desarrollo de una aplicaciÓn web para la gestiÓn de ventas en la empresa “jpinversiones global...

7/23/2019 DESARROLLO DE UNA APLICACIN WEB PARA LA GESTIN DE VENTAS EN LA EMPRESA JPINVERSIONES GLOBAL TE

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BMUQFE\CCBM

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ub{f el mgtljgefq el bmulqmlu gcu|g`bxg `fs egufs g`ogclmgefs lm |m slqtbefq qlofuf el

ug` ogmlqg w|l sl `fjqg g|olmugq `g ldbcblmcbg r ldbcgcbg lm `g jlsubm el `fs {lebefs-

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slqtbcbf elqlcnfs sfaql uga`gs lmuql fuqfs-


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Dbj|qg 3- Gqw|bulcu|qg el 3 Cg{gs --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

Dbj|qg 5- Gcufqls el` Mljfcbf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

Dbj|qg - Ebgjqgog el Gcufqls el` Sbsulog ------------------------------------------------------------ 1>

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Dbj|qg 77-7-1- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq \s|gqbfs ------------------------------------------- 31

Dbj|qg 77-7-3- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq @fcg` el \s|gqbf ------------------------------ 31

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7-1-/ GMULCLELMULS

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cfms|ùgs r ql{fquls lmuql fuqfs-

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[gjbmg- 2

7-3-/ [QFA@LOG8

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`fs sbsulogs bmdfqoubcfs-

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[gjbmg- 77

Ub{f el Bmtlsubjgcbm

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Ucmbcgs el Qlcf`lccbm el EgufsLmuqltbsugs

G uqgts el `g lmuqltbsug {|ebofs sgalq lm |mg dfqog ls{lcdbcg `g {qfa`loubcg el `g

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dfqo|`gofs {qlj|mugs g `gs {lqsfmgs cg{gcls el g{fqugqmfs egufs el bmulqs

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cfmdbgab`bege mlclsgqbg {gqg |mg a|lmg bmtlsubjgcbm r w|l slg `g nlqqgoblmug ub` {gqg

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7-


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[gjbmg- 73

7-4-/ H\SUBDBCGCBM

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ebtlqsfs {qfclsfs ogm|g`ls r {lqobubq g` geobmbsuqgefq el `g lo{qlsg H[Bmtlqsbfmls

J`fag` Ulcnmf`fjbls S-G-C, ulmlq |m ogrfq cfmuqf` el cgeg |mf el `fs ebdlqlmuls

oe|`fs r&f {|mufs el slqtbcbf-

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lo{qlsg lm |m olmfq ublo{f cfm olmfq cgmubege el lqqfqls r |ub`bxgmef cfm ldbcblmcbg

g` {lqsfmg` {gqg obmfqgq `g cgqjg el uqgaghf el` lmcgqjgef el ``ltgq l` cfmuqf` el `fs

{lebefs jlmlqgefs-

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bmdfqogcbm bmjqlsgeg {fq l` |s|gqbf `fs obsofs w|l olebgmul `g zla slqm

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el ublo{f el` {lqsfmg` w|l `f tg g qlg`bxgq-

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gf w|l sl mlclsbugqm cfmfclq {gqg ldlcuf el gm`bsbs f qlg`bxgq c|g`w|blq ufog el

elcbsbfmls-


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[gjbmg- 75

1-/ CG[BU\@F BB8 ELSCQB[CBM EL @G BMSUBU\CBM

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M|lsuqg lo{qlsg c|lmug cfm |m sugdd el {qfdlsbfmg`ls gùgolmul cg`bdbcgefs lm cgeg |mg

el s|s qlgs gsbobsof jfxg el efs `fcg`ls ebqbjbefs g `g tlmug el cfo{fmlmuls r

s|obmbsuqfs bmdfqoubcfs-

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cg`bege lm `fs {qfe|cufs w|l `l aqbmegm s|s {qftllefqls- Lsug ls `g qgxm {fq `g c|g`

m|lsuqg gulmcbm ls {lqsfmg`bxgeg {gqg cgeg |mf el m|lsuqfs c`blmuls cfm |mg

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[gjbmg- 7

Lscg`gab`bege8 @gs g{`bcgcbfmls agsgegs lm c`blmuls&slqtbefqls sfm dcbòlmul

lscg`ga`ls- Ngr efs ub{fs el lscg`gab`bege8

Lscg`gef tlqubcg`8 @fs sbsulogs {|lelm cqlclq {fq |m bmcqlolmuf el` molqf elc`blmuls r slqtbefqls lm fuqgs {g`gaqgs sl {|lel olhfqgq `gs cgqgculqsubcgs el`

slqtbefq f gjqljgq oùb{`ls slqtbefqls-

Lscg`gef nfqbxfmug`8 @fs slqtbefqls {|lelm elscfo{fmlqsl lm jq|{fs el

slqtbefqls w|l fdqlxcgm slqtbcbfs elsgcf{`gefs os ls{lcdbcfs- f lm ufef cgsf sl

{|lelm gjqljgq os lsugcbfmls el uqgaghf gcubtgs sbm gdlcugq sbjmbdbcgubtgolmul l`

qlmeboblmuf-

Bmuljqbege8 @g bmdfqogcbm ls geobmbsuqgeg {fq l` slqtbefq el dfqog |mbdbcgeg egmef

`|jgq g |m ogmulmboblmuf os slmcb``f r slj|qf-

L` Lsw|log el d|mcbfmgoblmuf el |m Sbsulog C`blmul&Slqtbefq slqg8

7- L` c`blmul sf`bcbug |mg bmdfqogcbm g` slqtbefq-1- L` slqtbefq qlcbal `g {lubcbm el` c`blmul-3- L` slqtbefq {qfclsg ebcng sf`bcbu|e-5- L` slqtbefq lmtg l` qls|ùgef faulmbef g` c`blmul-


19/145


[gjbmg- 72

[qfclsgq `g `jbcg el `g g{`bcgcbm r ngclq tg`begcbfmls `fcg`ls-

Jlmlqgq qlw|lqboblmufs el agsls el egufs-

Qlcbabq qls|ùgefs el` slqtbefq-

Dfqogulgq qls|ùgefs-

Slqtbefq8

Ls l` {qfclsf lmcgqjgef el gulmelq g oùb{`ls c`blmuls w|l ngclm {lubcbfmls el g`jm

qlc|qsf geobmbsuqgef {fq ` sl `l cfmfcl cfm l` uqobmf agci/lme- L` slqtbefq

mfqogòlmul ogmlhg ufegs `gs d|mcbfmls ql`gcbfmgegs cfm `g ogrfqg el `gs qlj`gs el`

mljfcbf r `fs qlc|qsfs el egufs- @gs d|mcbfmls w|l ``ltg g cgaf l` {qfclsf slqtbefq sl

qls|olm lm `fs sbj|blmuls {|mufs8

Gcl{ugq `fs qlw|lqboblmufs el agsls el egufs w|l ngclm `fs c`blmuls-

[qfclsgq qlw|lqboblmufs el agsls el egufs-

Dfqogulgq egufs {gqg uqgsobubq`fs g `fs c`blmuls-

[qfclsgq `g `jbcg el `g g{`bcgcbm r qlg`bxgq tg`begcbfmls g mbtl` el agsls el

egufs-

Dbj|qg 1- Gqw|bulcu|qg C`blmul Slqtbefq

[qfjqgogcbm {fq Cg{gs

Sl ng l`ljbef cfof gqw|bulcu|qg el elsgqqf``f el` sbsulog `g gqw|bulcu|qg el uqls cg{gs-

Lsug gqw|bulcu|qg cfmsbsul `bulqgòlmul lm sl{gqgq l` {qfrlcuf el `g Cg{g el

[qlslmugcbm Cg{g el Mljfcbfs r Cg{g el Egufs- Lsuf {lqobubq ebsuqba|bq l` uqgaghf el

cqlgcbm el |mg g{`bcgcbm {fq mbtl`ls el lsul ofef cgeg jq|{f el uqgaghf lsu

ufugòlmul gasuqgef el` qlsuf el mbtl`ls el dfqog w|l sf`f agsug cfm cfmfclq `g G[B

w|l l~bsul lmuql mbtl`ls-


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[gjbmg- 1;

Cg{g el [qlslmugcbm

@g cg{g el {qlslmugcbm ls `g lmcgqjgeg el ogmlhgq `g bmulqdgx el` |s|gqbf mf sf`f

cfmuqf`gmef `g cg{u|qg r {qlslmugcbm el `fs egufs sbmf ugoabm qlcbablmef `fs ltlmufs

gccbfmgefs {fq `fs |s|gqbfs g uqgts el `g bmulqdgx- Lsug cg{g sl cfo|mbcg mbcgolmul

cfm `g cg{g el `jbcg el mljfcbfs-

Cg{g el Mljfcbf

@g cg{g el `jbcg el mljfcbfs ublml `g qls{fmsgab`bege el ogmlhgq `g d|mcbfmg`bege el`

sbsulog bo{`lolmugmef g uqgts el fahlufs el mljfcbf `gs qlj`gs w|l elalm c|o{`bqsl-

Lsug cg{g sl cfo|mbcg cfm `g cg{g el {qlslmugcbm {gqg qlcbabq `gs {lubcbfmls r {qlslmugq

`fs- El` obsof ofef sl cfo|mbcg cfm `g cg{g el agsl el egufs {gqg g`ogclmgq r&f

qlc|{lqgq bmdfqogcbm-

Cg{g el Egufs

@g cg{g el egufs ls `g qls{fmsga`l el` g`ogclmgoblmuf r qlc|{lqgcbm el `fs egufs- Sl

cfo|mbcg mbcgolmul cfm `g cg{g el `jbcg el mljfcbfs-

[fq fuqg {gqul cgal bmebcgq w|l {gqg l` {qlslmul {qfrlcuf sl ng elcbebef ulmlq l`slqtbefq zla r el agsl el egufs lm |m obsof fqelmgefq g lsug sf`|cbm sl `l elmfobmg

sf`|cbm el uqls cg{gs r efs mbtl`ls `g c|g` ls {qlslmugeg lm `g sbj|blmul dbj|qg-


21/145


[gjbmg- 17

Dbj|qg 3- Gqw|bulcu|qg el 3 Cg{gs cfm 1 Mbtl`ls

3-1- Sbsulog Jlsufq el Agsl el Egufs

SW@ Slqtlq 1;;>8

Ls |mg nlqqgoblmug f l`lolmuf d|megolmug` el `g {`gugdfqog el egufs el Obcqfsfdu

cg{gx el jlsubfmgq c|g`w|blq ub{f el egufs lm c|g`w|blq sbubf r lm c|g`w|blq ofolmuf

agsgef lm l` ofel`f ql`gcbfmg`- Gsbobsof {lqobul g`ogclmgq egufs el efc|olmufs

lsuq|cu|qgefs sloblsuq|cu|qgefs f mf lsuq|cu|qgefs cfof sfm `gs bojlmls osbcg rgqcnbtfs ebqlcugolmul elmuqf el `g agsl el egufs- SW@ Slqtlq 1;;> mfs gr|eg g faulmlq

os qlmeboblmuf el `fs egufs {fmblmef g s| ebs{fsbcbm |mg go{`bg jgog el slqtbcbfs

bmuljqgefs cfof sfm cfms|`ugs asw|legs sbmcqfmbxgcbfmls bmdfqols r gm`bsbs- S|

g{qlmebxghl mf sf`f sbqtl {gqg lsul sbsulog sbmf ugoabm {gqg ufegs `gs l~bsulmuls lm l`

olqcgef w|l sf{fqulm lsul `lmj|ghl egef w|l ls |m `lmj|ghl lsumegq {fq ngalqsl tbsuf

cfmsf`begef {fq l` Bmsubu|uf Golqbcgmf el Mfqogs .GMSB" r {fq `g Fqjgmbxgcbm el

Lsumegqls Bmulqmgcbfmg` .BSF"-

@BMCL BMULQMLU UFCGCNL

SLQTBEFQZLA

SLQTBEFQEL AE


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[gjbmg- 11

3-3- Nlqqgoblmugs el Elsgqqf``f

Obcqfsfdu Tbs|g` Su|ebf -MLU 1;;>

Obcqfsfdu Tbs|g` Su|ebf ls |m lmufqmf el elsgqqf``f bmuljqgef ``gogef ugoabm BEL

.Bmuljqgule Eltl`f{olmu Lmtbqfmolmu" {gqg sbsulogs f{lqgubtfs Zbmefzs- Sf{fqug

tgqbfs `lmj|ghls el {qfjqgogcbm ug`ls cfof8 Tbs|g` C)) Tbs|g` C# Tbs|g` H#

GS[-MLU r Tbs|g` Agsbc -MLU-

Tbs|g` Su|ebf 1;;> ls |m cfo{`luf cfmh|muf el nlqqgoblmugs w|l fdqlcl g `fs

elsgqqf``gefqls m|ltgs nlqqgoblmugs {gqg `g dcb` cqlgcbm el g{`bcgcbfmls cfmlcugegs lm

`gs |ùbogs {`gugdfqogs bmc`|rlmef8 Zla .GS[-MLU GHG^" Zbmefzs TbsugObcqfsfdu Fddbcl 1;;: SW@ Slqtlq 1;;> Zbmefzs Slqtlq 1;;> Zbmefzs Ofab`l-r

fuqgs ulcmf`fjgs cfof8 Sb`tlq`bjnu Zbmefzs [qlslmugubfm Df|megubfm luc-

Lmufqmf -MLU Dqgolzfqi

L` -MLU Dqgolzfqi ls |m ogqcf el uqgaghf o|ùb`lmj|ghl w|l {lqobul jlmlqgq

bo{`gmugq r lhlc|ugq ugmuf Slqtbcbfs Zla cfof g{`bcgcbfmls Ô@ cfm `gs nlqqgoblmugs

asbcgs {gqg lscqbabq l` cebjf- Elmuqf el` cfmh|muf el` -MLU Dqgolzfqi sl ebsubmj|lm

3 s|a cfo{fmlmuls {qbmcb{g`ls8

Cfoofm @gmj|gjl Q|mubol .C@Q" ls |m lmufqmf el lhlc|cbm w|l cfqql sfaql

l` sbsulog f{lqgubtf r w|l ls l` lmcgqjgef el lhlc|ugq `gs g{`bcgcbfmls r {qftllq`ls

slqtbcbfs lm ublo{f el lhlc|cbm

Agsl C`gss @baqgqr .AC@" d|mcbfmg cfof |mg jqgm `baqlqg el c`gsls |mbdbcgegw|l cfmublml `g d|mcbfmg`bege ogrfqolmul |ub`bxgeg {gqg l` elsgqqf``f el ufef ub{f

el g{`bcgcbfmls-

GS[-MLU cfmsubu|rl `g ulcmf`fjg elmuqf el` -MLU Dqgolzfqi {gqg cfmsuq|bq

g{`bcgcbfmls cfm bmulqdgx el |s|gqbf Zla ls elcbq g{`bcgcbfmls c|rg `jbcg sl

lmc|lmuqg clmuqg`bxgeg lm |mf f tgqbfs slqtbefqls r w|l `fs c`blmuls {|lelm gcclelq

|sgmef |m aqfzslq f mgtljgefq olebgmul |mg slqbl el {qfufcf`fs r lsumegqls

cfof NUU[ r NUO@-
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entorno_de_desarrollo_integradohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowshttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_C%2B%2Bhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharphttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NEThttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NEThttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NEThttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NEThttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharphttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_C%2B%2Bhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowshttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entorno_de_desarrollo_integrado


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[gjbmg- 13

Obcqfsfdu -MLU Dqgolzfqi 3-

Elscqb{cbm Jlmlqg` el` Sbsulog

Gcufqls el` Sbsulog

\m gcufq bmulqgcug cfm l` sbsulog elslo{lgmef |m qf` elmuqf el` obsof- @fs gcufqls

lhlc|ugm `fs Cgsfs el \sf eldbmbefs {gqg l` sbsulog r mf mlclsgqbgolmul ql{qlslmugm g

|mg {lqsfmg lm {gqubc|`gq sbmf os ablm `g `gafq w|l qlg`bxg dqlmul g` sbsulog-

Cfm l` {qf{sbuf el dgcb`bugq l` lmulmeboblmuf el` ebgjqgog .Dbj|qg >" sl ngm eldbmbef

c|guqf gcufqls {qbmcb{g`ls8 GSVGeobmbsuqgefq GSVG|~b`bgq GSVCghlqf r

GSVF{lqgefq-

Dbj|qg >- Ebgjqgog el Gcufqls el` Sbsulog

GSVGeobmbsuqgefq

GSV\s|gqbf

GSVG|~b`bgq GSVF{lqgefq

D|mcbfmls8

/ Gcclelq g` Sbsulog

/ Jlsubfmgq C|lmug el \s|gqbf

D|mcbfmls8

/ Jlsubfmgq Slj|qbege

/ Jlsubfmgq Geobmbsuqgcbm

/ Jlsubfmgq Tlmugs

/ Jlsubfmgq Cghg/ Jlsubfmgq G`ogclm

/ Jlsubfmgq Ql{fquls

D|mcbfmls8

/ Jlsubfmgq G`ogclm

D|mcbfmls8

/ Jlsubfmgq Tlmugs

GSVCghlqf

D|mcbfmls8

/ Jlsubfmgq Cghg


29/145


[gjbmg- 12

Ebgjqgog el Cgsfs el \sf el` Sbsulog

L` Ebgjqgog el Cgsfs el \sf {lqobul tbs|g`bxgq l` cfo{fqugoblmuf el` sbsulog f el

|mg {gqul el ` ofsuqgmef `g ql`gcbm lmuql `fs gcufqls r `fs Cgsfs el \sfs el` Sbsulog-

Lsufs ls{lcbdbcgm `fs qlw|lqboblmufs d|mcbfmg`ls el |mg ogmlqg slmcb``g rg w|l eldbmlm

l` cfo{fqugoblmuf el` sbsulog r mf s| bo{`lolmugcbm-

Lm agsl g `fs slqtbcbfs {qf{|lsufs r ufogmef lm c|lmug ufefs `fs qf`ls w|l {|lelm

elsgqqf``gqsl lm lsul Sbsulog Zla cfof g`ulqmgubtg el sf`|cbm {gqg `g Jlsubm el

Tlmugs lm `g Lo{qlsg H[Bmtlqsbfmls J`fag` Ulcnmf`fjbls S-G-C sl {qlslmug `fs

sbj|blmuls Ebgjqgogs el Cgsfs el \sf8

Dbj|qg 2- Ebgjqgog el Cgsfs el \sf el` Sbsulog .[qbmcb{g`ls"

C\SVJlsubfmgq C`blmuls

C\SVJlsubfmgq [lqdb` el \s|gqbfC\SVJlsubfmgq Dfqo|`gqbfs

C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f el \s|gqbf

C\SVJlsubfmgq @fcg` el \s|gqbf

C\SVJlsubfmgq C|lmug el \s|gqbf

C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f Efc|olmufC\SVJlsubfmgq Lo{`lgefs

C\SVJlsubfmgq Lsugef Cbtb`

C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f el Cgoabf

C\SVJlsubfmgq G`ogclm

C\SVJlsubfmgq Cghg

C\SVJlsubfmgq [qfe|cufs

C\SVJlsubfmgq \s|gqbfs

C\SVJlsubfmgq Tlmugs C\SVJlsubfmgq Af`lug

C\SVJlsubfmgq Dgcu|qg

C\SVJlsubfmgq Slj|qbege

C\SVJlsubfmgq GeobmbsuqgcbfmC\SVJlsubfmgq @fcg`ls

C\SVJlsubfmgq Ql{fquls


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[gjbmg- 3;

Dbj|qg 7;- Ebgjqgog el Cgsfs el \sf el` \s|gqbf

Dbj|qg 77- Ebgjqgog J`fag` el Cgsfs el \sf el` Geobmbsuqgefq

C\SVJlsubfmgq C|lmug el \s|gqbf

.dqfo Cgsfs el \sf el Sbsulog"

GSV\s|gqbf

.dqfo Gcufqls el Sb ---"

Gcclsf g` Sbsulog


C\SVJlsubfmgqGeobmbsuqgcbfm




C\SVJlsubfmgq Tlmugs


C\SVJlsubfmgq Cghg




GSVGeobmbsuqgefq

.dqfo Gcufqls el Sb s---"

C\SVJlsubfmgq Ql{fquls



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[gjbmg- 37

Dbj|qg 77-7- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq Slj|qbege

Dbj|qg 77-7-7- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq Dfqo|`gqbf





C\SVJlsubfmgq Dfqo|`gqbfs




C\SVJlsubfmgq [lqdb` el \s|gqbf


C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f el \s|gqbf


00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00fzmlq==

00l~ulme==

C\SVJlsubfmgq Dfqo|`gqbfs


Egq Aghg Dfqo|`gqbf


Lebugq Dfqo|`gqbf


A|scgq Dfqo|`gqbf


Cqlgq Dfqo|`gqbf


00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00bmc`|el==

00bmc`|el==

00l~ulme==


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[gjbmg- 33

Dbj|qg 77-7-5- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq [lqdb` el \s|gqbf

Dbj|qg 77-7-


34/145


[gjbmg- 35

Dbj|qg 77-1- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq Geobmbsuqgcbfm

Dbj|qg 77-1-7- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq Lo{`lgefs

C\SVJlsubfmgq Geobmbsuqgcbfm

.dqfo Cgsfs el \sf el S bsulog"

C\SVJlsubfmgq C`blmuls


C\SVJlsubfmgq Lo{`lgefs


C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f Efc|olmuf


C\SVJlsubfmgq Lsugef Cbtb`


00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

C\SVJlsubfmgq Lo{`lgefs


Lebugq Lo{`lgef


A|scgq Lo{`lgef


Egq el Aghg Lo{`lgef


Gjqljgq Lo{lgef


00l~ulme==

00bmc`|el==

00bmc`|el==00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==


35/145


[gjbmg- 3

Dbj|qg 71-3- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq Dgcu|qg

Dbj|qg 73- Ebgjqgog J`fag` el Cgsfs el \sf el` Cghlqf

C\SVJlsubfmgq Dgcu|qg


Sl`lccbfmgq Dgcu|qg


Jlmlqgq Dgcu|qg


Bo{qbobq Dgcu|qg


A|scgq Dgcu|qg


Gm|`gq Dgcu|qg


Lebugq Dgcu|qg


00l~ulme==

00bmc`|el==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==



G{lqu|qgq Clqqgq Cghg


Cfms|`ugq Oftboblmufs el Cghg


[gjgq [lebefs


C\SVJlsubfmgq Bmjqlsf el Cghg


C\SVJlsubfmgq Ljqlsf el Cghg


C\SVJlsubfmgq Cghg


GSVCghlqf


00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==


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[gjbmg- 32

Dbj|qg 75- Ebgjqgog J`fag` el Cgsfs el \sf el` F{lqgefq

Dbj|qg 75-7- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq Gulmcbm el [lebefs

C\SVJlsubfmgq [qfe|cufs


C\SVJlsubfmgq Gulmcbm el[lebefs.dqfo Cgsfs el \sf el Sbsulog"

C\SVJlsubfmgq J|bg el Qlobsbm




GSVF{lqgefq


00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

A|scgq [lebef


Gulmelq [lebef.dqfo Cgsfs el \sf el Sbsulog"

Gm|`gq [lebef


C\SVJlsubfmgq Gulmcbm el[lebefs.dqfo Cgsfs el \sf el Sbsulog"

Jlmlqgq J|bg el Qlobsbfm.dqfo Cgsfs el \sf el Sbsulog"

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00bmc`|el==


40/145


[gjbmg- 5;

Dbj|qg 75-1- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq J|g el Qlobsbm

Dbj|qg 75-3- Ebgjqgog el C\SVJlsubfmgq [qfe|cufs

C\SVJlsubfmgq J|bg el Qlobsbm


A|scgq J|g el Qlobsbm


Lebugq J|g el Qlobsbm


Gm|`gq J|bg el Qlobsbm


Clqqgq [lebef


Bo{qbobq J|bg el Qlobsbm


00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

Cqlgq [qfe|cuf


Egq Aghg [qfe|cuf


Lebugq [qfe|cuf.dqfo Cgsfs el \sf el Sbsulog"

A|scgq [qfe|cuf


C\SVJlsubfmgq [qfe|cufs.dqfo Cgsfs el \sf el Sbsulog"

Gcu|g`bxgq Sufci


00bmc`|el==

00bmc`|el==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==

00l~ulme==


41/145


[gjbmg- 57

Ls{lcbdbcgcbm el Cgsfs el \sf el` Sbsulog

Ls{lcbdbcgcbm el Cgsf el \sf8 Bmjqlsgq g` Sbsulog

Mfoaql el Cgsf el \sf8 C\SVGcclelq g` SbsulogGcufqls8 Geobmbsuqgefq G|~b`bgq Cghlqf r F{lqgefqElscqb{cbm8[lqobul tg`begq g |m |s|gqbf olebgmef |m mfoaql el |s|gqbf r cfmuqgslg {gqg l` |sfel` sbsulog-[qlcfmebcbfmls8Lsugq qljbsuqgef lm `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-[fsu cfmebcbfmls8Tg`begcbm el` |s|gqbf qlg`bxgeg cfm ~buf-D`|hf Asbcf el ltlmufs8

Tg`begq \s|gqbf

7- L` gcufq bmjqlsg mfoaql el |s|gqbf r cfmuqgslg-1- L` sbsulog tg`beg `fs egufs bmjqlsgefs {fq l` gcufq-3- \mg tlx tg`begef l` gcufq l` sbsulog o|lsuqg `g dlcng r `bsug el fdbcbmgs w|l l`

|s|gqbf ublml {lqobsf-5- L` gcufq sl`lccbfmg `g fdbcbmg r {qlsbfmg l` afum Bmjqlsgq-


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[gjbmg- 51

D`|hf Asbcf el ltlmufs8

Tg`begq \s|gqbf7- L` gcufq sl`lccbfmg `gs f{cbfmls el` olm-1- L` sbsulog tg`beg `gs f{cbfmls sl`lccbfmgegs {fq l` gcufq-3- \mg tlx tg`begef `gs f{cbfmls l` sbsulog o|lsuqg elug``l-5- L` gcufq {qfclel g lhlc|ugq `gs g{`bcgcbfmls ngab`bugegs-D`|hfs gùlqmgubtfs8Mf ngr-L~cl{cbfmls8Mf ngr

Ls{lcbdbcgcbm el cgsf el \sf8 Jlsubfmgq Ub{f el Efc|olmufMfoaql el Cgsf el \sf8 C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f el Efc|olmuf

Gcufq8 GeobmbsuqgefqElscqb{cbm8L` gcufq els{|s el qljbsuqgqsl lm l` sbsulog olebgmul l` |s|gqbf r `g cfmuqgslg {|lelmbmtfcgq l` cgsf el |sf C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f el Efc|olmuf l` gcufq {feq gjqljgq qlg`bxgqdbùqfs el asw|leg lebugq .ofebdbcgq" r l`bobmgq qljbsuqfs el `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-[qlcfmebcbfmls8 L` gcufq ngrg bmjqlsgef cfqqlcugolmul g` sbsulog olebgmul l` mfoaql el |s|gqbf r `g

cfmuqgslg r ulmjg l` {lqobsf el |s|gqbf- L` gcufq ngrg sl`lccbfmgef `g {lsugg el Slj|qbege r ngalq l`ljbef f{cbm Ub{f el

Efc|olmuf el `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg-

[fsu cfmebcbfmls8 Lm cgsf el ngalq bmjqlsgef |m m|ltf ub{f el efc|olmuf `fs egufs w|legqgm gògclmgefslm `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef |mg ofebdbcgcbm el ub{f el efc|olmuf `fs egufsofebdbcgefs sl gcu|g`bxgqm lm `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef `g l`bobmgcbm el ub{f el efc|olmuf l` ub{f el efc|olmufw|leg l`bobmgef el `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-


7- L` gcufq {|lel sl`lccbfmgq egq el gùg |m m|ltf ub{f el efc|olmuf {gsgq g` {|muf 19a|scgq |m ub{f el efc|olmuf {gsgq g` {|muf 3 egq el aghg |m ub{f el efc|olmuf {gsgq g`{|muf 59 ofebdbcgq egufs el ub{f el efc|olmuf {gsgq g` {|muf

Ls{lcbdbcgcbm el cgsf el \sf8 Jlsubfmgq Ub{f el CgoabfMfoaql el Cgsf el \sf8 C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f el CgoabfGcufqls8 Geobmbsuqgefq G|~b`bgq-Elscqb{cbm

L` gcufq els{|s el qljbsuqgqsl lm l` sbsulog olebgmul l` |s|gqbf r `g cfmuqgslg {|lelmbmtfcgq l` cgsf el |sf C\SVJlsubfmgq Ub{f el Cgoabf l` gcufq {feq gjqljgq qlg`bxgq dbùqfsel asw|leg lebugq .ofebdbcgq" r l`bobmgq `fs qljbsuqfs el `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-

[qlcfmebcbfmls8 L` gcufq ngrg bmjqlsgef cfqqlcugolmul g` sbsulog olebgmul l` mfoaql el |s|gqbf r `g

cfmuqgslg r ulmjg l` {lqobsf el |s|gqbf- L` gcufq ngrg sl`lccbfmgef `g {lsugg Tlmugs r `|ljf l`bhg `g f{cbm Ub{f el cgoabf el `g

bmulqdgx jqdbcg-[fsu cfmebcbfmls8

Lm cgsf el ngalq bmjqlsgef |m m|ltf ub{f el cgoabf `fs egufs w|legqgm gògclmgefs lm `gagsl el egufs el` sbsulog-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef |mg ofebdbcgcbm el ub{f el cgoabf `fs egufs ofebdbcgefs slgcu|g`bxgqm lm `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef `g l`bobmgcbm el ub{f el cgoabf l` ub{f el cgoabf w|legl`bobmgef el `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-


74-L` gcufq {|lel sl`lccbfmgq egq el gùg |m m|ltf ub{f el cgoabf {gsgq g` {|muf 7:9 a|scgq|m ub{f el cgoabf {gsgq g` {|muf 7> egq el aghg |m ub{f el efc|olmuf {gsgq g` {|muf 729ofebdbcgq egufs el ub{f el efc|olmuf {gsgq g` {|muf 1;-

7:-L` gcufq sf`bcbug l` gùg el Ub{f el Cgoabf-7:-7- Gcufq sl`lccbfmg l` afum Gjqljgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf-7:-1- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg `fs cgo{fs el egufs mlclsgqbfs g bmuqfe|cbq9 `fs cgo{fs g ql``lmgq

sfm8 cebjf .g|ufjlmlqgef" {qlcbf el cfo{qg {qlcbf el tlmug r dlcng-7:-3- Gcufq bmjqlsg `fs cgo{fs mlclsgqbfs r {|`sg l` afum J|gqegq f ablm cgmcl`gq

qljbsuqf {|`sgmef l` afum Clqqgq-7:-5- [fq ùbof, sb sl j|gqeg l` qljbsuqf l` sbsulog o|lsuqg olmsghl el gtbsf M|ltf

qljbsuqf sl jqga cfqqlcugolmul lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf-7>-L` gcufq sf`bcbug `g asw|leg el |m m|ltf ub{f el cgoabf f ofsuqgq `bsugef el `mlgs el ub{f

el cgoabf rg bmjqlsgefs-7>-7- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg l` cgo{f cebjf {qlcbf el cfo{qg {qlcbf el tlmug-7>-1- L` gcufq bmuqfe|cl l` cebjf {qlcbf el cfo{qg f {qlcbf el tlmug r qlg`bxg `g asw|leg g

uqgts el` afum A|scgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf-

7>-3- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg |m `bsugef el `mlgs el ub{f el cgoabf efmel sl qld`lhg cebjf elub{f el cgoabf, afum Lebugq, {qlcbf el cfo{qg, {qlcbf el tlmug dlcng r afumL`bobmgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf-

72-L` gcufq sf`bcbug `g aghg el ub{f el cgoabf-72-7- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg l` cgo{f cebjf {qlcbf el cfo{qg r {qlcbf el tlmug {gqg {qfclelq

g `g aghg el ub{f el cgoabf-72-1- L` gcufq bmuqfe|cl l` cebjf {qlcbf el cfo{qg f {qlcbf el tlmug r qlg`bxg `g asw|leg g

uqgts el` afum A|scgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf-72-3- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg |m `bsugef el `mlgs el ub{f el cgoabf efmel sl qld`lhg cebjf el

ub{f el cgoabf, afum Lebugq, {qlcbf el cfo{qg, {qlcbf el tlmug, dlcng r afumL`bobmgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf-

72-5- L` gcufq {qlsbfmg l` afum L`bobmgq el |mg el `gs db`gs el `g `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf- 72-


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72-4- L` gcufq {|lel cfmdbqogq `g l`bobmgcbm el ub{f el cgoabf {|`sgmef l` afumGcl{ugq, f ablm {|lel cgmcl`gq l` afqqgef {|`sgmef l` afum Cgmcl`gq-

72-:- [fq `ubof sb sl gcl{u `g l`bobmgcbm l` sbsulog jlmlqg |m olmsghl el gtbsf Qljbsuqfl`bobmgef sgubsdgcufqbgolmul lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf-

1;-L` gcufq sf`bcbug `g ofebdbcgcbm el egufs el |m ub{f el cgoabf-1;-7- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg l` cgo{f cebjf dlcng el cfo{qg r dlcng el tlmug {gqg qlg`bxgq `g

asw|leg r {qfclelq g `g ofebdbcgcbm el ub{f el cgoabf-1;-1- L` gcufq bmuqfe|cl l` cebjf dlcng el cfo{qg f dlcng el tlmug r qlg`bxg `g asw|leg g

uqgts el` afum A|scgq-1;-3- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg |m `bsugef el `mlgs el ub{f el cgoabf efmel sl qld`lhg cebjf el

ub{f el cgoabf, , afum Lebugq, {qlcbf el cfo{qg, {qlcbf el tlmug, dlcng r afumL`bobmgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf-

1;-5- L` gcufq {qlsbfmg l` afum Lebugq el |mg el `gs db`gs el `g `bsug el ub{f el cgoabf- 1;-


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[gjbmg- -L` gcufq {|lel sl`lccbfmgq egq el gùg |m m|ltf dfqo|`gqbf {gsgq g` {|muf 329

a|scgq |m ub{f el efc|olmuf {gsgq g` {|muf 5; egq el aghg |m ub{f el efc|olmuf{gsgq g` {|muf 579 ofebdbcgq egufs el ub{f el efc|olmuf {gsgq g` {|muf 51-

12-L` gcufq sf`bcbug l` gùg el |m dfqo|`gqbf-12-7- L` gcufq sl`lccbfmg l` afum Gjqljgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg {jbmgs zlaebs{fmba`ls-12-1- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg `fs cgo{fs el egufs mlclsgqbfs g bmuqfe|cbq9 `fs cgo{fs g

ql``lmgq sfm8 cebjf .g|ufjlmlqgef" el{lmelmcbg fqelm \Q@ mbtl` elscqb{cbmbcfmf-

12-3- Gcufq bmjqlsg `fs cgo{fs mlclsgqbfs r {|`sg l` afum J|gqegq f ablmcgmcl`gq qljbsuqf {|`sgmef l` afum Clqqgq-

12-5- [fq ùbof sb sl j|gqeg qljbsuqf l` sbsulog o|lsuqg olmsghl el gtbsfM|ltf qljbsuqf sljqga cfqqlcugolmul lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug [jbmgs zlaebs{fmba`ls

3;-L` gcufq sf`bcbug `g asw|leg el |m dfqo|`gqbf f ofsuqgq `bsugef el `mlgs eldfqo|`gqbfs rg bmjqlsgefs-

3;-7- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg l` cgo{f cebjf el{lmelmcbg Mbtl` Fqelm relscqb{cbm {gqg {qfclelq g `g asw|leg el dfqo|`gqbf-

3;-1- L` gcufq bmuqfe|cl l` cebjf el{lmelmcbg mbtl` fqelm f elscqb{cbm rqlg`bxg `g asw|leg g uqgts el` afum A|scgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el{jbmgs zla ebs{fmba`ls-

3;-3- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg |m `bsugef el `mlgs el dfqo|`gqbfs efmel sl qld`lhgcebjf el dfqo|`gqbf, afum Lebugq, el{lmelmcbg, mbtl`, fqelm, elscqb{cbm,\Q@ r afum L`bobmgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg [jbmgs zla ebs{fmba`ls-

37-L` gcufq sf`bcbug `g aghg el dfqo|`gqbfs-37-7- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg l` cgo{f cebjf el{lmelmcbg Mbtl` Fqelm r

elscqb{cbm {gqg {qfclelq g `g aghg el dfqo|`gqbfs-37-1- L` gcufq bmuqfe|cl l` cebjf el{lmelmcbg Mbtl` Fqelm f elscqb{cbm r

qlg`bxg `g asw|leg g uqgts el` afum A|scgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el{jbmgs zla ebs{fmba`ls-

37-3- L` sbsulog o|lsuqg |m `bsugef el `mlgs dfqo|`gqbfs efmel sl qld`lhg cebjfel dfqo|`gqbf, afum Lebugq, el{lmelmcbg, mbtl`, fqelm, elscqb{cbm, \Q@ r

afum L`bobmgq lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el {jbmgs zla ebs{fmba`ls-37-5- L` gcufq {qlsbfmg l` afum L`bobmgq el |mg el `gs db`gs el `g `bsug el

dfqo|`gqbfs-37-


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51-4- L` sbsulog jlmlqg |m olmsghl el gtbsf el ofebdbcgcbm r sf`bcbug `gcfmdbqogcbm el `g obsog-

51-:- L` gcufq {|lel cfmdbqogq `g ofebdbcgcbm el` c`blmul {|`sgmef l` afumGcl{ugq, f ablm {|lel cgmcl`gq `g ofebdbcgcbm {|`sgmef l` afum Cgmcl`gq-[gsg g `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el c`blmul-

D`|hfs gùlqmgubtfs87- Lm l` {|muf 55-3L` sbsulog cfo{q|lag w|l sl ngm bmuqfe|cbef ufefs `fs egufs qlsugmuls lm cgsf el w|lmf sl ngrgm bmuqfe|cbef egufs lm `fs cgo{fs cebjf .g|ufjlmlqgef" mfoaql el c`blmulub{f el efc|olmuf molqf el efc|olmuf el{gqugolmuf {qftbmcbg ebsuqbuf ebqlccbmul`dfmf r Dg~- L` sbsulog jlmlqgq |m olmsghl el lqqfq r cfo{`lugqlofs `fs egufs-

7-7- Lm l` {|muf 55-5Sb sl ng jlmlqgef olmsghl el lqqfq l` sbsulog t|l`tl g ofsuqgq `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg elgùg el c`blmul-

L~cl{cbfmls8Mf ngr

Ls{lcbdbcgcbm el cgsf el \sf8 Jlsubfmgq \s|gqbfsMfoaql el Cgsf el \sf8 C\SVJlsubfmgq \s|gqbfsGcufqls8 GeobmbsuqgefqElscqb{cbm8L` gcufq els{|s el qljbsuqgqsl lm l` sbsulog olebgmul l` |s|gqbf r `g cfmuqgslg{|lelm bmtfcgq l` cgsf el |sf el` sbsulog C\SVJlsubfmgq \s|gqbfs l` cgsf l` gcufq{feq gjqljgq qlg`bxgq dbùqfs el asw|leg lebugq .ofebdbcgq" l`bobmgq `g bmdfqogcbmgògclmgeg lm `g agsl el egufs bmjqlsgefs g `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-[qlcfmebcbfmls8

L` gcufq ngrg bmjqlsgef cfqqlcugolmul g` sbsulog olebgmul l` mfoaql el |s|gqbf r`g cfmuqgslg r ulmjg l` {lqobsf el |s|gqbf-

L` gcufq ngrg sl`lccbfmgef `g {lsugg el Slj|qbege f{cbm \s|gqbfs el `gbmulqdgx jqdbcg-

[fsu cfmebcbfmls8

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl egef el gùg |m m|ltf |s|gqbf `fs egufs el` |s|gqbf w|legmgògclmgefs lm `g agsl el egufs-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef |mg ofebdbcgcbm el `fs egufs el` |s|gqbf w|legmgògclmgefs lm `g agsl el egufs-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef `g l`bobmgcbm el |m |s|gqbf l` |s|gqbf w|legl`bobmgef el `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog

D`|hf Asbcf el ltlmufs853-L` gcufq {|lel sl`lccbfmgq egq el gùg el |m |s|gqbf {gsgq g` {|muf


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5:-:- Gcufq {qfclel g j|gqegq `fs egufs ofebdbcgefs {|`sgmef l` afumJ|gqegq f ablm {|lel cgmcl`gq `g ofebdbcgcbm {|`sgmef l` afum Clqqgq-

5:->- [fq ùbof sb sl j|gqeg `g ofebdbcgcbm l` sbsulog jlmlqg |m olmsghl elgtbsf L` qljbsuqf sl ofebdbc cfqqlcugolmul lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg `bsug el|s|gqbf-

D`|hfs gùlqmgubtfs87- Lm l` {|muf 52-3L` sbsulog cfo{q|lag w|l sl ngm bmuqfe|cbef ufefs `fs egufs qlsugmuls lm cgsf el w|lmf sl ngrgm bmuqfe|cbef egufs lm `fs cgo{fs cebjf .g|ufjlmlqgef" ub{f el |s|gqbfmfoaql el lo{`lgef `fj|bm dlcng l` sbsulog jlmlqgq |m olmsghl el lqqfqcfo|mbcgmef w|l dgùgm egufs el` mlclsgqbf c`blmul-7-7- Lm l` {|muf 52-5Sb sl ng jlmlqgef olmsghl el lqqfq l` sbsulog t|l`tl g ofsuqgq `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg el`bsugq |s|gqbfL~cl{cbfmls8Mf ngr

Ls{lcbdbcgcbm el cgsf el \sf8 Jlsubfmgq Af`lugMfoaql el Cgsf el \sf8 C\SVJlsubfmgq Af`lugGcufqls8 Geobmbsuqgefq g|~b`bgqElscqb{cbm8L` gcufq els{|s el qljbsuqgqsl lm l` sbsulog olebgmul l` |s|gqbf r `g cfmuqgslg {|lelm bmtfcgql` cgsf el |sf el sbsulog C\SVJlsubfmgq Af`lug l` gcufq {feq jlmlqgq `fs {lebefs el `fsc`blmuls gjqljgefs- Sl sl`lccbfmg l` c blmul r sl {qfclel cfo{`lugq `fs cgo{fs mlclsgqbfs elèlug``l el {lebef r gs s|clsbtgolmul ngsug jqgagq `fs {lebefs- Sl {|lelm gjqljgq cgmcl`gq

l`bobmgq f qlg`bxgq m|ltfs {lebefs-[qlcfmebcbfmls8 L` gcufq ngrg bmjqlsgef cfqqlcugolmul g` sbsulog olebgmul l` mfoaql el |s|gqbf r `g

cfmuqgslg-

L` gcufq ngrg bmjqlsgef `fs egufs el` c`blmul lm `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog- L` gcufq ngrg sl`lccbfmgef `g {lsugg el Tlmugs f{cbm Af`lug el `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg-[fsu cfmebcbfmls8 Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef |mg m|ltg af`lug r sl`lccbfmgef Jqgagq l` {lebef w|leg

gògclmgef lm `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog cfm lsugef {lmeblmul-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl l`bobmgef |mf f tgqbfs {qfe|cufs el `g `bsug el `fs {lebefs el` c`blmulw|leg l`bobmgef el `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-

D`|hf Asbcf el ltlmufs85>-L` gcufq {|lel sl`lccbfmgq egq el gùg |mg {lebef {gsgq g` {|muf


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{qlcbf lm sf`ls r {qlcbf lm e`gqls" efmel o|lsuqg |m afum Gjqljgq rCgmcl`gq, l` afum Gjqljgq {lqobubq tbs|g`bxgq |m `bsugef el `gs `mlgs el{lebef lm `gs w|l sl qld`lhgm l` cebjf el gquc|`f cgmubege sf`bcbugeg `gelscqb{cbm el` obsof l` {qlcbf lm sf`ls {qlcbf lm e`gqls bo{fqul lm sf`lsbo{fqul lm e`gqls r |m afum w|l {lqobul l`bobmgq el `g `bsug r {fq |ùbof

cfm `fs egufs el `gs `mlgs el {lebef w|l cfmu|tblqg l` obsof sl {feqcfo{`lugq `fs cgo{fs mqf- el qljbsuqfs dlcng el lmuqljg nfqg el lmuqljgslqtbcbf el lmuqljg lsugef el {gjf ufug` mluf {gjf t|lùf el|eg r {felqjqgagq {lebef cgmcl`gq l`bobmgq jlmlqgq m|ltf {lebef r {fq |ùbof bo{qbobq-

52-3- L` Gcufq sl`lccbfmg l` afum el asw|leg el c`blmul r ul o|lsuqg |mg tlmugmg{gqg dbùqgq g` c`blmul .Cebjf mfoaql el c`blmul"-

52-5- L` sbsulog {qlslmug `fs egufs el` c`blmul sljm g{gqlxcgm lm `g agsl el egufs rsl {qfclel g `g sl`lccbm-

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gtbsf Qljbsuqf l`bobmgef sgubsdgcufqbgolmul lm `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg Fqelm el[lebef-

D`|hfs gùlqmgubtfs8Mf ngrL~cl{cbfmls8

Mf ngr

Ls{lcbdbcgcbm el cgsf el \sf8 Jlsubfmgq GògcmMfoaql el Cgsf el \sf8 C\SVJlsubfmgq GògclmGcufqls8 Geobmbsuqgefq F{lqgefqElscqb{cbm8L` gcufq els{|s el qljbsuqgqsl lm l` sbsulog olebgmul l` |s|gqbf r `g cfmuqgslg{|lelm bmtfcgq l` cgsf el |sf el` sbsulog C\SVJlsubfmgq Gògcm l` gcufq {feqlmuqljgq {lebefs jlsubfmgq [qfe|cufs Cfms|ùgs el J|g el qlobsbm

[qlcfmebcbfmls8 L` gcufq ngrg bmjqlsgef cfqqlcugolmul g` sbsulog olebgmul l` mfoaql el |s|gqbf r

`g cfmuqgslg r ulmjg l` {lqobsf el Gògcm-

L` gcufq ngrg sl`lccbfmgef `g {lsugg el Gògcm r l`bhg `g f{cbm BmjqlsfGògcm el `g bmulqdgx jqdbcg-

[fsu cfmebcbfmls8 Lm cgsf el ngalqsl afqqgef `fs {qfe|cufs w|l l` c`blmul ng sf`bcbugef `fs egufs el`

{qfe|cuf w|legm gògclmgefs lm `g agsl el egufs-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef |mg ofebdbcgcbm el `fs {qfe|cufs w|l qlcbm bmjqlsgmg` gògcm w|legm gògclmgefs lm `g agsl el egufs-

Lm cgsf el ngalqsl qlg`bxgef `g e|{`bcbege el |m {qfe|cuf lm l` sbsulog ebcnf{qfe|cuf w|leg l`bobmgef el `g agsl el egufs el` sbsulog-



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[gjbmg- 43

47-1L` gcufq bmuqfe|cl l` cebjf el{lmelmcbg mbtl` fqelm f elscqb{cbm r qlg`bxg `gasw|leg g uqgts el` afum A|scgq lm g bmulqdgx Jlsubm el [qfe|cufs-

47-3L` sbsulog o|lsuqg |m `bsugef el {qfe|cufs r s|s egufs ebs{fmba`ls lm `g agsl elegufs el `g bmulqdgx Jlsubm el {qfe|cufs-

41 L` gcufq {qlsbfmg lebugq lm l` {qfe|cuf w|l elslg ofebdbcgq-43 L` sbsulog o|lsuqg `g bmulqdgx Lebugq [qfe|cuf L` hldl el G`ogcm ofebdbcg `fsegufs el` {qfe|cuf sljm cqbulqbf `|ljf sl`lccbfmg jqgagq-45 L` sbsulog j|gqeg `fs egufs ofebdbcgefs r jlmlqg |m olmsghl Gcu|g`bxgcbm

Cfo{`lugeg-D`|hfs g`ulqmgubtfs8

7- Lm l` {|muf


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[gjbmg- 45


4


65/145


[gjbmg- 4

Efobcb`bf-

FUVEVfquVdlcngLmuqljg

Dlcng el lmuqljg el |mg fqelm el uqgaghf-

FUVEVfquVnfqgLmuqljg

Nfqg el lmuqljg el |mg fqelm el uqgaghf-

FUVMVfquVd`lulEfobcb`bf

D`lul el efobcb`bf-

FUVMVfquVelsc|lmuf

Elsc|lmuf-

FUVMVfquVofmufUfug`

Ofmuf ufug`-

FUVMVfquV{gjfC|lmug

[gjf el c|lmug-

FUVMVfquVt|l`uf[gjfT|l`uf el {gjf-

FUVMVfuqVufug`[gjf

Ufug` {gjf-

FUVMVfuqVcql\s|gqbf

\s|gqbf w|l cqlg l` qljbsuqf el `g uga`g-

FUVMVfquVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |mg fqelm el uqgaghf

FUVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |mg fqelm el uqgaghf-

FUVEVlsugef

Lsugef el fqelm-

UGA@G MFOAQL R ELSCQB[CBM EL CGO[FS

UEVelug``lCfo{qfagmul

ECVMVeluVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` elug``l el |m cfo{qfagmul-

ECVMVcfoVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` cfo{qfagmul el tlmug-

ECVMVeluVcgmubegeCgmubege el |m gquc|`f-

ECVMVeluVelsc|lmuf

Elsc|lmuf el cfo{qfagmul-

ECVMVeluVufug`

El|eg ufug`-

ECVTVeluVfaslqtgcbfm

Faslqtgcbm el` elug``l el |m cfo{qfagmul-

ECVMVeluVcql\s|gqbf

\s|gqbf w|l cqlg l` qljbsuqf el `g uga`g-ECVMVeluVlsugefQljbsuqf


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[gjbmg- 42

Lsugu|s el` elug``l el |m cfo{qfagmul-

ECVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el` elug``l el |m cfo{qfagmul-

ECVMVCfeG`ogclm

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m g`ogcm-ECVMVcfeGqubc|`f

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m gquc|`f-

ECVMV\mbegeOlebeg

\mbege el olebeg-

ECVMVfelV{qlcbfCfsufSf`ls

[qlcbf el cfsuf lm sf`ls-

ECVMVfelV{qlcbfCfsufEf`gqls

[qlcbf el cfsuf lm e`gqls-

ECVMVfelVbo{fqulSf`lsBo{fqul lm sf`ls-

ECVMVfelVbo{fqulEf`gqls

Bo{fqul lm ef`gqls-


UEVelug``lEfc|olmuf

EOVMVeleVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` elug``l el |m efc|olmuf-

EOVMVefoVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` oftboblmuf el |m efc|olmuf-

EOVTVeleVelscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbfm el` elug``l el |m efc|olmuf-

EOVTVeleVsbj`g

Gaqltbgu|qg f sbj`g el` elug``l el |m efc|olmuf-

EOVMVeleVcql\s|gqbf


EOVMVeleVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el` elug``l el |m efc|olmuf-

EOVEVdlcQljbsuqfDlcng el qljbsuqfs el` elug``l el |m efc|olmuf-


UEV elug``lDgcu|qg

EDVMVeldVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` elug``l el |mg dgcu|qg-

EDVMVdgcVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el `g dgcu|qg el cfo{qg-

EDVMV{qfVbeCebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m {qftllefq-


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[gjbmg- :;

EDVMVeldVcgmubege

Cgmubege el |m gquc|`f g cfo{qgq f tlmelq-

EDVMVeldV{qlcbf

[qlcbf-

EDVMVeldVbo{fqulBo{fqul el dgcu|qg-

EDVMVeldVelsc|lmuf

Elsc|lmuf-

EDVMVeldVufug`

Ufug` el elug``l-

EDVTVeldVfaslqtgcbfm

Faslqtgcbm el` elug``l el |mg dgcu|qg-

EDVMVeldVcql\s|gqbf


EDVMVeldVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el` elug``l el |mg dgcu|qg-

EDVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el` elug``l el |mg dgcu|qg-

EDVMVCfeGògclm

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m gògcm-


UEVfqelmElug``l

FEVMVfelVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` elug``l el |mg fqelm-

FEVMVfquVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |mg fqelm el uqgaghf-

FEVMVfelVcgmubege

Cgmubege-

FEVMVfelVelsc|lmuf

Elsc|lmuf-

FEVMVfelVcql\s|gqbf

\s|gqbf w|l cqlg l` qljbsuqf el `g uga`g-FEVMVfelVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el` elug``l el |mg fqelm-

FEVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el` elug``l el |mg fqelm-

FEVMVCfeGògclm


FEVMVcfeGqubc|`f

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m gquc|`f-

FEVMV\mbegeOlebeg


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[gjbmg- :7

\mbege Olebeg-

FEVMVfelV{qlcbfCfsufSf`ls

[qlcbf el cfsuf lm sf`ls-

FEVMVfelV{qlcbfCfsufEf`gqls

[qlcbf el cfsuf lm e`gqls-FEVMVfelVbo{fqulSf`ls

Bo{fqul lm sf`ls-

FEVMVfelVbo{fqulEf`gqls

Bo{fqul lm ef`gqls-


UEV ub{f\s|gqbfFahSbs

U\FSVMVu|fVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` ub{f el |s|gqbf el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

U\FSVMVub|VbeCebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` oftboblmuf el |m efc|olmuf-

U\FSVMVfasVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

U\FSVMVu|fVgcubtf

Gcubtgef-

U\FSVMVu|fVcql\s|gqbf


U\FSVMVu|fVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugef el qljbsuqf-

U\FSVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf-


UEV|s|gqbfC`gtl

\CVMV|scVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el `g c`gtl el |m |s|gqbf-

\CVMV|s|Vbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m |s|gqbf-

\CVMV|scVbuloulo el `g c`gtl el |m |s|gqbf-

\CVTV|scVc`gtl

C`gtl el |m |s|gqbf-

\CVEV|scVdlcng

Dlcng-

\CVMV|scVcql\s|gqbf


\CVMV|scVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el `g c`gtl el |m |s|gqbf-\CVEVdlcQljbsuqf


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[gjbmg- :1

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el `g c`gtl el |m |s|gqbf-


UEV |s|gqbf[|mufSlqtbcbf

\[SVMV|{sVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` {|muf el slqtbcbf el |m |s|gqbf-\[SVMV|s|Vbe


\[SVMV{|sVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-

\[SVMV{|sVcql\s|gqbf


\[SVMV{|sVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el` {|muf el slqtbcbf el |m |s|gqbf-

\[SVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el` {|muf el slqtbcbf el |m |s|gqbf-


UOVGògclm

G@VMVCfeGògclm


G@VTVElscqb{cbfmGògclm

Mfoaql f elscqb{cbm el` gògcm-

G@VMVD`gjLsugef

Lsugu|s el` gògcm-G@VTV\s|gqbf

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` |s|gqbf-

G@VEVDlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el` gògcm-


UOVG{lqu|qgCghg

GCVMV{|sVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-GCVMVCfeCghlqf

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m cghlqf-

GCVMVDlcngG{lqu|qg

Dlcng el g{lqu|qg el |mg cghg-

GCVMVCfeU|qmf

Cebjf el u|qmf el |mg cghg g{lqu|qgeg-

GCVMVOfmufG{lqu|qg

Ofmuf el ebmlqf w|l sl gsbjmg g |mg cghg g{lqu|qgeg-

GCVMVUb{fCgoabfSf`ls

Ub{f el cgoabf el ebmlqf lm sf`ls


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[gjbmg- :3

GCVMVUb{fCgoabfEf`gqls

Ub{f el cgoabf el ebmlqf lm e`gqls-

GCVMVD`gjSbu|gcbfm

Sbu|gcbm-

GCVMVDlcngCblqql

Dlcng el cblqqg el |mg cghg g{lqu|qgeg-

GCVEVDlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |mg cghg-

GCVTV\s|gqbf

Mfoaql el |s|gqbf el |mg cghg-

GCVMVD`gjLsugef

Lsugu|s el |mg cghg g{lqu|qgeg-


UOVGqubc|`f

GVMVcfeGqubc|`f

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` gquc|`f-

GVTVmfoGqubc|`f

Mfoaql f elscqb{cbm el` gquc|`f

GVTVCfe@bmlg

Cfebjf el `mlg-

GVTVCfeS|a@bmlg

Cfebjf el s|a `mlg-

GVTVCfeBJT

Cebjf el BJT-

GVTV\mbegeTlmug

\mbege el tlmug-

GVMVofmVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m ub{f el ofmleg-

GVMV[qlcbf

[qlcbf el` gquc|`f-

GVTV\mbegeSufci

Cgmubege el gquc|`fs lm sufci-GVMVdgcufqCfmtlqsbfm

Dgcufq cfmtlqsbm-

GVMV[lsf\mbugqbf

[lsf el` gquc|`f-

GVMVD`gjTg`fqbxgef

Tg`fqbxgef-

GVMV[qlcbfCfsufSf`ls

[qlcbf el cfsuf lm sf`ls el |m gquc|`f-

GVMV[qlcbfCfsufEf`gqls


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[gjbmg- :5

[qlcbf el cfsuf lm e`gqls el |m gquc|`f-

GVMV[qlcbfCfsufL|qfs

[qlcbf el cfsuf lm l|qfs el |m gquc|`f-

GVMVUb{fGqubc|`f

Ub{f el gqubc|`f-GVMVCfeG`ogclm


GVMVDg`jCfobsbfmga`l

Cfobsbfmga`l-

GVMV[fqclmughlCfobsbfmCfmugef

[fqclmughl el cfobsbm g` cfmugef {fq tlmug el |m gquc|`f-

GVMV[fqclmughlCfobsbfmCqlebuf

[fqclmughl el cfobsbm el cqebuf {fq tlmug el |m gquc|`f-

GVTVCfebjfAgqqg

Cebjf el agqqg el |m gquc|`f-

GVTVQ|ugDfuf

Q|ug el `g dfufjqgdg el` gquc|`f-

GVMVD`gjLsugef

Lsugu|s el` gquc|`f-

GVTV\s|gqbf


GVEVDlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m gquc|`f-

GVMV{|sVbe



UOVCghlqf

CGVMVcfeCghlqf

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` cghlqf-

CGVTVElscqb{cbfmCghlqf

Elscqb{cbm el` cghlqf-CGVEVDlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el` cghlqf-

CGVTV\s|gqbf

Mfoaql el` cghlqf-

CGVMVD`gjLsugef

Lsugu|s el` cghlqf-


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[gjbmg- :;

j|qV{`gcgUqgms{fqul

[`gcg el` tlnc|`f el uqgms{fqul-

j|qVclqubdbcgefUqgms{fqul

Clqubdbcgef el` Uqgms{fqul-

j|qV`bclmcbgUqgms{fqul@bclmcbg el cfme|cbq el` cnfdlq f uqgms{fqubsug-

j|qV{lsfUfug`

[lsf ufug` el` gquc|`f-

j|qVcfsufUqgs`gef

Cfsuf el uqgs`gef el` gquc|`f-

j|qVfaslqtgcbfm

Faslqtgcbm el` uqgms{fqul f gqubc|`f-

j|qVcql\s|gqbf


j|qVcqlDlcng

Dlcng el cqlgcbm-

j|qVofe\s|gqbf

\s|gqbf w|l ofebdbcf-

j|qVofeDlcng

Dlcng el ofebdbcgcbm-

j|qVel`\s|gqbf

\s|gqbf w|l l`bobmf-j|qVel`Dlcng

Dlcng el l`bobmgcbm-

j|qVub{fQljbsuqf

Ub{f el qljbsuqf-

j|qVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el `g j|g el qlobsbm-


UOVofmleg

OVMVofmVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m ub{f el ofmleg-

OVTVofmVelscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbm el` ub{f el ofmleg-

OVTVofmVsbj`g

Gaqltbgu|qg f sbj`g el |m ub{f el ofmleg-

OVMVofmVcql\s|gqbf


OVMVofmVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el` ub{f el ofmleg-


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[gjbmg- >7

UOVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el `g ofmleg-


UOVfahlufSbsulog

FSVMVfasVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

FSVMVfasVel{lmelmcbg

El{lmelmcbg el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

FSVMVfasVmbtl`

Mbtl` el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

FSVMVfasVfqelm

Fqelm el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

FSVTVfasVelscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbm el` fahluf el` sbsulog-FSVTVfasV|q`

\Q@ el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

FSVTVfasVbcfmf

Bcfmf el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

FSVMVfasVcql\s|gqbf


FSVMVfasVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el` fahluf el` sbsulog-

FSVEVdlcQljbsuqfDlcng el qljbsuqf el` fahluf el` sbsulog-


UOV{|mufSlqtbcbf

[SVMV{|sVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` {|muf el slqtbcbf-

[SVMVcloVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` cgqjf el` lo{`lgef-

[SVMV|abVbeCebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el `g |abcgcbm jlfjqdbcg el` {|muf elslqtbcbf-

[SVTV{|sVmfoaql[|muf

Mfoaql el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-

[SVTV{|sVsbj`g

Gaqltbgu|qg f sbj`g el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-

[SVTV{|sVqls{fmsga`l

Lo{`lgef qls{fmsga`l el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-

[SVTV{|sVebqlccbfm

Ebqlccbm el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-


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[gjbmg- >1

[SVTV{|sVul`ldfmf

Molqf el ul`dfmf el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-

[SVTV{|sVdg~

Molqf el dg~ el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-

[SVMV{|sVcql\s|gqbf\s|gqbf w|l cqlg l` qljbsuqf el `g uga`g-

[SVMV{|sVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-

[SVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m {|muf el slqtbcbf-


UOV{|muf\s|gqbf

[\VMV|{sVbeCebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el` {|muf el |m |s|gqbf-

[\VMV|s|Vbe


[\VMV{|sVbe


[\VMV|s|Vcql\s|gqbf


[\VEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el` {|muf el |m |s|gqbf-

[\VMVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el` {|muf el |m |s|gqbf-


UOVslj|qbege

SVMVsljVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el `g slj|qbege el` sbsulog-

SVTVsljVelscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbm el` ub{f el slj|qbege-

SVMVsljVcql\s|gqbf\s|gqbf w|l cqlg l` qljbsuqf el `g uga`g-

SVMVsljVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |m ub{f el slj|qbege

SVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m ub{f el slj|qbege-


UOVub{fCgoabf UCVMVubcVbeCebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el ub{f el cgoabf-


83/145


[gjbmg- >3

UCVMVubcV{qlcbfCfo{qg

[qlcbf el cfo{qg lm sf`ls el |m ub{f el cgoabf-

UCVMVubcV{qlcbfTlmug

[qlcbf el tlmug lm sf`ls el |m ub{f el cgoabf-

UCVEVubcVdlcng

Dlcng lm w|l sl qlg`bx |m ub{f el cgoabf el ebmlqf-

UCVMVubcVcql\s|gqbf


UCVMVubcVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |m ub{f el cgoabf-

UCVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m ub{f el cgoabf-


UOVub{fEfc|olmufBelmubege

UEBVMVuebVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m ub{f el efc|olmuf el belmubege el |mg{lqsfmg-

UEBVTVuebVelscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbm el |m ub{f el efc|olmuf el belmubege-

UEBVTVuebVsbj`g

Gaqltbgu|qg f sbj`g el |m ub{f el efc|olmuf el belmubege-

UEBVMVuebVgmcnf

Gmcnf f ugogf el |m ub{f el efc|olmuf el belmubege-

UEBVMVuebVcql\s|gqbf


UEBVMVuebVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |m ub{f el efc|olmuf el belmubege-

UEVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m ub{f el efc|olmuf el belmubege-


UOVub{fOftboblmuf

UOVMVuboVbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m ub{f el oftboblmuf-

UOVTVuboVelscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbm el |m ub{f el oftboblmuf-

UOVTVuboVsbj`g

Gaqltbgu|qg f sbj`g el |m ub{f el oftboblmuf-

UOVMVuboVcql\s|gqbf


UOVMVuboVlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |m ub{f el oftboblmuf-


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[gjbmg- >5

UOVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m ub{f el oftboblmuf-


UOVub{f[lqsfmg

U[VMVub{Vbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m ub{f el {lqsfmg-

U[VTVub{Velscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbm el |m ub{f el {lqsfmg-

U[VMVub{Vcql\s|gqbf


U[VMVub{VlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |m ub{f el {lqsfmg-

U[VEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m ub{f el {lqsfmg-


UOVub{f[qfe|cuf

U[VMVub{Vbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m ub{f el {qfe|cuf-

U[VTVub{Velscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbm el |m ub{f el {qfe|cuf-

U[VMVub{Vcql\s|gqbf

\s|gqbf w|l cqlg l` qljbsuqf el `g uga`g-U[VMVub{VlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |m ub{f el {qfe|cuf-

U[VEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m ub{f el {qfe|cuf-


UOVub{f\s|gqbf

U\VMVub|Vbe

Cebjf el belmubdbcgcbm el |m ub{f el |s|gqbf-

U\VTVub|Velscqb{cbfm

Elscqb{cbm el |m ub{f el |s|gqbf-

U\VTVub|Vfaslqtgcbfm

Faslqtgcbm el |m ub{f el |s|gqbf-

U\VMVub|Vcql\s|gqbf


U\VMVub|VlsugefQljbsuqf

Lsugu|s el |m ub{f el |s|gqbf-

UOVEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el |m ub{f el |s|gqbf-


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\VEV|s|Vdlcng

Dlcng el cqlgcbm el` |s|gqbf-

\VMV|s|Vcql\s|gqbf


\VMV|s|VlsugefQljbsuqfLsugu|s el` |s|gqbf-

\VEVdlcQljbsuqf

Dlcng el qljbsuqf el` |s|gqbf-


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4-/ CG[BU\@F TB8 LTG@\GCBFM EL@ [QFRLCUF

@g bo{fqugmcbg el ltg`|gq |m {qfrlcuf qgebcg lm l` nlcnf el lsuga`lclq sb l` {qfrlcuf lm

olmcbm {qbolqgolmul ls tbga`l f mf r lm slj|mef `|jgq {gqg lsuga`lclq sb ls qlmuga`l sb tg gjlmlqgq jgmgmcbgs f {qebegs {gqg w|blmls {qfo|ltgm ebcng bmtlqsbm-

@fs egufs cfm `fs c|`ls sl mlclsbug cfmugq {gqg qlg`bxgq l` lsu|ebf el `g dgcubab`bege lcfmobcg

f lsu|ebf cfsuf&almldbcbf cfof ugoabm sl `l elmfobmg sfm gw|l``fs qldlqbefs g `g bmtlqsbm

`fs cfsufs r almldbcbfs w|l cgeg lsclmgqbf ``ltg gsfcbgef-

@g bmtlqsbm sl ql`gcbfmg cfm ufefs gw|l``fs elsloaf`sfs lm w|l ls {qlcbsf bmc|qqbq {gqg `g

bmcfq{fqgcbm el` sbsulog g `g fqjgmbxgcbm- Ls elcbq ufefs gw|l``fs jlmlqgefs e|qgmul s|

elsgqqf``f r gmuls el s| {|lsug lm f{lqgcbm q|ubmgqbg- [|lel bmc`|bq g`j|mfs el `fs sbj|blmuls

gs{lcufs8

Elsloaf`sfs ql`gubtfs g` elsgqqf``f el` sbsulog- Elsloaf`sfs `bjgefs g cfms|`ufqgs- Elsloaf`sfs ql`gubtfs g gew|bsbcbm l bmsug`gcbm el lw|b{fs- Elsloaf`sfs ql`gcbfmgefs cfm `g ofebdbcgcbm el` goablmul mlclsgqbf {gqg l`

lw|b{goblmuf-

Elsloaf`sfs elqbtgefs el `g gew|bsbcbm el sfduzgql- Elsloaf`sfs cfqqls{fmeblmuls g `g bmsug`gcbm el lw|b{fs el cfo|mbcgcbm- Elsloaf`sfs gsfcbgefs g `g asw|leg r cfmuqgugcbm el {lqsfmg`- Elsloaf`sfs ql`gubtfs g ofebdbcgcbm el sfduzgql {gqg goablmul g{qf{bgefs- Elsloaf`sfs g bmc|qqbq {gqg {ql{gqgq `g efc|olmugcbm- Elsloaf`sfs `bjgefs g `g Slj|qbege el` {qfclsf el elsgqqf``f-

@fs almldbcbfs r `fs cfsufs sl qldblqlm g gw|l``fs bmjqlsfs r ljqlsfs w|l sl ls{lqg w|l sl

jlmlqlm e|qgmul `g f{lqgcbm q|ubmgqbg el` sbsulog-

Lmuql `fs almldbcbfs w|l {|lel jlmlqgq |m sbsulog bmdfqoubcf sl {|lel olmcbfmgq `fs

sbj|blmuls8

Almldbcbfs elqbtgefs el `g ebsobm|cbm el nfqgs&nfoaql- Almldbcbfs elqbtgefs el olmfqls ugsgs el lqqfqls- Almldbcbfs elqbtgefs el ogrfqls dgcb`begels {gqg qlc|{lqgq r g`ogclmgq egufs-


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Almldbcbfs elqbtgefs el` g|olmuf lm `g cg{gcbege el gògclmgoblmuf- Almldbcbfs elqbtgefs el `g ogrfq slj|qbege lm l` gògclmgoblmuf- Almldbcbfs elqbtgefs el `fs m|ltfs c`blmuls gulmebefs cfof cfmslc|lmcbg el `g ogrfq r

olhfq cg{gcbege f{lqgubtg-

Almldbcbfs elqbtgefs el` ebs{fmlq el olhfq r os f{fqu|mg bmdfqogcbm {gqg `g ufog elelcbsbfmls-

Lm jlmlqg` slq almldbcbfsf ufef `f w|l sbjmbdbw|l gnfqqf el cfsufs-

Lmuql `fs {qbmcb{g`ls ulos el cfsufs cgal elsugcgq `fs sbj|blmuls8

Cfsuf el f{lqgcbm el sbsulog- Cfsufs el ogmulmcbm el` sbsulog-

Cfsufs el g`w|b`lq- Cfsufs el el{qlcbgcbm el` ngqezgql- Cfsufs el cg{bug`-

Lm lsl slmubef cfm qls{lcuf g `g bo{`lolmugcbm el` {qlslmul {qfrlcuf bmdfqoubcf cgal

qlsgùgq w|l l` lw|b{f el elsgqqf``f lsu cfmdfqogef {fq |s|gqbfs r ls{lcbg`bsugs gsbobsof sl

lsubog w|l {gqg `g faulmcbm el` sbsulog sl qlw|blql mf sf`f el` uqgaghf el |m {qfdlsbfmg`

ls{lcbg`bsug lm ebslf sbmf ugoabm el efs {qfdlsbfmg`ls g ublo{f cfo{`luf e|qgmul uqls olsls

{gqg `g bo{`lolmugcbm-

@fs elsloaf`sfs gsfcbgefs g `gs ugqlgs el gm`bsbs ebslf bo{`lolmugcbm r {q|lag g`cgmxgm g

S&- 43;;-

Cfof sf{fqul l` sbsulog qlw|blql el |m lw|b{goblmuf el sfduzgql lw|btg`lmul g S&- >1;;-

Sl lsubog ugoabm w|l l` d|mcbfmgoblmuf el` sbsulog lm s| f{lqgcbm mfqog` jlmlqgq |m

gnfqqf el cfsufs el S&-


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[gjbmg- >2

Bmtlqsbm

CFMCL[UF CFSUF .S&-"

Sfduzgql

Zbmefzs Slqtlq 1;;3 1;;

Tbs|g` Su|ebf 1;;> 3;;;SW@ Slqtlq 1;;> ;

Olhfqg el elcbsbfmls G|olmuf el Tlmugs 1;;;;

Ufug` @mlg Agsl 14,


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[gjbmg- 2;

Bmsuq|olmufs el Ltg`|gcbm

Tg`fq Gcu|g` Mluf .TGM"

Ls |m bmebcgefq dbmgmcblqf w|l obel `fs d`|hfs el `fs d|u|qfs bmjqlsfs r ljqlsfs w|l ulmeq |m

{qfrlcuf {gqg elulqobmgq sb `|ljf el elscfmugq `g bmtlqsbm bmbcbg` mfs w|legqg g`j|mg

jgmgmcbg- Sb l` qls|`ugef ls {fsbubtf l` {qfrlcuf ls tbga`l-

Agsug cfm ng``gq TGM el |m {qfrlcuf el bmtlqsbm {gqg sgalq sb ebcnf {qfrlcuf ls tbga`l f mf-

L` Tg`fq Gcu|g` Mluf ugoabm mfs {lqobul elulqobmgq c|` {qfrlcuf ls l` os qlmuga`l lmuql

tgqbgs f{cbfmls el bmtlqsbm- Bmc`|sf sb g`j|blm mfs fdqlcl cfo{qgq m|lsuqf mljfcbf cfm lsul

bmebcgefq {felofs elulqobmgq sb l` {qlcbf fdqlcbef lsu {fq lmcbog f {fq elaghf el `f w|l

jgmgqgofs el mf tlmelq`f s| dqo|`g el c`c|`f ls8

mTGM ? Y Db & .7 ) i"

b _ / B;b?7

Efmel8

D ? D`|hf el` {lqbfef

i ? Ugsg el qlmeboblmuf elslgef

B; ? Bmtlqsbm bmbcbg`

m ? Tbeg ub` el` {qfrlcuf

b ? [lqbfef gmg`bxgef

Ugsg Bmulqmg el Qlufqmf .UBQ"

Ls `g ugsg el elsc|lmuf el |m {qfrlcuf el bmtlqsbm w|l {lqobul w|l l` almldbcbf mluf

gcu|g`bxgef slg bj|g` g `g bmtlqsbm bmbcbg` c|gmef l` TGM sl ngcl clqf mf ngr jgmgmcbg mb

{qebeg {gqg g` {qfrlcuf- C|gmuf ogrfq slg sug ugsg el `g w|l |sgofs {gqg elscfmugq ogrfq

ogqjlm el almldbcbf ublml l` {qfrlcuf-

Sb l` UBQ ls bj|g` f bmdlqbfq g `g ugsg elslgeg el qlmeboblmuf l` {qfrlcuf mf elalqg qlg`bxgqsl

{|lsuf w|l mf ngr ogqjlm el jgmgmcbg {gqg `g bmtlqsbm-[gqg ng``gq `g UBQ ngclofs |sf el `g dqo|`g el` TGM s`f w|l lm tlx el ng``gq l` TGM l`

c|g` qllo{`gxgofs {fq clqf lsugqgofs ng``gmef `g ugsg el elsc|lmuf8

TGM ? ;

m; ? TGM ? Y Db & .7 ) i"

b _ / B;b?7


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[gjbmg- 27

m Y Db & .7 ) i"

b _ ? B;b?7

Efmel8

D ? D`|hf el` {lqbfef

i ? Ugsg el qlmeboblmuf elslgef

B; ? Bmtlqsbm bmbcbg`

m ? Tbeg ub` el` {qfrlcuf

b ? [lqbfef gmg`bxgef

[lqbfef el Qlc|{lqgcbm .[LQ"

Mfs ofsuqgq l` ublo{f w|l e|qgq lm qlc|{lqgqsl `g bmtlqsbm bmbcbg` r `fs elsloaf`sfs w|l slnbcblqfm g` bmbcbf el` {qfrlcuf- Ublml `g tlmughg el w|l g` ofolmuf el cfo{gqgqsl cfm fuqg

f{cbm el bmtlqsbm {feqlofs faulmlq c|g` sl qlc|{lqg os q{begolmul r w|l {fq cfmsbj|blmul

ls olmfs qblsjfsg {gqg `g bmsubu|cbm-

Ofmuf el `g Bmtlqsbm Bmbcbg`[LQ ? //////////////////////////////////////

D`|hf el Cghg Gm|g`

@g ltg`|gcbm el` {qlslmul {qfrlcuf sl ``ltgq g cgaf |ub`bxgmef TGM UBQ r [LQ

cfmsbelqgmef {lqfefs gm|g`ls r |mg tbeg ub` el` {qfrlcuf elmuqf el cbmcf gfs g` cgaf el `fs

c|g`ls mf l~bsul tg`fq qlsbe|g`-

Tg`fq Gcu|g` Mluf el [qfrlcuf

Sb sl cfmsbelqg |mg ugsg el elsc|lmuf f cfsuf el cg{bug` el |m 7;, gm|g` l` TGM slq8

TGM ? / 75


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[gjbmg- 21

75


93/145


[gjbmg- 23

:-/ CG[BU\@F TBB8 CFMC@\SBFMLS R QLCFOLMEGCBFMLS

4-7- Cfmc`|sbfmls8

L` g{fqul el lsug ulsbs ls bmtlsubjgubtf r olufef`jbcf-

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ulcmf`jbcf el lo{qlsg el `g c|g` elsgqqf``gofs l` sbsulog-

Olufef`jbcf {fqw|l sl sbj|blqfm {qfcleboblmufs fqjgmbxgefs w|l {lqobublqfm ltg`|gq

l` lsugef ulcmf`jbcf l bmmftgubtf el |mg lo{qlsg ql{qlslmugmul el` slcufq cfolqcbg` r

g s| tlx {qf{fmlq |m {`gm el olhfqg lm l` cgo{f el `g bmmftgcbm ulcmf`jbcg-

4-1- Qlcfolmegcbfmls8

Ls bo{fqugmul elsugcgq w|l `gs qlcfolmegcbfmls el lsug ulsbs tgm ebqbjbegs g `gs

lo{qlsgs cfolqcbg`ls {gqg w|l ulmjgm lm olmul sblo{ql |mg tbsbm g d|u|qf el`

mljfcbf r olebgmul `g bo{`lolmugcbm el `g {qf{|lsug el` Sbsulog elsgqqf``l |mg

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`fs lo{`lgefs lm l` d|u|qf el `g fqjgmbxgcbm r `ls g`blmul g dfqogq {gqul el `gdfqogcbm l bo{`lolmugcbm-

[gqg f{ubobxgq l` elsgqqf``f el {qfe|cufs ls mlclsgqbf {gqubq el |mg a|lmg eldbmbcbm r

lsuq|cu|qgcbm el` {qfclsf `g c|g` elal bmc`|bq `g |ub`bxgcbm el lw|b{fs

o|`ubd|mcbfmg`ls |m d|lqul `belqgxjf el` hldl el {qfrlcuf l` slj|boblmuf r g{frf

clqcgmf el `g Jlqlmcbg Jlmlqg` r `g |ub`bxgcbm el nlqqgoblmugs gcu|g`bxgegs-

Lm jlmlqg` cfmsbelqgofs |mg a|lmg l~{lqblmcbg l` elsgqqf``gq lsul {qfrlcuf rg w|l slelsgqqf`` |m sbsulog {gqg |mg lo{qlsg m|ltg lm l` olqcgef lm `g c|g` cfmsbelqgofs

c|lsubfmls el cg`bege olhfqg ogmulmboblmuf bo{`gmugcbm {`gm el jgqgmug luc- W|l

mf n|ablqgm sbef cfmsbelqgegs lm `g cfmcl{cbm fqbjbmg` el` {qfrlcuf bmbcbg`-

Ls bo{fqugmul w|l `g lo{qlsg sl{g elsel |m {qbmcb{bf w|l g` g{`bcgq `g {qf{|lsug el

bmmftgcbm ulcmf`jbcg lsug ulmeq slmubef s`f sb `l {qf{fqcbfmg almldbcbfs

lcfmobcfs w|l ulmeqm w|l slq olebefs {fq `g lo{qlsg-


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Qldlqlmcbgs Aba`bfjqdbcgs

nuu{8&&zzz-zbib{lebg-fqj

nuu{8&&osem-obcqfsfdu-cfo&ls/ls&`baqgqr&gg127:/lebubfms
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[gjbmg- 2

Sb sl bmjqls `fs egufs el gcclsf cfqqlcugolmul l` sbsulog o|lsuqg `g bmulqdgx jqdbcgefmel sl {feq sl`lccbfmgq `g s|c|qsg` cfqqls{fmeblmul g` |s|gqbf r {|`sgq l` afumGcl{ugq- Tlq Dbj|qg 3-

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{qbmcb{g` cfof lm `fs s|aolms-Lm lsul olm {qbmcb{g` l` |s|gqbf ebs{fml el 4 oe|`fs r cgeg |mf el l``fs cfmublmls|aolms g `fs c|g`ls sl {|lel gcclelq egmef c`bc sfaql l``fs cfm l` Of|sl cfm ugmsf`f {gsgq l` of|sl sfaql l` oe|`f sl ofsuqgq `fs s|aolms cfqqls{fmeblmulsngcblmef |m c`bc sl o|lsuqg l` dfqo|`gqbf- Cgeg |mf el lsufs s|aolms ql{qlslmug `fsoe|`fs w|l sl l~{`bcgm g cfmubm|gcbm8 Tlq `g sbj|blmul dbj|qg


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[gjbmg- 22

@g {qbolqg f{cbm el` olm {qbmcb{g` ls l` oe|`f Slj|qbege c|lmug cfm sbluls|aolms {gqg ulmlq gcclsf g `gs f{cbfmls el c|g`w|blq s|aolm {qbolqf sl`lccbfmllm l` olm {qbmcb{g` `g f{cbm Slj|qbege `|ljf {feq sl`lccbfmgq c|g`w|blq s|aolmebs{fmba`l w|l sfm8 \s|gqbf Cfmuqgslg el \s|gqbf Dfqo|`gqbfs @fcg` el \s|gqbf

[lqdb` el \s|gqbf Ub{f el \s|gqbf r @fcg`ls sljm slg l` cgsf- Cfof sl o|lsuqg lm `gdbj|qg 4-


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[gjbmg- 7;1

Slj|qbege / \s|gqbfs

L` Geobmbsuqgefq ls l` |mbcf w|l ublml cfmuqf` ufug` el gcclsf g ufef `fs olm|s rs|aolm|s el` sbsulog-

L` olm Slj|qbege cfmsug el sblul s|aolms8

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Gjqljgq \s|gqbf

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[gjbmg- 7;3

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Ofebdbcgq \s|gqbf

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L`bobmgq \s|gqbf

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Slj|qbege / Cfmuqgslg el \s|gqbf

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