cultura, lenguaje y cognición: algunos aspectos

8/18/2019 Cultura, lenguaje y cognición: algunos aspectos

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cultura, lenguaje y cogniciÓn:algunos aspectos

Daniel Martínez de Oliveira*

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>?@ >@[email protected]""#"2 $"5: ?@@=@R, =?, @?T?.

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K7 6/%2: ?@@=@, =?, @?@?.

E= ? @ ? ? =T? =?@ @ ?-= = @==@ = =? >?@ ?@ ?T? @? = @?T? ==. ? ? M ?= ? @? ? T? =@M > R.' M>? ? ?T? @, @? =U? @ @?=. A? = > @?@@, ?@ @ ? @ ?@ @@ @ @ ?@. $@ @ @? @>@ ? >@? =T?, = = @ >R@ @@. E? = @, @?=@ >M ? = >@ =@T@ ? = = H@ @ = A?@@=@R.

@?T? = T? M ? @?@ = >T? =, =? @?T? ?? ? ?>@ @>=@ =@ @ ??

? > ? == ? @?T? =@ H>?@ ? @>= @=,==, @=T, @=T @=. C@>@ @?=T? =? = @?T? @? @ M>@ ?@?? @? @ @ = =? >?@.

* A?@T=@@ ?@ = !@ A@=@R IU, = I?@ B=S@ !@(IBA!), !?@ C= B=. D@@?@ = $@> $@@ ? A?@@=@R. ?- F= F=>??, J, B=.

% = = ? > > @@ !R $ GR-G= @ @ ?= @ = H@ = A@=@R ? ES ? @ = >?@. $- @ ?T ?@ = @ ?= = ? YC44" C/*;/Z ? = ?@

> 2012, ? = $@> $@@ ? A?@@=@R = ? F= F=>??,R@ J?@, B=; > R = @@ JU=@ @ @?> ? @?@ @? =>.

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A>M, = @?T? U? ?= @ M @=R@ = >@>?@ @@ ? @=@?T? = ?>?@.

E= @>?@ ?= = T? @ = =T? =@ -@ @ = >, @? = ?= ? ? =T? ? >@@ ? ?@?. @ > =@ @? ==@ ? >M =@ @@ ?@.

* * *

? = ?= ?? = >@ @ @@=T?, = @?T? = = =? = @?T? M? R?>>?=@?@ ? R. @ @ M? >>@ ?=@ @? = ?=?.#@ =@ @ ?= ? = T? @ =? @>@ - = ? >?@ @?@ ?, M?@?@ ?=>? ? = =?- @>M@. ' R = @ =?/@> @= X >-?X ? @ ?@ T? = >?@.

? = @?@ = =? =, ? = = =? =@, = @?T? M?>? @? =>?@ = ? >? ? @>@ =?-. E ?T? ? = =? = @?T? @ ? = R- ?@ = H@> ? @ @=, =? ? ?@ ==? @>@=@. E== ?>?? @ @@ ? ?@? ? @=@R, ?@-?, =@?@@=@R, =?VR ?@@=@R @= ==.

H@ R @??=, ? = >@R =@ ?@T=@@ T=@@, = ->?@ ?@ = U?@ =@ > @ @? ?=?, = ?=-

? ?@ M @? >? U?>? =?=. H@ >P? @?@ =-? @>? ?@ >?, @>@ = ?@, , ? @, @?? >? ?=? @? ? = @ ??@. !M ==M @, ? >@, -? @ ?>= X? =@ = @@ > @X @? @== =? @>? ? , ? ?==, >M @=@ >= =T (!<?@, 1996).

?=? @@, >>@, = @=T? =@ @@ @ @?, @ @ =@ @ >? ?@ ?@ @>R?@ // 2"0*2 (D@? & "@=, 1993) ? =@ = ?@T=@@ G@ B@? =?, ?=>? @ = #*/ (B-

@?, 1986) =@ @@ = T? T?. E= #*/ ? ?? >@ @? ?@@ @ = >@ >? @ = ?; = >?, = @>?T? = ?@@ = >@ >? @? = M=@@ = > ?@>@ @ B@? @>@ Y@M@Z, == = >@,>? = @ ?P@ > =? =@? @R @.

A>M, = =? R?>>? @?@ = @@ @-==@ = P? @?T? >? @@ @, R @>@ = -@==@ >>@ = @>@>?@ = >?@ ? @ @= (G@?,1993). ' , ? = >> >, = @?T? = =? M? ?R?>?- @?@ @ = @ @?T? ?= = @ = @ >?@, @ R = @>@ ? ? P @@ = @?>@.

A=?@ @ =@ @? ? A=> @ = T=@@ D?= K>-= (K>=, 1993), @ >=@, ?@ ?? ? @?T?. A P

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>?@ ? =@ = =@ ? @? R? ? = ?@> =?@ @@ = >? @>@ =@ =, = @ @ >? ? @=-T? ? ? = =? = = =? =@, ? = @T? ?@ = ?T?.

@ U=>@ >@? > ? @? = = @@ >?= ? @>@ ?@?@= ?= @=>? @ @ ? @?T?. @-T? > ? @?@= ?= @>U? ? = = =?, =@ @ =>?=T? @@ (G@?, 1993).

# ?@?, = ==T? = @ >?@ (F=<,1993), ?@ @? @ >? = @>?T? = @=T? @@=T ==? ? =@ >?@. ' , @ >=@, @ @> > @?? >@@ ?@ ? ==T?. AR, =@ @? ??, ? @>@,>@ >S@ = = >@R = >. E= T=@@ D? F=< ?- ?T? = R = @==@ @=@ =@ @>R?-@ ? .

'U? @, ? =@?@@=T = ==T? = -@ >?@, ? @@ @=@, @ = =@ @ (@ = @T? >?) = =@ @ (@ = @==@ = =? =@). L ?? >M @?T? =? ? >?@ @? ?@=,? =@ >?@, ? P@ . ? >M ?>@ = @ -@ = #*/ @>@ @? ?@ @ B@?.

E @ = @ @=@ ?@ @ ? = @ @>T? =@? = ? = >@ ?. D >@@, >@ = ?S@

? ?@=>?@ @?@, ?@ @ @?? ? = ?= ?? ? >@ @>= ? = ?T? ? =T? =@ P =@ >?>@ (B@, 1996). D ? >? @ @, ? > =? ? = @ >? = >?@ ==? =@, ??? ? ?=@ ? =@ >?@ =? -, = , ? ? S@ >@ @ S@ (G@?, 1993).

H>? @ ? @, >?, @>@ =@ ?@@ @=@ >P? ? = =? ? = @?T?. $@>@?, ?@?, ? = ?=?: 1) @>@ >=T? @?@>?@ ? = ?- ?? >= S@ =T? ?= (?=@ ?@ @

@=T@ =@?P@), = Y> @M@Z B@?; 2) ?-?@ @=@? @=> (?=@ ?@ M@ ?), >P? @>@=?@ @ = @ M 7 N"4"". E>@ =?@ >P? = **-

$*" 0/$*" = **$*" $*<*$", U? = @@T? G@, >M ==M ? >T?

... @@ =@ ?>@ >@ = ?>? ?=? @?= >@ -@ ?? >==@? S@ ??T? ?P = =T? ?= = > @> ? = (G@, 1996, . 21) [T"%4$*%/ 0/

"4/!.

'? >@, R ? @ > >@? = > ? T?. ' ? @R@@ ?>@ = >> @?= ? ?=? ?P @=@? @-

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=>, ??>@ = @ = T? = ?=? @-?= ? P= M>@ @@==, ? =@ >@ ?>@ ? @?@->?@ > ?? @ R>? @ @ Y=?T?Z ->@=T@. @=>@ > >M =?.

T? = @?@>?@ >P? =@? = T? @ = =?- @>@ R=@ T?, T? ? ?T? @>?@?=. A? ?=? = @ ? @>? =?VR, ?@ @@ @?@->?@ =?VR@ ? ? =? ==?@ =, ? =P@ @@, =@ ?=? =@ @ >?@ @ = ? @ = =@?@=.

E@ ? ? = @@ = @=@R ? ?= ? ?, = >? @>@ == ? ==. I?=@ = @@ Y>@=Z =?= =@ @@ @?@ M >? @?@ = >@ ==? = ?=? @==.

C@?@? @ R? @ =@, >@, @ ?-@ @>@ F? B@ @ B?>? +@. ' = >@ ? = ?@T? = = ?T? = =, = ?@ > ? @> ?->?@ R ? ? = =?.

AR B@ = =? R @>@ ? @@ =@@ ? @??- = @? = = >?= @=. L= @ ? @ ?@, = = ?-T? >@ ? =@ ?R? ?@>?@, @T @ P>-?@ ? =@ ?@> ? >>@ ?>=, = ? = @?@ ==T? = ? = ?>= = ?@ ? = T?.

A= +==> @? H>@= H>?? '?=, P= @ = ?? = =? @>@ @?@?? = W"2$"44 (@? = >?@) =@=@ = =? X@ , @>@ @ @, = @> -=@?>?@ =?VR@ @ ? = >?>@ = @ ?

R @=@?.E? @ YA=?@ @ =@=T@ = ?T? ?@@=TZ (B@,

2004 1905), @ >=@, ? = ? == ? ? = =@?T @M ? = ?M= @>?T? = @=> = =? ?-=. $@ @@ =@, R ? = @> @=T @ ==>? >-

@. =>@, ? = >>@ @ Y@ >M >@? @ -=@ , = , = @?@>?@ = ? ?>?= = R = = >? ? @@ = >?@ = ? R = >?Z (B@,2004 1905, . 227) [T"%4$*%/ 0/ "4/!.

A@ @? = ?@ @ ?@, +@, = =? @-@? ? = ?@ ?T? @ @?@ @>@ ?@. $@@, ?@ ?@>>@ =@, =@ =>@. 'U? P=, Y@=@ =@ -? ?@? =@ P = >?@, @?@ = @? - ... ?@ = =Z (D?, 2004, . 137) [T"%4$*%/ 0/ "4/!.

E? = @==@ T, @ = >M ? = ? ? =?>?@. C?@ >M @>= = >M, R, >M @>=@ = ?>?@. $@@, P= @? >@ =@ @ Y=@ >@Z ?? ?-

>?@ >M @>=@ =@ @?=, @ >M ? >?@>M @>= ( +@, 1956). $ = R @ (B?, 2004),

14 D"* M"> % O*5*"

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?@T? >?>@ =?VR@ = ?>?@ > >=, T- =@ > ?=?.

* * *AR, = ?=? > ?=, ?= = @M?@-@=T-

= R =M = @ =. $@ @@ @ ==? ??T? @? ?=, @>@ @ @? =@ >@ @>?T?. E -= ?=??@, , = =@? @=.

E = @ = >?@ = , ?@ >@ ??-@ ? = @> @ ? = @?=. E= =? @ ()@->= = >? @>@ = =@? @= @??, @@ ?@>@? @-? ? = @=R, = @?@>R = =T?, , ? = @??@ = ?>?@.

$@ =@ >@ ? =@ >@ @>?T? ?@ @? = U?@ @ ?@: =@> >@@ @>?T? >P? ?=? = @>?@ = ?@=@R (G@@,1988, . 23), , ? @, ? = >?@ = @ = - @?@= =@? ?@ @ @= @ @@ == ? >?@ >-@? = @? .

H@ R @??= = @? = >> ? @@ =@ @ ->?@, @ = >? @>@ @? >?. AR =? = = @=R-@ = @?T?, @? =@? @ @>@ =? @> ?->?@ @? @> R>? Y=?Z (!?@=@, 2003) @ @ @>@? @@ >@T? P> ('@, 2004; 2005).

E = @ ??U> @> ?>?@ > ? @ > -@, >@ >@, ? ?@ @ = =@ = @?T? =-?. '@? @> ?>?@ M? = >? = >?@ @?=, -=>? = @? @>?? = => @>?@.

E? ?@, ?@ = =T@@ R=@-??@ += !?@=@, = =?- ?@ ? = >@? ? == ? ? = Y@=@?=Z, = ? @=@?= T=@ @M ? >? = @=@?T? ?==, M =? @ = 02"*/ **" (!?@=@, 2003). $ = @, T=@ @ ?>?@ @> @? = @@>R = %*'$*" $//*", @ ? = XR> ?=? >@>?@X ? = @?T? =

@?@>?@ >?=.E? @?T? Y@Z ?? ? Y>?@ @?@Z ?@, =@ @-@ = 02"*/ **" @?>R? = @, @@ @ !?@=@,

=?T? = ? = > >?= >@?@ ?@ =@?@? Y=@ ?@ ? >@=@RZ =@? ?>?@ =>? ? @? @ ?@ (!?@=@, 2003) [T"%4$*%/

0/ "4/!.

* * *

$ ? ?? ? = #? = = = ?= ? =>? ? ?= ? = @, @>@?@ = >??>?@ ? =

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> @> ?>?@ XY=>?Z @ ?@ @?=X ? @ @?-= ? =. @?T? >? ?? ? ? ?@ @-@ ? @>= @?@? ?@ ? ? @ >?, @ ??? ? @??@ @>@@, ? ? >P? , ? @ -= @? ? >> T?; ? ?@> ? @? >@>?@ ?>>@ ??>?@.

%M = >@>?@ @@ =? @>@ = H@, = A@-=@R @ = A?@@=@R =? @?@?, ? ?>?@ =>-? ? @?@@ ? =@ @@ @?@, = @?T? @? @>@ ? >> >@? ==> H!A"#, = = = =? = ?= -T?.

BiBliografía

BA"AD, A. (2004): H*2/7 "% T/7 * A/0//7, C>, C> ?$, 243 .

BAE'#", G. (1986): M & N"4", @ J?@, F?@ A=, 235 .B#A', F. (2004): A '/";/ %" "/0//*" "*$"" (1883-1911) (#. G@ '@<? J.),

@ J?@, EFJ, 424 .BE+#H, G. (1996): YI?=Q? ??=Z, ?: A "4" %" **=$*", 'N@ $=@,

E"E'$, 55-76.DA"E'I, != (2004): A #"2*$ $/42 * "/0//*$" *4*2*$2, @@?@, C?? '@=

$, 236 .DAID'#", I., "#BE, +. (1993): Y@@= ? =? ? >? @=@?Z, ?: G@?, K.,

I?@=, ., T//2, "4" "% $/**/ * 4" 5/4*/, C>, C> ?- $, 363-388.

FAK, D. (1993): Y' ? ? @= <==: I>=@? @ @>? @=@?Z, ?:G@?, K., I?@=, ., T//2, "4" "% $/**/ * 4" 5/4*/, C>, C>? $, 216-250.

GIB'#", K. (1993): Y$ III I?@@?Z, ?: G@?, K., I?@=, ., T//2, "4" "% $/*-

*/ * 4" 5/4*/, C>, C> ? $, 187-192.GIB'#", K. (1993): Y@@= , =? ? @= @ ? =@? @ ?@>@? @-

? Z, ?: G@?, K., I?@=, ., T//2, "4" "% $/**/ * 4" 5/4-

*/, C>, C> ? $, 251-269.G##D, J. (1988): YE@=ON@ @>?ON@Z, ?: D/2*$";/ %/ 02"/ 25", -

@, $?O, 11-29.GEG#, . (1996): Y?@ ?=Q?Z, ?: A "4" %" **=$*", 'N@ $=@, E-

"E'$, 19-32.HCHI"', E., HAEH', B. (1995): YH@ @ ?? =@?: >? @

@>->?? >? ? ?@?Z, ?: G@@, E., S/$*" **$ "% *"$*/:

E@? ? >=@? @ @= ? >? ?==?, C>, C>? $, 53-69.

KE!$E, D. (1993): YD@ @ =? ? @@= : "@=@= ? @? =?<Z, ?:G@?, K., I?@=, ., T//2, "4" "% $/**/ * 4" 5/4*/, C>, C>? $, 193-215.

EE +H#F, B. (1956): L"4", /4, "% "*7, C>, !I, 1956, 278 .!ACKI"#'H, ". (1996): YI?=Q? > @=ON@Z, ?: A "4" %" **=$*", 'N@ $=@,

E"E'$, 33-53.

16 D"* M"> % O*5*"

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!IG"##, +. (2003): YA ?@ @ >?M@ @ > >?= @=@?=>@?@Z, ?: H*2?-

*"2 /$"*20/+/2 /#"*2: @=@?=, =?@ ?>?@ =>?, B=@ H@-@?, EF!G, 23-76.

!IG"##, +. (2003): Y$?>?@ =>? ?O @=@?=Z, ?: H*2?*"2 /$"*20/+/2

/#"*2: @=@?=, =?@ ?>?@ =>?, B=@ H@@?, EF!G,79-130.

'C#, D. (2004): YC@? @ !@?Z, ?: C/2$*0 /' M/%*7: @ @=@?=?=>?, D?, D< ? $, 98-131.

'C#, D. (2005): YC@=@?= @?>?=Z, ?: I?, . (E.), A/0//*2 /' M/%*7:

F@=, G@?>?= ? $@=, !A, B=<== $=?, 23-49.

C44", 4"+ 7 $/*$*?: "4/2 "20$/2 17

S"*"#*. R5*2" % " F"$4" % G/"'*" * H*2@*", 62-63 (2012-2013), pp. 11-17

cultura, lenguaje y cognición: algunos aspectos

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