bases de datos | udg 2005

7/22/2019 Bases de Datos | UDG 2005

1/185

@csj mj Mctds

F, Ks, Hcvijr Gdlzojz [lkbjz

hcvijrgsNckf,drg


2/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 0

Zlivjrsimcm mj Gucmcochcrc

Kjltrd Zlivjrsitcrid mj Kijlkics Jkdlfikd Cmfilistrctivcs

Kddrmilckil mj Ilvjstigckil y ^dstgrcmd

Fcjstrc jl ]jkldodgcs mj oc Iledrfckil


3/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;

sjfclc kocsj jvcouckil

>3, >>, ^rjsjltckil mjo Kursd

>3, Kdlkjptds Gjljrcojs

>0, Bistdric

>;, Crquitjkturc y [istjfc mj @M

J3, Jxcfjl mj u`ikckil

>0, >=, Fdmjod JP ^rcktikc kdl JP

>;, >:, Cofckjlcfijltd esikd

>5, Ojlguchjs

J0, Kdlkjptds

>=, >7, Fdmjod Pjockidlco J;, Jxcfjl mj rjpcsdcofckjlcfijltd

>:, >2, ogj`rc Pjockidlco Jhjrkikid

>5, >2, ogj`rc Pjockidlco J=, Jxcfjl mj rjpcsd

>7, >9, [SO

3>, PM@F[ y dtrcs bjrrcfijltcs

33, rdyjktd

^rdyjktd pcrkico

>2, 30, Jxcfjl mj pjridmd pcrkico3;, Iltrdmukkil c Ldrfcoizckil

Jxcfjl pcrkico

>9, 3=, Ldrfcoizckil mjpjlmjlkics y mjskdfpdsikil)

3:, Mjskdfpdsikil3>, 35, Kcsd mj Jstumid

35, Ldrfcoizckil fuotivcoucmc mjpjlmjlkics y mjskdfpdsikil)

J:, Fdmjod Pjockidlco

33, 37, rcktikc Pjockidlco

30, 32, Fdmjod D`hjtd y D`hjtd Pjockidlco

39, Jltrjgc mjo prdyjktd eilco

Pjpcsd Gjljrco

3;, 0>, Jxcfjl Eilco Jxcfjl Eilco


4/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =


5/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg :

D`hjtivd

Kdlkjptds

Misjd mj `csj mj mctds

fdmjocmd y ldrfcoizckil

Ifpojfjltckil mj `csj mj mctds

ojlguchjs y eckioimcmjs iltjreckjs)

jstcmd mjo crtj8 mistri`uimcs/ jspckicojs/ drijltcmcs cd`hjtds/ rjockidlcojs/ dtrcs


6/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 5

Cltjkjmjltjs

^rdgrcfckil

Jstrukturc mj mctds

Drgclizckil kdfputckidlco

[istjfcs dpjrctivds cvclzcmds (^rdgrcfckil cvclzcmc (

Ilgjlijrc mj [detwcrj (

prj & rjquisitd


7/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 7

0:* jxcfjl pcrkico8

0:* jxcfjl eilco8

;>* prdyjktd8

0>* tcrjcs y jhjrkids jl kocsj

3>>*

Jvcouckil


8/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 2

@i`oidgrcec

Eulmcfjltcos de mctc`csj systjfsPcfjz Jofcsri/ [bcfaclt @, Lcvctbj

Cmmisdl&Wjsojy/ 0>>>/ ;rc jmikil,

Mctc`csj systjfs 8 tbj kdfpojtj `ddaBktdr Gcrkc&Fdoilc/ Hjeerjy M, Zoofcl/ Hjlliejr Wimdf,^rjltikj Bcoo/ 0>>0,

Cl iltrdmuktidl td mctc`csj systjfsK, H, Mctj^jcrsdl $ Cmmisdl Wjsojy/ 0>>=, 2vc, Jmitidl,


9/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 9

Iltrdmukkil c ocs `csjs mj mctds

D`hjkt Drijltjm Mctc @csjs

Pjejrjlkics


10/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 3>

J3 & jxcfjl mj Z`ikckil


11/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 33

>3, Kdlkjptds gjljrcojs


12/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 30

@M/ @MF[/ sistjfc mj @M

@csj mj Mctds

Kdojkkil mj mctdsPjockil ogikc y kdbjrjltj

Misjd jspjkieikd

M@F[

^rdgrcfcCmfilistrcmdr

[istjfc mj `csj mj mctds

M@F[ ! M@


13/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 3;

Fjtc mctckctcodgd

mctc

M@F[

M@ cpoikckil

kdlkurrjlkic MMO kdfpiojr

cmfilistrcmdr

qujry kdfpiocmdr

Jsqujfc mjo [istjfc


14/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 3=

Kikod mj Mjscrrdood

Mjeilir QC%MVjspjkieikcr tipds

Kdlstruircofckjlcr

Fclipuocrkdlsuotc/ cktucoizckidl/ jtk


15/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 3:

Kdlkjptds

Fjtc&mctds8jsqujfcs 6 iltjlkil

Ilstclkics8mctds 6 jxtjlsil

jstcmdsUistcs

Dpjrckil c`strcktcKdlkurrjlkic]rclsckkil^jrsistjlkic

Pjockil

Pjstrikkil mjiltjgrimcm

@ckaup rjspcomd)

Pjkdvjry

rjkupjrckil)

Jskcoc`ioimcm

Y bc`oclmd mj @M vjrsus Eioj[ystjfs


16/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 35

>0, Bistdric


17/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 37

39=: kiltcs y `squjmc oiljco

39:9 ckkjsd cojctdrid c mctds jl cofckjlcfijltd

jojktrlikd

395> fdmjod hjrrquikd/ jl rjm y fuotiusucrid

397> ]jm Kdmm prjsjltc jo fdmjod rjockidlco

3975 Kbjl prjsjltc jofdmjod jltimcm rjockil

3975 Ojlguchjs mj kdlsuotc8 [SO/ S@J/ SZJO

392> M@F[ pcrc ^K "M`csj/ ^crcmdx)

392; M@F[ kdfjrkicojs8 Drckoj/ [y`csj/ Iledrfix

392: [SO jstclmcr prjoifilcr399> Ilkdrpdrckil mj kcpckimcmjs y

cktivimcmjs mjmuktivcs/ jspckicojs/

tjfpdrcojs y fuotifjmic,

399> ^crcojoisfd

Bistdric


18/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 32

>;, [istjfcs y Crquitjkturcs mj @m


19/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 39

Fdmjod mj Mctds

Livjojs mj c`strckkil

Dkuotcr mjtcoojs mjo cofckjlcfijltdesikd

Mjskri`ir kdlkjptucofjltj oc jstrukturcmj oc `csj mj mctds8 tipds/ rjockidljs/rjstrikkidljs/ dpjrckidljs ojlguchj),


20/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 0>

Fdmjod mj Mctds

Kdlkjptuco8 cotd livjoFDMJOD JP & Jltimcm/ ctri`utd/ rjockil

Pjprjsjltctivd8Kocsjs/ rjgistrds

FDMJOD PJOCKIDLCO/ PJM/ HJPCPSZIKD/ DD^

EI[IKD8 livjo `chdPutcs pctbs)

Cofckjlcfijltd esikd


21/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 03

Crquitjkturc ; kcpcs

Iltjrlc8 cofckl esikd

Kdlkjptuco8jsqujfc mj livjo cotd d fjmid

Jxtjrld8 vistcs mj usucrid)jsqujfc mj livjo cotd d fjmid

Fcpjd8 trclsedrfckil mj pjtikil$rjspujstc

Ilmjpjlmjlkicogikc mj mctds

Ilmjpjlmjlkicesikc mj mctds


22/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 00

Kocsieikckil mj sistjfcs mj @M

^dr fdmjod mj mctds8

Pjockidlco cotd livjo) &< tcòcs/ ojlguchj cotd livjoPjm&< rjgistrds/ jf`jìmd c ojlguchjs vcridsHjrrquikd&< r`dojs/ sil ojlguchj jspjkicoDD^ &< d`hjtds$kocsjs/

^dr Zsucrids8

[ifpoj y fuotiusucrid

^dr sitids8

Kjltrcoizcmd y mistriùimd y bdfdgljd d bjtjrdgljd

^dr kdstd8

^dr prdpsitd8

Gjljrco d jspjkico


23/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 0;

]38 kdlkjptds

Ojkturc mjo oi`rd mj tjxtd

Kdlkjptds gjljrcojs Fdmjod Jltimcm & Pjockil


24/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 0=


25/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 0:

>=, Fdmjod JP


26/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 05

Fdmjod mj cotd livjo

i,j, ld js ul fdmjod rjprjsjltctivd d mj ifpojfjltckil,J[ ZL FDMJOD KDLKJ^]ZCOpcrc oc kdlstrukkil mj jsqujfcs

clcoikjfds jo fdmjod sifpoj

Fdmjod JP


27/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 07

prd`ojfc

rjqujrifijltdscloisis

CO]D LILJO8Misjd kdlkjptuco

[kbjfcs]ipds/ rjockidljs/

kdlstrcilt

misjd

trclsckkidljs

ifpojfjltckil

M@F[Fdmjod mj

Ifpojfjltckil!

Fdmjod Esikd

ZFOMicgrcfc mj eouhd

Jtk,

Pjgocs mjo ljgdkid

Ojlguchj mj^rdgrcfckil

!Kdfpiockil

Mctds pjrsistjltjs prdgrcfckil

Fdmjod JP


28/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 02

Kdlstrukkil8 jltimcm

]ipd mj Jltimcm jltity typj) #iltjlkidlldf`rj ! ctri`utds

ckcsd js ulc kocsj 4

Jltimcm 6 mctd 6 kdsc jl jo fulmdckcsd ul d`hjtd4 #jxtjlsidl

Jltimcm y Jltimcm ergio,

[ustcltivd silguocr


29/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 09

Kdlstrukkil8 ctri`utd

]ipds mj Ctri`utds8

[ifpoj $ kdfpujstd)# ulc mirjkkidl

Fdldvcoucmd $ {fuotivcoucmd}# ul kdodr/ ul grcmd ckcmjfikd

Cofckjlcmd$mjrivcmd# jmcm y ejkbc

Luoo

Oocvj#


30/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;>

Kdlstrukkil8 rjockil

]ipd mj Pjockil 8 csdkickil jltrj ]ipds Jltimcm,

Ilstclkic mj Pjockidl8TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Grcmd# + mj pcrtikipcltjs ìlcric/ tjrlcric)

Kcrmilcoimcm cogd csi 38L/ 383/ F8L ^crtikipckidl tdtco "dòigcmc) d pcrkico

Pdo# cpdrtj mj oc jltimcm c oc rjockidl

Pjockidl Pjkursivc# TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

D`hjtds tijljl d oocvjs edrcljcs 4

Ctriùtds jl rjockidljs

Ujr`d


31/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;3

Micgrcfcs JP

Ctriùtd

Ctriùtd

Oocvj pcrkico

Ctriùtdfuotivcodr

Kdfpujstd

rjockil

Jltity typj Jltity typj ergio

Ctriùtdmjrivcmd

Ctriùtd Oocvj


32/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;0

C prcktikcr


33/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;;

]crjc 0

Fdmjod JP mjo sistjfc mj

0>>=) & rjvistc migitco

0>>:) & ulivjrsimcm virtuco

0>>5) & rjkursds mj iledrfckil kdldkifijltds)


34/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;=


35/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;:

>:, Cofckjlcfijltd esikd


36/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;5

Cofckjlcfijltd esikdDrgclizckil mj mctds jl rjgistrds y crkbivds jl ul fjmid mj

cofckjlcfijltd

Fjmid prifcrid 6 rpimd y oifitcmdFjmid sjkulmcrid 6 ojltd y jxtjlsd/ mj `chd kdstd

Fdmjod JP


37/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;7

Crquitjkturc

@it@ytjîstcKioilmrd[jktdrjs # BW

@odquj# [W

ltjr òdqujs gcps)Koustjr

K^Z

Fjmid sjkulmcrid

Pdtckil]rclsejrjlkic

octjlkic

Fjmid prifcrid

@ueejr & PCF

edr

fct

Zlimcm mj trclsejrjlkic8@odquj

Mirjkkil8[upjreikij8pistc8òdquj


38/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;2

Kdlkjptds

Jltimcm#rjgistrd

]ipd jltimcm# fjtcmctd tipds)8 ilt mctj/ `ddojcl/òd` ìlcry ocrgj d`hjkt)

Crkbivd 6 sjkujlkic mj rjgistrdsfisfd tcfcdtcfcd mistiltd sjpcrcmdrjs)

Pjgistrds ilsjrtcmds jl òdqujs8kdltiluds/ oigcmds/ ilmjxcmds


39/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ;9

Dpjrckidljs sd`rj Crkbivds

mj rjkupjrckil kdlsuotc)

mj cktucoizckil ilsjrkil/ `drrcmd/ )

Mj 3 rjsuotcmd

Mj 3 kdlhultd mj rjsuotcmds

Crkbivds vdotiojs # kcfìds kdlstcltjs

Crkbivds jsttikds #pdkds kcfìdsCrkbivds kdl lmikjs # ùsqujmc


40/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =>

Crkbivds

^rifcrid

Drmjl sil drmjllikd kdf`ilcmd

Pjgistrds eihds & vcric`ojs

[jkulmcrid

lmikj


41/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =3

Drgclizckil mj Crkbivd ^rifcrid

Bjcp eioj "sil drmjl)8usd csdkicmd c ilmikj/ ùjlc ilsjrkidl/ ùsqujmcoiljco/ `drrcmd kdl ercgfjltckidl, Pjdrgclizckidl

y$d jlkcmjlcr`drrcmds kdl fcrkcs, Fdmieikcrifpoikc `drrcr j ilsjrtcr, Oistcmd mj rjgistrds jldrmjl ifpoikc ul fjrgj[drt jxtjrld,

[drtjm eioj "sjkujlkico)8

rjgistrds drmjlcmds jl miskd pdr ul kcfpd mcmd,Zsd mj ùsqujmc ìlcric, Kdstdsd `drrcr j ilsjrtcr,]rclsckkidl ifpoikc kdpic y cljxd mj ùsqujmcoiljco c oc ìlcric jxistjltj,


42/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =0


Bcsb eioj8 rdwim pdr rjgistrd),

Iltjrld jl PCF)8 sdoukil mj kdoisil/ c`ijrtc sig,pdsikil)/ jlkcmjlcr/ fuotibcsbIfpoikc jo usd mj cogdritfds prdpids mj ilsjrkil/`drrcmd y sjojkkil

Jxtjrld8 pdr pdsikil rjoctivc mj `odquj d koustjr,

kdfpoikc kdlsuotc sjkujlkico, @squjmc js kcrcpcrc kcfpds ld oocvj, Fdmieikcr 6 `drrcr ! ilsjrtcr


43/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =;


r`do8

kdfd mirjktdrid prifcrid y mctds jl crkbivd


44/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ==

lmikjs

lmikj8 jstrukturc mj ckkjsd pcrc ckjojrcrrjkupjrckidl mj mctds

]ipds8

3,`cscmd jl crkbivd drmjlcmd fdldlivjo)0, `cscmd jl r`do fuotilivjo);, `cscmd jl bcsb

C, lmikj esikd@, lmikj ogikd

^rd`ojfcs pcrc ilsjrtcr y `drrcr


45/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =:

fdldlivjo

^rifcrid8oistc mj lmikj8 mirjkkil,Mjlsd$Ld mjlsd,

Cpoikc sd`rj prifcrid drmjlcmd

Koustjrilg8kcfpd mj drmjl ld js oocvj likd),Ld mjlsd,

Cpoikc sd`rj crkbivd drmjlcmd,

[jkulmcrid8Crkbivd ld drmjlcmd/ mjlsd


46/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =5

fuotilivjo

r`dojs

kdf`ctjl oc mjsvjltchc mj ilsjrtcr y `drrcr jl odsfdldlivjo,

r`do @/ bcsb,


47/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =7

>5, Ojlguchjs


48/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =2

Ojlguchjs


49/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg =9

Ojlguchjs

MMO mctc mjeilitidl oclguchj)Mjeilj jsqujfcs kdlkjptucojs j iltjrld

[MO stdrcgj mjeilitidl oclguchj)Mjeilj jsqujfc iltjrld

UMO vijw mjeilitidl oclguchj)Mjeilj jsqujfcs mj usucrids

MFO mctc mjeilitidl oclguchj)

Zsucrid/ kdflfjltj mjldfilcmd qujry oclguchj

Y jo ecfdsd [SO js ul kcsd tpikd mj ,4


50/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg :>

J0 kdlkjptds

Bc`ioimcm kdlstruyjlmd fdmjods c`strcktds

Bc`ioimcm ec`rikclmd Sujry&[SO


51/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg :3

]crjc ;

Fdmjod Pjockidlco Kdlvjrsil mj JP c P [if`dodgc )

ogj`rc Pjockidlco Jvdoukidlcmd oc ]jdrc mj kdlhultds

Ljkjsitcfds ul PM@F[ Drckoj/ fy[SO


52/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg :0


53/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg :;

Jxcfjl mj Pjpcsd


54/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg :=

>7, Fdmjod Pjockidlco


55/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg ::

Fdmjod Pjockidlco


56/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg :5

Iltrdmukkil

Kdmm 397>

Jstc`oj y eirfj c livjo kdfjrkico

Kdlsimjrcr8 rjstrikkil mj iltjgrimcm

ogj`rc 6 kdojkkil mj dpjrckidljs pcrcfclipuocr rjockidljs

^rdyjkkil mj JP


57/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg :7

kdlkjptdsJltimcm 6 tcòc 6 rjockil

Mctds 6 Pjlgol 6 tupoc

Ctriùtd 6 kcfpd 6 ctriùtd

Mdfilid 6 tipd 6 mdfilid8 kdlhultd mj vcodrjs ctfikds M) 8 ldf`rj/ tipd/ edrfctd/cmikidlco ilmikckil,

Kcrmilcoimcm mjo mdfilid + jojfjltds)

Jsqujfc mj rjockil P) 6 P C3/ Cl), Ldf`rj/ oistc mj ctriùtds PDOjs mj mdfilid)?iltjlkil2, ogj`rc Pjockidlco


65/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 5:

DpjrckidljsMctds ogj`rc)8

rjkupjrckil ogj`rc rjockidlco

cktucoizckil8 ilsjrtcr/ tupoc) kdlsimjrckil c ods = kdlstrcilt `drrcr/ tupoc) kdlsimjrckil c 3 kdlstrcilt Fdmieikcr ctri`utd) kdlsimjrckidljs iguco quj `drrc

Fjtc&mctds MMO)8 krjckil mj jsqujfc

Krjcr jsqujfc Krjcr mdfilids Krjcr rjockidljs jspjkieikc ldf`rj/ ctri`utds/ tipds y

kdlstrcilts)


66/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 55

ogj`rc rjockidlco

Fclipuocr iledrfckilrjockil" rjockidl

Dpjrckidljs8

]jdrc mj kdlhultds kdlhultds mj tupocs)8ulil/ iltjrsjkkil/ miejrjlkic/ prdmuktdkcrtjsicld

Jspjkieikcs mj @M8 sjojkt/ prdhjkt/ hdil


67/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 57

sjojktGjljrc ul su`kdlhultd mj tupocs ckdrmj c ulc kdlmikil

[ cttriùtd 6 vcodr"PJOCKIDL)

[j gjljrc jl mdfilids drmjlcmds kdfpcrckil) y lddrmjlcmds, sdod 6 y #6)

Dpjrcmdr ulcrid cpoikc c 3 rjockil)

Js kdlfutctivd y cpoikcòj jl kcskcmc

Grcmd 6 + mj ctriùtds jl oc rjockil

[jojktivimcm 6 + tupocs d`tjlimcs


68/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 52

prdhjkt

[jojkkidlc ctriùtds mjskcrtclmd dtrds

^ctriùtd3/ctriùtdLPJOCKIDL)

Grcmd 6 + ctriùtds

[j joifilcl tupocs mupoikcmcs kdfd pcrtj mj

oc dpjrckil

^dr jood ld js kdlfutctivc oc dpjrckil


69/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 59

Jxprjsil ogj`rc Pjockidlco

^ctriùtd[ctriùtd6vcodrPJOCKIDL))

R"[ctriùtd6vcodrPJOCKIDL)1

Y" ^ctriùtdR)1

Yldf`rjs ctriùtds lujvds)" ^ctriùtdR)1


70/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 7>

Dpjrckidljs mj kdlhultds

Cpoikcl c mds rjockidljs kdl jo fisfd tipd mjtupocs y gjljrc ulc lujvc rjockil

ZLIDL8 ulir joifilclmd mupoikcmdscsdkictivc ykdlfutctivc)

IL]JP[JKKIDL8 tupocs jl cf`ds kdlhultds

csdkictivc y kdlfutctivc)

MIEJPJLKIC8 tupoc jl C y ld jl @ ld kdlfutctivc)


71/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 73


^PDMZK]D KCP]J[ICLD8 cpoikcòj sd`rjrjockidljs kdl mistiltcs tupocs ldkdfpctiòjs)

[j sufcl grcmd mj ctriùtds

[j fuotipoikcl grcmd mj tupocs

Jo rjsuotcmd ld js tio, Mj`j kdfìlcrsj kdlulc sjojkkil


72/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 70


HDIL |R|8 kdf`ilc tupocs rjockidlcmcs,

R" PJOCKIDL|R|ctt6vco PJOCKIDL

HDIL gjlrikd8 cpoikc dpjrcmdrjs rjockidlcojs

JSZIHDIL8 cpoikc sdod jo dpjrcmdr 6

LC]ZPCO HDIL8 () js ul jquihdil kdl 3 ctri`utd

kdful

R" PJOCKIDL(ctts)/"ctts) PJOCKIDL


73/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 7;

prd`ojfcs #

[jojkkil/ ^rdyjkkil/ Zlil/ Miejrjlkic y^rdmuktd,

Iltjrsjkkil 6

Hdil 6

Lcturco Hdil 6


74/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 7=

prd`ojfcs #

Mivisil8ods y ctri`utds jl P y ld jl [/jquivcoj c8

t3" ^y P)

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Su pcsc kdl ocs tupocs rdhcs4


75/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 7:

]crjc :

]rcmukkil mj fdmjod JP c Pjockidlco

Kdlsuotcs `sikcs sd`rj jo fdmjodPjockidlco/ kdlsimjrclmd ocsljkjsimcmjs mjo sistjfc

Mumcs c jstumicr#


76/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 75

Jhjrkikid mj Pjpcsd


77/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 77


78/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 72


79/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 79

Dpjrckidljs cmikidlcojs

Eulkidljs8[ZF/ CUJPCGJ/ FCR/ FIL/ KDZL]

ctri`utdEeulkidl ctri`utd rjockil)


80/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 2>

Dpjrcmdrjs cmikidlcojs

HDIL LC]ZPCO tupocs quj ld jltrcl c oc rjockil y$d luoo) sj joifilcl

OJE] DZ]JP HDIL 6|R|

PIGB] DZ]JP HDIL |R|6

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DZ]JP ZLIDL8 ulidl mj tupocs mistiltds ctri`utdsld kdfpcti`ojs)


81/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 23

y cbdrc JP c Pjockidlco

Crtkuods mj ul vdoufjl

Cutdrjs) mj ul crtikuod

Crtikuod tituod cutdr jmcm rjvisdr ldf`rj

[jkkil ldf`rj/ crtikuod ldf`rj/ cutdrldf`rj

Pjvisdr pdr cutdr


82/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 20

Jhjrkikid


83/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 2;


84/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 2=

>9, [SO


85/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 2:

[SO

Kdfclmd mj [SO,

Pjkupjrckil mj Mctds8[JOJK],

Fclipuockil mj Mctds8 MFO)IL[JP]

MJOJ]J

Z^MC]J

Mjeilikil mj Mctds MMO)KPJC]JCO]JPMPD^

[jgurimcm mj ods Mctds8GPCL]

PJUDAJ

KdleirfckilKDFFI]

PDOO@CKA


86/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 25

[SO &MMOKPJC]J ]C@OJ ^PDUJJMDPJ[ "

[+ KBCP:) LD] LZOO/[LDF@PJ KBCP0>) LD] LZOO/[I]ZCKIDL [FCOOIL] LD] LZOO/KIZMCM KBCP3:) LD] LZOO/^PIFCPY AJY " [+ ) ) 1

KPJC]J ]C@OJ ^CP]J[ "

^+ KBCP5) LD] LZOO/^LDF@PJ KBCP0>) LD] LZOO/KDODP KBCP5) LD] LZOO/^J[D [FCOOIL] LD] LZOO/KIZMCM KBCP3:) LD] LZOO/^PIFCPY AJY " ^+ ) )1

KPJC]J ]C@OJ JLUID[ "

[+ KBCP:) LD] LZOO/^+ KBCP5) LD] LZOO/KCL] IL]JGJP LD] LZOO/^PIFCPY AJY " [+ / ^+ )/EDPJIGL AJY " [+ ) PJEJPJLKJ[ ^PDUJJMDPJ[/EDPJIGL AJY " ^+ ) PJEJPJLKJ[ ^CP]J[ ) 1


87/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 27

[SO&MFO[JOJK] [+/ [I]ZCKIDLEPDF PDUJJMDPJ[WBJPJ KIZMCM 6 ^crs1

[JOJK] ^PDUJJMDPJ[,[+/^PDUJJMDPJ[,[I]ZCKIDLEPDF PDUJJMDPJ[WBJPJ ^PDUJJMDPJ[,KIZMCM 6 ^crs1

[JOJK]MI[]ILK] ^+EPDF JLUID[1

[JOJK] ^CP]J[,^+/ ^jsd jl grcfds 6/ ^CP]J[,^J[D (=:=EPDF ^CP]J[1

[JOJK] (EPDF^PDUJJMDPJ[1

[JOJK] [+ / [I]ZCKIDLEPDF ^PDUJJMDPWBJPJ KIZMCM6^crsDPMJP @Y [I]ZCKIDLMJ[K1

[JOJK] ^PDUJJMDPJ[,( /^CP]J[,(EPDF ^PDUJJMDPJ[/ ^CP]J[WBJPJ ^PDUJJMDPJ[,KIZMCM 6^CP]J[,KIZMCM1


88/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 22

[SO&MFO[JOJK] ^PIFJPC,[+/ [JGZLMC,[+EPDF ^PDUJJMDP ^PIFJPC/ ^PDUJJMDP [JGZLMCWBJPJ ^PIFJPC,KIZMCM 6 [JGZLMC,KIZMCM

CLM ^PIFJPC,[+ ? [JGZLMC,[+1

[JOJK] [ZF KCL])EPDF JLUID[WBJPJ ^+ 6 ^01

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89/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 29

3>, Bjrrcfijltcs


90/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 9>

Iltjrljt ! M@F[

Wj` Koijlt

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Iltjrljt@csj mj mctds

prdgrcfckil


91/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 93

fysqocmfil &u rddt krjctj fym`

fysqo &u rddt fym` ? fym`,sqo

fy[SO

fym`

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3 @d` [fitb 302 Bjrj [t, Fcrajtilg Fclcgjr

0 Hdlb Pd`jrts =: ]bjrj [t, ]jojpbdlist

; @rcm Hdblsdl 3$;= Ldwbjrj @ovm Mddrfcl


92/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 90

pbp

-m` 6 fysqoTkdlljkt"odkcobdst"/ "rddt")1

fysqoTsjojktTm`"fym`"/-m`)1

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wbioj -fyrdw 6 fysqoTejtkbTcrrcy-rjsuot)) {

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93/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 9;

33, ^rdyjktd


94/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 9=

Jmitdrjsr`itrds

dpjrctivds

usucrids

usucrids

pu`oikckidljs jojktrlikcs


95/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 9:

]crjc 7

CK]IUIMCMJ[8

Iltjreckjs mj Zsucrid pcrc kcmc rdo Eulkidlcoimcmjs jspjrcmcs Jlockjs Iltjrckkidljs kdl oc @M Cloisis y misjd gjlrikd

^PDMZK]D[8

Fcpc mj lcvjgckil cifpojfjltcr

Cloisis mj Pjqujrifijltdssifpoj)

Misjd sifpoj)

@M rjockidlco rjvisil)


96/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 95


97/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 97

30, Jxcfjl ^crkico


98/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 92

Jxcfjl pcrkico


99/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 99

mumcs mjo jxcfjl

Kdfd sj rjprjsjltc ulc oocvj edrljc jl ulfdmjod J$P 4#

ld jxistjl oocvjs edrljcs jl jo fdmjod J$P

Oocvj prifcric/ kclmimctc/ chjlc$edrljc

Dtrcs4


100/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 3>>

3;, Iltrdmukkil c oc Ldrfcoizckil


101/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>3

tjrfildodgcrjockil

tjrfildodgc rjockidlco

Fdmjod Pjockidlco ^rdgrcfcmdr Zsucridrjockil crkbivd tc`oc

tupoj "eioc) rjgistrd eioc

ctri`utd kcfpd kdouflc

C3

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0>

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102/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>0

^rd`ojfcs kcsd 3)

Luods dPjpjtimds

Y si odsPjpjtimds

[j jskri`jl fco


103/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>;

^rd`ojfcs kcsd 0)

Jfpodyjj [cocry ^rdhjkt @umgjt Eulktidl

@rdwl 0> Fcrs 0 tjkblikiclGrjjl ;: Hupitjr 3: mjsigljrGrjjl ;: Ujlus 3: mjsigljrBdsails :: Ujlus 3: fclcgjrBdsails :: Hupitjr 3: kdlsuotcltBdsails :: Fcrs 0 kdlsuotcltFddrj =2 Fcrs 0 fclcgjr

Fddrj =2 Ujlus 3: mjsigljrAjfp =2 Ujlus 3: mjsigljrAjfp =2 Hupitjr 3: fclcgjr

Pjmulmclkic Mjspjrmikid mj

jspckid

Cktucoizckilkdfpoikcmc

Cldfcoc mj cktucoizckil mj

`drrcmd mj

ilsjrkil


104/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>=

misjd mj `csj mj mctdsifpdrtclkic mjo fdmjod rjockidlco jstrukturcs cfpoics y gjljrcojs ifpdrtcltj kctjgdrc mj prdmuktds M@F[

fco misjd cldfcocs/ rjmulmclkic j ilkdlsistjlkics mj oc iledrfckil

ifpdsiìoimcm pcrc rjprjsjltcr kijrtc iledrfckilfjtcs mjo misjd jvitcr iledrfckil rjmulmcltj y clfcoc csjgurcr quj ocs rjockidljs jltrj ods ctriùtds sjcl rjprjsjltcmcs eckioitcr oc vjrieikckil mj ocs cktucoizckidljs

ldrfcoizckil kdlvjrsil mj ulc rjockil kdl kijrtds prdòjfcs c mds d fs rjockidljsquj ld tijljl tcojs prdòjfcs

edrfcs ldrfcojs Kdmm)


105/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>:

ldrfcoizckil

# tipds mj cldfcocs# edrfcs ldrfcojs

tklikcs pcrc ocprjvjlkil

3LE/ 0LE/ ;LE/ =LE/:LE# J, E, Kdmm 397>)

3LE/ 0LE/ ;LE# @dykj&Kdmm

@KLE# =LE/ :LE

3LE

0LE

;LE

@KLE

=LE

:LE


106/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>5

jsjlkic mj ldrfcoizckil 6 cldfcocs

# mj fdmieikckil# cldfcoc mj joifilckil# cldfcoc mj ilsjrkil

sdoukil8mjskdfpdsikil

[IMCktivimcm Kudtc

[IM Cktivimcm Kudtc

3>> Jsqu 0>>

3:> Lctckil :>

37: [qucsb :>0>> Lctckil :>

cktivimcm

[IMCktivimcm Cktivimcm Kudtc

Cktivimcm Kudtc

Jsqu 0>>

Lctckil :>

[qucsb :>

[IM Cktivimcm

3>> Jsqu

3:> Lctckil

37: [qucsb0>> Lctckil

jst&ckt ckt&kdst


107/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>7

jsjlkic mj ldrfcoizckil

kcmc rjockil ldrfcoizcmc tijlj ul sdod tjfc

si tijlj mds d fs/ mj`jr ercgfjltcrsj jl rjockidljs

kcmc vjz quj sj mivimc ulc rjockil/ js prd`c`oj qujsurhc oc ljkjsimcm mj krjcr ulc rjstrikkil mjiltjrrjockil

kuclmd sj jlkujltrc ulc rjockil kdl cldfcocs mjfdmieikckil/ sj ocs joifilc mivimijlmd oc rjockil jlmds d fs/ kcmc ulc mj ocs kucojs kdltjlmr ul sdodtjfc


108/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>2

]crjc 2

Ldrfcoizckil

Edrfcs ldrfcojs `sikcs 3LE/ 0LE/ ;LE

Cmikidlcofjltj @KLE/ =LE y :LE


109/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg3>9


110/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg33>

3=, Ldrfcoizckil sifpojmjpjlmjlkics y mjskdfpdsikil)


111/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 333

ldrfcoizckil

# Mjpjlmjlkic eulkidlco

Fdldvcoucmc Fuotivcoucmc

# Mjskdfpdsikil ^rjsjrvcr ctri`utds Fjldr pjrmimc mj ulidl ^rjsjrvcr mjpjlmjlkic Ld rjmulmclkic

3LE

0LE

;LE

@KLE

=LE

:LE


112/185


mjpjlmjlkic eulkidlco

rjstrikkil mj iltjgrimcm pcrc jo fdmjod rjockidlco

mjskri`j ocs rjockidlcojs eulkidlcojs jltrj odsctriùtds mj ulc rjockil

ldtckilY X

Jhjfpod

jo vcodr mjo ctriùtd [cocrymjpjlmj eulkidlcofjltjmjo vcodr ctriùtd Jfpodyjj

Jfpodyjj[cocry


113/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 33;


rjockil jltrj uld d fs ctri`utds

gjljrcoizckil mj oc ldkil mj oocvjt3/ t0 r t3t0 t3QAV t0QAV )

ldtckil

jstc mjpjlmjlkic eulkidlco sj vjrieikc jl P

t3/ t

0 r t

3QV 6 t

0QV t

3QV 6 t

0QV )

A js ul spjr oocvj mj P si A PA js ulc spjr oocvj si t3QAV6t0QAV t3QPV6t0QPV js mjkir/ t36t0)


114/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 33=


Kdlsimjrclmd8

C @

C K

KG B

KG I

@ B

Ocs mjpjlmjlkics ifpoikcl ogikcfjltj8

C B

C # @K

KG # BI


115/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 33:

3LE

kufpoir kdl oc mjeilikil mj ulc tcòc

# vcodrjs ctfikds# vcodrjs mj ul ctriùtd mdfilid# kcmc ctriùtd pdsjj ul ldf`rj likd# drmjl mj ods rjgistrds sil ifpdrtclkic# sil tupocs imltikcs oocvj kclmimctc)

[IMCktivimcm Kudtc

[IM Cktivimcm Kudtc

3>> Jsqu 0>>3:> Lctckil :>

37: [qucsb :>

0>> Lctckil :>

cktivimcm


116/185


Jstc jl3LE4

stumjlt fctrikuoc/ ldf`rj/ ejkbcTlckifijltd)


117/185


0LE

[IM Cktivimcm Kudtc

Cktivimcm Kudtc

Kudtc pcrkicofjltj mjpjlmijltjfisfcs cldfcocs mj fdmieikckil

ulc rjockil jst jl 0LE si tdmds susctri`utds quj ld sdl kocvjs mjpjlmjlpdr kdfpojtd mj oc kocvj

[IM Cktivimcm

3>> Jsqu

3>> Gdoe

3:> Lctckil

37: [qucsb

37: Lctckil

0>> Lctckil

0>> Gdoe

Cktivimcm Kudtc

Jsqu 0>>Gdoe 5:

Lctckil :>

[qucsb :>

[IM Cktivimcm [IM Cktivimcm

Cktivimcm Kudtc

[IM Cktivimcm Kudtc

3>> Jsqu 0>>

3>> Gdoe 5:

3:> Lctckil :>

37: [qucsb :>37: Lctckil :>

0>> Lctckil :>

0>> Gdoe 5:

cktivimcm


118/185


0LE jhjrkikid)

^crc oc rjockil8

^PJ[]CFD

" lufTsdkid/ ldf`rjTsdkid/ kdmToi`rd/ ejkTprjst/ jmitdrico/ pcs )

ocs kocvjs kclmimctcs sdl8lufTsdkid/ kdmToi`rd) y ldf`rjTsdkid/ kdmToi`rd)

Kdfd 0LE sj rjprjsjltc8

^PJ[]CFD3 lufTsdkid/ ldf`rjTsdkid/ kdmToi`rd/ ejkTprjst )

OI@PD kdmToi`rd/ jmitdrico/ pcs )


119/185


0LE kdlkousil)

ulc rjockil jst jl 0LE si tdmds susctri`utds quj ld sdl kocvjs mjpjlmjl pdrkdfpojtd mj oc kocvj,

ld pujmjl jxistirmjpjlmjlkics pcrkicojs#jl rjockidljs kdl oocvjs kdfpujstcs),


120/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 30>

Jstc jl 0LE4

stumjlt fctrikuoc+/ ldf`rj/ kocvjTkursd+/ kursd)fctrikuoc &< ldf`rjkocvjTkursd &< kursd

[3 "fctrikuoc/ ldf`rj)[0 "kocvjTkursd/ kursd)

[K "fctrikuoc/ kocvjTkursd)


121/185


;LE

[IM JmieikidJmieikid Kudtc

[IM Jmieikid Kudtc

3>> Pclmdopb 30>>

3:> Ilgjrsdoo 33>>

0>> Pclmdopb 30>>

0:> îtail 33>>

;>> Pclmdopb 30>>

vivijlmculc rjockil jst jl ;LE si jstjl 0LE y ld tijlj mjpjlmjlkics]rclsitivcs 8

ods ctriùtds quj ld edrfcl pcrtj mj lilgulckocvj kclmimctc eckioitcl iledrfckil sodckjrkc mj ocs) kocvjs) y ld ckjrkc mj dtrdsctriùtds

[IM Jmieikid

3>> Pclmdopb

3:> Ilgjrsdoo

0>> Pclmdopb

0:> îtail

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[IM Jmieikid[IM Jmieikid

Jmieikid Kudtc

Pclmdopb 30>>

Ilgjrsdoo 33>>

îtail 33>>

Jmieikid KudtcJmieikid Kudtc


122/185


;LE jhjrkikid)

^PJ[]CFD3" lufTsdkid/ ldf`rjTsdkid/ kdmToi`rd/ ejkTprjst )

OI@PD" kdmToi`rd/ jmitdrico/ pcs )

J[]C JL ;LE 4

[doukil8

OI@PD3 kdmToi`rd/ jmitdrico )

JMI]DPICO jmitdrico/ pcs )


123/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 30;

Jstc jl 0LE/ ;LE4

su`hjkt "kocvjTkursd/ ldf`rj/ ilstruktdr/ deeikj)

kocvjTkursd &< ldf`rj

kocvjTkursd &< ilstruktdrilstruktdr &< deeikj

s "kocvjTkursd/ ldf`rj/ ilstruktdr)ils "ilstruktdr/ deeikj)


124/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 30=

@KLE ul jstumicltj pujmj tjljr ulc d fs jspjkicoimcmjs ulc jspjkicoimcm pujmj tjljr vcrids fijf`rds mj oc eckuotcm kdfd kdlsjhjrds ul fijf`rd mj oc eckuotcm sod ifpcrtj csjsdrc jl ulc rjc mj jspjkicoimcm

[IM Jspjkicoimcm Ldf`rjE

[IM Ldf`rjE Jspjkicoimcm

Ldf`rjE Jspjkicoimcm

jl 3LE4jl 0LE4jl ;LE4jxistjl cldfcocs mj fdmieikckil4

csjsdr


3>>Fctjftikcs Kcukby

3:> ^sikdodgc Hulg

0>> Fctjftikcs Pijfcll

0:> Fctjftikcs Kcukby

;>> ^sikdodgc ^jros

;>> Fctjftikcs Pijfcll

ulc rjockil jst jl @KLE sikcmc mjtjrfilcltj irrjmuki`ojizq) js ulc kocvj kclmimctc

i,j,

R#C y C ld jstc jl RR js oocvj

K


125/185

hcvijrgsNckf,drg 30:

@KLE

ulc rjockil jst jl @KLE si kcmc mjtjrfilcltj js ulckocvj kclmimctc


3>>Fctjftikcs Kcukby

3:> ^sikdodgc Hulg

0>> Fctjftikcs Pijfcll

0:> Fctjftikcs Kcukby

;>> ^sikdodgc ^jros

;>> Fctjftikcs Pijfcll

csjsdr


[IM Ldf`rjE Jspjkicoimcm

Ldf`rjE Jspjkicoimcm

Ldf`rjE Fctjric

Kcukby FctjftikcsHulg ^sikdodgc

Pijfcll Fctjftikcs

^jros ^sikdodgc

[IM Ldf`rjE

3>> Kcukby

3:> Hulg

0>> Pijfcll

0:> Kcukby

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jst&csj

csj&fctjric

;LE @KLE


126/185


;LEvs @KLE

Oc fcydrc mj ocs rjockidljs quj jstl jl ;LE jstl tcf`iljl @KLE,Ilerjkujltjfjltj/ ulc rjockil ;LE ld jst jl @KLE y stcsukjmj sdocfjltj si8

c) ocs oocvjs kclmimctcs jl oc rjockil sdl oocvjs kdfpujstcsjs mjkir/ ld sdl ctri`utds sdods)/

`) jxistj fs mj ulc oocvj kclmimctc jl oc rjockil/

k) ocs oocvjs ld sdl mishultcs/ js mjkir/ cogulcs kucoimcmjs jlocs oocvjs sdl kdfuljs,

Jo @KLE mieijrj mj ;LE sdocfjltj kuclmd bcy fcs mj ulcoocvj kclmimctc/ ocs oocvjs sdl kdfpujstcs y trcsocpcmcs,

J t ;LE @KLE4


127/185


Jstc jl ;LE/ @KLE4jlrdo "sld/ slcfj/ kld/ klcfj/ mctj&jlrdoojm)

Oocvjs kclmimctcs8

"sld/ kld)"sld/ klcfj)

"slcfj/ kld)"slcfj/ klcfj)

^rd`ojfcs8

sld &< slcfjkld &< klcfj

[doukidl8

sld/ slcfj)kld/ klcfj)

sld/ kld/ mctj&de&jlrdofjlt)


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