colprotec 2012 la importancia de la formacion superior

COLPROTEC 2012

La importancia de la Formacion Superior

Profesional para el desarrollo economico y

regional en Francia

29 de mayo 2012

Cali - COLOMBIA

Plan

El ámbito de la I&D&I (Investigación, Desarrollo,

Innovación)

Importancia de los cuadros intermedios en varios

sectores económicos

Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT (Institutos

Universitarios de Tecnología) funciona bien desde el

punto de vista del sector privado

Elementos claves del suceso

Lecciones para el futuro

J-P Lacotte 2 Colombia mayo 2012

Plan

El ámbito de la I&D&I (Investigación, Desarrollo,

Innovación)









Un modelo puramente teórico

I&D & I (Innovación)


Various

Knowledge

Various

Know-how

El nivel promedio de conocimientos y del saber-hacer deben crecer siempre

El punto de vista profesional

5

El proceso de la Innovación

Cómo funciona hoy en día

Investigación dirigida del descubrimiento

I&D Industrial

Usuario/Mercado/Sociedad

El proceso de innovación no es lineal con intercaciones y reacciones entre

todas las etapas de investigación, incluyendo la implicación del usuario

Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte

Investigación Dirigida de la Aplicación

El paisaje europeo de financiamiento

6

Medio plazo Largo plazo Corto plazo

TEN

Eu

rop

a

7th FP EUREKA


Polos

de competitividad

FUI

Fondos I&D&I en Francia

• ANR, Agencia Nacional de la Investigación

• El FUI, Fondo Único Inter-ministerial

• Los “polos de competitividad” trabajo colaborativo

• Las “Inversiones del futuro” una inversión nacional importante para

el futuro :

– Un porcentaje pequeño de subsidios hacia la I&D&I pura ; y

– La parte principal, previendo el futuro, una inversión casi sin

riesgo con un Retorno nacional de la Inversión.

• Todo esto en acuerdo con las reglas de la Unión Europea,

– Pre-competitividad

– Todo tipo de socios : la gran industria y servicios, PYMES,

mundo académico, etc.

– Sin distorsión de las competencias

7 Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte

Plan

El ámbito de la I&D&I









PYMEs

• Hay llaves para el futuro:

– Gran numero de empresas: start-up a empresas de gran experiencia

– Desde la high-tech hasta la low-tech

• Gran potencial de empleo, especialmente cuadros intermedios

• Gran dinamismo y reactividad

• Extensamente difundidos en los territorios

• Pero…

– Un problema a 3-7 años

– Contribuyen cada vez más a redes, Polos, EUREKA, 7FP…

– Incapaces de conducir grandes proyectos

– Deberían apoyarse sobre organizaciones mas importantes

– Podrían trabajar mas estrechamente con el sector de la investigación

publica

Cuadros intermedios deben ser formados para innovar 9 Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte

Plan










Por qué el sistema francés de los IUT

puede contribuir

• Un IUT es, por ley, un componente de la Universidad con reglas especificas

y regulación. Como la Universidad, un IUT tiene dos pilares : educación e

investigación.

• Un IUT da cursos de formación profesional brindando un diploma nacional

perfectamente reconocido por los empleadores en todo el país.

• EL IUT es uno de los actores que contribuye al desarrollo del territorio. Los

115 IUT están repartidos en mas de 200 ciudades en Francia.

– Bien preparados para la transferencia de tecnología.

• Los estudiantes en IUT, en sus estudios y en relación con su proyecto

personal, deben pasar por lo menos un periodo de trabajo en la empresa, y

para eso, las PYMES son socios privilegiados:

– Este periodo de pasantía está bajo el control del equipo pedagógico del

IUT;

– Este periodo de pasantía da también la oportunidad al equipo

pedagógico de tener contactos útiles con las empresas identificando

problemas y proponiendo soluciones;

– La red de los IUT, con sus centenas de docentes-investigadores,

pueden ayudar. 11 Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte

El futuro de los graduados en IUT

(DUT)


Insertion immédiate et durable

15%

Une année d'études supplémentaire

20%

Deux années d'études supplémentaires

9%

Trois années d'études supplémentaires

47%

Autres parcours9%

Un año más de

estudios

20%

Dos años más

9%

Tres años más

47%

Inserción profesional

directa

15%

Otros

9%

8va encuesta nacional sobre los diplomados de DUT (Diplomados 2008)

Parámetros influenciando estos valores medios:

- diploma de entrada, general o tecnológico

- edad

- estudios a tiempo completo o en alternancia

Algunos puntos claves para las

relaciones PYMEs - IUT

• Las reglas de propiedad intelectual entre las partes deben ser

claramente identificadas y definidas.

• La normalización es importante para asegurar la innovación

– Estandarización : las organizaciones internacionales son cada vez menos

los iniciadores de nuevas proposiciones IEC, ISO, ITU, CENELEC, ETSI

etc…

– Las nuevas proposiciones son introducidas por grupos de empresas que

tratan de promover sus propios puntos de vista. Algunos tienen

reconocimiento mundial como DVB (digital televisión), AICC (aviación),

IETF, W3C (Internet and web) 3GPP, OMA (telecom) etc…

• Ventajas fiscales, el “Crédit Impôt Recherche”);

– Costos de personas en I&D&I;

– Costos de I&D&I en subcontratación en las universidades y centros de

investigación reconocidos;

– Gastos de patentes, mantenimiento y litigios por falsificación

– Gastos de normalización para defender sus propios productos


Plan










Hojas de Ruta sobre

la Tecnologia

Una herramienta importante para manejar la I&D&I

“TRM (technology roadmapping) makes industries aware of the

importance of jointly developing R&D programmes in a time where

R&D funding (also inside companies)is scarce. They enhance

knowledge exchange, collaboration and even the creation of more

durable networks amongst industries, and between industries and

academia, which is especially visible in sectors in which individual

industries did not collaborate. They provide strategic vision not

only for big firms but, very importantly, for SMEs, that were said to

be increasingly involved in TRM exercises of the kind presented

here.”

From The effectiveness of Technology Roadmapping; Bastian de

Laat, Shonie Mc Kibbin; The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs,

Pubnummer 03I18; section 3.27., page 28

15 Colombia mayo 2012 J-P Lacotte

Construyendo una Hoja de Ruta de

Tecnología


Niveles de

Aplicaciones/servicios

Una representación del mundo egocentrismo humano, de la sociedad…

Un traductor a partir de aplicaciones, servicios a las tecnologias: el marketing

El sueño El sueño EL sueño

Clúster de Tecnología

Impacto Social Mayor:

- Salud

- Envejecimiento

- Urbanizacion

- Entorno

- Conocimiento

- Seguridad & Proteccion

- Globalizacion

- On the move

Tipos Múltiples de

Servicios

X-a-Y

Donde X, Y pueden

ser por ejemplo:

A, (Agente),

B, (Business),

C, (Consumidor),

M, (Máquina),

S, (Servicio).

Physical Human

REAL

VIRTUAL Information Knowledge

Modelo RM3 Entidad Individual (personas, dispositivos o

maquinas) realizando y controlando sus metas

individuales y ofreciendo/usando servicios

de/hacia otros Colección de “yo” o “grupos”

cooperando hacia la

realización de objetivos

comunes, cada miembro

contribuye a esta realización

con reglas controlando al

grupo.

YO

Grupo

Organización con un

objetivo general,

conforme con reglas

legales o definidas

externamente, ofreciendo

servicios hacia un

individuo y/o Grupo

perteneciendo a una

comunidad global

Sociedad

Servicios adaptativos distribuidos, servicios

de apoyo genérico y de estructura utilizados

para servicios compuestos, aplicaciones y

sistemas de manera dinámica.

Infraestructuras

y servicios basicos

Una variedad de actividades y

herramientas software es requerida

para ayudar actores/personas/agentes

encargados en diseñar, implementar,

verificar, manteniendo y modificando

productos software-intensive y/o

sistemas y servicios

Sistemas,

servicios,

creación de software

Colombia mayo 2012 17 J-P Lacotte

Technology clusters & categories

(programme sphere)

Content & Knowledge - Acquisition &Processing

- Presentation

- Management

Interaction - More than Human

- New Multimodal & Multi Device

- Intelligent systems

- Security & Trust

- Engineering and development

Network & Computing - Infrastructure

- Services

- Resource Management

- Security, Privacy, Trust &

Robustness

Content

&

Knowledge

Acquisiti

on &

Processi

ng

Presentation

Manage

ment.

System Process support

Engineering

Software Service

Engineering

- Systems

- Software

-Service

- Process support

Technologies

of the

Future?

Colombia mayo 2012 18 J-P Lacotte

19

Metodología y evolución de RM3

Tecnologias

Content Acquisition & Processing 30

Now ST MT L T Digital Sensory System

Standardised exchange of positioning information domain-

speci Þ c generic

High-precision open-space localisation

Localisation in buildings

Low-cost location positioning with increasing precision

New or extended intelligent sensors

Sensor fusion to integrate raw physical data from dif ferent

sensors to information/knowledge

domain-

speci Þ c generic

Software architectures of collaborative sensory systems

Context capturing and management

Ef ficient & standardised context exchange

(e.g. user profiles)

context fusion; integration of context

Efficient analysis of data

Dynamic filtering and transformation for adaptation to

session context

Pattern matching of media data

Media interpretation algorithms of f-line

near

real-time real-time

Integration of information

Algorithms for media integration

(e.g. camera images, position and digital maps) of f-line

near

real-time real-time

Real-time projection algorithms for full windscreen projection

More ef ficient compression algorithms / bit-rate reduction

(transmission time (isochronous – asynchronous), cost,

space, quality (perceived quality - full integrity)

H.261/H.263 H.264

Compression with scalable complexity for optimising coding

parameters with respect to overall performances of the

transmission channel and terminal node capabilities

(e.g. CPU resources, and power)

Generating knowledge from data

Self-adapting learning algorithms for content & context

Descriptive coding of context evolution in space and time

(e.g. derived delay times from traf fic data)

Behaviour prediction based on actual and historical data domain-

speci Þ c generic

Derive high-level from low-level knowledge or data

(e.g. enhanced route-finding algorithms, taking into account

additional attributes such as user preferences and security

aspects)

T echnologies for Content Acquisition & Processing / T able 2-1

Rendezvous

Infrastructure,

standarisation

Rendezvous

Smart tags will allow

identification

of all the object in

the environment

Rendezvous

Challenge

Contenido &

Conocimiento

Network Services 56

Now ST MT L T

Ambient intelligence

T r ansparent access to distributed data (individual sensor /

actuator data or synthetic data) within the local network

(e.g. in home, building, plants)

Individual Synthetic

Remote access to local systems and services

(individual or synthetic)

Manually con Þ gured Individual Synthetic

Positioning 57 GPS T riangulation in

GSM/UMTS Everywhere, incl. in-door

Seamless distributed network capabilities

Automatic resource discovery in a network In a local network In a W AN network

Adaptive knowledge based auto-configuration Home and enterprise

W A N

Agent-based configuration of network elements Home and

enterprise

W A N

Service-based self-managing devices

Standardised device interface (sensors / actuators) and

application model 58

Identity management and profiling

Profiles for users and user clusters

(e.g. groups and communities)

Speci Þ c and

management

Standardised ontologies

and construction of pro Þ les from user habits

Fusion of pro Þ les

across applications

Identity management Monolithic, proprietary Federated

Universal identification Individual

to-URN resolution

Users ’ personal patterns of behaviour when on-line

established through ‘avatars ’ 59 Games Generic

Service coordination

Brokering of services

General support for application mobility

Profile and network context-based service orchestration W o r k ß ow Context Pro Þ le

Advanced web services allowing secure and transactional

coordination between applications

Service-level agreements (SLA) End-to-end

Support for accountable events

Accountable event generation and collection

Rendezvous

Regulation and

standards

Rendezvous

Security and privacy

Rendezvous

Legal aspects

for inter-operation

T echnologies for Network Services / T a ble 3-2

Red & Cálculo

Human-System Interaction 67

Now ST MT L T

Simple, self-explaining and easy-to-use multimodal HSIs

Speech recognition, speech to text

V oice commands

noisy

environments in

speci Þ c domains

V oice commands,

noisy

environments in

multiple domains

Enhanced natural

language

understanding,

speaker

independence

Natural language

understanding,

application

related semantic

interpretation,

understanding

content, some

emotions

T ext to speech Monotonic Natural-sounding

with intonation

Understanding content, some

emotions

Gestures (to control applications) Monitoring,

directions

(games)

Interpretation, pointing

Facial

movements,

some expressions

Eye movement (to control applications); eye-ball tracking Calibration, focus control Understand

some emotions

Multi-user interfaces; v irtual and augmented reality 2D and 3D symbolic

(games and simulators) 3-D realistic,

other domains

Full 3D and

context support

Usability engineering Evolution of current approaches Disruptions

Platforms for HSI development Evolution of current systems Disruptions

HSI usability test systems Evolution of current systems Disruptions

Intelligent, context-aware and adaptive HSIs

User profiles Pro Þ les within closed or

proprietary environments

Dynamic and roamable pro Þ les

for various environments

Context-awareness (with sensors and pro Þ les) Simple

(presence,

location)

Groups, more

context, detailed

presence

Multi-diverse

environment

Full context and

situation, some

emotions

Learning user interfaces Adapting menus, mainly single users,

simple collaboration

Multi-diverse

environment

Understand some

human behaviour

Privacy and security Basic Multi-diverse environments, trust aspects Full support

Support for multi-display/device/HSI systems Basic

Session roaming, context support,

complex systems

Full adaptation

and support

Seamless and interchangeable HSIs

Multi-device HSIs Basic Multi-diverse environment Full support

T e chnologies for Human-System Interaction / T able 4-1

Interacción

Engineering process support 80

Now ST MT L T Integration and interoperation of engineering tools

Common meta-model for engineering artefacts E.g. MOF Data sharing

Standardised tool data transfer formats E.g. XMI Complete data transfer

Integrated navigation and linking of engineering

elements, including data management

Based on

Þ le paradigm Object management with versioning of schemas

T ool integration frameworks and platforms E.g. Eclipse Data sharing based on object management

Configurable, extensible and modular engineering

methodologies

Con Þ gurable,

E.g. RU P T ool support

Methodologies for per-to-peer engineering Open source best practice

W eb-based development environment 81

Distributed and collaborative engineering

Distributed engineering support technologies Shared work space

E.g. Groove

Concurrent engineering support technologies V ersion management,

E.g. CVS, GForce

Collaborative decision making, groupware solutions Proprietary

Integration of non-software engineering disciplines

Cyber rooms and processes

Configurable methodologies and process standards

Executable process definitions Process description language Executable

Configurable workflows T ool con Þ guration for

process support

Requirements driven process management

Requirements management and change management E.g. DOORS

From document-centred

to object-oriented Requirements linking and tracking

Requirements re-use techniques and guidelines Re-use by reference

Requirements based measurement

Requirements, meta-models and specification

languages T emplate Formalised description

Concept of uncertain requirements Formalised description

Requirements verification and validation

Requirements based code generation techniques,

test generations

Knowledge based engineering

Ontology , standardised knowledge models, taxonomies De Þ nitions and matching algorithms

Data mining, software mining and profiling 82

Speci Þ c Focused and adapted generic methods, e.g.

pattern matching based on DN A analysis

Rendezvous

Domain-specific

CAD technologies

Rendezvous

Domain-specific

CAD technologies

T echnologies for engineering process support / T able 5-3

Ingeniería

Dominios

Escenarios

Scripts

Clústeres

Content Acquisition & Processing 30

Now ST MT L T Digital Sensory System

Standardised exchange of positioning information domain-

speci Þ c generic

High-precision open-space localisation

Localisation in buildings

Low-cost location positioning with increasing precision

New or extended intelligent sensors

Sensor fusion to integrate raw physical data from dif ferent

sensors to information/knowledge

domain-

speci Þ c generic

Software architectures of collaborative sensory systems

Context capturing and management

Ef ficient & standardised context exchange

(e.g. user profiles)

context fusion; integration of context

Efficient analysis of data

Dynamic filtering and transformation for adaptation to

session context

Pattern matching of media data

Media interpretation algorithms of f-line

near

real-time real-time

Integration of information

Algorithms for media integration

(e.g. camera images, position and digital maps) of f-line

near

real-time real-time

Real-time projection algorithms for full windscreen projection

More ef ficient compression algorithms / bit-rate reduction

(transmission time (isochronous – asynchronous), cost,

space, quality (perceived quality - full integrity)

H.261/H.263 H.264

Compression with scalable complexity for optimising coding

parameters with respect to overall performances of the

transmission channel and terminal node capabilities

(e.g. CPU resources, and power)

Generating knowledge from data

Self-adapting learning algorithms for content & context

Descriptive coding of context evolution in space and time

(e.g. derived delay times from traf fic data)

Behaviour prediction based on actual and historical data domain-

speci Þ c generic

Derive high-level from low-level knowledge or data

(e.g. enhanced route-finding algorithms, taking into account

additional attributes such as user preferences and security

aspects)

T echnologies for Content Acquisition & Processing / T able 2-1

Rendezvous

Infrastructure,

standarisation

Rendezvous

Smart tags will allow

identification

of all the object in

the environment

Tecnologías

del Futuro ?

?

Servicios, Sistemas & Creación de

Software

Infraestructura & Servicios

Básicos

Service composition

Short term Medium term Long term

Vision

Services built by „integrators‟ based on existing building blocks at development time. User recognised by each service, very limited personalisation and a large number of services to surf.

Profile built for categorised users: group/family profile.

Limited dynamic system service composition.

User recognised by a information service provider or independent entity – single authentication.

User represented by proxy in simple situations

Dynamic system service composition considering context and personal profile – one-stop shop.

Autonomous agent acting on behalf of user

Technologies

Brokering technologies: service ontology

1 for service

description covering functional and non-functional aspects. Services describing quality properties. Directories and dynamic discovery technology will mature.

Service certification for ensuring the expected behaviour – e.g. QoS.

Intelligent brokering adapted to user and context.

Container technology: servers, client and agent containers including standard basic services.

Self-organising – i.e. intelligent, self-adaptive, self-configurable and scalable – infrastructure services.

Data mining and profiling technologies – e.g. profile servers.

Semantic search engines.

Ontology for profiles and context.

Context-aware multimedia search technologies.

Content certification.

Fusion of data from profiles with recognition of user habits.

Technology to fulfil legal requirements – e.g. identification of user, provider, illegal content, etc.

1 Set of specified concepts (entities and interactions) defining the working model.

YO

Me domain: A day with the „Internet of things‟


Vision

Ubiquitous connectivity of personal items, digital things and the environment. End-user control and management of privacy settings

Self diagnostics in proximity of a car.

Machine readable ID documents such as passports and driving licences. (already exists)

Smart clothes

Wireless/remote diagnostics of a car.

Personal preferences stored in and read from user belongings.

Remotely readable ID documents like passports and driving licenses.

Video call on sunglasses

Automatic presence that is accessible via the Internet

Automatic car maintenance, for example robot-driven tyre replacement.

Automatic checking of ID documents while driving, still preserving privacy.

Automatic and personalised weather and risk forecasts based on local and remote services.

Beverage machine that automatically recognises users‟ preferences

Technologies

Sensor for tyre pressure in a car (already exists but not a standard feature yet)

Diagnostics computer in car (already exists)

Weather sensing in clothes, phones and other user belongings.

Remote-readable user preferences with the user (in phone, wallet, ….)

Connectivity of clothes gadgets, etc.

User control of access and traceability of car data

Remotely readable driver‟s licence and passport information with end-user control

Video display in sunglasses.

Remotely readable location information, for example based on car and personal navigation systems

Delegation of ID (passport and driving license) to car for remote reading.

Common and standardised history for user preferences and services.

Grupo


Vision

Dynamics: Manual set up of groups

Self constitution of ad-hoc group based on location of members

Self constitution of generalised, automated ad hoc groups, based on location and profiles

Ubiquity: Best access selection End-to-end connectivity

Session continuity across heterogeneous technologies

Any terminal

Semantic routing of information within the network participating in the intelligent management of information distribution

Adaptation to member profile: Focused broadcasting of contacts and information

Information filtering

Semantic analysis of messages

Natural language interfaces

Automated high quality translation

Adapted information insertion

Automatic learning of user behaviour

Avatar acting on behalf of the user

Virtual collaborative environment: Interactive multimedia content sharing

Multimedia content co-creation

Virtual presence

Haptic communication

Emotion communication

Context awareness: Location-based services

Awareness of the proximity of group members

Capture and exchange of member environment

Automatic knowledge of member context based on behavioural models and adaptation of communication mode

Augmented reality

Technologies

High bit-rate fixed and mobile access

Profiling systems and algorithms

Digital rights management

Web 2.0

Peer-to-peer

Cross-media

Self-organisation

Protocol interoperability

Multiplatform applications

Human-system interaction

Learning mechanisms

Semantics

Content management

High throughput connections

End-to-end quality of service

Context modelling and interpretation

Open standards architecture and interfaces for flexible group management

Knowledge management

Application-aware networking

Behaviour modelling

Sociedad

Public security and safety


Vision

Traceability for safer food

On-line vision

On-line customs/tax declarations

High throughput airport security control – check-in

Management of security credentials – e.g. based on biometrics – at home by citizens

Integrated disaster management

Global citizenship-based open standards

Technologies

E-Pedigree through smart tags for safe food

Standardised interfaces for accessing public services

Conditional credential checking based on biometrics

Implementing tamper-resistance for widely adopted security tokens

Surveillance systems

Ad-hoc co-ordination and communications systems in harsh environments

Federated security systems

Advanced modelling techniques

Services paradigm


Vision

Adapting existing components into network services.

Services over Internet

Some dedicated software as a service, mainly in the office domain.

Web 2.0

Services orchestration – from a single control point

Automatic discovery and invocation of network-enabled services

Services choreography

Dynamic and adaptive processes

Services monitoring and management

Secured services infrastructure

Agile applications – self adapting, self optimising…

Business-driven automated compositions

(Any-)user generated services

QoS-aware service composition

Evolutionary services – seamless replacement of components

Service governance – services must conform to shared rules

Technologies

Wrapping components

Distributed computing, Databases, Security

Web services

XML technologies (SOAP, XSLT, XQuery…)

Service-oriented architecture (SOA), UDDI, WSDL, WS-CDL, BPEL4WS, ESB

Mash-ups

Service middleware infrastructures for data and process integration, with end-to-end security

Integration brokers

Service aggregators

Web services distributed management (WSDM)

Advanced business modelling

Dynamically reconfigurable service architectures

Semantically enhanced service discovery


20

El proceso de la Innovación

Cómo funciona hoy en día

Investigación dirigida del descubrimiento

I&D Industrial

Usuario/Mercado/Sociedad

El proceso de innovación no es lineal con intercaciones y reacciones entre

todas las etapas de investigación, incluyendo la implicación del usuario


Investigación Dirigida de la Aplicación

Plan










Importancia del rol de los Tecnologos

(Técnicos superiores)

• EL IUT es, por ley, un componente de la Universidad

que beneficia de un estatus especial.

• Como la Universidad, el IUT tiene 2 pilares:

formación e investigación.

• Los estudiantes de los IUT son bien preparados para

participar a la innovación en sus especialidades.

• Los estudiantes de los IUT tienen una posición

jerárquica reconocida entre los ingenieros y los

obreros (especializados o no).

• El tecnólogo (técnico superior en Francia) como

todos los actores de la empresa, debe estar

preparado a cambiar de trabajo durante su vida

profesional. J-P Lacotte 22 Colombia mayo 2012

J-P Lacotte 23

Muchas gracias por su atención

Colombia mayo 2012

colprotec 2012 la importancia de la formacion superior

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