City Report Santiago de Compostela

Summary WP2 results

Report created by TU WIEN team

Rudolf Giffinger

Gudrun Haindlmaier

Hui Lu

Florian Strohmayer

August 2014

contact: rudolf.giffinger@tuwien.ac.at

2

City Report Santiago de Compostela

Main aim of report

As energy efficiency is high on the European

agenda (one of the goals of the European

Union’s 20-20-20 plan is to improve energy

efficiency by 20% in 2020), the EU-funded

PLEEC project (“Planning for Energy Efficient

Cities”) uses an integrative approach to

accomplish the sustainable, energy efficient

smart city. By coordinating strategies and

combining best practices, PLEEC develops a general model for energy efficiency and sustainable city

planning.

In this report the findings of WP 2 for the city of Santiago de Compostela are summarized providing insight

to the city’s profile as precondition for positioning, to comparable cities and in particular to innovation

potentials and respective potential partners for road maps aiming at energy efficient urban development.

Most important questions on energy efficiency which have to be answered by city partners and leaders of

WP 3 to WP 5 are listed in the end of this synoptic report.

Target group

This report addresses representatives of respective PLEEC-City and Leaders of work packages 3 to 5 and 6.

WP7: Dissemination

WP

2:

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WP

6:

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n WP3: Technology driven efficiency

potentials

WP4: Structure driven efficiency

potentials

WP5: Behaviour driven efficiency

potentials

Santigo de Compostela fact sheet

Inhabitants 249.900 2012

Households 107.575 2013

Number of dwellings 113.127 2013

Number of residential buildings 109.846 2013

Settled area in km² 78,94 2014

Gross Value Added per capita in € € ~21.000,- 2013

Gross disposable income € ~35.000,- 2011

Source: Stoke-on-Trent City Council

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(1) City profile of Santiago de Compostela – General conditions

Strengths and weaknesses in 6 Smart City key fields:

The city of Santiago de Compostela is well performing in health conditions, regarding cultural facilities as

well as in individual security. Due to its cultural importance, the city is very important as tourist location.

Santiago de Compostela shows an average performance in the domains Smart Economy, Smart People,

Smart Governance and Smart Mobility. For instance the availability of IT-infrastructure is below European

average, even its innovative spirit as well as economic image and trademarks still has to be improved.

Comparing the coloured line with the

dashed line (or the zero line below)

Santiago de Compostela’s smart city

performance in the 6 key fields is similar to

this of the European average city. Santiago

de Compostela has a rather compact profile

with outstandingly well performing Smart

Living conditions.

The analysis of city characteristics using the

Smart City data base of 81 components allows

for a detailed benchmarking along several

dimensions for 77 medium sized European

cities.

For details see report “European Smart City

Profiles Santiago de Compostela”.

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(2) Comparative positioning of Santiago de Compostela

In chapter (1) the performance of Santiago de Compostela on key fields of urban development is analysed

in a comparative way. The city profile of Santiago de Compostela reveals the specific opportunities and

threats that will confront Santiago de Compostela on its innovation journey towards an energy-efficient

development. Here in chapter (2) Santiago de Compostela is grouped with other cities due to similar

performance in all key fields across 77 cities.

Hence, this typology and clustering allows for benchmarking and an easy identification of comparable cities

in order to look for best practices. However, in order to select reasonable best practices from other cities of

cluster 5 and, consequently, to estimate their potential impact on Santiago de Compostela, the local

characteristics (specific strengths and weaknesses) of Santiago de Compostela have to be examined in more

detail (see section 3 of this report).

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Cluster 5

Cluster 6

Sources of basemap: TUWIEN 2013 based on

Esri, GEBCO, NOAA, National Geographic, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, Geonames.org and other contributors;

EuroGeographics

On the level of 6 key fields

(Smart Economy, Smart Living,

Smart Environment, Smart

Mobility, Smart People and

Smart Government) a multiple

correspondence analysis is

conducted. The resulting typ-

ology of European cities shows

up with three big clusters and

three smaller ones.

This typology reveals specific

strengths and weaknesses of

cities in comparison to others

and provides the opportunity

to identify suitable cities for

exchange of best practices.

For details see report “Typology

of Cities”.

As shown in the map above, Santiago de Compostela is to be found in cluster 5 among cities like

Aalborg, Aarhus, Aberdeen, Brugge, Cardiff, Cork, Eindhoven, Enschede, Erfurt, Gent, Innsbruck, Kiel,

Leicester, Ljubljana, Madgeburg, Maribor, Pamplona, Plzen, Portsmouth, Regensburg, Rostock, Stoke-

on-Trent, Trier, Verona.

5

(3) Cities with similar or different profiles

Very obviously Santiago de Compostela belongs to the group of cities of cluster 5. This is the flagship-

average-cluster concerning each key field, orientated towards the mean of all analysed European cities (i.e.,

compared to the broken line) Hence, cities of this group are characterized through a strongly balanced

urban development in the respective key fields. As they show a more or less average performance in

comparison to 76 other medium sized cities in Europe the question raises in which key fields the city will

improve its performance and how to keep its balanced performance at a higher level.

Craiova, Sibiu, Timisoara Liepaja, Kaunas, Kosice, Pleven, Ruse, Larisa, Patrai

Ancona, Banska Bystrica, Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Coimbra, Gyor, Kielce, Miskolc, Nitra, Oviedo, Padova, Pecs, Perugia, Rzeszow, Suwalki, Szczecin, Tartu, Trento, Trieste, Usti nad labem, Valladolid, Venezia

Graz, Linz, Luxembourg, Salzburg

Clermont-Ferrand, Dijon, Eskilstuna, Goettingen, Groningen, Joenkoeping, Jyväskylä, Montpellier, Nancy, Nijmegen, Odense, Oulu, Pointiers, Tampere, Turku, Umeaa

6

(4) Key fields and domains of energy efficient urban development

In order to structure efforts of energy efficient urban development a general framework defined by key

fields with respective domains was elaborated based on the expertise of stakeholders in 6 partner cities (2

surveys) as well as on the expertise of all PLEEC-partners in respective workshops. The result indicates 5 key

fields of urban development in which energy efficiency is supposed to become important. Respective

domains are defined from a strategic point of view in order to identify innovation potentials on the

background of the recent situation/performance. Hence, this structure will guide future PLEEC-project

activities elaborating the meaning of technical, structural and behavioural/educational activities aiming at

the improvement of energy efficient urban development. However, these results should induce an

evidence based (deficits, potentials) discussion and effective selection of activities (measures, projects) in

terms of technology, governance and behaviour/education in an enhanced network of city stakeholders!

Broad acceptance (71% of respondents in

Santiago de Compostela fully agreed) of the

definition: “Energy efficiency means the use

of less energy to provide the same service

considering aspects of economic, social and

ecologic sustainability and the life-cycle of

materials.”

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

No

Yes

From a stakeholders’ point of view the most important domains for energy efficiency in general are: Renovation and refurbishment

Public transport Heating and cooling grids

Public lightning Industry and commerce

(most often considered as important domains for energy efficiency by all stakeholders in Santiago de Compostela)

Agreement on EE definition by stakeholders in %

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(5) Energy efficiency situation and potentials in Santiago de Compostela

Both the current situation on energy efficiency and the prospect for

future innovation potential have been evaluated Santiago de Compostela.

The figure below how stakeholders in Santiago de Compostela evaluate

the current status on energy efficiency in the city compared to the

estimated innovation potential for Santiago de Compostela within the

respective domains.

It can be seen very clearly, that the innovation potential as evaluated by

its stakeholders differs very much from the current energy efficiency

situation. Private households are only domain where current situation

meets the potential for innovation.

0,000,501,001,502,002,503,003,504,004,505,00

a. Renovation andrefurbishment

b. Innovative buildingtechnologies

c. Spatial structures andland-use

d. Public transport

e. Motorised privatetransport

f. Pedestrian traffic andcycling

g. Transport of goods

h. Waste, water and sewagemanagement

i. Electric power grids

j. (District) heating andcooling grids

k. Public lighting

m. Industry and commerce

n. Private and publicservices

p. Private households

r. Fossil and nuclear energy

t. Renewable energy

innovation potential current contribution

Santiago de

Compostela

Stakeholders‘ perspective

Results of 2 surveys among

stakeholders in PLEEC cities:

The importance of the various

energy efficiency domains as well

as potentials and strategies for

further improvement of energy

efficiency have been analysed in

synthesis with energy related

indicators.

For details see reports “European

Smart City Profiles Santiago de

Compostela” and “Energy Smart

City Profiles”.

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(6) Actors and activities to potentially influence energy efficiency

Stakeholders in Santiago picture outstandingly clear that both city administration and other authorities are

the ones able to influence energy efficiency in the future. With respect to industry and commerce also

(local) companies are named to be influential actors on energy efficiency. Furthermore, regarding

renewable energies as well as motorized private transport lobby and interest groups can play an important

role besides the administrative agencies. In this context, stakeholders in Santiago state that mainly the

optimization of existing transport structures is important to achieve more energy efficiency.

Furthermore, heating and cooling grids are very important in Santiago with focus on “to substitute old

heating and air conditioning systems for more modern ones, over all for more efficient systems”1. The most

important domain for energy efficiency according to respondents is renovation and refurbishment:

“because of its poor conditions in construction and the historical city centre, it’s the perfect city for

refurbishment”.

Consequently, the administrative actors are expected to implement measures to improve energy efficiency

mainly by means of subsidies and financial incentives, investments and regulations. Furthermore,

stakeholders in Santiago think that the

education of citizens is a powerful instrument to raise energy efficiency, especially

with respect to transport and renewable energies.

1 Italic text parts are quotes from stakeholders in survey 1 and 2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

a. city administration

b. Regional, national or European…

c. Local companies

d. International companies

e. Interest / lobbying groups

f. NGOs

g. Public-Private-Partnerships

h. Media

Santiago

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

a. Subsidies and financial incentives

b. User fees and penalties

c. Public or private investment

d. Public or private procurement…

e. General legal regulations (e.g. laws,…

f. Private-law contracts (e.g. individual…

g. Information and lobbying campaigns

h. Education of citizens

j. Cooperations of different actors

Santiago

Number of stake-

holders in Santiago de

Compostela naming the

particular actor to be

strongly influent-ial on

energy efficient

development

For details see report

“Energy Smart City

Profiles”.

Number of stake-

holders in Santiago de

Compostela naming

the particular activity

to be strongly influen-

tial on energy efficient

development

For details see report

“Energy Smart City

Profiles”.

9

(7) Indicators and monitoring of energy efficiency in Santiago de Compostela

GREEN BUILDINGS MOBILITY and TRANSPORT TECHNICAL

INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCTION and

CONSUMPTION ENERGY SUPPLY

Share of annual thermal renovations

Transport performance in public transport

Waste generation Energy demand in industry Energy supply - solid fuels

Share of dwellings in low- (zero-) energy buildings

Energy demand in public transport

Recycling of waste CO2 emissions in industry Energy supply - gas

Share of public low- (zero-) energy buildings

CO2 emissions in public transport

Waste collection fee Share of companies with energy management

Energy supply - crude oil and petroleum products

Population density Cost of a monthly ticket for public transport

Share of smart-meters Energy demand in service sector

Energy supply - nuclear

Share of detached houses Transport performance in motorised private transport

Share of district heating CO2 emissions in service sector

Electricity tariff - traditional mix

Energy demand in motorised private transport

Share of energy efficient lamps

Energy demand in private households

Energy supply - wind

CO2 emissions in motorised private transport

CO2 emissions in private households

Energy supply - biomass

Cost of petrol

Share of household income spent on petrol

Energy supply - solar

Parking fee

Share of household income spent on electricity

Energy supply - hydropower

Level of motorisation

Energy supply - tide, wave, ocean

Transport performance in bicycle transport

Energy supply - geothermal including heat pump

Transport performance in pedestrian transport

Energy supply - waste

Length of bicycle network per inhabitant

Electricity tariff - renewables mix

Transport performance in transport of goods (freight)

Energy demand in transport of goods (freight)

CO2 emissions in transport of goods (freight)

For the development of a

monitoring system on energy

efficiency, data on a

comprehensive list of 49

indicators on the city level has

been collected for the PLEEC

cities.

For details see city results on

Methodology for Monitoring.

This table shows all indicators available

for Santiago de Compostela (non-

available indicators are displayed in

grey colour). In total, 30 of the 49

PLEEC-indicators have been collected

for Santiago de Compostela.

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(8) Important issues in Santiago de Compostela: Energy efficient urban development in perspective of technology, structure and

behaviour

Evidence-based questions Target group

City WP3 techn.

WP4 struct.

WP5 behav.

Regarding City Profile and Positioning

Is there recently an ongoing discussion in the city of distinct (strategic) projects which presumably will have a particular positive impact on the performance of the key fields smart economy, mobility or people? If yes, can one expect a positive impact on energy efficient urban development?

X X X X

Does the city actively cooperate with other cities in order to use ‘good practice’ experiences? If yes, from which cities? X

Regarding Innovation Potential

What are the main reasons and obstacles hindering a better performance in particular in the domains renewable energy, renovation and refurbishment, innovative building technologies, pedestrian traffic and cycling as well as fossil and nuclear energy?

X X X X

Are there other ongoing (strategic) projects which will have a positive impact on energy efficient urban development in the above mentioned domains? Why do you not expect a higher innovation potential in building technologies?

X X

Regarding Networking

Why is city administration and regional, national and EU administration as very important whereas other actors show only minor importance?

X X

How should the cooperation between public and private actors be improved in order to intensify energy efficient development in different domains??

X X

How to improve cost-effectiveness in the renovation sector? And, how to organize the public and private procurement in a more effective way?

X X

Remark: These questions are dedicated to be answered within the following work packages of PLEEC project together with experts in technology, structures and behaviour!