chapter 8 conceptual design for port waste management...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 8 CCOONNCCEEPPTTUUAALL DDEESSIIGGNN FFOORR PPOORRTT WWAASSTTEE
MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT SSYYSSTTEEMM
Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR 8 - 1 EIA & Monitoring Section
CHAPTER 8 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
FOR PORT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Preparation of waste management scheme and/or reception facilities is the important step for MARPOL 73/78. The convention indicates that each port, including ports for small vessels and fishing boats, have to have enough reception facilities. The reception facilities should correspond to the quantity and types of waste generated at each port.
MARPOL 73/78 specifies the requirements for reception facilities for each
types of waste as follow: In Annex I, Regulation 12 (1) it is stated that: “… the Government of each Party undertakes to ensure the provision at oil loading terminals, repair ports, and in other ports in which ships have oily residues to discharge, of facilities for the reception of such residues and oily mixtures as remain from oil tankers and other ships adequate to meet the needs of the ships using them without causing undue delay to ships.” In Annex II, Regulation 7 (1) is stated that: “…the Government of each party to the Convention undertakes to ensure the provision of reception facilities according to the needs of ships using its ports, terminals or repair ports…” In Annex IV (Sewage), Regulation 10 (1) it is stated that: “The Government of each party to the Convention undertakes to ensure the provision of the process serving sewage, adequate to meet the needs of the ships using them, and without causing undue delay to ships.” In Annex V (Garbage), Regulation 10 (1) it is stated that: “The Government of each party to the Convention undertakes to ensure the provision of the process serving garbage, according to the needs of the ships using them, and without causing undue delay to ships.”
From the forecast of quantities and types of wastes at the 3 pilot ports until the year 2560, we found that the ports should prepare the reception facilities for oily waste and garbage.
This chapter, the consultant provides the conceptual design for oily waste and
garbage management including the collection and treatment system for wastes. It can be used as basic information for developing port waste management system in the future.
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8.1 BASIC CONCEPTS FOR THE DESIGN OF PORT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
8.1.1 Basic Concepts for the Design of Oily Waste Management System 8.1.1.1 Quantity of Oily Waste
The amount of oily waste generated at ports depends on the quantity and type
of vessels, waste generation rate from oil, and the distance that the vessels have traveled. Every vessel generates oily waste from machine operation including sludge oil and oil bilge water. Sludge oil is generated at the rate of approximately 0.5-2% of fuel used. The amount of oil bilge water depends on the size of the vessel. The consultant has forecasted the quantities of oily waste at the 3 pilot ports as follow:
Klongtoey Quay
Klongtoey Dolphin
Mooring Buoy at
Sathupradit (a) Forecasted Quantities at Bangkok
Port
• Sludge Oil (m3/day) 21.5 0.8 0.7 • Oil bilge water
(m3/day) 125.8 8.0 7.1
(b) Forecasted Quantities at Laem Chabang Port • Sludge Oil (m3/day) 23.9 • Oil bilge water
(m3/day) 193.6
(c) Forecasted Quantities at Maptaphut Port
• Sludge Oil (m3/day) 11.3 • Oil bilge water
(m3/day) 95.7
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8.1.1.2 Characteristics of Oily Waste Oily waste can be divided into 2 parts; solids contaminated with oil and liquid
or water contaminated with oil. Oily waste may contains cleaning agents which make it more difficult to treat. 8.1.1.3 Selection of Oily Waste Treatment System
The selection of oily waste management system should consider the following factors:
- Each part should be durable. - The system should be efficient, reliable and easy to control and
operate. - The investment cost should not be too high - The operating and maintenance cost should be reasonable - Reuse and Recycle of waste should be considered.
8.1.1.4 Site Selection for Oily Waste Treatment System Construction
The site selection for the oily waste treatment system construction consider
various factors as follow:
- There is not flood area - Soil around construction site has good permeability - Site area locate far from natural water source, i.e. reservoir, canal or
swamp, not less than 30 meters - The area has low groundwater level, no percolation problem. The
bottom of seepage tank should have the depth of soil to the highest ground water level less than 0.6 meters.
- Convenient and safe to reach in the building from place around, and convenient to go maintaining the sanitary system.
8.1.2 Basic Concepts for the Design of Garbage Management System 8.1.2.1 Quantity of Garbage
Ship generated garbage comes from 3 activities; kitchen, ship repairs, and
cargo waste. The quantity of ship generated waste at the port depends on number of vessel, garbage generation waste, number of crews, and the distance that the vessel has travel from previous port. Garbage generation rate from kitchen is 3 kg/person/day for passenger vessel and 2 kg/person/day for others. Garbage generation rate is 1 ton of waste/10000 ton cargo for dry bulk cargo and 1 ton of waste/25000 ton cargo for Containerized cargo. The consultant forecasted the quantities of garbage at 3 pilot ports for the year 2560 as follow:
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Forecasted garbage quantity at Bangkok Port 4,097 kg/day
Forecasted garbage quantity at Laem Chabang Port 5,152 kg/day
Forecasted garbage quantity at Maptaphut Port 4,263 kg/day
8.1.2.2 Characteristics of Garbage Ship generated garbage comes from 3 activities; kitchen, ship repairs, and
cargo waste. The garbage contains plastic, paper, metals, package, food waste, bottles and its characteristic is the same as municipal solid waste. Figure 8.1.2-1 shows the composition of municipal solid waste.
8.1.2.3 Selection of Garbage Management System The selection of garbage management system should consider the following
factors: - The recyclable fraction of garbage
- All components should be durable and long-lasting
- The system should be reliable and easy to control and operate.
- The investment cost should not be too high
- The operating and maintenance cost should be reasonable
- No environmental impact 8.1.2.4 Site Selection for Waste Transfer Station and Recycling Station
Site selection for waste transfer and recycling station consider various factors
as follow:
- The site should locate far from community not less than 1 kilometer
- The site should locate far from drinking water tank or existing water treatment plant
- The site should locate far from natural or human made water source, including wetland
- The site should have groundwater level deep 8.1.3 Basic Concepts for the Design of Noxious Liquid Management System The noxious liquid waste or chemicals have various characteristics leading the different treatment method requirement, thence using central treatment system are accordingly difficult to operate, high operation cost due to the system require many chemicals, and low efficiency due to it is not specific. In the developed country for waste
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treatment, i.e. German, they have same problem. Consequently, the treatment of noxious liquid from ship should operate by private sector who import that chemicals due to they have often the treatment system which use in the production process, or by hiring the private sector who get the permission for waste treatment. The treatment of noxious liquid will be control, inspection of waste quantity and disposal according to the document mainly. 8.1.4 Basic Concepts for the Design of Wastewater Management System The study and secondary data collection related to wastewater volume from ship which transfer wastewater at port conclude that there is very less possibility for the ship to transfer wastewater at port due to most of ship have own wastewater treatment system or they discharge wastewater in the limit area. The wastewater transferred at port is only a case of emergency. As consequent, there is no necessary to install the wastewater treatment system specific in addition. Besides, the characteristic of ship wastewater is same as municipal wastewater, so the ship wastewater treatment system is same pattern as the municipal wastewater treatment system, i.e. trickling filter or activated sludge. Concept for waste management from sip at 3 pilot port, consultant has proposed in the following:
• Bangkok Port : There is no central wastewater treatment system in the port, the port personnel should contact Bangkok Metropolitan to handle the wastewater in case of ship require to discharge the waste water.
• Laem Chabang Port : There are 2 wastewater treatment systems in the port. The first wastewater treatment system has the maximum capacity of 545 m3/day but existing wastewater inflow less than 300-400 m3/day. The second wastewater treatment system has the maximum capacity of 800 m3/day but have not wastewater inflow yet. As consequence, in case of ship require to discharge the wastewater, a forecasted amount approximately 115 m3/day, the Port Authority can treat the wastewater with these systems. If the volume of wastewater is higher than the capacity of systems, the Port Authority can contact Leamchabang Municipality to handle the wastewater.
• Mapthaput Port : There is central wastewater treatment system which has the maximum capacity of 175 m3/day but existing wastewater inflow less than 50 m3/day. As consequence, in case of ship require to discharge the wastewater, a forecasted amount only 65 m3/day, the Port Authority can treat the wastewater with whis system. If the volume of wastewater is higher than the capacity of system, the Port Authority can contact Mapthaput Municipality to handle the wastewater.
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Figure 8.1.2-1 Composition of Municipal Solid Waste
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8.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR RECEPTION FACILITIES OF SHIP-
GENERATED WASTES Ship-generated waste system includes waste collection and treatment system. In this study the consultant is proposing the conceptual design of these systems that would meet international standards. 8.2.1 Conceptual Design of Facilities to Collect, Store and Treat Oily Wastes
from ships 8.2.1.1 Standard facilities to collect oily wastes from ships In general the standard facilities used to collect oily wastes from ships comprise of floating reception facilities, collection trucks and stationary reception facilities, including standard discharge connections. (1) Floating reception facilities to collect oily wastes are shown in figure 8.2.1-1 and figure 8.2.1-2. The advantages and disadvantages of such facilities are listed in table 8.2.1-1.
Source : Company Fehner Entsorgungsreederei GmbH, 2007
Figure 8.2.1-1 Floating reception facility 200 ton
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Source : Company Fehner Entsorgungsreederei GmbH, 2007
Figure 8.2.1-2 Floating reception facility 1,170 ton
Table 8.2.1-1 Advantages - Disadvantages of floating reception facilities
Advantage Disadvantage
1. High flexibility 1. Sufficient calm weather required for operation
2. Little draught requirement 2. Sufficient berthing space required 3. High loading capacity 3. High investment and operation 4. Berthing facilities built for other purposes
can be used by floating reception facilities
(2) Vehicles to collect oily wastes are shown in figure 8.2.1-3 and figure 8.2.1-4. The advantages and disadvantages of such facilities are listed in table 8.2.1-2.
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Source: Company Issarakun na Ayudhaya Coperation, 2007
Figure 8.2.1-3 Vehicle to collect oily wastes with capacity of 15 m3
Source: Company Cosmo Truck and Equipment Ltd., 2007
Figure 8.2.1-4 Vehicle to collect oily wastes with capacity of 8 m3
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Table 8.2.1-2 Advantages - Disadvantages of vehicles
Advantage Disadvantage
1. High Flexibility 1. Loading capacity much smaller than the capacity of barges
2. High speed movement 2. Vehicle movement of the quay may interfere with other operations
3. Access to vehicles to some jetties is not allowed
(3) Stationary Reception Facilities and Standard Discharge Connections
In table 8.2.1-3 the advantages and disadvantages of stationary reception
facilities are summarized. In the MARPOL convention the dimensions of a standard discharge connection for oily wastes are given (Annex I, Regulation 19). A standardized connection ensures the easy and fast connection of pipes of reception facilities with the discharge pipelines from the ships. In table 8.2.1-3 the dimensions are given for the standard discharge connection for oily wastes and in figure 8.2.1-5 a drawing of the connection is presented.
Table 8.2.1-3 Standard dimensions of flanges for discharge connections
Description Dimension
Outside diameter 215 mm Inner diameter According to pipe outside diameter Bolt circle diameter 183 mm Slots in flange 6 holes 22 mm in diameter equidistantly placed on a bolt circle
of the above diameter, slotted to the flange periphery. The slot width to be 22mm
Flange thickness 20 mm Bolts and nuts: quantity, diameter
6, each of 20 mm in diameter and of suitable length
The flange is designed to accept pipes up to a maximum internal diameter of 125 mm and shall be of steel or other equivalent material having a flat face. This flange, together with a gasket of oil-proof material, shall be suitable for a service pressure of 6 kg/cm2
Source: MARPOL 73/78 Annex 1 Regulation 19
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Figure 8.2.1-5 Standard discharge connection for oily wastes 8.2.1.2 Standard Facilities for Oily Waste Treatment The general treatment systems for oily waste especially oil bilge water are:
• Oil Interceptor • Dissolved air floatation (DAF)
Treated waste from the 2 systems includes oil which may be recyclable, wastewater which is needed to be treated with domestic sewage, and sludge which is needed to be further disposed in secure landfill. (1) Oil Interceptor Oil interceptor can be a package type. It can be used to separate hydrocarbon from water using physical treatment. It can be equipped with media, e.g. polypropylene media, to help in the separation process.
Figure 8.2.1-6 shows the picture of the oil interceptor system. Oily waste
enters the system through inlet (1). Once inside the system, garbage and course solids are separate from liquid by screen (2). Oily waste flows to the bottom and the flows
215 mm 183 mm 22 mm
max. 125 mm
20 mm
Top view Side view
max. 125 m
m
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upward through the media (3). The media increases the efficiency of the system by helping the smaller oil droplet to form an aggregate. Wastewater without oil then flows through outlet (4). The outlet has oil control device (5) preventing oil from passing through outlet. Wastewater is then flow through outlet pipe (6) and the remaining oil is further adsorbed with filter (7). Figure 8.2.1-7 and figure 8.2.1-8 show the drawing and section of package oil interceptor.
Figure 8.2.1-6 Oil Interceptor
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Figu
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Oil Interceptor can be divided into 2 Chamber; sludge compartment and hydrocarbon interceptor compartment.
(1.1) Sludge Compartment has a capacity of 300 liter. Screen for garbage
removal is included in this compartment. (1.2) Hydrocarbon Interceptor Compartment contains:
- Polypropylene media
- Automatic Blocking Device made from stainless steel. It is used to prevent oil from mixing with treated wastewater.
- Skimmer This model of oil interceptor can be used for wastewater flow rate of 5
m3/hour (gravity flow) without using pump. The dimension of the system is 0.5 m. W. x 1.5 m. L. x 1.0 m. H. The weight is 320 kg. Outlet pipe diameter is 10 mm. It can be installed on ground or underground. The treatment is by mean of physical process without chemical added. It is suitable for wastewater with oil contents less than 4,250 mg./l. The treated wastewater should contains approximately 5-10 mg./l. of oil.
Table 8.2.1-4 summarizes the advantage and disadvantage of oil interceptor
system
Table 8.2.1-4 Advantage and Disadvantage of Oil Interceptor System
Advantage Disadvantage
1. Small size 1. The efficiency is moderate 2. Easy to install, can be above or underground 3. Easy to operate, no chemical and electricity 4. Maintenance cost is minimum
Oil interceptor systems have been used in many projects, e.g. Solid waste transfer station plants at On-nuch and Nongkaem, Suvarnaphum Airport, etc.
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(a) Oil Interceptor at Suwannaphum Airport
(b) Oil Interceptor at Nongkaem Solid Waste Transfer Station
Figure 8.2.1-9 Example of Oil Interceptor Systems
Oil interceptor
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(2) Dissolved air floatation (DAF) Dissolved air flotation or DAF is one of the common system for treating
water containing oil. In DAF, air at 4-6 bars is introduced into the wastewater stream. At this high pressure, air is more soluble, comparing to at atmospheric level. After that, the system is allowed to exposed to atmospheric pressure. The excess air dissolved in water will form the small air bubble due to the sudden drop in pressure. When the air bubble rises to the surface, it will capture oil and suspended particles and the skimmer will collect those oil and suspended particles at the surface. Treated wastewater is allow to flow through the tank in the middle or at the bottom for further treatment.
Figure 8.2.1-10 shows the schematic diagram of DAF system. The system
has 2 main parts DAF and flocculation and coagulation: (2.1) Dissolved air flotation part: The main equipments in this part
(shown in Figure 8.2.1-11) are:
- Skimmer scraper 0.18 kW 1 set
- Recycle pump 2.2 kW 2 set (Duty 1, standby 1)
- Air Compressor 0.4 kW 1 set (2.2) Flocculation and coagulation In general, colloidal particles in water contain similar negative
charge. This charge prevents the particle from aggregations. Chemicals such as alum, poly aluminium chloride, polymer, NaOH, etc. can destabilized the charge of colloids and allowing them to aggregate and form bigger particles. The main equipments (shown in Figure 8.2.1-12) are:
- Floculation tank mixer 0.75 kW 1 set
- Alum tank mixer 0.37 kW 1 set
- Alum feed pump 0.2 kW 1 set
- Polymer solution tank mixer 0.37 kW 1 set
- Polymer feed pump 0.2 kW 1 set
- NaOH feed pump 0.2 kW 1 set
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Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
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Dissolved air floatation, DAF is widely used for treating wastewater containing hydrocarbon. The system in Figure 8.2.1-13 is a small package type system which is able to treat wastewater containing oil at the rate of 5 m3/hour with the removal efficiency of 80-90% The treated wastewater should contain less than 5 mg./l/ of oil.
Figure 8.2.1-13 Package type DAF with 5 m3/hour capacity The advantage and disadvantage of DAF system can be summarized as
follow: Advantage
• Required small space
• High efficiency for Oil & Grease removal (80-90%)
• Long-lasting
• Easy to start up and operating condition is easy to adjust
• The system is small and mobile Disadvantage
• Chemicals are needed for higher efficiency.
DAF is widely used in industrial applications for oil and grease removal. Figure 8.2.1-14 to 8.2.1-16 shows the example of DAF in industrial applications.
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Figure 8.2.1-14 DAF of Food Processing Industry in Samutprakarn Province (The Capacity of the system is 94 m3/hour)
Figure 8.2.1-15 DAF of B Lucky Sausage Industry (The capacity of the system is 13 m3/hour)
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Figure 8.2.1-16 DAF of P.B.Fishery Products Co., Ltd. Rayong Province (The capacity of the system is 30 m3/hour)
8.2.2 Conceptual Design of Facilities to Collect, Store and Treat Garbage from Ships 8.2.2.1 Standard Facilities to collect Garbage from Ships The standard facilities for the collection of Garbage from ships comprise of garbage collection barges, garbage collection vehicles and garbage containers. (1) Floating reception facilities to collect garbage are shown in figure 8.2.2-1, advantages and disadvantages are the same as stated in table 8.2.1-1. Source: Bangkok Port, Port Authority of Thailand, 2007
Figure 8.2.2-1 Floating Reception Facility for Garbage Collection 20 ton
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Table 8.2.2-1
Advantages – Disadvantages of Floating reception facilities
Advantage Disadvantage 1. High flexibility 1. Sufficient calm weather required for operation 2. Little draught requirement 2. Sufficient berthing space required 3. High loading capacity 4. Berthing facilities built for other purposes can be
used by floating reception facilities
(2) Garbage collection vehicles are shown in figure 8.2.2-2 and figure 8.2.2-3, the advantages and disadvantages as stated in Table 8.2.1-2 Source: Company Cosmo Truck and Equipment Ltd.
Figure 8.2.2-2 Garbage collection vehicle with capacity of 10 m3
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Source: Company Cosmo Truck and Equipment Ltd.
Figure 8.2.2-3 Garbage collection vehicle with capacity of 20 m3
Table 8.2.2-2 Advantages – Disadvantages of Vehicles
Advantage Disadvantage
1. High flexibility 1. Loading capacity much smaller than the capacity of barges
2. Little draught requirement 2. Vehicle movement on the quay may interfere with other operations
3. High speed movement 3. Access of vehicles to some jetties is not allowed
(3) Garbage containers and other waste receptacles should be installed at adequate locations in the ports whenever it is necessary to have interim storage of waste. A clear identification marking for the type of waste stored in the receptacles is mandatory. The advantages and disadvantages of waste receptacles is given in table 8.2.2-3 and an overview of typical waste receptacles is given in figure 8.2.2-4
Table 8.2.2-3 Advantages – Disadvantages of Waste receptacles
Advantage Disadvantage
1. Avoid waiting time for trucks 1. Double handling of waste 2. Enhance efficiency of waste handling 2. Facilities might cause congestion and
increased risk of accidents 3. In particular economical for smaller ports
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Source: Various companies in Germany and Thailand
Figure 8.2.2-4 Various Garbage receptacles
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8.3 PORT WASTE MANAGEMENT MODEL AND COST ESTIMATION 8.3.1 Port Waste Management Model and Cost Estimation for Bangkok Port 8.3.1.1 Port Waste Management Model for Bangkok Port (1) Site selection for waste treatment facilities from ship Bangkok port is a river port. The facilities of Bangkok port include port landing, stake for ship binding and buoy in the middle of river. Bangkok port has a severe limitation on space. There is no space available for the construction of collection and treatment facilities. Thus consultant propose to prepare the waste reception facilities which is only waste collection equipment. (2) Selection of waste treatment facilities from ship Due to the waste type at Bangkok port consist of oily waste and waste, so the oily waste collection facilities from ship at Bangkok port should consist of truck and container for storing the oily waste and then the waste treatment service company announced by Marine Department will receive for treatment subsequently. The existing garbage management system of Bangkok port which is hiring private sector to collect and dispose to landfill in On-nuch (12 kilometers distance) is appropriate. In addition, consultant propose to install containers at port landing for the crew can throw conveniently waste all the time. The detail of port waste management can conclude in figure 8.3.1-1
Garbage
Berth Oily waste
Container
TruckTreatment/disposal outside port area
Investment cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Investment cost
Operation cost
Storage tank / Container
Investment cost
Treatment/disposal outside port area
Figure 8.3.1-1 Flow Diagram for Bangkok Port Waste Management
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For stake for ship binding and buoy in the middle of river at Bangkok port, marine management organization should prepare ship for collecting the oily waste and waste. Consequently, the waste management service company announced by Marine Department receive for treatment. For the waste, private sector which is hired by Port Authority of Thailand collect and dispose to landfill in Prapradang which is far from port 54 meters. The detail of port waste management can conclude in figure 8.3.1-2 and figure 8.3.1-3 shows map and waste transport direction from Bangkok port to disposal sites.
Garbage
Dolphin /Mooring Buoy
Oily waste
Treatment/disposal outside port area
Investment cost Operation cost
Operation cost
Investment cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Boat
Boat
Investment cost
Operation cost
Treatment/disposal outside port area
Figure 8.3.1-2 Flow Diagram for Port Waste Management System for Dolphin/Mooring Buoy, Bangkok Port
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR
สระบุร ี สระบุร ี
แมน้ําเจาพระยา
Solid Waste Disposal Site; Samutprakarn
โรงบําบดัน้ําเสียชองนนทร ีโรงกําจัดขยะพระปะแดง พระประแดง
12 km
4 .km.
Shong-Nonsri WWTP
Bangkok Port
0.5 km
125 km.
54 km.27 km.
Figure 8.3.1-3 Map and Waste Transport Direction from Bangkok Port to Disposal Sites
N
Eastern Sea board Chachoengsao Samutprakarn
B A N G K O K P O R T
Waste Transportation Direction
Klong TeouyWWTP
(Future facility)
15 km.
On-
nuch
Sol
id W
aste
D
ispo
sal S
ite
Co-incineration, Saraburi Provice
Indu
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il W
aste
In
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8 - 29
On-nuch Solid Waste
On-nuch Solid Waste
Saraburi
Saraburi Saraburi
Shong-Nonsri WWTP Prapradang Solid Waste
N
Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
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Some waste management service company announced by Marine Department dispose the oily waste by co-incineration at Cement Mill which locate in Saraburi, 125 kilometers far from Bangkok Port. The figure 8.3.1-3 shows map and waste transport direction from Bangkok port to disposal sites. 8.3.1.2 Cost Estimation for Bangkok Port Waste Management Bangkok Port is a river port. The main limitation of Bangkok Port is the availability of space for the construction of collection and treatment facilities. It is impossible to have a main stationary facility for collecting and treating waste. Most of the equipments have to be mobile. The main equipments are floating reception facilities, trucks, and containers. The number of trucks and floating reception facilities were calculated based on the assumption that they collect waste 2 times/day. The capacity of the facility should be enough to store waste for at least one day. The man power for floating reception facilities is 5 person/facility and the man power for trucks is 3 person/truck. Fuel cost was estimated based on the distance that floating reception facilities and trucks have to travel. Part of treated oily waste can be recycled. Garbage is collected by floating reception facilities and truck, stored in the containers, and transported to be disposed off at Bangkok Metropolitan municipal landfill. The cost estimation for waste management system of Bangkok Port can be divided to 2 case; 1) Ship Purchase for collecting waste oil; 2) Ship rent for collecting waste oil. The construction cost for preparing waste reception facilities of Bangkok port is 49,280,000 baht and operation cost is 500,383 baht/month. The details of construction and operation cost summarize in table 8.3.1-1. The cast of inadequate investment for purchasing ship, the process of ship rent of the private company should be considered. The ship rent cost is daily 50,000 baht/ship, details of constructin and operation cost summarize in table 8.3.1-2.
Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR 8 - 31 EIA & Monitoring Section
Table 8.3.1-1
Summary of Equipments and Cost for Bangkok Port Waste Management in case of ship purchase for collecting waste oil.
Items Amount Cost (Bahts)
Equipments for Oily Waste Collection
1. Stationary waste pumping equipment (10 m3/hr) 1 set 250,000
2. Waste collection ship (20 m3) (waste and oil) 4 40,000,000
3. Truck (15 m3) for receiving waste from vessels 3 7,500,000
4. Containers (35 m3) 3 1,050,000
Equipments for Garbage Collection
1. Containers (8 m3) 4 480,000
Total equipment cost 49,280,000
Operation Cost 1. Man (10,000 baht/person/month) 2. Fuel (10,000 baht/vehicle/month) 3. Maintenance Cost (2.5% of Equipment cost/12
months)
29 persons
7
290,000
70,000102,667
Total operation cost of Bangkok Port (baht/month) 462,667
Waste Disposal Cost (baht/year)
1. Garbage disposal cost (400 baht/ton) 3.1 ton/day 452,600
2. Oily waste disposal (4,000 baht/ m3) 120 m3/day 175,039,660
Source: Consultant, 2550
Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR 8 - 32 EIA & Monitoring Section
Table 8.3.1-2
Summary of Equipments and Cost for Bangkok Port Waste Management in case of ship rent for collecting waste oil.
Items Amount Cost (Bahts)
Equipments for Oily Waste Collection
1. Stationary waste pumping equipment (10 m3/hr) 1 set 250,000
2. Truck (15 m3) for receiving waste from vessels 3 7,500,000
3. Containers (35 m3) 3 1,050,000
Equipments for Garbage Collection
1. Containers (8 m3) 4 480,000
Total equipment cost 9,280,000
Operation Cost 1. Man (10,000 baht/person/month) 2. Fuel (10,000 baht/vehicle/month) 3. Maintenance Cost (2.5% of Equipment cost/12
months)
9 persons
3
90,00030,00018,333
Waste Disposal Cost
1. Ship rent cost for collecting waste oil (50,000 baht/ship)
2 ships/day 3,000,000
Total operation cost of Bangkok Port (baht/month) 3,138,333Source: Consultant, 2550
Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR 8 - 33 EIA & Monitoring Section
8.3.2 Port Waste Management Model and Cost Estimation for Laemchabang Port 8.3.2.1 Laem Chabang Port Waste Management (1) Site selection for waste treatment facilities from ship Due to Laem Chabang Port Authority has policy of oily waste treatment system installation at port, consequently, consultant propose to install DAF (Dissolved Air Flotation) because it is a high potential oily waste treatment system and the treated wastewater meet the standard before combining with the municipal wastewater. Laem Chabang Port Authority has been addressed the location of oily waste treatment system according to the development plan as shown in figure 8.3.2-2. (2) Selection of waste treatment facilities from ship The waste management in Laem Chabang port should prepare the waste collection facilities for oily waste and garbage type, i.e. stationary waste pumping equipment for pump the oily waste out off ship, truck, container for storing the oily waste before treating and DAF system for treating the oily waste. Sludge after oil treatment can be used as fuel in cement mill which locate in Saraburi (200 kilometers far from Laem Chabang port) or send to the private companies which are announced by the Marine Department to collect sludge oil from ship to be continued treat. For ship garbage management, consultant propose to install containers at port landing for the crew can throw conveniently waste all the time and disposed to landfill in ChaoprayaSurasak or Laem Chabang (45 kilometers far from port) by private sector or municipality which contracted with Port Authority. Figure 8.3.2-1 Flow Diagram for Laem Chabang Port Waste Management and figure 8.3.2-2 shows map and waste transport direction from Laem Chabang port to disposal sites.
Garbage
BerthOily
waste
Container
Truck Storage tank/Container
Investment cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
DAF
Investment cost
Operation cost
Investment cost Operation cost
Investment cost
Operation cost
Treatment/disposal outside port area
Truck
Investment cost
Operation costReuse
Sludge oil
Figure 8.3.2-1 Flow Diagram for Laem Chabang Port Waste Management
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR
L A E M C H A B A N G P O R T
Waste Transportation Direction
Laem Chabang WasteWater Treatment Plant and Solid waste Disposal Plant, Incinerators at Chachoengsao, Samutprakarn, and Saraburi Provinces
Laemchabang Landfill (46 km.)
Laem
chaban
g WWT
P (10
km.)
Laemchabang Port
Figure 8.3.2-2 Map and Waste Transport Direction from Laem Chabang Port to Disposal Sites
8 - 34
Chachoengsao Provinces (49 km.) Samutprakarn Provinces (123 km.) Saraburi Provinces (202 km.)
Location of DAF installation
N N
Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR 8 - 35 EIA & Monitoring Section
8.3.2.2 Cost Estimation for Laem Chabang Port Waste Management The main equipments for Laem Chabang Port waste collection are pumping system for transferring oily waste from vessels, trucks, and containers. Preliminary treatment of oily bilge water by DAF is recommended. The investment cost for DAF is approximately 24,000,000 baht. The truck and containers use for collecting and storing waste. The number of trucks calculate based on the assumption of the generated oily waste amount and the waste volume which can be received not less than 1 day. The installation cost for garbage collection equipment at port is 1,920,000 baht. The operation cost consists of man, fuel and chemicals. The man power for trucks is 3 persons/truck. The oily waste operation should have 3 sets. Fuel cost was estimated based on the distance that floating reception facilities and trucks have to travel daily. Operating cost for DAF system includes chemicals and energy cost is approximately 454,000 baht/month. Part of treated oily waste can be recycled. Garbage is collected by truck will send to dispose in landfill of municipality which is 400 baht/ton for disposal cost and 2,000 baht/m3 for oily sludge treatment. The detail shows in table 8.3.2-1.
Table 8.3.2-1 Summary of Equipments and Cost for Laem Chabang Port Waste Management
Items Amount Cost (Bahts)
Equipments for Oily Waste Collection 1. Stationary waste collection equipment (10 m3/hr) 3 set 750,000
2. Truck (15 m3) for receiving waste from vessels to container
5 12,500,000
3. Containers (35 m3) 7 2,450,000
4. Truck (15 m3) for receiving waste from vessels to disposal site
3 7,500,000
Equipments for Garbage Collection
1. Containers (8 m3) 16 1,920,000
Equipment for Oily Waste Treatment
1. DAF (5 m3/hr) 2 800,000Total equipment cost 25,920,000Operation Cost (per month)
1. Man (10,000 baht/person/month) 2. Fuel (10,000 baht/vehicle/month) 3. Maintenance Cost (2.5% of Equipment cost/12
months) 4. Chemical for DAF (240,000 baht/year)
30 persons
8
300,000
80,00054,000
20,000
Waste Disposal Cost 1. Garbage disposal cost (400 baht/ton) 2. Oily sludge treatment (2,000 baht/ m3)
5.8 ton/day 29.7 m3/day
70,5672,415,083
Total operation cost of Laem Chabang Port (baht/month)
2,939,650
* 39.7 m3/d = sludge oil (28.6 m3/d) + 5% of oily water (222.0 m3/d) Source: Consultant, 2550
Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR 8 - 36 EIA & Monitoring Section
8.3.3 Port Waste Management Model and Cost Estimation for Maptaphut Port 8.3.3.1 Maptaphut Port Waste Management (1) Site selection for waste treatment facilities from ship Maptaphut Port has the same policy of oily waste treatment system installation at port as Leam Chabung Port. Port Authority has been prepared the area for oily waste treatment system installation. The location of waste treatment system shows in figure 8.3.3-2. (2) Selection of waste treatment facilities from ship For Maptaphut Port waste management system, reception facilities for oily waste and garbage are needed, i.e. stationary oil collection equipment for pumping the oily waste from ship, containers, and truck. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF), one of the good treatment systems for treated oil contaminated water, is recommended. Garbage can be disposed in the prepared containers at the port, and then sent to landfill by municipality at Maptaphut in Rayong. Figure 8.3.3-1 shows the diagram for waste management for Maptaphut Port. Figure 8.3.3-2 shows the map and waste transportation direction from Maptaphut Port to disposal sites.
Garbage
BerthOily
waste
Container
Truck Storage tank/Container
Investment cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
DAF
Investment cost
Operation cost
Investment cost Operation cost
Investment cost
Operation cost
Treatment/disposal outside port area
Truck
Investment cost
Operation costReuse
Sludge oil
Figure 8.3.3-1 Flow Diagram for Maptaphut Port Waste Management
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR
Chachoengsao Province (117 km) Samutprakarn Province (192 km) Saraburi Province (257 km)
M A P T H A P U T P O R T
Waste Transportation Direction
Maptaphut WWTP, Maptaphut Landfil, Chachoengsao, Saraburi, and Samutprakarn Province Incinerators
Mapthaput Port
S E A
Map
thap
ut W
WTP
(8 km
)
Laem
chaban
g WWT
P (10
km)
Figure 8.3.3-2 Map and Waste Transport Direction from Mapthaput Port to Disposal Site 8 - 37
Location of DAF installation
N N
Final Report Port Waste Management in Thai Ports Project Chapter 8Conceptual Design for Port Waste Management System
Marine Department/Eng/Env.division/E-Ch08-FR 8 - 38 EIA & Monitoring Section
8.3.3.2 Cost Estimation for Mapthaput Port Waste Management Mapthaput Port should install the stationary oil collection equipment for pumping oily waste from ship, install DAF system for separating oil from water and reduce the volume of oil which send to dispose subsequently, and provide containers for collecting garbage from ship at the port. The installation cost is approximately 15,930,000 baht. The truck and containers use for collecting and storing waste. The number of trucks calculate based on the assumption of the generated oily waste amount and the waste volume which can be received not less than 1 day. The operation cost consists of man, fuel and chemicals. The man power for trucks is 3 persons/truck. The oily waste operation should have 3 sets. Fuel cost was estimated based on the distance that floating reception facilities and trucks have to travel daily. Operating cost for DAF system includes chemicals and energy is approximately 313,188 baht/month. Part of treated oily waste can be recycled. Garbage is collected by truck will send to dispose in landfill of municipality which is 400 baht/ton for disposal cost and 2,000 baht/m3 for oily sludge treatment. The detail shows in table 8.3.3-1.
Table 8.3.3-1 Summary of Equipments and Cost for Mapthaput Port Waste Management
Items Amount Cost (Bahts)
Equipments for Oily Waste Collection
1. Stationary waste collection equipment (10 m3/hr) 5 set 500,000
2. Truck (15 m3) for receiving waste from vessels to container
3 7,500,000
3. Containers (35 m3) 3 1,050,0004. Truck (15 m3) for receiving waste from vessels to
disposal site 2 5,000,000
Equipments for Garbage Collection 1. Containers (8 m3) 9 1,080,000
Equipment for Oily Waste Treatment
1. DAF (5 m3/hr) 2 800,000Total equipment cost 25,920,000Operation Cost (per month)
1. Man (10,000 baht/person/month) 2. Fuel (10,000 baht/vehicle/month) 3. Maintenance Cost (2.5% of Equipment cost/12
months) 4. Chemical for DAF (240,000 baht/year)
21 persons
5
210,000
50,00033,188
20,000Waste Disposal Cost
1. Garbage disposal cost (400 baht/ton) 2. Oily sludge treatment (2,000 baht/ m3)
4.3 ton/day 16.1 m3/day
52,317979,417
Total operation cost of Mapthaput Port (baht/month) 1,344,922* 16.1 m3/d = sludge oil (11.3 m3/d) + 5% of oily water (95.7 m3/d) Source: Consultant, 2007