ADN ATP GDP

ADENINA GUANOSINA

TUBULINAMEMORIA ENERGIA CONECTIVIDAD

TUBULINA

• ADENOSINA Y VIGILIA• ADENOSINA Y CAFEINA• PROCAINA Y MICROTUBULOS• CAFEINA Y GUANOSINA, • GTP Y MICROTUBULOS• POLARIDAD Y PH ENTRE PROCAINA Y CAFEINA• AMARGO Y AGRIO, ph

GTPGodGeometríaGnosisGenioGenesisGermenGravedadGoogleGreat, gracia, gratis, G.·.A.·.D.·.U.· Gran Arquitecto del UniversoGramo, grama, geografía, gramáticaGrigori, grecia, GINA´ABBUL, GIRKU”

• La adenina es una de las cinco bases nitrogenadas que forman parte de los ácidos nucleicos (ADN y ARN) y en el código genético se representa con la letra A. Las otras cuatro bases son la guanina, la citosina, la timina y el uracilo. En el ADN la adenina siempre se empareja con la timina. Forma los nucleósidos adenosina (Ado) y desoxiadenosina (dAdo), y los nucleótidos adenilato (AMP) y desoxiadenilato (dAMP). En la bibliografía antigua, la adenina fue alguna vez llamada vitamina B4; sin embargo, hoy no se la considera una verdadera vitamina. Su fórmula es C5H5N5. Es un derivado de la purina (es una base púrica) en la que un hidrógeno ha sido sustituido por un grupo amino (NH2):

Adenina

AdeninaGeneral

Fórmula semidesarrollada C5H5N5

Propiedades físicasMasa molar 135.127 g/molPunto de fusión 633-638 K (-278 °C)

Valores en el SI y en condiciones normales(0 °C y 1 atm), salvo que se indique lo contrario.

AdeninaSaltar a: navegación, búsqueda

                                        

La adenina es una de las cinco bases nitrogenadas que forman parte de los ácidos nucleicos (ADN y ARN) y en el código genético se representa con la letra A. Las otras cuatro bases son la guanina, la citosina, la timina y el uracilo. En el ADN la adenina siempre se empareja con la timina. Forma los nucleósidos adenosina (Ado) y desoxiadenosina (dAdo), y los nucleótidos adenilato (AMP) y desoxiadenilato (dAMP). En la bibliografía antigua, la adenina fue alguna vez llamada vitamina B4; sin embargo, hoy no se la considera una verdadera vitamina. Su fórmula es C5H5N5. Es un derivado de la purina (es una base púrica) en la que un hidrógeno ha sido sustituido por un grupo amino (NH2):

• Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It can act as a substrate for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process. Its structure is similar to that of the guanine nucleobase, the only difference being that nucleotides like GTP have a ribose sugar and three phosphates, with the nucleobase attached to the 1' and the triphosphate moiety attached to the 5' carbons of the ribose.

• It also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of ATP, but more specific. It is used as a source of energy for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis.

• GTP is essential to signal transduction, particularly with G-proteins, in second-messenger mechanisms where it is converted to GDP (guanosine diphosphate) through the action of GTPases.

ATP, GDP, ADENOSINA

• G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. G protein-coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates,[2] and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein-coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs.[3][4]

• There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein-coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway.[5] When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G-protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G-protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).[6]:1160