bioinsumos y desarrollo sostenible
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOLOGICALINPUTS
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
DEVELEOPMENT
ECOSENSE LABS (I) PVT. LTD. INDIA.
ABIM2011
Lucerne,Switzerland
24 26 October2011
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OGoddessEarth,Oallenduringwideexpanses!
Salutationto
thee.
NowIamgoingtobegincultivation.
Bepleased,OvirtuousOne.
Ancient
Sanskrit
prayer
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STRUCTUREOFPRESENTATION
Food Production & Productivity
NutritionalInputs
Biological
Vs.
Conventional
Seed Care An Emerging OpportunityforBioControls
Food
Security
Challenges&
Suggestions
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BIOCONTROLS
GM CROPS
BIOFERTILISERS
FOOD SECURITY
SOIL HEALTH
AGRICULTURE BUZZWORDS THIS DECADE
SEED CARE
INM
WATER SECURITY
CLIMATE CHANGE
BIOFUELS
CARBON FOOTPRINT
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
WorldAvg.Pulses
WorldAvg.Wheat
WorldAvg.
Paddy
WorldAvg.Maize
WorldAvg.9Oilseeds
World Average Yields of Major Crops Cereals,Pulses,Oilseeds
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The ChallengeforAgroInputsIndustry 2030
FAOestimatesthatinorderforSouthAsiatoavoidaFoodCrisis:
WheatYieldswillhavetoincreaseby 28%
Rice
Yields
will
have
to
increase
by
23%PulsesYieldswillhavetoincreaseby 52%
OilseedsYieldswillhavetoincreaseby 48%
Change
in
Consumption
Patterns/
Diets
in
Developing
Countries
(FAO
estimate) RicewillDecrease
WheatwillIncrease
CoarseCerealsNoChange
PulsesNoChange
Sugarwill
Increase
FruitswillIncrease
Oilseeds/VegetableOilswillIncreaseGeometrically
MeatwillIncreaseGeometrically
Dairy
will
Increase
Geometrically
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CHEMICAL
FERTILSERS BIO
FERTILISERSDefinition: Any of a large number of natural
and synthetic materials, including manure and
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
compounds, spread on or worked into soil to
increase its capacity to support plant growth.
Definition: Some microbes like Bacteria, Fungi
and Algae are capable of Fixing Atmospheric
Nitrogen, Solubilising Insoluble Soil
Phosphates, or Mobilising Potash, making
them available to plant roots. Materials
carrying these microbes are Biofertilisers.
Only 3040% of the applied Nitrogenous
Fertiliser is available to the plant the balance is
lost in the air after application.
Nitrogen Fixing BioFertilisers can provide the
plants with upto 50% of Nitrogen needed from
the air itself.Only 2025% of the applied Phosphatic
Fertiliser is available to the plant the balance is
locked in the soil after application.
Phosphate Solubilising BioFertilisers can
increase the availability of Phosphorus by
releasing upto 15% of the Phosphorus locked
in the soil.
Only 1525% of the applied Potash Fertiliser is
available to the plant the balance is locked in
the soil after application.
Potassium Mobilising BioFertilisers can
increase the availability of Potassium by
releasing upto 20% of the Potassium locked in
the soil.
ComparingChemicalandBiologicalFertilisers
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BRIEFSUMMARY
OF
NUTRIENT
ECONOMICS
OF
BIOFERTILISERSvs.CHEMICALFERTILISERS
QuantityofBiofertiliser SavingthroughChemicalNutrients
1TonofRhizobium inoculants 100TonsofNitrogen(minfixation50KgN/ha)
1TonAzotobacter/Azospirillum 40TonsofNitrogen(minfixation50KgN/ha)
1TonofPhosphateSolubiliser 24TonsofPhosphorous(min solubilisation 40KgP/ha)
1 TonofPotashMobilisers 5TonsofPotash(minmobilisation25to35Kg K/ha)
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WHYIS
NITROGEN
FIXATION
NECESSARY
?
Nitrogenisanimportantmacronutrientfortheplantresponsiblefor
Vegetativegrowth. OftheAppliedNitrogenonly25%isutilised byplants.
Thebalance
75%
is
lost
to
the
atmosphere
and
leached
out.
FIXATION:ThechemicalreactionbywhichtheAtmosphericNitrogengetsconvertedto
Ammonia.
NITRIFICATION:ConversionofAmmoniatoNitrates,whichisthenabsorbedbyPlantRoots
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NITROGENFIXATIONGRAPHICMODEL
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WHYAREPHOSPHATESOLUBILISERSNECESSARY?
Phosphorousisanimportantmacronutrientfortheplant
responsiblefor
flowering
and
fruiting.
Of
the
applied
Phosphorousonly20%isutilised byplants.
REVERSION:
Thechemical
reaction
by
which
the
applied
phosphate
gets
fixed,whichinvolves:
FixationorAdsorptionofappliedPontoactivesitesof
oxidesofIron,AluminumandCalciumformingstable
compoundswhich
are
insoluble
in
water.
MODEOFACTION:
PSB PRODUCES MILD ORGANIC ACIDS LIKE (TARTARIC,
MALIC, FUMERIC, etc.) AND ENZYMES, WHICH HELPS IN
SOLUBILISNG PHOSPHOROUS, THIS SOLUBILISED
PHOSPHOROUS IS EASILY TAKEN UP BY THE PLANTS FOR
THEIR GROWTH.
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Formsof SoilPotashandroleofPotashMobilising Bacteria UnavailableKisfoundinMineralslikeFeldsparsandMicas,
unusablebyplants,butreleasedintothesoilbyweathering,which
isvery
slow
to
supply
plant
needs.
SlowlyAvailableKisfoundtrappedbetweenlayersofclaymineralsandisFixedandcanbereleasedwhentheclaysbecomewet,butagaingetsfixedwhentheclaysbecomedry. Thereisacontinuousexchangebetweenslowlyavailableandreadilyavailable,wherein
theclays
act
as
areservoir
for
the
readily
available
K.
ReadilyAvailableKiswhatiswatersolubleandfoundadsorbedontothesurfaceofsoilcolloids. ThisformofKisalwaysavailabletotheplantsandhelpsinthedesiredplantgrowth.
Mobilising PotassiumintheSoil:Mobilising Potassiuminthesoilcanbeachievedbysomeformsofmicroorganisms,whichareabletoreleasetheKtrappedinbetweenlayersofclaybymeansofphysicalprocessesandenhancingcation exchangecapacities.
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POTASSIUMMOBILISIATIONGRAPHICMODEL
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AidsPlant
uptake
of
Macro
Nutrients
like
Nitrogen,
Phosphorus
&
Potassium.
Increasetheyieldby1020%ascomparedtoChemicalFertilisers.
AverageCostBenefitRatioforCereals(Paddy/Wheat)is 20.
Economicalto
the
farmer.
GivesbiologicalNitrogen,PhosphorusandPotassiumtotheplant.
EnhancesRootDevelopment,VegetativeGrowthandFlowering,byreleaseof
auxins,vitamins
&
hormones.
Improvessoilhealth&productivity&survivalofbeneficialSoilmicrobes.
Environmentalfriendly,RenewablesourceofNutrients.
ReducesCarbon
Footprint.
Major EarningsviaCarbonCredits
ADVANTAGESOFBIOFERTILISERSOVERCHEMICALFERTILISERS
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PerceptionofSeeds ThenandNow
One for the rock, one for the crow,One to die, and one to grow.- English saying One for blackbird, one for the crow,One for the cutworm, and one to grow.
- American saying I ask not for a larger garden,but for finer seeds.
- Russell H.Conwell
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WorldSeedTreatmentScenario
SeedTreatmentMarketin2001=USD900Million.
SeedTreatmentMarketin2010=USD2.8Billion.
Trends:
CropAcreageisstagnating.
HighSeedingrateisbeingreplacedbybestavailableseedtreatment.
SeedCost
is
increasing
every
year.
GMSeedseveryseedhasavalue.
Costeffectivemethod lessera.i.perha.
DiseaseProtection
is
most
desired,
followed
by
Insect
Protection.
NewChemical/BiologicalProducts FasterDevelopment&Adoption.
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Seed Treatment Innovations:
MostGMseedsinUSA/Canadahavemin4coats
1) DiseaseProtection.
2) BioInoculums.
3) InsectProtection.
4) MicroNutrients.
PolymerCoatings(Polyvinyls)beingreplacedby
Renewables likeSoybean/Corn.
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Dedicated Facilities LowDoseofa.i.s,HighlyMechanized,
KnowledgeandCapitalIntensive,LongGestationPeriod,
NewAgServiceIndustry SeedCare
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Presently,about70%seedrequirementisthefarmersown
stock,sownwithouttreatment.
Only
Commercial
Hybrid
Seeds
are
100%
Treated
at
Processing
Plantlevel.
Govt.estimatesanaverage80%ofseedssowninIndiaare
Untreatedcomparedto100%seedtreatmentpracticein
developedcountries.
Stateseedagenciessupplytreatmentchemicalinasmallpouch
Allmaynotbeusingit?
Only10
15%
of
Self
pollinated
crops
seeds
are
treated.
Seedtreatmentestimatedtoenhanceproductivityby810%.
StatusofSeedtreatmentinIndia
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IndianGovt.InitiativesforSeedCare.
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Crop Disease ConventionalControl Biological
Control
Wheat LooseSmut/FalseSmut Tebuconazole/Carbendazim Trichoderma
Barley LooseSmut/FalseSmut Carboxin/Thiram Trichoderma/Pseudomonas
Maize/Millets Charcoal Rot/RootRot Carbendazim/ Thiram Trichoderma
Rice RootRot/Sheath
Blight Carbendazim/
Kitazin Trichoderma/
Pseudomonas
Chillies Dampingoff/Wilt Carbendazim/Captan Trichoderma/Pseudomonas
Potato Blight/ Mancozeb/Carbendazim Trichoderma
Tomato Dampingoff/Wilt Carbendazim/Captan/Thiram Trichoderma/Pseudomonas
Onion PurpleBlotch Mancozeb Trichoderma/ Pseudomonas
Sunflower RootRot/SeedlingRot Carbendazim/Captan/Thiram Trichoderma
Mustard StemRot Carbendazim Trichoderma/Pseudomonas
Soybean RootRot/SeedlingRot Carbendaziim/Thiram Trichoderma
Cruciferous
vegetables Dampingoff/Wilt Carbendazim/Captan Trichoderma/Pseudomonas
Chickpea Wilt/Dampingoff Carbendazim/Thiram Trichoderma
Groundnut
RootRot/Collar Rot/
Aflatoxins Carbendazim/Mancozeb/Thiram Trichoderma
SEED CARE CHEMICAL CONTROL Vrs. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
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Howto:Suggestions
Indiahas13.42millionHaofCultivableWasteLandsasof200607.
ImproveSoilHealth/ProductivityoftheseLands UseCityCompost.
SupplementuseofChemicalFertilizerswithBiologicalFertilizers.
ProvideQualityGMSeedswithDesirableTraitslikeDrought
Tolerance,Disease
Resistance,
Nitrogen
Fixation,
WorldclassSeedCareusingBioControls.
UseBioTechnologytoprovideeffectiveLowA.I.DoseProducts.
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Thank You
KETANMEHTA
ECOSENSE
LABS
(INDIA)
PVT.
LTD.Email:[email protected]