsa and Tropical Music
4. Beyonce
( ) Rap Music
5.
( ) Pop Music
35
36
Read the following text
Vegetables Back on the Scene
After two years of silence, Garbanzos is back to give a concert.
Ten years ago a group of teenagers got together and decided to form a music
group that, with time, would become one of the most emblematic Latin Rock
Bands in the Country: Garbanzos. However, two years ago their fans began to
suffer the silence of the band. They stopped listening to the lyrics and sounds
of Garbanzos. The reasons were several: one of its members Gustavo, got
married and left the band. Another had a car accident. “Everything came at the
same time”, said one of them but now they’re back: “We’re older, twenty-eight
on average but…” according to them “better than ever”.
After finishing their studies, the band is giving a concert, it only costs 1500
colones. They’re going to release their new recordings. These are fourteen
original songs compiled in a CD titled “Algo en la Vida” (Something in Life).
However, they’re going to play their old hits, too. It would be two hours of
Garbanzo’s best rock.
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the text above.
1. The Garbanzo’s have played ____________________
a. for eight years
b. for the last ten years
c. for the last two years
d. since they were teenagers
2. The Band stopped playing because ______________
a. The members became older
b. They wanted to finish their studies
c. They took time to prepare their new album
37
d. There were changes and difficult situations in some of the band’s members
lives
3. The members of the Band Garbanzos are __________ on average
a. Teenagers
b. 10 years old
c. 28 years old
d. 38 years old
4. The Band is going to play ____________ during the concert
a. Only their new material
b. A mixture of their new and old songs
c. The music that made them famous ten years ago
d. Fourteen songs from their album “Algo en la Vida”
Read the following text
Jacques who…? Who is he?
A writer and a musician, Jacques Sagot has become one of the most
prominent personalities in the cultural panorama in Costa Rica. Feeling this
passion for both kinds of art, Sagot studied music and became of the most
celebrated pianist Costa Rica has ever had.
As a writer, he prefers to write short stories and articles for newspapers.
Among his works, we can find Cuentos Magicos y Goticos (Magic and the
Gothic Tales) published in 1998, where the writer bases his tales on fantasy.
Cuentos de Plenilunio (Full Moon Tales) published in 2001, is his second
book. This time the author remains faithful to the narrative style and fantastic
world shown in his previous publication.
Besides these two books, Sagot has published a work titled Ella (She) and
the first volume of Pensamiento en forja (Thoughts under Construction),
38
whose second volume was released last year. In these two volumes, he
compiles the articles he has published on page 15 for La Nacion from 1988 to
the present. So the next time you listen to this uncommon name, you will
know who this prolific artist is.
Choose the correct option that completes each sentence based on the
reading above.
1. The text emphasizes to the work of Sagot as _________
a. A pianist mostly
b. A writer exclusively
c. A journalist in La Nacion
d. Booth a musician and a writer
2. In his second book Sagot ________________
a. Writes magic and gothic stories
b. Tries a new way to write short stories
c. Keeps a similar style and topic as in his first book
d. Continues with the second volume of his first book
3. The two volumes of Pensamiento en Forja have been __________
a. Released in 2006
b. Considered fantastic
c. Published by La Nacion
d. Written from 1988 to the present
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
Arts Fest will Go On
Organizers of the beleaguered Festival of the Arts, set to begin this weekend in
Limon, were plowing forward at press time, despite a local strike which
39
threatened to end the festival before it begins.
The Festival of the Arts is set to offer a wide range of local talent and big name
San Jose- acts, including a multi-genre mix of music, dance, theater and
poetry, with events in Limon, Cahuita and Guapiles from September 19-27
The popular festival was temporarily grounded once before, when Minister of
Culture attempted to shut it down, citing a lack of involvement and interest by
the national public and decreased performance quality. The Minister
subsequently reserved his decision and named a committee to ensure quality
and wide range at this year’s festival.
Festival of the Arts press spokesperson Ana Beatriz Fernandez said organizers
hoped the strike would end promptly, but claimed all events would continue as
scheduled.
The Tico Times, September 19, 2003 (Adapted)
1. The organizers of the Festival of the Arts fear that the ________affects it.
a. Strike in Limon
b. Absence of music
c. Schedule in Cahuita
d. Low quality of music
2. The Festival of Arts lasts ________________
a. Nine days
b. Nineteen days
c. Almost 15 days
d. About two weeks
40
3. According to the text, _____________ tried to close the festival because of
its low quality.
a. Organizers
b. Some strikers
c. The Minister of Culture
d. Ana Beatrice Fernandez
4. The Festival of the Arts ______________
a. Was created by Ms. Fernandez
b. Offers diverse events
c. Was forbidden by the Minister
d. Is an unpopular event.
Read the text. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.
Born in San Jose in 1934, Rafa Fernandez attended the Casa del Artista art
school in Guadalupe, a suburb northeast of San Jose, before accepting a
scholarship to the School of Fine Arts in Nicaragua. There he studied with
Rodrigo Penalba, an influence that would later be reflected in Fernandez’s use
of tone and color. Also influencing the artist’s style and expression would be
the time spent in Spain studying at the Circle of Fine Arts in Madrid. His works
have gained international distinction and have been shown in France, Spain,
the United States, Colombia, Honduras, Panama, Nicaragua and Guatemala.
In his exploration of the human figure, Fernandez employs a magical realism
that is central to his feminine characters. With explosions of color, he creates
the archetypal beauty using themes of desire and fascination combined with
soft and hard form.
The Tico Times, February 4, 2005
1. Rafa Fernandez studied in ___________________
a. Panama
41
b. Colombia
c. Nicaragua
d. Guatemala
2. Rodrigo Penalba inspired Rafa Fernandez to ____________________
a. Study at the Casa del Artista
b. Accept a scholarship
c. Use tone and color
d. Go to Spain
3. Rafa Fernandez _____________________ in Spain
a. Studied with Mr. Penalba
b. Got his style and expression
c. Gained international distiction
d. Worked in the Circle of Fine Arts
4. Rafa Fernandez paints ____________________
a. Human figures
b. Antique figures
c. Typical portraits
d. Colored photographs.
Read the text. Choose the best alternative to answer the questions.
The three-time Grammy award winning musical trio Editus realized their vision
with the opening of the Editus Arts Academy. The Academy has 50 students,
and Ednin Solis expects 400 students to be enrolled, working within a broad
range of musical styles. Solis’ vision for the academy and the types of courses
offered is similar to the trio’s music: a blend of style from across the musical
spectrum.
Editus, an all-instrumental group, “works in parallel with classical and
contemporary music”, Solis said. In keeping with that style, the academy has
42
tried to break from the traditional concept of formal musical training and expand
the focus from solely classical to styles such as rock, jazz, Latin and electronic.
Not limited to music or convention, the academy lends its unique perspective to
Costa Rican artist in the field of theater, dance, painting, literature, film and
poetry through workshops.
1. What’s Editus’ main achievement? They ______________________
a. Launched an academy
b. Play instrumental music
c. Won the Grammy Award
d. Got a national trophy twice
2. What’s Editus’ expectation? To ________________
a. Have hundreds of students
b. Enroll fifty students
c. Open an academy
d. Found a new trio
3. What kind of music does Editus play?
a. A mix of styles
b. Formal music
c. Choral music
d. autochthon
4. What type of courses does Editus offer in their academy? Courses _____
a. Specialized in formal music
b. On musical instruments
c. On sculpture and design
d. In different art fields.
43
Imagine you’re going to interview Jorge Jimenez Deredia. What would
you ask him about his career and achievements? Create a draft you’re
your interview with at least 10 questions.
My Interview with Jimenez Deredia
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Read the following text carefully.
Sarchi
Costa Rica is full of delightful places, but Sarchi stands out for the precision,
skill, charm and crafts of its arts which are the best in Costa Rica. Sarchi is
alson known for its carpentry. Josefinos come here to buy skillfully crafted
wooden chairs, tables and beds. These things might be a bit impractical for
foreign visitors to take home, but there are leather comfortable and wood
rocking chairs that can be folded to transport. Beautiful and useful bowls,
plates, cutting boards, napkin holders and the like of all made of native
hardwoods, are also available.
44
The pretty town of Sarchi is most famous for the brightly colored, artfully
painted oxcarts, in all sizes, that are made there. Visitors are welcome to enter
the “fábricas de carretas” and watch the master artist at work on miniature
versions of the carretas which are famous worldwide.
Now choose the best option to complete the sentences.
1. The reading says that Sarchi ________________________
a. Is full of things that can be folded to transport
b. Displays garde ornaments in leather
c. Stands for geometrical designs
d. Is the place of fine arts
2. A Sarchi article which is famous around the world is the _____________
a. Wood and leather rocking chair
b. Miniature version of the cart
c. Handmade napkin holder
d. Wooden table.
Now answer these questions based on the reading about Sarchi
1. Why is Sarchi such a popular tourist site?
__________________________________________________________
2. What size ox-carts are sold?
_____________________________________________________________
3. What items do people buy in Sarchi?
_____________________________________________________________
4. What wooden and leather item is made to for travelers to carry?
_____________________________________________________________
5. What kind of wood do the artisans use to make their crafts?
_____________________________________________________________
45
COSTA RICAN TYPICAL FOOD
Third Topic
46
Objectives
Understanding relations within the sentence (structure, syntax, morphological,
modification of structure and negation) characteristic of spoken language.
Identifying text types.
Identifying the purpose of short messages
Identifying details in familiar material.
Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion
devices.
Producing pieces of writing of various lengths on real and imaginary subjects.
Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,
giving reasons.
Typical food:
What are the most popular dishes in your community?
What do you eat for breakfast, lunch, etc. ____?
Which, when, how, what kind of____?
Do/does ____ like ____?
What's typical from____? etc.
Functions:
Convincing people to do something.
47
Look at these two recipes. One of them is to prepare chili con carne and
the other is to prepare pancakes. Arrange them according to the recipe.
Ingredients:
chili powder 1 tbsp salad oil
1 cup onion 1/2 cup green pepper
1 lb beans maple syrup
1 clove garlic 1-1/2 cups milk
1 tbsp butter 1 tbsp sugar
2 cups celery butter for frying
1/2 cup flour 2 cans of tomatoes
1/2 tsp salt 1 lb ground beef
2 eggs
Directions:
• Simmer uncovered for 45 minutes.
• In a very big pot add in oil and sauté
garlic, onion, celery, and green pepper
until onion is light brown.
• Slowly add the flour into the eggs
and gradually add milk until everything
is completely mixed.
• Once the vegetables are cooked,
add ground beef. Then cook until
brown.
• Cover the bottom of a frying pan with
butter and spoon in a small amount of
pancake mixture.
• Stir in kidney beans, tomatoes, salt,
and chili powder.
• Melt the butter in a small pot. Then
sift the flour, salt, and sugar into a
large mixing bowl.
• Mince garlic and chop onions, green
pepper, and celery.
• Dig a hole in the center of the flour
and break in the eggs.
• When the pancake bubbles, flip it
over and cook until it is brown
Serve with maple syrup.
48
Now write the ingredients and procedures appropriately for each recipe.
Chili con Carne
Ingredients:
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Procedures:
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Pancakes
Ingredients:___________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
____________________________
Procedures:_______________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
49
Fruit Vocabulary
1. Grapes 2. Pineapples 3. Bananas 4. Apples 5. Peaches 6. Pears 7. Apricots 8. Plums
9. Grapefruit 10. Oranges 11. Lemons 12. Limes 13. Tangerines 14. Avocadoes 15. Cantaloupes
16. Cherries 17. Strawberries 18. Raspberries 19. Blueberries 20. Papayas 21. Mangoes 22. Coconuts 23. Nuts
24. Watermelon 25. Dates 26. Prunes 27. Raisins 28. Not ripe 29. Ripe 30. Rotten
50
Vegetables
1. Lettuce
2. Cabbage
3. Carrots
4. Zucchini
5. Radishes
6. Beets
7. Sweet
peppers
8. Chili
peppers
9. Celery
10. Parsley
11. Spinach
12. Cucumbers
13. Squash
14. Turnips
15. Broccoli
16. Cauliflower
17. Scallions
18. Eggplants
19. Peas
20. Artichokes
21. Potatoes
22. Yams
23. Tomatoes
24. Asparagus
25. String beans
26. Mushrooms
27. Corn
28. Onions
29. Garlic
51
Meat and Poultry
Beef
1. Roast Beef
2. Steak
3. Stewing beef
4. Ground
5. Beef
Beef ribs
6. Veal
cutlets
7. Liver
8. tripe
Pork
9. Ham
10. Pork chops
11. Bacon
12. Sausage
Lamb
13. Lamb
Shanks
14. Leg of
lamb
15. Lamb
chops
52
Poultry
16. Chicken
17. Turkey
18. duck
19. breasts
20. wings
21. thighs
22. drumsticks
23. gizzards
24. raw
chicken
25. Cooked
chicken
Containers and Packaged Food
53
1. Bottle
2. Jar
3. Can
4. Carton
5. Container
6. Box
7. Bag
8. Package
9. Six-pack
10. Loaf
11. Roll
12. Tube
13. A bottle of
soda
14. a jar
15. a can of
soup
16. a carton of
eggs
17. a container
of cottage
cheese
18. a box of
cereal
19. a bag of
flour
20. a package
of cookies
21. a six pack
of soda
22. a loaf of
bread
23. a roll of
paper
towels
24. a tube of
toothpaste
54
Food and drink
2
1 1 11 12
10 10 11
13 5
5 12
2 4
3 3 7
6 7 8
9
9
8 4 6
55
Across
Down
1. Sweet food made by mixing flour, eggs, butter, sugar, etc.
2. Two slices of bread with food between them
3. A sweet brown food made from cacao seeds
4. An oval object with a hard shell
6. A green or purple berry made for
making wine
5. A red vegetable often eaten in
salads or cooked
8. A vegetable with a stem and cap
which grows rapidly
7. A plant with large green leaves
10. A long thin orange vegetable that grows under the ground
9. A white liquid
13. A type of a small cake that is
thin, hard and usually sweet
11. A large vegetable with green leaves and a white round centre that you cook and eat
12. A vegetable with many layers and brown skin which has strong smell and taste
Cooking Vocabulary
Match the words with the according picture.
Read the recipe and complete it instead of the pictures.
a b c
d e
f
g
g
h
i
j
Pour
Stir
Cut
Fry
Grill
Melt
Peel
Bake
Add
Boil
Chop j
56
Brownies
Ingredients
1+1/3 cup _____________________
1+½ cup _______________________
4 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
¾ cup (170 g) ______________________
3 fl oz (0.9 dl) boiling _________________
3 ____________________
4 oz (120 g) ___________________
5 oz (150 g) chopped walnuts or pecan nuts
Frosting
1/3 cup (75 g) ___________________
8 oz (220 g) sweet or semisweet _______________________
2 tablespoon light corn syrup
2 tablespoon hot espresso or very strong coffee
Recipe taken from:
http://www.cacaoweb.net/brownies.html
57
Method
Preheat _____________ to 350 deg F (Gas mark 4 or 180 deg C).
Line a 13 x 9 in (33 x 23 cm) cake tin with grease proof or other non-stick paper
and grease the tin. Put it in the ________________________
Put the ________________ in a saucepan.
In a bowl mix _________________ ____________, , cocoa powder,
baking powder and vanilla extract.
Add _________ melted and hot ________ and stir until smooth.
add _______________ and nuts.
______________ at 350 degrees F until a wooden pick inserted in
center comes out clean, approximately 20-30 minutes.
Cool the __________________ . Glace with the
______________________frosting.
For the frosting, add ___________ ,___________syrup and coffee
and heat in a double boiler until melted.
Mix until smooth and spread over the cake.
58
Label the pictures. Use the word bank.
___________________ ______________________
_________________ _______________________
______________________________
Now fill in the blanks based on the pictures above.
a. Burgers are grilled on a barbecue
b. Water is ______________ in a saucepan on the stove
c. Cookies are ____________________ in an oven
d. Chicken is ____________________ in a frying pan.
e. Hot dogs are ______________ over a fire.
Let’s Practice the Vocabulary
Unscramble these words, use the clues.
a. To mix with a spoon ( i t r s ) _____________
b. To combine two ingredients or to put them together ( d a d) ___________
c. To cook something in an oven ( k a b e ) _____________________
d. To heat liquid until it reaches 100 o C ( I b i o ) _____________________
e. To serve a liquid like coffee, tea or water ( u r p o ) ________________
Grilled roasted boiled baked fried
59
f. To chop, divide or slice something with a sharp instrument like a knife.
( t u c) __________________
g. To liquefy or dissolve by heating (e m t l ) __________________
h. To stir or whisk vigorously ( a e t b ) ______________________
Read the following recipe by writing the appropriate verb. Use the words on
the box to complete it.
Chocolate Cake
4 oz of sugar
4 oz of flour
4 oz of butter
1 bar of chocolate
2 eggs
½ tsp vanilla
_____________ the sugar and butter together in a mixing
bowl, then ___________ two eggs and __________ the whole
mixture. _____________ flour a little at a time. _________ a
chocolate bar in a pan over low heat and _________ to the
rest. ___________ this mixture into a greased cake pan, and
_________ for 40 minutes at 350o C
Then when it’s ready _____________ into pieces and offer it
to your friends and family!
Bon Appetite
Beat
Pour
Cut
Add (twice)
Mix (twice)
Melt
Bake
60
Food Adjectives
Bland Sweet Sour green
Cylindrical Indian Round Spicy Hot Cold Oval
Italian soft
Crumbly
Creamy Delicious Japanese Crunchy
oily Crispy
Cream white Hard Fluffy
Chinese Chewy
Disgusting purple
Put the adjectives above under the correct tables.
Taste Shape Colour Texture origin
sweet
round
green
chewy
Chinese
61
What does the apple taste like?
Use some adjectives to describe these foods.
Food Taste Color Shape Texture
62
Read the following excerpt.
Costa Rican Cuisine Dictionary
Arracache: a delicious root that is cooked in a picadillo, usually eaten with
corn tortillas in gallos.
Bocas: Complimentary food served with drinks as an appetizer or between
meals
Ceviche: Diced raw fish mixed with onion, garlic, cilantro and lime juice,
usually served as a snack with crackers, ketchup and mayonnaise.
Chifrijo: Tender Beans, avocado, toasted tortillas, tomato and fried pork, one
of the most popular bocas nowadays.
Empanadas: (Corn turnovers) Tortillas folded in two forming a shell and fried
in oil, filled with beans, mashed potatoes, pork, sausage, beef, cheese … or
sweet ones filled with pineapple jelly or others.
Frescos: Fresh fruit drinks made with sugar, fruit, water or milk. Some of the
most popular ones are tamarind, lemon, star fruit, and cas in water; or
blackberry, papaya and guanabana (sour sop) in milk.
Gallos: Corn tortilla with meat, beef, chicken, beans, white cheese, or picadillo
in it.
Rice and Beans: Gallo pinto cooked in coconut milk and served with chicken,
a typical dish from the Caribbean area.
Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence based on the previous
excerpt.
1. Bocas are ________
a. Desserts
b. Snacks
c. Side dishes
d. Main course
2. A difference between empanadas and gallos is that empanadas _______
a. Are fried, and gallos aren’t
b. Are made with corn, and gallos are not.
c. Are prepared with tortillas, and gallos aren’t
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d. May be filled with cheese and gallos may not.
3. The fact that both ____________ is a similarity between chifrijo and
ceviche.
a. Are made with fish
b. Must be eaten warm
c. Are served as appetizers
d. Have corn in their preparation.
Tamales:
Pati:
Hamburguers:
Hot Dogs:
What’s your favorite typical food?
__________________________________________________________
How often do you eat it?
__________________________________________________________
How do you prepare it?
__________________________________________________________
Can you say what’s in other meals?
64
Where do you usually eat it?
__________________________________________________________
How to prepare a delicious Ceviche
Ingredients:
1 lb (450 g) white fish
1 small onion
1 clove garlic
Chopped cilantro
¾ cup of lime juice
¼ teaspoon of salt
Mild pepper
Preparation
Dice fish. Mix onion, garlic and the chopped ingredients. Add the lime juice.
Mix all the ingredients and refrigerate at least two hours.
Serving
You may serve it with mayonnaise, ketchup and boiled green plantains.
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the
previous recipe.
1. Three of the ingredients in the ceviche are ________
a. Onion, garlic and ketchup
b. Green plantains, fish and chili
c. Chopped fish, lime juice and chopped cilantro
d. Lime juice, mayonnaise and chopped cilantro.
2. In this recipe the fish is ____________
a. Raw
b. Ripe
c. Fried
d. Boiled
3. Ceviche is a ___________ dish
a. Hot and salted
b. Cold and sweet
c. Salted and cold
d. Sweet and warm
65
Read this e-mail
Hi, Becky
I got your list of questions about Costa Rican typical food. I love cooking and my
mom is a great cook too! First of all, the main ingredients of our food are rice, corn,
beans, coriander, garlic, oregano, a version of Worcestershire sauce, fresh fruit,
meat and vegetables. Our food is usually mild. And every dish is tastier if you
prepare it in a wood burning-stove. We usually have breakfast, lunch, dinner and a
coffee break. For breakfast, we usually have coffee or sugar cane hot drink, bread,
butter, sour cream, cereal or scrambled eggs. The most common dishes are the
“gallo pinto” (literally it means spotted roaster! I’ll send you the recipe) and
“casado” (married man dish). The casado consists of white rice, black or red beans
served with pork, steak, fish or chicken, a portion of salad, some picadillo (chopped
vegetables, with or without meat) and / or fried ripe plantain. This dish is usually
eaten for lunch or dinner. Other traditional dishes are rice with chicken or with
shrimps (my favorite), tripe soup, olla de carne (beef soup), tortillas (like the burrito
tortillas you eat in the USA, but made of corn flour), tamales (cornmeal, stuffed
with pork or chicken, wrapped in bananas leaves and boiled).
Some traditional drinks are horchata (made with ground rice) and resbaladera
(made with rice and barley). In addition, we make juice of almost any fruit we have.
For example, I love blackberry, mango, and passion fruit juice. Among desserts,
the most common ones are rice pudding and fruit salad. For coffee break, people
usually have coffee and some pastry or bread with sour cream; I like yoghurt and
fresh fruit, though.
Hope this information will help with your assignment! Write soon and tell me about
American Food.
66
Now based on the e-mail read the sentences and write if they’re True or
False. Write (T) or (F) or NG if the information is not given.
Statement T/F/NG
Becky is a good cook
Carla’s mother can cook
Carla has pastry and coffee for coffee break
Casado has some kind of meat in it
The recipe of gallo pinto is described
Mondongo soup is made with beef
Picadillo is made with vegetables
Food is better if prepared in a wood stove
Imagine you invite a Canadian friend for lunch. Write a well-balanced, typical
Costa Rican menu.
67
Read the text and choose the best alternative that best completes each
sentence
Costa Rica Style with a “Chorreador de Café”
We are well acquainted with the traditional way of coffee brewing. Our coffee
machines are quite popular throughout the country, many of us are still using the
traditional “chorreador de cafe”. You will find those at the Central Market or just e-
mail us, we usually have on stock… ask for information at
The Costa Rican method is simple. All you need is a wooden stand with a round
hole at the top. There you place a cloth filter to hold the ground coffee (two
tablespoons of fine ground coffee per cup). Bring water to a boil and pour it down
the filter and into the coffeepot, which has been placed underneath the cloth filter.
It is critically important to bring water to a boil; otherwise coffee will lose its aroma
and flavor properties.
1. The use of “chorreador de café” is very ________ in Costa Rica?
a. Ancestral
b. Restricted
c. Uncommon
d. Inexpensive
2. The “chorreador de cafe” __________
a. Is made by [email protected]
b. Has a hole on the base
c. Is made of wood
d. Boils water
3. You need _____ to filter the coffee
a. A round hole
b. A fabric bag
c. Cold water
d. A coffeepot
68
4. Using very hot water, makes be _______
a. Acid
b. Flavorless
c. Bitter and insipid
d. Fragrant and savory
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
“Tico” food is neither spicy nor, in many respects unfamiliar. It is built around the
basis of rice, beans, corn, vegetables, meat, chicken or fish and usually served
with corn tortillas. Breakfast typically features a delicious mixture of rice and black
beans known as “gallo pinto” which may be accompanied by eggs, corn tortillas
and sour cream. Calorie counters may prefer a tropical fruit plate of papaya,
watermelon, pineapple, bananas and, in season, mango or cantaloupe. Casados,
popular at midday, are huge plates of white rice, beans, fried plantains, salad,
cheese, diced vegetables and your choice of meat, chicken or fish. Hearty soups
are a favorite for dinner. Commonly served desserts include caramel or coconut
flan, several type of pudding, and a cake called “tres leches”. The fresh fruit
drinks, are flavorful and healthy. Any kind of fruit, from strawberries to mango, is
mixed in a blender with crushed ice, either water or milk and a little honey or
sugar.
Adapted from Costa Rica Horizons
1. Costa Rican food is ____________
a. Commonly served with watermelon
b. Mainly based on rice and beans
c. Based on tropical fruits
d. Spicy and unfamiliar
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2. The favorite dish people enjoy at lunch is __________
a. A soup
b. A casado
c. Diced vegetables
d. Several types of pudding
3. A “tres leches” is _____________
a. a mixture of water, milk and honey
b. one of the favorites after meals
c. made of caramel and coconut
d. flavorful and healthy
4. Gallo Pinto is typically served at ________________
a. breakfast
b. lunch
c. dinner
d. any time
Creative Cooking By Christine Dietz – The Tico Times Staff
Flat Bread (Makes 2-3 flat loaves)
5 cups wheat flour
5 tbsp dry yeast
½ tsp. salt
1 1/3 cup warm water
1 tsp olive oil
1 tbsp water
1 egg yolk
1 tsp. honey
1 tbsp. linseed
2 tbsp. sesame seeds
Disolve Yeast in 1/3 cup of warm wáter. Place fluor and
salt in a bowl and form a well. Pour in yeast. Add rest of
water and knead with greased hands (use some olive oil)
until the dough becomes soft and non-sticky. Cover bowl
with a kitchen cloth and let stand in a warm place for 30
minutes until dough has doubled in size.
Form flats by stretching the dough with your hands,
leaving ends thick. Place on a greased baking tray. Press
your fingers slightly on the flat, forming rhombic patterns.
Mix water, yolk, honey and olive oil in a small cup and
spread on the flats. Sprinkle with linseeds and sesame
seeds. Preheat oven and bake under minimum heat for
15 minutes and under highest heat for 30 minutes until
flats become well browned
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1. To make flat bread, first you ________________
a. Dissolve flour and salt in warm water
b. Spread 1 egg yolk on tray
c. Melt 5 tbsp. yeast in water
d. Add 5 cups wheat flour
2. After pouring the yeast into a bowl with flour and salt, you _________
a. Add 1 tsp. olive oil
b. Grease the bowl with olive oil
c. Add more flour and salt and knead it
d. Annex more water and mix with oiled hands
3. To bake the bread, you need to ________________
a. Sprinkle the tray with linseeds and sesame seeds
b. Preheat the oven for 45 minutes
c. Spread honey in the tray
d. Heat the oven in advance
Read the information. Choose the appropriate alternative to answer each
question.
a. I’m going to prepare a special dish today
b. What is it? Paella, shrimps or what?
a. It’s a ham, potato and cheese soup
b. Soup? Let’s see what it includes to be a special dish?
a. You need 12 peeled and cubed large potatoes, two finely chopped onions,
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two pounds of processed cheese, one pound of cubed ham, ground black
pepper, 3 tablespoons of all purpose flour; one cup of milk and water.
b. And how do you prepare this special soup?
First, you place the potatoes, onions, and cubed ham in a large pot; a cover
them with water. Then, you cook the potatoes until they’re almost tender.
Remove about one cup of cooked potatoes and mash in a bowl with the back
of the fork. So, you add some of the liquid from the pot along with the flour and
cheese until you have a thick paste. Add this back to the pot. Finally, let the
soup boil and add pepper to taste.
1. How many ingredients does the person use to prepare the recipe?
a. Twenty
b. Eleven
c. Eight
d. Ten
2. What does the person advice to do first? To ____________________
a. Add pepper and cheese
b. Mix water and hot milk
c. Mash potatoes in a bowl
d. Cook the potatoes, onions and ham
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3. Which ingredients are used to thick the paste?
a. Water and rolls
b. Milk and black pepper
c. Cubed ham and onions
d. Flour, cheese and potatoes
4. What´s the last step on preparing the soup? To __________________
a. Cut onions into cubes
b. Add pepper when boiling
c. Remove the cooked potatoes
d. Place potatoes in a large pot.
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HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS IN COSTA RICA WITH SOME
CELEBRATIONS IN ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
Fourth Topic
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Objectives
Understanding ideas and information in the text through making inferences,
Identifying the purpose of short messages.
Criticizing.
Summarizing the gist of new items, messages and narratives.
Identifying details in familiar material.
Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion
devices
Adapting clearly, formal and informal writing styles at a simple level.
Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,
giving reasons
Current events and holiday celebrations:
What's your favorite celebration?
When is it celebrated?
How is it celebrated?
My family is used to going /eating, celebrating, etc. on____?
I prefer ____, etc.
Functions:
Reporting on current events and holidays celebrations.
Requesting and giving information on current events and celebrations.
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Holidays Vocabulary
1. New Year’s Day
2. Parade
3. Confetti
4. Valentine’s Day
5. Card
6. Heart
7. Independence Day
or 4th of July
8. Fireworks
9. Flag
10. Halloween
11. Jack-o’-lantern
12. Mask
13. Costume
14. Candy
15. Thanksgiving
16. Feast
17. Turkey
18. Christmas
19. Ornament
20. Christmas Tree
A. Plan a party
B. Invite Guess
C. Decorate the
house
D. Wrap a gift
E. Hide
F. Answer the door
G. Shout “Surprise!”
H. Light the candles
I. Sing “Happy
Birthday”
J. Make a wish
K. Blow out the
candles
L. Open the presents
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Holydays and Festivals
Think about these questions and answer them
What is the most important celebration in Costa Rica?
_______________________________________________________________
How do you celebrate it?
_______________________________________________________________
Which country would you like to go to participate in the carnivals?
________________________________________________________________
Barranquilla’s Carnival
This carnival is celebrated in Barranquilla,
Colombia. It is on the second weekend in
February. Colombians have four famous
events in the carnival: “The Battle of the
Flowers”, “The Great Parade”, “The
Orchestra Festival” and the “Vallenato
Festival”. They finish the carnival with the
death of “Joselito’s Carnival”
Rio de Janeiro’s Carnival
The anual carnaval in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil started around
1840, Brazilians celebrate this
famous carnaval at the beggining
of february. They offer prizes for
both costumes and music; the
competition results in a varied
and imaginative entries in both
categories. It is the most famous
carnival in the world.
April Fool’s Day
April Fool’s Day is celebrated in the USA
on April 1st, Americans play small tricks
on their best friends and relatives by
making them believe facts/things which
are not real or by putting them in
embarrassing situations that make them
feel ridiculous in front of others. One
common trick on this day is making an
appointment with somebody and then not
showing up. These are some other
practical jokes. Putting salt in the sugar
bowl for the next person to use it. College
students set their clocks an hour behind,
so their roommates show up at the wrong
class. Most April Fool Jokes are in good
fun and aren’t meant to offend anyone.
The Day of the Death
The Day of the Death is
celebrated in Mexico on
November 2nd. It is when
Mexican families spend at the
cemetery visiting the graves of
their relatives, cleaning up and
painting their headstones. They
always arrange flowers for the
dead and light candle lights.
They offer food to their dead and
then they have lunch together
there.
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Fill out the Chart based on the previous information
What is the name of the
celebration?
Where do they celebrate it?
When do they celebrate it?
How do they celebrate it?
Rio de Janeiro Brazil
On November 2nd
Barranquilla’s
Carnival
April Fool’s Day
Classify the following words or phrases in each group.
Wine dancing sending cards candy
Desserts chicken putting on a costume Halloween
Receiving gifts day of the Dead Thanksgiving New Year’s Eve
Christmas cake
Activities Food Celebration
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Jane is talking to her mom, Kate. She couldn’t be with her family on
Thanksgiving. Read their conversation
a. Hello,Mom
b. Hi, darling. Did you call me this morning?
a. Yes I did. But you weren’t at home. Mom, I’m really sorry that I couldn’t be
with you last Thursday for Thanksgiving.
b. What happened?
a. Well, I didn’t book my flight in advance from Washington to Tallahassee.
When I went to the airport all the tickets had been sold. What did you do on
Thanksgiving?
b. Dad, Mary and Sally were at home. We all prayed and had dinner together.
We ate turkey, cranberries, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie. It was a
wonderful evening.
a. Sounds great! I just stayed at the university dormitories with two friends of
mine. In the morning, there was a mass at the university chapel and I went
with them
b. I hope you come next year
a. I promise. I’ll see you in December, Mom.
b. Bye, sweetie.
Check “Jane” or “Kate” to specify who did each action
Jane Kate
She couldn’t fly to
Washington
She went to a mass
She prayed with her
family
She ate thanksgiving
dinner
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The Simple Past Tense
Uses
USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a
specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the
specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:
I saw a movie yesterday.
I didn't see a play yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?
She washed her car.
He didn't wash his car.
USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions
We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These
actions happened 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
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He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and
met the others at 10:00.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
USE 3 Duration in Past
The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A
duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years,
for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
I lived in Brazil for two years.
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.
USE 4 Habits in the Past
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It
can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking
about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never,
when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
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Examples:
I studied French when I was a child.
He played the violin.
He didn't play the piano.
Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
She worked at the movie theater after school.
They never went to school, they always skipped class.
USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which
are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar
to the expression "used to."
Examples:
She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
He didn't like tomatoes before.
Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
Here you can see examples of the past form and base form for irregular
verbs and regular verbs:
V1
base
V2
past
V3
past participle
regular
verb
work
explode
like
worked
exploded
liked
worked
exploded
liked
The past form for
all regular verbs
ends in -ed.
irregular
verb
go
see
went
saw
gone
seen
The past form for
irregular verbs is
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sing sang sung variable. You
need to learn it by
heart.
You do not need the past
participle form to make the
simple past tense. It is
shown here for
completeness only.
The structure for positive sentences in the simple past tense is:
subject + main verb
Past
The structure for negative sentences in the simple past tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb
Did Base
The structure for question sentences in the simple past tense is:
auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
Did Base
The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all persons (I did,
you did, he did etc). And the base form and past form do not change. Look
at these examples with the main verbs go and work:
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I went to school.
You worked very hard.
- She Did not go with me.
We Did not work yesterday.
? Did You go to London?
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Did They work at home?
Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was,
you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were); and we do not use an
auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a question, we
exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:
Subject main verb
+ I, he/she/it Was here.
You, we, they Were in London.
- I, he/she/it Was not there.
You, we, they Were not happy.
? Was I, he/she/it right?
Were you, we, they late?
Exercises
Change the verbs in the following sentence into past tense.
1. Yesterday, I go to the restaurant with a client.
____________________________________________________________
2. We drive around the parking lot for 20 minutes in order to find a parking
space.
___________________________________________________________
3. When we arrive at the restaurant, the place is full.
4. The waitress asks us if we have reservations.
5. I say, "No, my secretary forgets to make them."
____________________________________________________________
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6. The waitress tells us to come back in two hours.
____________________________________________________________
7. My client and I slowly walk back to the car.
____________________________________________________________
8. Then we see a small grocery store.
____________________________________________________________
9. We stop in the grocery store and buy some sandwiches.
____________________________________________________________
10. That is better than waiting for two hours.
____________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:
1. Last night, Samantha have pizza for supper.
2. My pet lizard was died last month.
3. Yesterday I spend two hours cleaning my living room.
4. This morning before coming to class, Jack eats two bowls of cereal.
5. What was happened to your leg?
85
Read the text carefully and answer the questions.
Well this happened when I was 12.
We had a school medical exam, which
we had to attend.
That day classes were off. It was just
the medical. Boys’ timings were from 9
to 12 and girls from 12 to 2:30.
When I reached the medical room to
get enlisted it was 10:30. Still I was
asked to wait, as only 3 counters were
working instead of 5. So I had to wait.
When my turn came, it was nearly
11:30 and an attendant who was a
young guy took me in. He took me to
the boys’ room and asked me to strip
off my uniform. He said it was
customary and it would be only for 3
minutes. As no one had seen me
naked that way before, I was feeling
shy.
The doctor checked me promptly but wanted to get a few x-rays of my appendix
done. I was asked to go to the x-ray room immediately so as to save time. I had
never imagined the x-ray room would be at the far end of the corridor. Luckily no
one was around. But when I finished my x-ray, it was already 12 and the gates
were thrown open for the girls to come in. They were chatting among themselves
when suddenly they saw me.
I was shocked and having nowhere to go, I ran back to the x-ray room, where
they had already shut the door saying "LUNCH TIME".
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Practically every girl who had turned up saw me naked. To make things worse my
clothes were all in the dressing room, which was now occupied with girls so I
couldn’t go there too. At last 2 matrons came and dragged me by my arms right
through the crowd. I still feel mortified by that incident.
Decide weather the following statements are true or false.
a) The boy had to wait for his turn. ___________________
b) A young attendant asked him to get undressed. ___________________
c) The doctor checked him and sent him home immediately. __________
d) The girls saw him naked. ___________________
e) The dressing room was occupied with boys. ___________________
Find evidence in the text to support the following statements:
a) That day there were no classes.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b) The boy was asked to take his clothes off.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c) The girls were talking to each other.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d) He was seen naked by every girl on the corridor
.____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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e) He still doesn’t like to think about the incident
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Give complete answers to the following questions:
a) How old was the boy when this incident happened?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b) Why weren’t there any classes that day?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c) Why did the boy feel embarrassed?
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Make questions to the following answers. Mind the underlined words
or phrases.
a) He was 12 years old when the incident happened.
___________________________________________________________?
b) This incident happened in March.
___________________________________________________________?
c) He met the doctor at 10:30.
___________________________________________________________?
d) The boy went home.
___________________________________________________________?
e) The Doctor told the boy to go away.
___________________________________________________________?
88
Rewrite the following sentences in the negative form:
a) This happened a long time ago.
____________________________________________________________
b) I was shy.
___________________________________________________________
c) Did you have my clothes?
____________________________________________________________
Complete the sentences with the Simple past of the given verbs.
a) The teacher ______________________ (take) him to the boy’s room.
b) The girls ___________________________ (see) him naked
c) He ________________________________ (ask) questions.
d) He ._____________________________ (finish) the medical exams.
e) He ______________________________ (go) home.
Fill in with the Past Simple of the given verbs:
1. Do
2. Go
3. Big
4. Put
5. Start
6.Begin
7.Tell
8.Buy
9.Think
10.Cry
11.Understand
12.Write
13.Read
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14.Smile
15.Eat
16.Speak
17.Drink
18.Bring
19.Like
20.Cook
21.Run
22.Hear
23.Cut
24.Walk
25.Catch
26.Wake up
27.Sleep
28.Play
29.Say
30.Fall
31.Study
32.Get
33.Feel
34.Miss
35.Work
36. Wash
37.Travel
38.Fly
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39.Feed
40.Watch
“A very Special Date”
What do you know about Saint Valentine’s Day?
_________________________________________________________________
How do you celebrate it?
_________________________________________________________________
What did you do last February 14th?
_________________________________________________________________
Match the word with its corresponding definition
Definition Word
1. A loved person, boyfriend,
girlfriend, wife, etc.
( ) gift
2. A present, something given ( ) to cut out
3. To give or to take one thing in
return for another one
( ) exchange
4. Decorative paper for the walls of
a room
( ) wallpaper
5. To cook in dry heat, in an oven ( ) sweetheart
6. To wait in a standing position ( ) to stand
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7. To remove something from
something else by cutting all
around it.
( ) to bake
Saint Valentine’s Day
It is a special day, celebrated on February 14th, mainly in the USA and Canada.
On this date, people send greetings, mainly in the USA and Canada. On this date
people send greeting cards called Valentines to their sweethearts, friends and
members of their families. Many valentines have romantic verses, and others have
humorous pictures and sayings like: “Be my Valentine!” On Valentine’s Day many
people give candy, flowers and different gifts to their friends.
How do people celebrate it?
In the United States and Canada, children exchange valentines with their friends.
In some schools, children have a classroom party and put all valentines into a box
decorated beforehand. At the end of the day, the teacher or one of the students
distributes the cards. Many children make their own valentines from red paper
wallpaper, and pictures cut out from magazines.
In Europe, they celebrate Valentine’s Day in many ways. British children sing
special Valentine’s Day songs and received gifts of candy, fruit or money, and in
some areas people bake cakes. In Italy, they hold a Valentine’s Day Feast. In
Great Britain and Italy, some unmarried women stand by their window, waiting for
a man to pass. They believe that the first man they see, will marry them in the
future.
In Latin America they do different things. In Colombia, for example, people give
and receive cards and presents and they play “Secret Friend” at School or at
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Work. To do it, people put their names in a bag and then they take out a different
name to give him/her a present. At the end of the game, they try to identify who
his/her secret friend was.
Scan the text and complete these statements
a. In the USA, people celebrate _____________________________________
b. On this date, they _____________________________________________
c. In Colombia, people ____________________________________________
d. In Europe, children ____________________________________________
Answer the following questions based on your own experience.
1. Do you celebrate Saint Valentine’s Day in your country?
____________________________________________________________
2. When is it?
____________________________________________________________
3. Does it have the same name? If not what is it called?
____________________________________________________________
4. Do you know how did your parents and grandparents celebrate it?
____________________________________________________________
Complete this postcard that Barbara wrote to a friend in Canada using
the words in the box.
Dear Sandy,
Last week we ____________ St.
Valentine’s Day at school. We _________ a
great party. I __________ a beautiful
________ to my friend Betty. I decorated it
with colorful paper. She liked it very much.
My classmates brought _____________
and our French teacher __________ a
delicious ________________. What about
you? What did you __________ on that
day?
Write soon.
Do celebrated
Had gift
Gave cake
Candy prepared
93
Write the words below in the appropriate group. You can repeat words.
Christmas
Guess the antonyms and fill in the crossword puzzle.
3 5.
2
1 D A R K
2
1 4
3 C
O
M 4
P
5 L
E
T
E
Cake turkey Christmas
Cards candy Halloween
Tricks costume birthday
Pumpkin pie gifts tree
Candle lights carols
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DOWN ACROSS
1. Incomplete 1. Light
2. Happiness 2. Sad
3. Untidy 3. Dirty
4. Old 4. Fast
5. Interesting 5. High
Before reading
Do you know how do people celebrate Christmas in other countries?
Write an example.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Reading
Scan the text to get specific information and fill in the chart.
Christmas Eve Native American
People
British People Latin American
People
Date of the
Celebration
Typical Food and
Customs
Christmas
Christmas a religious holiday reminds Christians the story of an angel who
95
appeared to shepherds announcing Jesus Christ’s (The Savior) birth in a manger
in Bethlehem.
In many places in Latin America manger scenes are set up. Families and people
get together and pray and sing Christmas carols around it. People also get
Christmas Trees on which they hang lights and ornaments.
This tradition began long ago. On December 21st, the
shortest day of the year people brought pines into their houses
to symbolize life and light. Today people put wrapped
presents under it.
In Latin America, people celebrate Christmas Even on
December 24th with a special dinner, fireworks and presents. In England and the
U.S.A, they celebrate it on December 25th.The sit by the Christmas Tree and
open presents that day. In England, there is a Christmas lunch with its traditional
turkey and Christmas pudding. In the States, there is a special dinner with turkey
or ham and desserts like pies.
In Europe, Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas or Sinter
Class (Santa Claus in the States) comes into houses and
leaves presents for the children. In England, there is a
custom of hanging Christmas stockings near the fireplace for
Santa to fill with candy and presents. Americans have this
custom, too.
Based on the reading complete these sentences
1. Christmas is a Christian celebration of _____________________________
2. People meet around manger scenes and sing _______________________
3. Christmas Trees are decorated with _______________________________
4. The traditional Christmas meal in the USA and England is _____________
5. Traditional symbols of life and light are _____________________________
96
Writing
Choose the holiday or celebration of the year you like the most.
Brainstorm for ideas in the diagram below, if necessary draw more lines.
Read the following information and choose the alternative that best answers
each question.
The annexation is not the only fiesta happening in the northern province of
Guanacaste. Right now, the town of Liberia is celebrating the golden anniversary
of the annual “ExpoLiberia” fair.
Now in its 50th the fair is sponsored by the Livestock Breeders Group of Liberia,
started on July 18 and will continue until the end of the month.
Featuring bullfights, horse shows and concert, the festival offers an opportunity for
horse breeders to show off and sell their stock. Rodeos, bullfights and horse
shows are the stars of Liberia Festival.
This year, Adolfo Rivas, secretary of the livestock breeders group, said that groups
of breeders from Nicaragua were also coming to show their horses.
HOLIDAY
What
(activities)
How
(Preparations)
Why
(Reasons)
Who (you
and who
else)
Where
(place)
When
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“We have a history of raising horses”, Rivas said. “Horses were here before
Spaniards arrived”
The festival will continue until Saturday, July 27. For more information, contact the
Livestock breeders Group of Liberia at 2666-2469
1. What’s the main idea of the text?
a. The annexation festival in Liberia
b. Cowboys celebrate fair’s 50th
c. Nicaraguan breeders show in ExpoLiberia
d. The bullfights and concerts in ExpoLiberia
2. Who supports the 50th ExpoLiberia Fair?
a. The Livestock Breeders Group of Liberia
b. The Nicaraguan Livestock Breeders
c. A group of Spaniards
d. Adolfo Rivas
3. How long does the ExpoLiberia fair last?
a. Eighteen days
b. About a month
c. Almost fifteen days
d. A month and a week
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4. What does Adolfo Rivas do? He _______________________
a. Is a Nicaraguan breeder
b. Raises horses in Spain
c. Is the secretary of livestock breeders group
d. Features bullfighta, horse shows and concerts.
Read the Information and choose the alternative that best answers each
question
1. What’s the purpose of Rosh Hashanah? To __________________
a. Follow a tradition rope
b. Give and receive forgiveness
c. Eat snacks of apples and honey
d. Celebrate the promise of a new year.
Days of Importance
Rash Hashanah is traditionally celebrated with snacks and apples and
honey, symbolizing the hope of a sweet new year. It is a day to give
and ask for forgiveness and promise to make changes.
The shofar, a ram’s horn blown like a trumpet, is sounded 100 times
as a call for repentance, and the Torah scrolls are removed twice
during the services
Tradition says that on Rosh Hashanah, God inscribes all names in the
book of life, and on Yom Kippur the book is sealed with God’s
judgments.
Yom Kippur, or the “Day of Atonement”, is observed 10 days after the
celebration of Rosh Hashanah. It is a somber way to atone for the sins
of the year by fasting, not working and praying and cleansing the spirit.
It is also a day to forgive each other and begin anew.
Yom Kippur services end with an extended blowing of the shofar and
proclaiming Next Year in Jerusalem.
Amanda Schoenberg- The Tico Times, September 19, 2003
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2. What’s one of the activities during Rosh Hashnah?
a. The trumpet is blown twice
b. People sounds the ram’s horn
c. People seals the Torah scrolls
d. The shofar is removed 100 times
3. How is Yom Kippur celebrated? People _________________
a. Fast and pray
b. Work only ten days
c. Promise to visit Jerusalem
d. Promise not to sin in the next year.
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Read the following text then answer the questions.
1. According to the reading, can we be sure Jesus was born on December
25th?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Christmas is a holiday held on December 25 to commemorate the birth of Jesus,
the central figure of Christianity. The date is not known to be the actual birth date of
Jesus, and may have initially been chosen to correspond with either the day exactly
nine months after some early Christians believed Jesus had been conceived, the
date of the winter solstice on the ancient Roman calendar, or one of various ancient
winter festivals. Christmas is central to the Christmas and holiday season, and in
Christianity marks the beginning of the larger season of Christmastide, which lasts
twelve days.
Although nominally a Christian holiday, Christmas is also widely celebrated by
many non-Christians, and some of its popular celebratory customs have pre-
Christian or secular themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday
include gift-giving, music, an exchange of greeting cards, church celebrations, a
special meal, and the display of various decorations; including Christmas trees,
lights, garlands, mistletoe, nativity scenes, and holly. In addition, Father Christmas
(known as Santa Claus in some areas, including North America, Australia and
Ireland) is a popular folklore figure in many countries, associated with the bringing
of gifts for children.
Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve
heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the
holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and
businesses. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily
over the past few centuries in many regions of the world.
Taken from www.wikipedia.com
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2. What are some possible causes people chose December 25th to point as
Jesus’ birth date?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. What are some modern popular celebrations people acquired about
Christmas trough the years?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. Why has Christmas become more an economical activity than a
religious and spiritual time?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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Read the following poster
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on the
poster above
1. ________________ are invited to take part in the activities
a. All people
b. People from schools and federations exclusively
c. Athletes, sports fan, visitors, and nobody else
d. Only members of associations that promote sports in Costa Rica
For AThletes, sports fans, visitors … Yes Everybody! Activities: Wall Climbing –Costa Rican traditional indigenous games – judo, taekwondo, karate, cheerleader and gymnastics exhibitions – rugby match – swimming. Big Event: National Beach Volleyball Championship Final New Attractions: Canopy tour from 8 a.m., to 5 p.m., under the supervision of Green Mountain guides and 35 minutes long –Kayak exhibition in the lake – Outdoor spinning lessons. Closing Activity: Concert with the group Corporation from 1 p.m. on Sponsored by the Costa Rican Sport and Recreation Institute with the support of different associations a and federations dedicating to promoting sports in Costa Rica, together with elementary schools and
high schools from all over the country
You’re invited to the National Sports Day on March 30th, 2007. In Metropolitan Park, La Sabana – Starting at 8 am
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2. National Sports Day activities last ______________
a. 8 hours
b. 9 hours
c. 35 minutes
d. We don’t know how long
3. ________________ is one of the sponsoring organizations
a. Green Mountain
b. Group Corporation
c. Metropolitan Park La Sabana
d. Instituto Costarricense del Deporte y la Recreación
Read the story
Thanksgiving
September 1620. One hundred and two men, women and children,
known as the Puritans, left the port in Plymouth in England. Their
goal was to reach the Promised Land: a place where they could build
a new community. The “Mayflower” was the name of the old ship that
took them through a stormy voyage. For two months they sailed until
they landed in America, in Cape Cod (now in the State of
Massachusetts) and settled near that place. They called their colony
Plymouth Plantation.
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At the very beginning things were really hard. Half of them died
during the first winter because they did not have the right equipment
or facilities to survive. However, the other half survived because of
the local American Indians helped them: the Indians taught them
how to grow corn pumpkins and beans, how to hunt deer and turkeys
and fish.
A year passed. The colonist (now called pilgrims) got their first
harvest. So thankful they were to the Indians and God for their
survival that they invited their native friends to a great feast.
This is the true story of the first
Thanksgiving Day.
Today people in all of the
United States celebrate this day
with a family gathering and a special meal. It is now a national
holiday in that country.
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on
the story above.
1. The Puritans sailed for ____________
a. England from America
b. Cape Cod to Plymouth
c. America from Massachusetts
d. Plymouth Plantation from Cape Cod
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2. The American Indians ____________
a. Gave colonist a hard time
b. Taught the colonist how to survive
c. Shared their food and shelter with the colonist
d. Waited a winter before they decided to help the colonists.
3. Half of the Pilgrims died ___________
a. During a stormy voyage
b. Two months after their arrival
c. Because of American Indians help
d. Because of the lack of appropriate equipment.
Read the text
August 2nd, a Costa Rican Holiday
There is no doubt August 2nd, our Lady of the Angel’s Day, is an important
holiday for Costa Ricans of different ages and lifestyles
For some people the pilgrimage to our virgen de los Angeles Basilica in
Cartago is really religious, they want to thank, to be healed, that a close
relation be healed, or something else. That is why they pay a visit to the
“negrita”, a black Madonna who is the patron saint of Costa Rica
For others, is just a pretext for a walk with a group of friends, relatives,
colleagues … or by oneself.
Days before August 2nd one can listen to students in their high schools or
to elderly people planning their “trip” and ideas for that day. And the day
after, these same people recall the pilgrimage, in spite of their aching feet.
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Pilgrimage: journey to visit a religious place to ache: to feel pain To heal: to become healthy again/ to recover your health
Now choose the correct option to complete each sentence based on
the text.
1. To ________________ may be a reason for going to Cartago on
August 2nd
a. Get better
b. Follow a tradition
c. Admire our Lady of the Angel’s Basilica
d. Connect young students with elderly people.
2. The celebration of our Lady of the Angels’ Day is a tradition for
_______ exclusively.
a. Elderly Costa Ricans
b. High School Students
c. Really religious people
d. People of different religions and ages
3. The pilgrimage is ____________
a. An easy pain free trip
b. A tiring soaring journey
c. A short relaxed time
d. A time to go for a walk to kill time
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Complete this chart about Festivals or Holidays in Costa Rica.
Holiday or Festival When is it? Traditions or things that happen
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FIFTH TOPIC
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF NATURAL RESOURCES
MISUSE
109
Objectives
Discussing alternative possibilities and their consequences.
Understanding a range of imaginative and factual material that includes some
complex sentences and unfamiliar language.
Understanding the communicative value (function) of sentences and utterances.
Redrafting writing tasks already given, with support guidance.
Expressing and justifying ideas, opinions or personal points of view
Natural resources:
We should ____.
A solution could be ____.
I think/believe that ____.
I agree/don't agree ____.
It's better to ____.
What about ____, etc.
____ may be correct ____.
I would ____. etc.
Functions:
Instructing others to do something.
Stating cause and effect.
Expressing opinions
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Most Common Environmental Problems
Trash Can
Water Pollution and Air
Pollution
Deforestation
Reforestation
Littering
Recycle
Ozone Layer
Can you name another?
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Complete the gaps with words about environmental threats mentioned
above.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
13 14 15
Match the words with the corresponding picture.
____ Floods
____Fire
____Volcano Eruption
____ Litter
____Hurricane
____ Earthquake
____ Smoke
____Sound Pollution
____Sewage
____ Global Warming
____ Deforestation
____ Air Pollution
____ Acid Rain
_____Droughts
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1. The Amazon rainforest has been facing the problem of _____________. Too
many trees have been cut down.
2. Many countries face great __________ because of the constant rain. Many people die
and others lose their belonging.
3. In Africa people face constant __________. It hardly rains there.
4. ____________ is the worldwide warming of the atmosphere.
5. People shouldn`t put their __________ everywhere. They should put it in the
rubbish bin.
6. When there is a ______________ many people have to leave their homes because
of the dust and the lava that is released.
7. _______________ causes the death of many fish and sea animals and plants.
8. In Australia many people died because of the great ________ fires that devastated
some places.
9. Many factories release __________ into the atmosphere through their chimneys.
Environment Crossword Puzzle
What is the missing word in each sentence below? Find the number of each word in the
puzzle. The FIRST letter of that word goes in the box with the corresponding number.
Don’t forget you need to print off this crossword puzzle to work on it.
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List of Words
Air animals away cars earth environment
everyone
Fish give glut hurts insects litter noise
Off people plants rags trees turn ugly
Waste water (2 times)
Across
1) “Every litter bit -----.”
3) Trash tossed away where it doesn’t
belong is called ------.
8) The ------------ is what every living thing
needs for life.
9) ---- are good to use for cleaning.
Save them.
13) -------- needs to help keep the
environment clean.
14) Each living thing must have ----- to
survive.
16) Dirty water from factories can kill ----
.
18) People, animals, and ------ live on
earth.
21 & 22) When you run the shower too
Down
2 & 11) When you leave a room, ----|---
(two words) the lights to save energy.
4) Paper is made from -----.
5) The air and water now on ----- have
always been here; no new supplies
come from space.
6) The environments of many wild -------
have been hurt by man.
7) Loud ----- bothers people and hurts
their ears.
10 & 19) Don’t throw away good, used
items you no longer need. ---- them ----
so others can use them.
12) Too many ------ have hurt the
environment.
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long, you -----|----- (two words).
23) When something like garbage or
dirty water is not nice to look at, it is ----.
24) Emissions from ---- can make the air
dirty
15) Living things need fresh --- in the
environment.
17) Many birds eat -------.
20. Save resources; don’t be a ----.
www.meskwaki.org/.../Natural%20Resources%20Environmental%20Crossword%20Puzzle.
Environmental Verbs: Take Action
Do you consider yourself an earth activist? Talking about environmental issues is
difficult to do in a foreign language. Learning the following verbs will help you
express your thoughts and concerns in English.
Word Meaning Example sentence
Ban disallow an action or thing in a specified area
The school banned water bottles because they are bad
for the environment.
Carpool when people take turns driving instead of taking two or more cars
to the same location
I carpool to work with two of my neighbours who also work
downtown.
clear cut or chop down
to remove trees from a forest It is important to plant new trees in nearby areas after
clear cutting.
Compost put certain types of waste (vegetable peels, newspapers, dry leaves) into a large container that will break down into reusable soil
Since we started composting we've reduced our garbage by
half.
Commute travel from home to work (either by public transit or driving)
Imagine how much pollution you cause in a lifetime by
commuting two hours a day?
Consume take into our bodies or homes Americans consume more than their share of the earth's
resources.
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Dónate give money or items to an organization or individual in need
When you donate money to this fund, the animals' habit is
protected.
Emit to give off or out Cars emit harmful pollutants into the atmosphere.
Fertilize treat plants and green spaces (lawns and fields) with special
chemicals that helps them to grow
If you are going to fertilize your lawn, make sure to use
an organic fertilizer.
Minimize make as little as possible We can minimize pollution by walking instead of driving to
work and school.
Pollute put dangerous substances into the ground and the air
Fumes from factories pollute our lakes and oceans.
preserve keep in its natural state We need stronger laws in order to preserve our forests.
Protect keep from harm It is important to protect your skin from the harmful UV rays
of the sun.
Protest voice concern about; fight against an issue or decision
The environmentalists will protest if the road builders don't make a bicycle lane.
Recycle to take materials from garbage and form it into something new that can
be used
Please recycle your junk mail instead of throwing it in the
garbage.
Reduce use less You can reduce your household waste by buying
products with less packaging.
Reuse use again We reuse the inner bags from the cereal boxes inside our
small garbage can.
throw away put in the garbage Don't throw away your grass clippings; leave them on your
lawn.
use up use until there is no more We are using up the earth's natural resources faster than
ever.
Waste throw away something that is still useful
Don't waste toilet paper; use one or two sheets instead of
three or four.
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Now let´s practice the vocabulary. Choose the correct option to complete the
sentence
1 Garbage incinerators _________harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. a. Minimize b. Donate c. Preserve d. Emit
2 You can __________plastic bags over and over until they get holes in them. a. Reuse b. resume c. reduce d. reproduce
3 Americans _______ many products that are sold with excess packaging. a. Chop down b. consume c. protect d. pollute
4 You can __________household waste by having a compost bin in the garden. a. Clear out b. preserve c. protect d. minimize
5 Instead of throwing away your clothes, _______them to a used clothing store or thrift shop.
a. Use up b. consume c. emit d. donate
6 They are__________in order to make room for the new theatre complex. a. Clear cutting b. protecting c. reducing d. using up
7 Though the city is growing, they are doing a good job of ________the countryside. a. Reusing b. preserving c. minimizing d. recycling
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8 We will _____________if the green initiatives do not get approved at the meeting. a. Protect b. prevent c. provide d. protest
9 ____________ your bottles and cans at the town depot. a. Recycle b. reduce c. throw away d. reuse
10 Exhaust from cars ____________ the atmosphere and causes global warming. a. Emits b. pollutes c. preserves d. conducts
Taken from:http://www.englishclub.com/environment/environmental-verbs-quiz.htm
Read the following passage
Nowadays, air is getting more and more polluted because of the industrialization
and noxious gases released from cars. You can hardly breathe clean or fresh air
in cities. People are getting dirtier and dirtier. They throw rubbish wherever they
can. They don’t even use tins or bags. We can also talk about the boats which
transport oil and sink in seas and oceans. They cause great damages in the
submarine world.
Everything polluting the air causes acid rains which damage the forests. If these
disappear, great changes in the climate will be caused because the trees are
chemically very active as they provide us with oxygen. So let us safeguard the
nature or it will be an environmental suicide for humanity and especially for the
ozone layer which is so important for the world. lf this layer is destroyed , people
will be threatened to be affected by any kind of skin diseases .
Say whether the following statements are true, false or not mentioned:
a- People use tins and bags to throw rubbish. _____
b- The ozone layer protects people from skin diseases. _____
c- Trees give us oxygen. ______
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d- Man is responsible for the climatic change. ______
Answer the following questions according to the text:
a- Why is air getting polluted?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b- Why is the sub-marine world damaged?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Match each word with its synonym:
Words Synonyms
1. Rubbish ( ) Menaced
2. Provide ( ) Give
3. Destroyed ( ) Damaged
4. Threatened ( ) Waste material
Match each word with its opposite
Words Opposites
1. More ( ) passive
2. Clean ( ) less
3. Active ( ) death
4. Life ( ) dirty
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Reorder the following words to get a coherent sentence:
ozone- from- damaged- which- the- layer- being – protects- radiation – us- ultra-
violet-
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
One-syllable adjectives.
Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding
–er for the comparative form and –est for the superlative.
One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Tall taller Tallest
Old older Oldest
Long longer Longest
Mary is taller than Max.
Mary is the tallest of all the students.
Max is older than John.
Of the three students, Max is the oldest.
My hair is longer than your hair.
Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard.
If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –r for the comparative form
and –st for the superlative form.
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One-Syllable Adjective with
Final –e Comparative Form Superlative Form
Large larger Largest
Wise wiser Wisest
Mary's car is larger than Max's car.
Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the block.
Max is wiser than his brother.
Max is the wisest person I know.
If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it,
double the consonant and add –er for the comparative form; and double the
consonant and add –est for the superlative form.
One-Syllable Adjective Ending with a
Single Consonant with a Single Vowel
before It
Comparative
Form
Superlative
Form
Big bigger Biggest
Thin thinner Thinnest
Fat fatter Fattest
My dog is bigger than your dog.
My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood.
Max is thinner than John.
Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest.
My mother is fatter than your mother.
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Mary is the fattest person I've ever seen.
Two-syllable adjectives.
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the
superlative with most.
Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Peaceful more peaceful most peaceful
Pleasant more pleasant most pleasant
Careful more careful most careful
Thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful
This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.
Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.
Max is more careful than Mike.
Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful.
Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.
Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met.
If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i and add –er for the
comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and add –est.
Two-Syllable Adjective Ending
with -y Comparative Form Superlative Form
Happy happier Happiest
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Two-Syllable Adjective Ending
with -y Comparative Form Superlative Form
Angry angrier Angriest
Busy busier Busiest
John is happier today than he was yesterday.
John is the happiest boy in the world.
Max is angrier than Mary.
Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest.
Mary is busier than Max.
Mary is the busiest person I've ever met.
Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er and –est to form the
comparative and superlative forms.
Two-Syllable Adjective Ending
with -er, -le, or –ow Comparative Form Superlative Form
Narrow narrower Narrowest
Gente gentler Gentlest
The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.
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Adjectives with three or more syllables.
For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more
and the superlative with most.
Adjective with Three or More
Syllables Comparative Form Superlative Form
Generous more generous most generous
Important more important most important
Intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
John is more generous than Jack.
John is the most generous of all the people I know.
Health is more important than money.
Of all the people I know, Max is the most important.
Women are more intelligent than men.
Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met.
Irregular adjectives.
Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Far Farther Farthest
Little Less Least
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Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Many More Most
Italian food is better than American food.
My dog is the best dog in the world.
My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking.
Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.
Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used
with -er and -est and with more and most.
Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
Clever cleverer Cleverest
Clever more clever most clever
Gente gentler Gentlest
Gente more gentle most gente
Friendly friendlier Friendliest
Friendly more friendly most friendly
Quiet quieter Quietest
Quiet more quiet most quiet
Simple simpler Simplest
Simple more simple most simple
Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
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Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.
Big dogs are more gentle than small dogs.
Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the most gentle.
Now let´s Practice
1. Mount Everest is__________than Cerro Aconcagua. (high)
2. I like music. To me, music is _______________(interesting) than
maths.
3. Cheetahs are__________than tigers or lions. (fast)
4. The Parana is a long river...The Amazon is longer. But the Nile is
the________in the world.
5. Mariah Carey is a bit _________ than Madonna. (young)
6. This Ferrari is the____________ expensive car in the world!
7. Which is the heaviest? Gold, silver or aluminum? "Gold is the________ of
the three"
8. The giraffe is______________than the elephant. (tall)
9. Laurel and Hardy were____________than the Simpson" (funny)
10. Albert Einstein was ___________than our former president..."Anyone was"
(intelligent)
11. Pluto is____________than Mars (cold)
12. Mercury is the____________planet to the Sun. (close)
13. The Atacama Desert is__________than the Amazonian region. (dry)
14. The Saharan desert is the ____________ one in the world. (big)
15. A horse lives longer than a dog...But a tortoise lives the___________
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16. Which is smaller, China, Argentina or Monaco? "Obviously Monaco is
the____________of the three"
Read the following text
The Earth
Our planet “The Earth” is the third planet from the sun. The
Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar system.
The Earth has 7 continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South
America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia is the (1)
largest continent. Australia is the (2) smallest.
There are about 195 countries in the world, but
no-one can agree on the exact number.
Russia is the (3) largest country. Vatican City is
the (4) smallest. Ukraine is the largest country in
Europe. Malta is the smallest country in Europe.
China has the largest population in the world with
1,335,960,000 people. The smallest population is found on the Pitcairn Islands
with only 50 people.
The (5) smallest city in the United Kingdom, is in Wales, it is called St David's and
the Cathedral Close. The second smallest city in the UK is the City Of London!
(not to be confused with Greater London). The City Of London is roughly 1 square
mile and is where London started.
Tokyo in Japan is the (6) most expensive city in the world to live. Johannesburg in
South Africa is the (7) cheapest city in the world to live.
Natural facts:
Mount Everest is the (8) highest mountain in the world and is 8,848 metres above
sea-level.
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Baikal is the (9) deepest lake in the world. Baikal is in Russia and is 1,637 metres
deep.
Man-made facts:
The Weihe Grand Bridge is the (10) longest bridge in the world. The Weihe Grand
Bridge is in China and is 79,732 metres long.
The Burj Khalifa is the (11) tallest building in the world. The Burj Khalifa is in Dubai
and is 828 m tall.
The Delaware Aqueduct in the USA is the (12) longest tunnel in the world and is
137 km long. An Aqueduct is something that carries water from one place to
another.
References from: www.wikipedia.com
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html
Superlatives exercise
Complete the sentences based on the previous reading and choose the most
suitable adjective from the box.
1. Asia is the largest continent in the world.
2. Australia is the _________ continent.
3. Russia is the _________ country in the world.
4. Vatican City is the _________ country in the world.
5. The _________ city in the United Kingdom is in Wales.
6. Tokyo is the _________ city in the world to live.
7. Johannesburg is the _________ city in the world to live.
8. Mount Everest is the _________ mountain in the world.
9. Baikal is the _________ lake in the world.
10. The Weihe Grand Bridge is the _________ bridge in the world.
11. The Burj Khalifa is the _________ building in the world.
12. The Delaware Aqueduct is the _________ tunnel in the world.
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Read the following letter. Fill in the blanks with words from the column on
the left.
Read the following text.
The 4 Rs
Treating garbage in landfills has become a problem worldwide. Here are some
possible solutions.
High Deep Long
Large Small Large
Tall Long Small
Small expensive Cheap
Wildlife
Tourist spot
Sewage
Pollution
Urban
Health
Scaring
Crocodiles
Environmental
Dear Readers of the Tiquicia News,
Last Weekend I visited Tarcoles for the second
time. My first time there was in 1985. I am outraged
by what I saw! Before, Tarcoles was a popular
_______________ due to surf and ___________
____________. However, the extreme __________
of the Tarcoles River is literally __________ tourists
away.
This river gets untreated _________ water from the
__________ areas of the country. This brings about
____________ risks for humans and deteriorates
the _____________ conditions for local species of
the area, such as the Tarcoles ________.
The tour of the river was the highlight of the trip to
Tarcoles. Now, this river has become the town´s
nightmare. Someone has got to do something!
A very Angry Tourists
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The 4 Rs
Reduce If we reduce the amount of garbage, there will be less
garbage to dump in landfills. Packaging is a serious
part of the problem. We should buy products that
have no packaging , donate old clothes and goods,
recharge batteries, share books and newspapers …
Reuse If we can’t reduce, we can reusee. This means
repairing damaged appliances, using empty
containers, any buying durable goods (as opposed to
disposable ones)
Recycle When a thing cannot be reused, we can recycle it –
that is, reprocess it as a new object. We should buy
recyclable products.
Recover Industries can recover energy from non-reusable
waste. An example is energy recovery from landfill
gas.
The international symbol for recycling is a mobius loop.
This band, with only one side and one edge, was
discovered in 1858 by the German mathematician
August Mobius. You can create a model by taking a
paper strip giving it a half twist and then gluing the ends of the strip together to
form a single strip.
How can we put into practice the 4 Rs? Let’s talk a little a bit about paper. To
reduce pollution and save innumerable trees, forest habitants and biodiversity, it is
vital to use less paper products. When we have to use them, we should try to
reuse them (for example, write on both sides of a sheet). And it is imperative to
use recycled paper.
Recycled paper can be manufactured from 100% pre-consumer waste (made out
of paper scraps that have never been used and are left over after the paper
130
manufacturing process), 100% post costumer waste (PCW) (made out of paper
that has been used by the consumer), and a mixture of the two. The higher the
PCW percentage, the better.
100% recycled, 85% PCW means that the paper is 100% recycled, with 15% pre-
consumer waste and 85% post- consumer waste. 50% recycled 30% PCW means
that the paper is 50% recycled, with 20% pre-consumer waste and 30% post-
consumer waste
Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences based on the
previous text.
1. The 4R’s concept refers to the problem of _____________________
a. Garbage
b. Reducing
c. Industries
d. Landfill gas
2. Repairing an appliance instead of buying a new one is an example of ____
a. Reusing
b. Recycling
c. Reducing
d. Recovering
3. August Mobius discovered ___________________
a. The half twist
b. The process of recycling
c. The concept of pre-consumer content
d. A band with only one side and one edge
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4. An example of ____________ is not buying things wrapped in plastic
a. Reusing
b. Recycling
c. Reducing
d. recovering
Adapted from P Z Guide Costa Rica.
1. Coral reefs are considered ______ ecosystems.
a. the least colorful
b. among the ugliest tropical
c. less complex than rain forest
d. among the most complex and vivid
2. Coral reefs host ______________.
a. a great variety of aquatic plants and animals
b. three different species of land creatures
c. many animals which live on land only
d. a few organisms
CORAL REEFS
Coral reefs are one of the most complex and colorful tropical ecosystems, rivaling
rain forests in their richness of life. Coral reefs organisms build massive and
intricate physical structures that are home to some of the most fascinating plants
and animals in the world.
Coral reefs are one of the most spectacular and fragile of underwater
environments, covering less than one percent of the ocean floor but supporting
an estimated twenty-five percent of all marine life.
Even though they are located in the tropics, coral reefs can benefit people and
the natural world far beyond their boundaries.
132
3. Coral reefs benefit ___________
a. the unnatural world
b. people, plants and animals
c. only life within their boundaries
d. sea creatures of the tropics exclusively
"Earth Song"
What about sunrise
What about rain
What about all the things
That you said we were to gain...
What about killing fields
Is there a time
What about all the things
That you said was yours and mine...
Did you ever stop to notice
All the blood we've shed before
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping
shores?
What have we done to the world
Look what we've done
What about all the peace
That you pledge your only son...
What about flowering fields
Is there a time
What about all the dreams
That you said was yours and mine...
Did you ever stop to notice
All the children dead from war
Did you ever stop to notice
The crying Earth the weeping shores
I used to dream
I used to glance beyond the stars
Now I don't know where we are
Although I know we've drifted far
Hey, what about yesterday
(What about us)
What about the seas
(What about us)
The heavens are falling down
(What about us)
I can't even breathe
(What about us)
What about apathy
(What about us)
I need you
(What about us)
What about nature's worth
(ooo, ooo)
It's our planet's womb
(What about us)
What about animals
(What about it)
133
We've turned kingdoms to dust
(What about us)
What about elephants
(What about us)
Have we lost their trust
(What about us)
What about crying whales
(What about us)
We're ravaging the seas
(What about us)
What about forest trails
(ooo, ooo)
Burnt despite our pleas
(What about us)
What about the holy land
(What about it)
Torn apart by creed
(What about us)
What about the common man
(What about us)
Can't we set him free
(What about us)
What about children dying
(What about us)
Can't you hear them cry
(What about us)
Where did we go wrong
(ooo, ooo)
Someone tell me why
(What about us)
What about babies
(What about it)
What about the days
(What about us)
What about all their joy
(What about us)
What about the man
(What about us)
What about the crying man
(What about us)
What about Abraham
(What was us)
What about death again
(ooo, ooo)
Do we give a damn
What environmental problems does the song describe?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What’s the song’s main idea?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
134
What do you think is the most important or biggest problem mentioned in the song?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What should each one of us do to help preserving wildlife and natural resources?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
135
TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OFFERED BY COSTA RICAN
COMMUNITIES
Sixth Topic
136
Objectives
Identifying the purpose of messages.
Noting key items or interpreting the gist in messages, dialogues and basic
personal information.
Responding to messages and dialogues in short simple sentences in a
range of context.
Understanding conceptual meaning.
Content
Tourist attractions:
Do you like ____?
Have you ever ____?
Have you gone/liked/enjoyed ____?
Why don't you ____?
Would you_______ ?
You should ____.
There is/are ____.
Let me show you ____.
The place offers you ____. etc.
137
Arenal Volcano National Park - Arenal Observatory Lodge Originally a private observatory established in 1987, this is the only lodge within the Arenal Volcano National Park boundaries. The lodge is found on a macadamia nut farm on the south side of the volcano. Many researchers from around the world have stayed here to study the active volcano. From the lodge there are excellent views of the volcano and Arenal Lake in the opposite direction. Many hikes can be taken from the area, including some to waterfalls, as well as old and recent lava flows. The lodge is a good choice for accommodation, and there are varying options. Hobbies & Activities category: Waterfall, cascades; Hiking opportunity; Towers, monuments, observation deck
What is your favorite place in Costa Rica to go on vacation?
Here’s a guide of some of the most popular and beautiful places tourist visit when they come to our beautiful Costa Rica
Samara Beach
This beach is gaining in popularity and has a reputation of being one of the most attractive and safest beaches in Costa Rica. The white-sand beach offers gentle waters, but has less shade and wildlife than other beaches in the area. Snorkelling, diving, kayaking and sportfishing are popular activities. Hobbies & Activities category: Beach; Scuba or snorkel opportunity; Fishing opportunity; Swimming & water activities; River rafting, canoeing, kayaking
Tortuguero The inland, Intercoastal Waterway offers access to the northern Caribbean coast. Generally, travelers embark from the port of Moín and continue to Tortuguero National Park and beyond. By 1974, canals had been connected to existing natural waterways thus linking the entire system. Today, it is no longer necessary to go offshore in order to travel north, a much safer alternative. Apart from being the most convenient way to travel in the region, riding the Intercoastal Waterway offers travelers another option for observing scenery and wildlife. Hobbies & Activities category: Boating, sailing, water craft activities; Dam, bridge, lock, waterway
138
Now based on the previous text answer the following questions
1. Why is Arenal Observatory Lodge look for people to stay when they
visit Arenal?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. What can you do in Arenal?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Write some reasons why Samara Beach is a great place for a vacation?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. What are some hobbies and activities you can enjoy in Samara Beach?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Why is it that riding the Intercoastal Waterway is a better option to get to
Tortuguero?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. What activities can you do in Tortuguero?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
139
Tourism Related Vocabulary
Accommodation Alojamiento
admission fee costo de la entrada
Brochure Folleto
camping site sitio para acampar
car rental (US) alquiler de autos
car hire (GB) alquiler de autos
car park (GB) estacionamiento
city centre (GB) centro de la ciudad
Cruise Crucero
double room habitación doble
double room with twin beds habitación doble con dos camas
downtown (US) centro de la ciudad
Flight Vuelo
Fortnight Quincena
Guesthouse casa de huéspedes, pensión
Guide Guía
hiking trail sendero de caminata
holidays (GB) vacaciones
Holidaymaker veraneante, turista
Hostel Hostal
Hotel Hotel
hotel chain cadena de hoteles
Inn Posada
motor-home casa rodante
one-way ticket (US) viaje de ida
package deal Paquete
parking lot (US) estacionamiento
Resort lugar de vacaciones
return ticket (GB) viaje de ida y vuelta
round ticket (US) viaje de ida y vuelta
Season Temporada
sightseeing tour visita con guía
single ticket (GB) viaje de ida
140
single room habitación simple
ski resort estación de esquí
sun lotion bronceador
Sunglasses gafas de sol
Sunblock filtro solar
Sunburn quemadura de sol
theme park parque de diversiones
time-sharing tiempo compartido
tour operator empresa de viajes
tourist office oficina de turismo
travel agency agencia de viajes
travel agent agente de viajes
vacation (US) vacaciones
waiting list lista de espera
youth hostel albergue juvenil
to book Reservar
to confirm Confirmar
to drive Conducir
to fly Volar
to go on holiday (GB), vacation (US)
irse de vacaciones
to go abroad irse al extranjero
to go camping ir de camping
to go climbing ir a escalar
to go hiking ir a dar una caminata
to go mountaineering hacer alpinismo
to go sightseeing visitar lugares de interés
to go skiing ir a esquiar
to go swimming ir a nadar
to go to the beach ir a la playa
to have a good time pasarlo bien
to have a bad time pasarlo mal
to make a reservation Reservar
to hold a reservation mantener una reserva
to plan Organizar
141
to rent a car alquilar un auto
to stay Permanecer
to sunbathe tomar sol
to take a holiday (GB), vacation (US)
tomarse vacaciones
to take a photograph tomar una fotografía
to travel Viajar
Present Perfect
FORM
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:
You have seen that movie many times.
Have you seen that movie many times?
You have not seen that movie many times.
Complete List of Present Perfect Forms
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified
time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the
Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year
ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that
day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific
expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so
far, already, yet, etc.
142
Examples:
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It
is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:
TOPIC 1 Experience
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying,
"I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have
never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe
a specific event.
Examples:
I have been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN
FRANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.
I have been to France three times.
YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.
143
I have never been to France.
THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING
TO FRANCE.
I think I have seen that movie before.
He has never traveled by train.
Joan has studied two foreign languages.
A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over
a period of time.
Examples:
You have grown since the last time I saw you.
The government has become more interested in arts education.
Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the
university since the Asian studies program was established.
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals
and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
Man has walked on the Moon.
Our son has learned how to read.
144
Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Scientists have split the atom.
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has
not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for
the action to happen.
Examples:
James has not finished his homework yet.
Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Bill has still not arrived.
The rain hasn't stopped.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which
have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the
process is not complete and more actions are possible.
Examples:
The army has attacked that city five times.
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
We have had many major problems while working on this project.
She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody
knows why she is sick.
Time Expressions with Present Perfect
When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at
some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action
happened is not important.
145
Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We
can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this
week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.
Examples:
Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
They have had three tests in the last week.
She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has
worked for three different companies so far.
My car has broken down three times this week.
NOTICE
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year"
means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires
simple past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not
considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.
Examples:
I went to Mexico last year.
I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE.
I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS
AGO AND NOW.
USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
We use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and
has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since
Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.
146
Examples:
I have had a cold for two weeks.
She has been in England for six months.
Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.
Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-
Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live,"
"work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they
are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as:
always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
You have only seen that movie one time.
Have you only seen that movie one time?
Present Perfect Forms
Positive Negative Question
I have traveled.
You have traveled.
We have traveled.
They have traveled.
He has traveled.
She has traveled.
It has traveled.
I have not traveled.
You have not traveled.
We have not traveled.
They have not traveled.
He has not traveled.
She has not traveled.
It has not traveled.
Have I traveled?
Have you traveled?
Have we traveled?
Have they traveled?
Has he traveled?
Has she traveled?
Has it traveled?
147
Simple Past / Present Perfect
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate
tenses.
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never)_____________ that movie.
2. Sam (arrive) _____________________in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I (know)________________each other for over
fifteen years. We still get together once a week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write)________________ten very
creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous
as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not)_____________________this much fun since I
(be)________________________a kid.
6. Things (change)_________________a great deal at Coltech, Inc.
When we first (start)___________________working here three
years ago, the company (have, only)_____________________six
employees. Since then, we (expand)______________________to
include more than 2000 full-time workers.
7. I (tell)____________________him to stay on the path while he was
hiking, but he (wander)_________________off into the forest and
(be)___________________bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss)_________________the bus this
morning. You (be)____________________late to work too many
times. You are fired!
148
9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he
(see, never)___________________the ocean. He should come
with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George (dream)_________________of going to California
before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see,
never)______________________the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become)________________much
easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it
(take)_______________two or three months to cross North
America by covered wagon. The trip (be)_______________very
rough and often dangerous. Things (change)_______________a
great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from
New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change)_____________since the
last time I (see)______________you. You
(grow)____________________at least a foot!
13. This tree (be)________________planted by the settlers who
(found)_________________our city over four hundred years ago.
14. This mountain (be, never)________________climbed by anyone.
Several mountaineers (try)__________________to reach the top,
but nobody (succeed, ever)_________________. The climb is
extremely difficult and many people
(die)____________________trying to reach the summit.
15. I (visit, never)______________Africa, but I
(travel)________________to South America several times. The last
time I (go)__________________to South America, I
(visit)_______________Brazil and Peru. I
(spend)_________________two weeks in the Amazon,
(hike)_______________for a week near Machu Picchu, and
(fly)_______________________over the Nazca Lines.
149
Check the places you should visit according to your likes and dislikes,
based on the previous ads.
La Fortuna Mt. Chirripo Gold Museum
You like
Hiking
Biodiversity
Aboriginal
history
Climbing
Eating at
good
restaurants
Biking
You dislike
Hiking
Walking in
nature
Indigenous
history
Climbing
Eating at
good
restaurants
Biking
150
Read the text and answer the questions.
THINGS TO SEE IN LONDON Hyde Park is London's largest and most
fashionable park. It was once a royal hunting forest.
There are a lot of restaurants and bars at each end of
the lake. You can swim or hire a boat on the Serpentine.
Downing Street
Number 10 Downing Street has been the home of the
British Prime Minister since 1735.
The Houses of Parliament
Its official name is the Palace of Westminster. Most of
the building was built in 1840 after fire in 1834
destroyed the old palace. At the north end of the
building by Westminster Bridge is the famous clock
tower, Big Ben. In fact Big Вen is really the name of
the bell in the tower not the clock.
The Tower of London is London's oldest
building. Since it was built by William the Conqueror in the
11th century, this castle has been a royal palace, a prison, a
place of execution, a zoo, the Royal Mint and an observatory.
Today it's a museum and houses the Crown Jewels. Gift
shop. Open Monday - Saturday 9.30 - 5.45, Sundays 2 - 5.45
The National History Museum is situated in Kensington.
It’s one of London's greatest museums. Here you can see a
huge collection of animals and plants, including a
quarter of a million butterflies, a blue whale and the
famous dinosaur skeletons. Cafeteria, gift shop and
book shop. Open daily 10 - 5.45
Madame Tussaud's, Marylebone Road
This famous waxworks has models of famous
people from pop stars to prime ministers. It has displays
151
of battles and Chamber of Horrors. Gift shop. Open every day 10 - 5.30,
except Christmas Day
The Royal Observatory, Greenwich is 10 miles outside London on a hill
above the River Thames. The Observatory contains telescopes and
displays about international meridian line runs through the
Observatory. It has video theatre and souvenir shop. You can have a
picnic in Greenwich Park and take a river boat to Greenwich from
Westminster Bridge. Open 10.30 a.m. - 5.30 p.m., closed 25-28 December.
1. What is the Serpentine?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. What is the Palace of Westminster?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. What is the Prime Minister's address?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. Where is the National History Museum?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. Where can you stand with one foot in the western hemisphere and one
foot in the eastern hemisphere?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. At how many places can you buy something to eat?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. At how many places can you buy souvenirs?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
152
8. Where can you see butterflies?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
9. Which building is nine hundred years old?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10. Which places open at half past ten in the morning?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
11. Find two places where you can see the Prime Minister?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
12. Which place is not open on Sunday mornings?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Read the postcard. Pay attention to the rules of writing the address.
Dear Mom and Dad!
I’m having a great time here in London. We
are staying at a nice hotel.
I have a lot of things to do. Yesterday we
visited the Tower of London and walked along
the streets.
Tomorrow we are going to Covent Garden
where I hope I’ll buy some presents for you.
On Saturday we are going to a barbecue party
near Wimbledon. I think it will be great!
Miss you,
Ann
Jane and Tom Green
55 Oak Lane
Manchester
MO 26 19YH
England
153
Now, write your own post card to a friend telling him what he can do here in Costa Rica
Read the information and choose the alternative that best answers each
question.
Research and tourism in Uvita Island
Located just off the port of Limon on the Costa Rican Caribbean, Uvita Island
will become a tourist attraction and a biological research station, through a
cooperation agreement between the Board for the Development of the Atlantic
Basin (JAPDEVA, in Spanish) and the local government of the canton of
Limón. A national heritage, the development will be strictly controlled
according to the authorities, in order to preserve its marine and land
resources. The small island boasts of lush vegetation, and it is surrounded by
coral reefs. Even though it has received different names since 1512, when
Christopher Columbus visited the area, its most popular one Uvita, that
translates roughly as “small grape”- is due to the fact that there grows a tree
that is unique to the Caribbean and whose fruit resembles grapes.
La Nación Digital
154
1. Why will the provincial expert control rigorously the biological reserve
a. To keep both marine and land resources
b. To create a new touristic attraction
c. Because it is an agreement
d. Because it is an island
2. What natural resources can a visitor find in Uvita?
a. Small islands
b. Surrounded islands
c. Different types of fruits
d. Exuberant vegetation and coral reefs
3. Where did the island take its name from?
a. Christopher Columbus gave the Island this name
b. It is a Caribbean name for grapes
c. It derivates from a particular tree
d. Visitors grew grape trees
4. Who joined efforts to make Uvita a tourist attraction?
a. JAPDEVA and the local government
b. La Nación and national authorities
c. The fruits vendors
d. The marines
155
Read the following texts and do the exercises that follow
Trip to the Rainforest
Visit Costa Rica’s classic rainforest
areas, starting on a jungle cruise
through the Caribbean coastal
waterways of Tortuguero known for
its protection of endangered sea
turtles. Feel the mist of refreshing
waterfalls of La Paz on route to the
steamy lowland rainforest of Arenal
Volcano, where you will have a
chance to soak in mineral rich hot
springs, heated by the active volcano.
Take a memorable walk in the clouds
at Monteverde cloud forest, preserve
and explore the forest canopy on an
exciting tour of Sky Walk, a series of
suspension bridges offereing birds-
eye view of the cloud forest habitat.
Explore the white sands beaches and
rainforest of Manuel Antonio National
Park, on Costa Rica’s Central Pacific
coast.
Taken from: www.ticotimes.net
Have an Unforgettable Adventure
This classic multi-sport itinerary
explores some of Costa Rica’s more
rugged terrain and is designed for
active travelers who are in good
shape. Hike and ride horseback
trough Rincón del la Vieja National
Park, known for its spectacular
scenery, picturesque waterfalls and
bubbling mud pots warmed by an
active volcano.
Descend to the rainforest of Costa
Rica’s northern zone and enjoy a day
of mountain biking in the rainforest
surrounding Lake Arenal. Take a
free day in Arenal to opt in to
adventure activities in the area.
Spend your last days on a high
adrenaline rafting trip on the
stunningly beautiful Pacuare River
(Level III-IV), flowing through a
rainforest canyon
Answer the following questions about the readings (“Trip to the Rainforest”
and “Have an Unforgettable Adventure”)
156
1. What are the classic rainforest areas?
2. Where can you do bird watching?
3. Where does the multi-sport itinerary begin?
4. What can you do in the last days of the multi-sport trip?
Fill out the following chart with the information from the readings (“Trip to the
Rainforest” and “Have an Unforgettable Adventure”)
Tourist Site Characteristics of the
Place
Activities you can
do there
Protected endangered
species
Take a bath in the hot
springs
La Paz
157
COMMON ILLNESSES AND NEW DISEASES AND EPIDEMICS
Seventh
Topic
158
Objectives
Drawing inferences.
Identifying the purpose of short messages
Formulating propositions and doubts and answering questions.
Understanding a range of imaginative and factual material that includes
some complex sentences and unfamiliar language.
Structuring ideas.
Linking sentences and paragraphs.
Content
Common illnesses, diseases, epidemics and prevention:
What's the matter?
How do you feel?
Have you seen a doctor?
Do you know about ___?
You need to take/drink/stay in bed etc.
What are the symptoms of ____?
What are some sexual diseases? Etc.
159
At the Doctor’s
Read, translate and label the right pictures!
160
1. to weigh
2. to stay in bed
3. to have a finger prick blood test
4. to put a bandage
5. to examine one's eye
6. to examine a patient with a tongue depressor
7. to give an injection to a patient
8. to have an arm in a sling
9. to use an inhaler
10. to have a rash
11. to examine a patient with a
stethoscope
12. to take (check)
temperature
13. to take an x-ray
14. to suffer from heat
exhaustion
15. to measure height
16. to have a dental checkup
17. to do (leg) exercises
18. to have a scar
19. to take blood pressure
20. to give first aid
161
Health, Illness and Injuries
The illness The symptoms The cause WRITE THE
NUMBERS IN THE
TABLE.
1 2
3 4
5 6
7
8
9
10
For these illnesses we can buy something in the chemist or the doctor may give us a prescription.
I’ve got a cold I’ve got a sore throat ……...., sneezing …………, a cough …………..
A virus
I’ve got flu The same symptoms as a cold and also
aching muscles and temperature ……………
A virus
I’ve got hay fever ………..
Sneezing, runny nose, sore eyes
Blowing my nose all the time ……
Allergic reactions to
pollen
I’ve got diarrhoea
I keep going to the toilet …………
Often food, or a virus
I feel sick I want to vomit ………………
Food, alcohol,
I’ve got a hangover ……
Headache, feeling sick,…
Too much alcohol.
I’ve got a constipation ….
I don’t go to the toilet everyday
Little exercise and water
A disease is used for serious condition caused by an infection and illness is a
more general word
162
Serious Illness Aches and Pains
Doctors believe that smoking is the major
cause of lung cancer.
Hepatitis is a liver disease.
Asthma has become more common.
Cholesterol is the main cause of heart
attacks.
We can have a headache, a stomach-
ache, toothache, backache or earache
BUT we have a pain in the other parts of
my body:
I feel really bad, I’ve got a pain in my leg
and a terrible headache.
My back aches or hurts and also I hurt my
back playing baseball.
And I had an injection yesterday and it was painful. I don’t
know why because but it is usually painless.
WOUND and INJURY are both used to
describe damage to the body, but wound is
generally caused by a weapon and it is
usually intentional.
He shot the man and now he has a serious
bullet wound in the chest.
He stabbed the boy and now he has a
serious knife wound in the back.
He got into a fight and got beaten up. He
had a black eye and two broken ribs.
An injury is damage to part of your body, usually caused by an accident at home, on the road or during a game (for instance during a football match). GIVE SOLUTIONS TO THESE INJURIES
THE PROBLEM
ORIGIN RESULT SOLUTION
I cut my finger
Using a knife
It’s bleeding
A …………………
I cut my leg badly
I fell over
It’s bleeding a lot
A …………………
I twisted my ankle
Running for the bus
I can’t walk easily
rest
I broke my arm
I fell off my bike
I can’t use it
………………. and a ……………
I’ve got a concussion
Playing football
I’m confused
rest
I burnt my hand
Cooking It’s very painful
Special cream
I’ve got a bruise on my arm
I hit it on the side of my desk
It’s swollen and black
……………………
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SO
LU
TIO
NS
SLING
BANDAGE
PLASTER
PLASTER
ICE
PACK
COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH THESE WORDS
Blood tests - ambulance - collided - stitches
- unconscious - cuts - knocked himself unconscious
John fell off a chair, hit his head on the floor, and
…………………………………………………... His wife called an
……………………… but John was still ……………………… when it arrived. He
was rushed to hospital where they kept him for two days for ………………...
I jumped for the ball and …………………………….. with another player. We
both had ……………………. on our head, but I had to go to hospital for eight
………………………………..
Now it’s your turn:
1. I hit my hand on the desk and it really
2. They say she died of a heart …………
3. He had some apples that weren’t ready to eat and now she’s got stomach- ………………………..
4. I’ve got this terrible ….......................in my neck.
5. He died of ……………… cancer even though she never smoked a cigarette in his life.
6. I went to the doctor and she gave me a …………………… for some tablets.
7. Pollution makes her ………………………….. worse and it’s difficult for her to breathe.
8. There are different forms of hepatitis; one is a more serious ………………………………… than the other.
9. I hurt ……………. …………………… when I fell off that chair.
10. My back ……………….. from sitting at the computer all day.
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Complete the following Chart
problem / symptom
part(s) of body cause(s) remedy / treatment
Sprain
Cut
Break
Sore
-ache
Infection
Arteries
Heart
Runny
Rash
Diarrhea
Obesity
nausea
Stiff
Indigestion
Common Ailments
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Common Treatments
Pills
Antibiotics
Medicine
cream / ointment
Band Aid
plaster cast
operation / surgery
Physiotherapy
acupuncture / other traditional
treatment
Ice
lifestyle changes
changes in diet
Bandage
Liposuction
Injection
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English-Spanish
ankle el tobillo
arm el brazo
armpit la axila
back la espalda
backbone el espinazo
beard la barba
belly el vientre
blood la sangre
body el cuerpo
bone el hueso
brain el cerebro
cheek la mejilla
chest el pecho
ear la oreja
elbow el codo
eye el ojo
eyebrow la ceja
eyelash la pestaña
face la cara
finger el dedo
fist el puño
foot el pie
forefinger el índice
forehead la frente
Spanish-English
la axila Armpit
la barba Beard
el bigote moustache
la boca Mouth
el brazo Arm
la cabeza Head
la cadera Hips
la cara Face
la ceja Eyebrow
el cerebro Brain
la cintura Waist
el codo Elbow
el corazón Heart
el cráneo Skull
el cuello Neck
el cuerpo Body
el dedillo little finger
el dedo Finger
el dedo anular ring finger
el dedo del pie Toe
el diente Tooth
la espalda Back
el espinazo backbone
el esqueleto Skeleton
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hair el pelo
hand la mano
head la cabeza
heart el corazón
heel el talón
hips la cadera
intestines el intestino
kidney el riñón
knee la rodilla
leg la pierna
lips los labios
little finger el dedillo
liver el hígado
lung el pulmón
moustache el bigote
mouth la boca
muscle el músculo
nail la uña
neck el cuello
nerve el nervio
nose la nariz
occiput la nuca
organ el órgano
palm la palma
ring finger el dedo anular
el estómago Stomach
la frente forehead
la garganta Throat
el hígado Liver
el hombro shoulder
el hueso Bone
el índice forefinger
el intestino intestines
los labios Lips
la lengua Tongue
la mano Hand
la mejilla Cheek
la muñeca Wrist
el músculo Muscle
el muslo Thigh
la nariz Nose
el nervio Nerve
la nuca Occiput
el ojo Eye
la oreja Ear
el órgano Organ
la palma Palm
el pecho Chest
el pelo Hair
la pestaña eyelash, lashes
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shoulder el hombro
skeleton el esqueleto
skin la piel
skull el cráneo
sole la planta
stomach el estómago
temple la sien
thigh el muslo
throat la garganta
thumb el pulgar
toe el dedo del pie
tongue la lengua
tooth el diente
waist la cintura
womb el útero
wrist la muñeca
el pie Foot
la piel Skin
la pierna Leg
la planta Sole
el pulgar Thumb
el pulmón Lung
el puño Fist
el riñón Kidney
la rodilla Knee
la sangre Blood
la sien Temple
el talón Heel
el tobillo Ankle
la uña Nail
el útero Womb
el vientre Belly
169
170
Ailments 1. bruise 9. toothache 2. backache 10. earache 3. fever 11. cough 4. high blood pressure 12. cold 5. burn 13. stomach ache 6. cut 14. sore throat 7. sprain (as in sprained ankle) 15. dizziness 8. rash 16. headache
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Giving Advice / Remedies You should... 1. Use a heating pad, get bed rest, and don’t lift heavy things.
2. Drink hot tea with lemon and don’t talk too much.
3. Drink a lot of liquids and stay in bed.
4. Lie down, put a pillow under your foot, and use an ice pack on your ankle.
5. Take two aspirin and lie down to rest.
6. Take cough syrup.
7. Take …
A letter from the hospital Read the letter and then answer the questions.
Tower Hamlets Hospital NHS Outpatient Department
Stepney Road London E2 6SF
Ms Hawa Ahmed 20 Cromwell House Canter Road London E1 4BX 30th June Dear Ms Ahmed, You have an appointment for a scan. Clinic: Antenatal (baby clinic) Doctor: Dr Riley Date: Tuesday 14th July Time: 10:30 am Please bring any medicines you are taking. If you cannot attend, please telephone the Outpatients Department on 020 6700 5211 to make another appointment. Yours sincerely,
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Mary Carr Clinic Administrator
1. What is the appointment for?
………………………………………………………………………………………
2 What date is the appointment?
………………………………………………………………………………………
3 What time?
………………………………………………………………………………………
4 What is the name of the doctor?
………………………………………………………………………………………
5 What must Hawa bring?
………………………………………………………………………………………
6 What must Hawa do if she can't go?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………… Read the following text then answer the questions
Human Body
Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your
chest, and it's about the size of your fist. There are lots of muscles all over
your body - in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind. But
this muscle is special because of what it does - the heart sends blood around
your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it
needs. It also carries away the waste that your body has to get rid of.
Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your
heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of
the heart does the exact opposite: it receives blood from the lungs and pumps
it out to the body. By the time you're grown up, your heart will be beating
(pumping) about 70 times a minute.
How does the heart beat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then it
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contracts to squirt the blood along. When something contracts, it squeezes
tighter - try squeezing your hand into a fist. That's sort of like what your heart
does so it can squirt out the blood. Your heart does this all day and all night,
all the time. Every day, an adult heart pumps 2,000 gallons (7,500 liters) of
recycled blood by filling and contracting. The heart is one tough worker!
1. Where is your heart located? _________________________________
_________________________________
2. Where else can you find
muscles in your body besides the
heart?
_________________________________
_________________________________
3. Why do we need a heart?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
4. Which organ(s) directly works
with the heart?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
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Read the following text
ANDREA
WHO USED TO BE ANOREXIC
I was a chubby child and I had a perfectly skinny twin sister. She
seemed to receive all my parents’ attention, because she was thin. I
felt ignored which developed my shyness. So, I thought that going
on a diet would increase my self-esteem and get people to notice
me.
I started to eat a bowl of cereals for breakfast so my parents would
think I was eating properly. I didn’t have lunch. After school I
always went to practise tennis on an empty stomach and exercised
as much as I could for two hours. At dinner, my family always ate together so I
had to eat a full meal, but then I rushed to the bathroom to induce vomit.
I lost weight and people gave me the nicest compliments. The compliments
felt so good, so I kept dieting.
But my parents and friends noticed my bad eating habits and they forced me
to eat and didn’t leave my side.
I denied my eating problem for a long time until last year. I received a terrific
support from my family and especially from my boyfriend, which I think helped
me a lot through my problem. I now try to have a balanced diet instead of
getting the fewest calories possible. I now feel more confident about my body
and have higher self-esteem.
Andrea
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A- Say if the following sentences are True or False. Correct the False
ones.
T
F
1. When Andrea was a child, she was fatter than her sister.
2. Andrea wasn’t a sociable child.
3. Andrea didn’t have breakfast while she was dieting.
4. She practised tennis because she wanted to be a good tennis player.
5. Andrea believed she didn’t have a problem for a long time.
B- Match the words taken from the text with their synonym or
explanation.
1. self-esteem
2. properly
3. eating problem
4. support
5. higher
a) correctly
b) eating disorder
c) help
d) the feeling of being satisfied with
e) better
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
COMPREHENSION
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C- Answer these questions with complete answers. Use your own words
as far as possible.
1. What was Andrea like when she was a child?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Why did Andrea start to diet?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. What did she do to lose weight?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Did Andrea achieve her goals? Account for your answer with a sentence
from the text.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. How did she recover from her problem?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Is Andrea a happier person now? Justify.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Doctors don’t always know what causes high blood
pressure which is also called hypertension, but we do know a few
things about this disease. For example, more men than women
have it, and it usually begins in middle or old aged persons. It
sometimes runs in families.
Many people have high blood pressure without knowing it, because
there are usually no clear symptoms. If you want to know whether
you have high blood pressure, ask your doctor to check it with a
blood pressure instrument.
If you have high blood pressure, what can you do about it? If you
are heavy, losing weight will help. Some patient’s blood pressure
goes down when they reduce eating over salted food. Other people
can improve by learning how to relax and by doing the right kind of
exercise. Fortunately, it is possible to control high blood pressure
today with proper medicine. If not controlled, high blood pressure
can lead to serious problems, like heart disease.
Answer the questions below based on the previous passage:
1- What is hypertension?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………….
2- Name four things a patient of high blood pressure should do?
a. ………………………………………………………..
b. ……………………….………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………..
d. ………………………………………………….…..
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B) Choose the correct completion:
a. It is not _____ for a person to discover he is suffering from
hypertension.
a. important. b. interested. c. clear.
b. ________ women than men suffer from high blood pressure.
a. More. b. As many as. c. Fewer.
3- Hypertension requires. the patient to eat food with less________
a. sugar. b. salt. c. fresh juice.
4- When you reduce something, you make it ________
a. better. b. more. c. less.
5- Heart disease can be caused by ____________ .
a. hypertension. b. relaxing . c. diet.
6- When you improve something, you make it ___________ .
a. worse. b. ugly. c. better.
7- When a patient sees a doctor, the doctor usually asks him about ____.
a. the symptoms. b. the treatment. c. his family
8- The pronoun “ they” on line 10 refers to ______
a. doctors. b. patients. c. medicines.
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C) Put ( true ) or ( false ):
1- Only old people suffer from hypertension. ( )
2- Hypertension is almost controlled with the proper medicine. ( )
3- It is hard for doctors to know the real cause of high blood
pressure ( )
4- It is not possible to control high blood pressure. ( )
D) Find the antonyms of the following words from the passage:
1- low X …………………………
2- less X …………………………
3- wrong X ………………………..
4- up X ………………………..
5- unfortunately X …………..……….......
6- with X ………………………...
7- young X …………………………..
8- impossible X …………………………..
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Read the following text
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (also called STDs,) are infections that can be
transferred from one person to another through sexual contact. According to
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are over 15 million
cases of sexually transmitted disease cases reported annually in the United
States. There are more than 25 diseases that are transmitted through sexual
activity. Other than HIV, the most common STDs in the United States are
chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus,
hepatitis B, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. Adolescents and young
adults are the age groups at the greatest risk for acquiring an STD.
Approximately 19 million new infections occur each year, almost half of them
among people ages 15 to 24.
Some STDs can have severe consequences, especially in women, if not
treated, which is why it is so important to go for STD testing. Some STDs can
lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause infertility, while others
may even be fatal. STDs can be prevented by refraining from sexual activity,
and to a certain extent, some contraceptive devices, such as condoms.
Herpes Virus: Herpes is another STD that presently has no cure. Or is there a
cure for Herpes? Today, treatment is available and there are a number of
things you can do yourself at home to help relieve your genital herpes, as well
as natural herpes treatment. Herpes symptoms include blisters or sores that
periodically break out on the genitals.
HIV/AIDS: One STD that many people are worried about getting is HIV. While
new ways of treating this infection can significantly prolong an infected
person's life, for far too many people this infection eventually progresses to
AIDS and, ultimately, death. More than 40 million people worldwide are
infected with the HIV virus; women account for 50% of those infected.
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Recently, studies have found a link between the use of hormonal birth control
and HIV. In the US, African Americans account for a disproportionate number
of HIV cases. Many people may not realize they are infected, as the HIV virus
is often asymptomatic for the first few years. HIV testing is the only sure way
to know if you are infected. However, you can take steps to help prevent the
infection. Find out about a new method that could prevent an HIV infection in
women using the cervical cap and microbicides.
Syphilis: Throughout history, cases of syphilis have been recorded. While this
STD has not always been effectively dealt with, nowadays, syphilis can easily
be treated and cured. However, as history has shown, without treatment,
syphilis symptoms can progress and affect the nervous system and brain
leading to dementia and even death.
Sometimes STD symptoms can be confused with mononucleosis.
Characterized by a fever, sore throat, and extreme weakness, mono is a viral
infection that needs to be treated right away. If you think you have the illness,
seek mono treatment as soon as possible. Also, yeast infection can cause
painful itching and burning, and can even be transmitted sexually
According to the reading answer the following questions
1. What is the meaning of sexually transmitted diseases?
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Why are sexual diseases spreading?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Which illnesses are caused by bacteria?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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4. Which illnesses are caused by a virus?
.............................................................................................................................
5. How is syphilis treated?
.............................................................................................................................
6. What does HIV cause in the body?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Which diseases are mortal for humans?
.............................................................................................................................
8. What are some possible consequences STD may have?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Complete the following chart with information from the reading. Include the
disease, some symptoms and treatment.
Disease Symptoms Treatment
183
EIGHTH TOPIC
OUR DEMOCRATIC TRADITION
184
Objectives
Understanding relations within the sentence (structure, syntax, morphological,
modification of structure and negation) characteristic of spoken language.
Identifying text types.
Discussing alternative possibilities and their consequences.
Criticizing.
Identifying details in familiar material.
Understanding relations between the parts of a text through lexical cohesion devices.
Content
Costa Rican Democracy :
What do you understand by ____ (democracy, freedom, sovereignty, etc.)?
What do you think about ____ (democracy, politics, the right to vote/ speak, etc.?
It's the government for the people, by the people and of the people.
Parties, voters, ballot, ballot process, citizenship, ruler, laws, etc.
Qualities of democracy/equality,
185
Read the following text
Our Democracy
Costa Rican national pride has its roots in the historical origins of its
democracy; our people have always believed in reform rather than revolution
and repression.
A foundation stone of Costa Rican democracy is the 1949 Constitution in
which this country is declared a Democratic Republic. This body of laws can
be considered one of our strongest democratic bases. It guarantees citizens
as well as foreigners basic rights: the right to own property, the right to
petition and assembly, the right to habeas corpus and the freedom of speech.
Another pillar of our democratic system is the governmental division of
powers, which are independent from one another. The government is
separated into an executive, a legislative and a judicial branch. The executive
branch includes a President, two vice presidents and seventeen members of
the Council of Government. The Legislative Assembly includes judges that
have been appointed by the Legislative Assembly to serve for a minimum of
eight years. Last but not least, there is a Special Electoral Tribunal with three
judges that oversee the sacred right to vote and to hold elections
Our democracy is not a stroke of luck, it has been woven throughout all these
years and it is the consolidation of our ancestors’ dreams and hopes.
Adapted from: http://www.infocostarica.com/general/democracy.html
Choose the best option that best completes each statement.
186
1. Costa Rica’s national pride is its __________________
a. Constitution
b. Government
c. President
d. Democracy
2. The Constitution guarantees some basic rights to ___________
a. Costa Ricans and citizens
b. Its citizens
c. Costa Ricans and foreigners
d. Its foreigners
3. One basic right that Costa Ricans have is ______________
a. The government
b. Freedom of speech
c. The executive power
d. Democratic system
4. The government is divided into ------------------------
a. Eight years
b. Two branches
c. Three branches
d. Seventeen members
Based on the previous reading, look for the words below the match the
concept in column A to its definition in column B.
187
Column A
1. Freedom of Speech
2. Reliance
3. Law
4. Judge
5. Foreigners
6. Citizens
Column B
( ) a rule that tells the way
society should behave
( ) people who live in a particular
country
( ) people who come from
another country
( ) confidence in something or
someone
( ) the right to express your
opinions publicly
( ) a person who decides who is
guilty and who is innocent.
Politics Vocabulary
Act Ley
Ballot Voto
Bill proyecto de ley
Budget Presupuesto
Cabinet Gabinete
civil servant empleado public
Campaign Campaña
Capitalist Capitalista
Candidate Candidato
Centrist del centro
Coalition Coalición
colonialist colonialista
communist comunista
Congress Congreso
congressman congresista
democracy democracia
democratic democrático
dictator dictador
election elección
electoral roll/register padrón electoral
electorate electorado
188
fascist fascista
government gobierno
to govern gobernar
imperialist imperialista
King Rey
left-wing de izquierda
Member of Parliament
parlamentarista
Minister ministro
Ministry ministerio
monarchy monarquía
nationalist nacionalista
opposition oposición
Parliament Parlamento
Party partido
policy política, plan de acción
political político (adjetivo)
politician político (sustantivo)
politics política
Poll encuesta
president presidente
Prime Minister Primer Ministro
Prince Príncipe
Princess Princesa
Queen Reina
referendum referendum
republic república
right-wing de derecha
Secretary secretario
Secretary secretaría
socialist socialista
too close to call muy ajustado para dar un ganador
totalitarian totalitario
to elect elegir
to vote votar
to call an election llamar a elecciones
to vote votar
to run for president ser candidato a presidente
Voter votante
Democratic Party US partido demócrata
Republican Party US partido republicano
Conservative Party partido conservador
Labour Party (GB) partido laborista
democrat (US) demócrata
republican (US) Republicano
Tory (GB) miembro del partido conservador
189
Topic: Politics, elections, voting (common terms and expressions)
Choose the best response:
1. A close race = A ___________
a. tight
b. close-knit
2. Many senators support his ___________ ( = attempt) to become president.
a. Bid
b. bead
3. Her campaign is gaining ________ = Her campaign is becoming more and
more effective/successful
a. quickness
b. momentum
4. The probable nominee = The ________ nominee
a. likely
b. likeable
5. That victory established him as the clear front-________.
a. Runner
b. place
6. Voter ________ was very high = A lot of people voted
a. appearance
b. turnout
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7. The senator said that he would ________ ( = support) the other candidate.
a . Back
b. back-out
8. The presidential election will be ________ on November 1st.
a. Located
b. held
9. The other candidate for mayor claimed that he was ________ to improving
recycling in the city.
a. Bound
b. committed
10. She was able to ________ a lot of money for her campaign.
a. Raise
b. rise
Read the following text
Laura Chinchilla won Costa Rica's presidential election
Sunday with 47 percent of the vote, becoming the first
woman to lead the Central American nation. Inside
Costa Rica reports that her two male opponents
conceded before even half the votes had been
counted.
Chinchilla, 50, is a career politician who has held numerous positions in the
Costa Rican government and served on the cabinet of outgoing President
Oscar Arias. She was previously a public safety minister, a congressional
deputy, vice president of the cabinet, and a justice minister. She supports
191
liberalizing the nation's economic policies and its state-run electricity and
telecommunications industries.
According to Reuters, Chinchilla is a social conservative who opposes gay
marriage and has pledged to keep the Roman Catholic Church as the
country's state religion. Throughout the campaign she wore a rosary for good
luck and was often showered with them by supporters on the trail
Answer these questions based on the reading
When has Chinchilla worked in politics before?
______________________________________________________________
What are some things Chinchilla’s government support?
______________________________________________________________
What controversial issues do Chinchilla have to deal with being a
conservative?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What did she wear during her campaign as a sign of good luck?
______________________________________________________________
Read the information and choose the alternative that best completes each
sentence.
Today Costa Rica is governed by the Constitution of November 7th, 1949.
While this Constitution made many advances over previous ones, perhaps its
most outstanding provision, and the one that is even beginning to be
emulated by other countries, is that which prohibits the existence of a
standing army.
192
The Constitution provides for a President, exercising Executive power. He or
she is elected by popular vote for a period of four years. There are two Vice-
Presidents and a Board of Ministers, but no Prime Minister.
The Congress is a single chambered legislature whose members are elected
form candidates chosen by the different political parties, by popular vote.
There are 57 congressmen elected to four years terms.
The most important judicial body in the nation is the Supreme Court. Its 47
members are selected by the legislature for a minimum of 8 years. Other
court of great importance is the Electoral Tribune, which ensures the fairness
of elections.
Adapted from Join Us Magazine
1. The current Costa Rica constitution _____________
a. Promotes an army in other countries
b. Prohibits wars in the country
c. Is better that previous ones
d. Became worst than others
2. People vote to choose the _______
a. Executive powers
b. Political parties
c. Prime Minister
d. Ministers
3. The text states that ____________
a. the congress is a non political chamber
b. the political parties choose the congressmen
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c. citizens choose candidates to the congress
d. the legislative chamber is elected by the people
4. The Costa Rican congress _____________
a. Selects the members of the Supreme Court
b. Ensures the fairness of elections
c. Belongs to the judicial body
d. Is made up of 17 members.
Read the following text
Americans may have forgotten what democracy looks like.
Our current president was chosen in 2000 not
by the voters -- Al Gore won the popular vote
by a comfortable margin of more than
500,000 ballots -- but by a Supreme-Court
dictated Electoral College vote. Another
Electoral College "win" came in 2004, when
George Bush secured a second term on the
"strength" of Ohio results that, while more
favorable to the Republicans than the 2000
numbers from the battleground state of Florida, were so dubious in their
generation and so uncertain in their accuracy that the congressional
certification was challenged by Ohio representatives and the ranking member
of the House Judiciary Committee. Our Congress, which was elected in 2006
to end the war in Iraq, has rejected the will of the people and handed the
Bush-Cheney administration more money than it requested to maintain the
occupation of a sovereign land where the people would prefer to guide their
own affairs. And even as the vast majority of Americans -- including six in ten
Republicans -- oppose trade policies that offshore jobs, devastate
communities in the U.S. and abroad and batter the environment, an
John Nichols
Breaking news and analysis on
political, social, economic and
cultural activism that
mainstream media commonly
ignore.
194
unconscionable president and an unresponsive Congress pursue new
agreements designed to empower corporations rather than citizens.
If Americans want to find evidence of democracy, they might look south to the
Latin American republic of Costa Rica -- where voters will decide Sunday on
whether they want their country to sign onto the Central American Free Trade
Agreement that is currently being promoted by the White House, The Wall
Street Journal and the multinational corporations that are the generous the
patrons of both those institutions.
Imagine that: In Costa Rica, the people are being invited to participate in the
debate over their economic future.
Democracy has never had many friends among the elites. But Sanders is right
to celebrate the fact that, as he notes, "On Oct. 7, Costa Rica will become the
first country where citizens have the opportunity to vote for or against a trade
agreement. Despite being heavily outspent by the moneyed interests, despite
opposition from the Costa Rican government and the U.S. ambassador,
despite an extremely hostile media, the latest polls have the election as a toss-
up. Incredibly, just the other day, in a nation of only four million people, well
over 100,000 marched in opposition to the treaty -- a sign of the deep
grassroots opposition there to CAFTA."
Make no mistake, Sanders is being attacked for expressing deeply-rooted
American values. Instead of threatening Costa Rica, our leaders should renew
those values by borrowing a page from our good neighbor to the south. If
Costa Rica can democratize the trade debate, why not the U.S.?
Answer these questions
Is the author criticizing Costa Rica’s government or the USA’s government?
How can you tell?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
195
What event has put Costa Rica in the map as a real democratic country
according to the article?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What are some issues the American Congress haven’t paid attention despite
citizen’s pleas?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What are some values the author encourages USA government to look in
Costa Rica?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Write your opinion about what real democracy is? How should the government
be? What citizen rights would you implement and what would you eliminate?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
196
CAREERS, JOBS AND LIFESTYLES
Ninth Topic
197
Objectives
Understanding ideas and information in the text through making inferences
Understanding a range of imaginative and factual material that includes
some complex sentences and unfamiliar language.
Understanding the communicative value (function) of sentences and
utterances.
Expressing and justifying ideas, opinions or personal points of view and
seeking the views of others.
Expressing a range of responses and attitudes to events, issues or opinions,
giving reasons.
Content
Careers, jobs, lifestyles:
Which professions are ____?
What professions do you ____?
What do you know/think of ____?
Are there as many ____ as ____?
Which are the benefits of ____?
I'd like (to) ____ because ____.
How much does a ____ earn/cost at ____?
What does he/she do?
Where can you major in ___?
____ is better than ____.
198
199
200
What do they do?
A police officer
201
Where do they work?
Now write a small paragraph describing what these people do and their functions and where do they work?
202
Match the jobs on the left to their definitions on the right.
_____ Journalist
_____ Teacher
_____ police officer
_____ accountant
_____ Business person
_____ doctor
_____ nurse
_____ pilot
_____ taxi driver
_____ bus driver
_____ manager
_____ chef
_____ actor
_____ actress
_____ firefighter
_____ lawyer
_____ secretary
1) Person who drives a bus.
2) He/she works in a school and
teaches students.
3) Rescues people from burning
buildings and helps put out fires.
4) Works in hospital and helps doctors.
5) Defends people's rights in court.
6) Flies an airplane.
7) takes people's orders in a restaurant and serves them food.
8) Works in a police station and
maintains public security.
9) Works in a bank and keeps records
of money.
10) Works in a hospital and treats
patients.
11) Answers phone calls and does
office work for his/her boss.
12) Drives a taxi.
13) Person who reports news on TV,
radio or Newspaper.
14) Does the cooking in a restaurant or
hotel.
15) A woman who plays a role in a
movie.
16) Manages the affairs of a company
or business.
17) One who does business.
18) A man who acts in a movie.
203
CAN YOU FIND THESE OCCUPATIONS ON THE CROSSWORD PUZZLE?
W R R E H C A E T V E T
P E W A I T E R I I Z R
P T U N U V A C S N E C
L H C V R C G O G V L A
U G W O T U L W I D A R
M I Z O W D O R G O W P
B F R T I B D H F C Y E
E E C E F O F M T E N
R R R H S C E Y D O R T
S I N U M R H Z L R D E
B F B R E E N I G N E R
R E M R A F B A R B E R
204
A police motorcycle cop stops a driver for running
a red light. The guy is a real jerk and comes
running back to the officer demanding to know
why he is being harassed by the Gestapo! So the
officer calmly tells him of the red light violation.
The motorist instantly goes on a tirade,
questioning the officer's ancestry, sexual
orientation, etc., in rather explicit terms.
The tirade goes on without the officer saying
anything.
When he gets done with writing the ticket he puts
an "AH" in the lower right corner of the narrative
portion of the ticket. He then hands it to the
'violator' for his signature. The guy signs the ticket
angrily, and when presented with his copy points
to the "AH" and demands to know what it stands
for.
The officer says, "That's so when we go to court,
I'll remember that you're an asshole!"
Two months later they're in court. The 'violator'
has such a bad driving record he is about to lose
his license and has hired a lawyer to represent
him. On the stand the officer testifies to seeing the
man run the red light. Under cross examination the
defense attorney asks; "Officer is this a reasonable
facsimile of the ticket you issued my client?"
1. Read the story carefully paying attention to the verbs, Tenses, articles and prepositions.
2. Circle 5 verbs in the Past Tense. 3. Underline 5 verbs in the Present Simple. 4. Using a RED pencil mark at least 5
prepositions 5. Using a BLUE pencil mark at least 5
articles. 6. Using a GREEN pencil mark at least 5
verbs in the Present continuous. 7. Translate the text and find 5 Cognates
or transparent words. 8. Write a short paragraph about what you
understood about the main idea of the text.
9. Find more information about this JOB, its characteristics, graduation, salary, uniform
Officer responds, "Yes, sir, that is the
defendant's copy, his signature and mine, same
number at the top."
Lawyer: "Officer, is there any particular marking
or notation on this ticket you don't normally
make?"
"Yes, sir, in the lower right corner of the narrative
there is an "AH," underlined."
"What does the "AH" stand for, officer?"
"Aggressive and hostile, Sir."
"Aggressive and hostile?"
"Yes, Sir?
"Officer, are you sure it doesn't stand for
Asshole?"
"Well, sir, you know your client better than I do!"
205
Jobs Who am I?
1. I fly aeroplanes.
I travel quickly.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ .
2. I look after your teeth.
I really won't hurt you.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
3. I work in the fields with animals.
I drive a tractor.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ .
4. I have a job on a boat.
I use nets and rods.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
5. I sometimes work in a hospital.
I help people who are ill.
I am a _ _ _ _ _.
6. I work under the ground.
I dig for coal.
I am a _ _ _ _ _.
7. I get up very early in the morning.
I make bread and cakes
I am a _ _ _ _ _.
8. I bring you letters and parcels.
I visit many houses.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
9. I am very brave.
I put out fires
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
10. I sell meat and sausages.
I am a _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
BAKER - PILOT - POSTMAN - NURSE - DENTIST - FIREMAN - BUTCHER - FARMER –
MINER - FISHERMAN
206
Read the following passage
UK’s Happiest Jobs
When it comes to happiness at work, hairdressers are a cut above the rest -
according to this year's City & Guilds' 'Happiness Index.' On the other hand,
secretaries/PAs/admin workers like their jobs the least.
The saying 'Money can't buy you happiness' certainly seems true. Almost a
third of people in the £10 - £15k bracket rated their job 10/10, while less than 5
per cent of workers earning £40 - £45k gave their jobs a 10.
"It may come as a surprise to some that financial reward doesn't always mean
a happier working environment or employee" comments Chris Humphries,
director general of City & Guilds.
Both (hairdressers and beauty therapists) attributed their contentment to
strong relationships with their colleagues. Salon professionals also value
having an interest in what they do for a living, which 100 per cent of
hairdressers believe is important to on-the-job happiness. Contributing to
happiness in the workplace is the ability to meet lots new people and being
made to feel appreciated.
Secretaries, PAs, administrators and others working in the business support
sector feel the least appreciated.
So what factors do make us whistle while we work? 19 per cent of us would
like to do something worthwhile and almost 15 per cent just want a more
flexible workday. Humphries found, "Some of the happiest workers are those
who feel they have a lot of opportunities for professional development."
"Nowadays true job satisfaction and happiness is about fulfilling your full
potential, tapping into your own creativity, and feeling that you can make a
difference."
207
Here, then, are the UK's 20 happiest jobs to work in, according to City &
Guilds (average happiness rating in brackets) :
1) Hairdresser (8.7)
2) Beauty Therapist (8)
3) Early Years/Childcare (7.8)
4, 5) Doctor/Dentist (7.5)
6) Plumber (7.4)
7) Electrician (7.3)
8) Construction (7.2)
9) Leisure/Tourism (7.2)
10) Media/Creative (7.2)
11) Accountant (7)
12) Law (6.8)
13) Marketing/PR/Advertising (6.8)
14) Nursing (6.8)
15) Teaching/Education (6.7)
16) Automotive (6.6)
17) Human Resources (6.5)
18) Banking/Insurance/Finance (6.4)
19) Catering (6.3)
20) Secretarial/PA/Admin (6.1)
Work on these exercises based on the reading
According to the text, why are hairdressers and beauticians the happiest
professions?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
208
Why are secretaries less satisfied with their jobs?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Is your dream job or your parents’ job on the list? What do you think about its
rating?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Write two types of comparative sentences using data from the survey.
e.g. Plumbers are happier than accountants.
Accountants are not as happy as plumbers.
1. Teachers vs. nurses
______________________________________________________________
2. Lawyers vs. childminders
______________________________________________________________
3. Media workers vs. electricians
______________________________________________________________
What do the underlined words mean in the text?
Match by joining phrases with a line.
rated (v.) being partly responsible for
financial reward (n.) satisfaction
worthwhile (adj.) money
potential (n.) useful
contentment (n.) valued
appreciated (v.pp) scored
contributing (v.) ability
209
What is important to you when choosing a career? Number from 1 to 6
from the most to the least important for you.
Money
Independence
Doing something useful
Meeting new people
Colleagues
Perks and benefits
Write a paragraph describing your dream job and its characteristics, and
elements should have
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
210
Read the following job advertisements:
1. Needed: Full time secretary
position available. Applicants should
have at least 2 years experience and
be able to type 60 words a minute.
No computer skills required. Apply in
person at United Business Ltd., 17
Browning Street.
4. Teacher Needed: Tommy's
Kindergarten needs 2 teacher/trainers
to help with classes from 9 a.m. to 3
p.m. Applicants should have
appropriate licenses. For more
information visit Tommy's
Kindergarten in Leicester Square No.
56.
2. Are you looking for a part time job?
We require 3 part time shop
assistants to work during the evening.
No experience required, applicants
should between 18 and 26. Call 366 -
76564 for more information.
3. Computer trained secretaries: Do
you have experience working with
computers? Would you like a full time
position working in an exciting new
company? If your answer is yes, give
us a call at 565-987-7832.
5. Part Time work available: We are
looking for retired adults who would
like to work part time at the weekend.
Responsibilities include answering
the telephone and giving customer's
information. For more information
contact us by calling 897-980-7654.
6. University positions open: The
University of Cumberland is looking
for 4 teaching assistants to help with
homework correction. Applicants
should have a degree in one of the
following: Political Science, Religion,
Economics or History. Please contact
the University of Cumberland for
more information.
211
Answer these comprehension Questions
Which position is best for these people? Choose ONLY ONE position for each
person.
Jane Madison. Jane recently retired and is looking for a part time
position. She would like to work with people and enjoys public relation
work.
The best job for Jane is_________________________________________
Jack Anderson. Jack graduated from the University of Trent with a
degree in Economics two years ago. He would like an academic
position.
The best job for Jack is ________________________________________
Margaret Lillian. Margaret is 21 years old and would like a part time
position to help her pay her university expenses. She can only work in
the evenings.
The best job for Margaret is _____________________________________
Alice Fingelhamm. Alice was trained as a secretary and has six years of
experience. She is an excellent typist but does not know how to use a
computer. She is looking for a full time position.
The best job for Alice is _________________________________________
Peter Florian. Peter went to business school and studied computer and
secretarial skills. He is looking for his first job and would like a full time
position.
The best job for Peter is _________________________________________
Vincent san George. Vincent loves working with children and has an
education license from the city of Birmingham. He would like to work
with young children.
The best job for Vincent is _______________________________________
212
Read the following conversation
Harry: What are you working on?
Susan: Oh, I'm just studying for history class.
Harry: I hate history.
Susan: I don't. It's interesting. I'm reading about the Romans.
Harry: Do you mean the people from Romania?
Susan: No, stupid. The Romans as in 'Julius Cesar'. You know, people from
ancient Rome.
Harry: Oh, those Romans...
Susan: You are hopeless. So, what are you doing?
Harry: I'm preparing for a meeting tomorrow.
Susan: When's the meeting?
Harry: I'm driving into London tomorrow morning. The meeting is scheduled
for 10 o'clock.
Susan: ...and what are you preparing?
Harry: I'm giving a presentation on the new account.
Susan: Which new account?
Harry: Well, we're working on a new account in Southern England this week.
Susan: Work, work, work. That's all you ever do!
Harry: Come on, that's not true. I like reading books, too.
Susan: Oh, really? Which book are you reading at the moment?
Harry: Well, as a matter of fact, I'm reading 'Football in England: The Very
Best'.
Susan: Football? That's not reading
213
Choose the best answer based on the previous dialogue
1. Which statement is true?
a. Harry enjoys studying.
b. Susan enjoys studying but hates history.
c. Susan enjoys studying about history
2. Romans are people _____________________
a. from Romania
b. from ancient Rome
c. from London
3. What does Harry do?
a. He's a student.
b. He works for a company.
c. He plays football
4. What does Susan say about Harry?
a. He hates working.
b. He works too much.
c. He studies too Little
5. What type of book is Harry reading?
a. A book about history
b. A book about sport
c. He's not reading anything
214
Reading Comprehension
I WANT TO BE A FIREFIGHTER
My name is Terry. I want to be a firefighter. Why do I want
to be a firefighter? I have many reasons. I like all the
important things that firefighters do. Firefighters are
heroes.
Sometimes buildings catch on fire. Firefighters put out
fires. I want to put out fires.
If someone is trapped in a burning house, firefighters
save
them. I want to save people.
Sometimes people have accidents. Sometimes people
get
sick. Firefighters help them. I want to help people.
Firefighters drive big trucks. Fire trucks have loud sirens. I
want to drive a big truck.
Firefighters put out fires. Firefighters save people.
Firefighters help sick people. I want to be a firefighter and
do all those things. Then I would be a hero, too!
Answer these questions. Tick on the correct answer
1. Why does Terry want to be a firefighter?
a. Terry wants to put out fires.
b. Terry wants to help people.
c. Terry wants to drive a big truck.
d. All of the above
2. What do fire trucks have?
a. loud sirens
b. televisions
c. dogs
d. whistles
3. Terry thinks firefighters are…
a. busy
b. heroes
c. good looking
d. popular
215
Read the following article
Bilingual Job Fair this Weekend in Costa Rica
Multinationals will offer 3,000 jobs to Costa Ricans
The Costa Rican Investment Promotion Agency (CINDE) will be hosting the
4th Bilingual Job Fair this weekend March 7 through 9 at the National Cultural
Center in San Jose.
Companies such as Procter & Gamble, Intel, IBM, Dole, Western Union, DHL,
Fujitsu, HP, Alienware, Language Line, People Support, Sykes and Oracle will
be recruiting over 3,000 new employees for positions in administration,
accounting, electric, electronic and industrial engineering, programming, client
service, translation and technical support,
among others.
The focus is on anyone with English as a
second language; however they will also be
recruiting people that speak French,
Portuguese, Italian, German, mandarin and
Cantonese.
Entrance is free for anyone who wishes to attend. CINDE’s website
www.cinde.org offers more information about the specific positions available,
so applicants should prepare their resumes specifically for the companies they
wish to apply to. The Fair is an opportunity to submit your resume and start the
interview process, but the hiring process will take place afterward.
It is expected that companies in the service industry will be offering about
8,000 new jobs in Costa Rica this year, 3,000 of which will be offered at the
bilingual job fair. This is about 3,000 more positions overall than last year.
The last bilingual job fair held in Costa Rica was put on by the Costa Rican
North American Cultural Center (CCCN) and offered 2,000 jobs.
216
Based on the article answer the following questions:
1. Who is organizing this event?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. What is the main requirement to apply for these positions?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. How many jobs are available for ticos in this fair?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Is Costa Rica a new country on the job fair issue? Explain
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. What can you do on the fair?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. What should you take to the fair?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Where can you more information about this fair?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
217
Multiple Choice Answers
Unit 1: Achievements of Our National Athletes
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. A
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. C
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. D
7. A/B
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
Unit 2: Costa Rican Art, Music and Crafts
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. B
1. D
2. C
3. C
1. A
2. A
3. C
4. B
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. A
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
Unit 3: Costa Rican Typical Food
1. B
2. A
3. C
1. C
2. A
3. C
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. D
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. A
1. C
2. D
3. A
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. B
218
Unit 4: Holidays and Celebrations in Costa Rica and English Speaking
Countries
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
1. B
2. B
3. C
4.
1. A
2. B
3. B
1. C
2. C
3. A
1. B
2. C
3. B
Unit 5: Causes and Effects of Natural Resources Misuse
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. A
10. B
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. C
1. D
2. A
3. B
Unit 6: Tourist Attraction offered by Costa Rican Communities
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
219
Unit 7: Common Illnesses and New Disease and Epidemics
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. B
Unit 8: Our Democratic Tradition
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. C
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. A
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. A
Unit 9: Carrees Jobs and Lifestyles
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. B
1. D
2. A
3. B
220
Bibliography
Books
Tulio Villegas, Marco Tulio. Inglés Prácticas para la Prueba de Bachillerato, Farben Grupo Editorial Norma, 2007
Calderón Quesada, Teresita. Traveling Solutions for Bachillerato, EDUVISION E.V.N, 2007
Tulio Villegas, Marco Tulio. On your Mark. Farben Grupo Editorial Norma, 2004.
Quesada Alvarado, M. and Duarte Bonilla, M. Traveling Reading Strategies, EDUVISON E.V.N, 2007
English Practice Book for the MEP Exam, Santillana 1 ed. Editorial Santillana 2007
Barrera P., Duque M., Teenagers: New Generation 9 and 10. Editorial Norma S.A, 2008
Websites
www.wikipedia.com www.library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/air_pollution_-_solutions.html www.eflnet.com/tutorials/adjcompsup.php www.clafoti.com/imagenes10/compa_1.htm www.englishpage.com www.thenation.com/blogs/thebeat/240265 www.e-spanyol.hu/en/vocabulary/words_body.php www.eltbase.com www.inspirationalfilms.com//wttw/pdf/lesson8-handouts.pdf www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/politics.html www.politicsdaily.com/2010/02/08/laura-chinchilla-elected-first-female-president-of-costa-rica/ www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/vocabulary/esl-politics-elections-voting3.html www.bogglesworldesl.com www. eslprintables.com www.esl.about.com www.abcteach.com www.costaricapages.com/blog/business/2008-job-fair/667