biodiesel mbtc presentation
TRANSCRIPT
8/7/2019 Biodiesel MBTC Presentation
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Biodiesel Research
University of ArkansasMack Blackwell Transportation Center
Presented by:
Brian Mattingly
On behalf of:
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness
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Research Summary
Comparative
Esterification of
Agricultural Oils for
Biodiesel Blending
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Survey of Arkansas-based AgriculturalProducts
Nine grades of fat/oil.
Standard reaction procedure.
ASTM tests for biodiesel quality.
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Raw Oils
Soybean oil
± Refined and bleached ± Refined
± Degummed
± Crude
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Raw Oils
Rice bran oil
± Refined and bleached ± Refined
± Crude
Chicken fat fractions
± Pet grade (Low FFA)
± Feed grade (Higher FFA)
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Reaction Procedure
Triglyceride + 3 ROH Catalyst 3 R¶CO2R + Glycerin
Oil/fat + Methanol NaOH Methyl esters + Glycerin
150 mL oil/fat
75 mL methanol (excess)
1% NaOH (by weight of oil)
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Reaction Procedure
1. Agitate at 55-60° C for one hour.
2. Separate methyl esters and glycerin(gravity separation).
3. Distill methanol from the methyl esters and
glycerin.
4. Centrifuge methyl esters to separate any
unreacted material.
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ASTM Tests
Cetane number*
Lubricity*
Kinematic viscosity
Flash point
Heat of combustion
Cloud point
Sulfated ash Copper corrosion
*Test was performed on methyl esters from chicken fat and refined,bleached soybean oil.
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Summary of Results
Biodiesel yield increased with the level of
refinement of the raw oil/fat. ± Less methanol was required for reaction.
± Less glycerin was produced.
± Less unreacted material was produced.
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Summary of Results
Generally good results from ASTM tests.
Some test results needed to be improved. ± Kinematic viscosity
± Flash point
± Sulfated ash
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Summary of Results
After distillation, some biodiesel samples
formed a haze or gel of ³unreacted material´upon cooling to room temperature.
± Was removed by centrifugation.
± May affect cold flow properties.
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Summary of Results
Oil/Fat
Breakeven Biodiesel
Price* ($/gal)
Breakdown of Breakeven
Biodiesel Price
Oil ($/gal) Methanol ($/gal)
R BSO 1.87 1.70 0.17
R SO 1.81 1.66 0.16
DSO 1.74 1.56 0.18
CSO 1.91 1.70 0.21
R BR BO na na 0.15
RR BO na na 0.18
CR BO na na 0.30
HYCF 1.17 0.98 0.20
LYCF 2.11 1.80 0.30
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Summary of Results
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
1 1 5
2 9
4 3
5 1
8 5
9 9
1 1 3
1 2 7
1 4 1
1 5 5
1 6 9
1 8 3
1 9 7
2 1 1
2 2 5
Wee um er
$ /
a l l o
Y
Y
S
S
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Summary of Results
Scenario CF
BiodieselCost
($/gal)
Glycerin Unreacted Material
Price
($/lb)
Production
(lb/gal)
Value
($/gal)
Production
(lb/gal)
Cost
($/gal)
No Byproduct
Consideration HY 1.50 0.00 1.38 na 0.63 na
Glycerin ±
Market Price LY
0.85 to
0.18
0.47 to
0.77 2.23
1.05 to
1.72 2.52 na
Glycerin ±
Low Output HY
0.87 to
1.50
0.46 to
0.00 1.38
0.00 to
0.63 0.63 na
Disposal Cost HY 1.53 -0.015 1.38 -0.02 0.63 -0.01
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Future Research
Focus on chicken fat and/or beef tallow
± Optimize biodiesel yield ± Determine glycerin and free fatty acid content in
raw materials and products FAME
± Improve excess NaOH removal
± Develop reaction kinetics
± Improve ASTM test results
± Determine the quality of the glycerin
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Optimize Biodiesel Yield
Vary reaction conditions
± Temperature ± Pressure
± Reaction time
± Amount and type of catalyst
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Optimize Biodiesel Yield
Two-step process for raw materials with
higher levels of free fatty acids (FFA¶s).1. Separate FFA¶s from glycerides.
2. React glycerides with base catalyst.
3. React FFA¶s with acid catalyst.
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Optimize Biodiesel Yield
Improve Excess NaOH removal
± Water wash ± Neutralize with acid
Sulfuric acid
Acetic acid
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Improve ASTM Test Results
Flash point ± Better distillation of biodiesel to ensure complete methanol
removal.
Cold flow properties ± Use commercial fuel additives to reduce the gel formation
temperature.
Sulfated ash ± Identify and quantify the source of the sulfur.
Kinematic Viscosity ± Improve removal of glycerin.
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Overall Goal
Develop an economically feasible process for
producing biodiesel from Arkansas basedagricultural products.