analisis y diseÑo de un puente viga – losa
TRANSCRIPT
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KOKEHVHV X @HVIA @I YO ^YIOPI
SHLKEAVK
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Yohsirvh`k` Okfhaoke Darli Bkvk`ri LramgkooCkfyepk` `i Holiohirk
FAOPIOH@A @IE ^RAXIFPA
;/ LIOIRKEH@K@IV
6/ IVPY@HAV OIFIVKRHAV ^KRK IE @HVIA @IE ^YIOPI
2/ I]^I@HIOPI PIFOHFA
0/ @HVIA @IE ^YIOPI SHLK ' EAVK
;/; HOPRA@YFFHAO ;/2 ABDIPHSAV
6/; IVPY@HA PA^ALRKCHFA
6/6 IVPY@HA MH@RAEALHFA
2/; GIGARHK @IVFRH^PHSK 2/2 IV^IFHCHFKFHAOIV PIFOHFKV
0/; @HGIOVHAOKGHIOPA
9/ FAOFEYVHAOIV
9/; FAOFEYVHAOIV
6/2 IVPY@HAV LIAEALHFAV X LIAPIFOHFAV
0/2 @HVIA @I EAVK
0/0 @HVIA @IE IVPRHBA0/6 @HVIA @I SHLKV
6/0 IVPY@HA @I HG^KFPA KGBHIOPKE
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;/ LIOIRKEH@K@IV
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^yiopiv `i shlk P
Faovhvpi io yok eavk `i Faofripa Krgko`a prkovsirvkegiopi k~axk`k-iv vaeh`krhk( vabri ekv shlkv eaolhpy`hokeiv/ Ri{yhirio yo iofacrk`a gvfag~ehfk`a ~krphfyekrgiopi io ie fkva `i i}prigav ivshk`av/
Lioirke giopi gv ifaoghfav ~krk eyfiv `i ;2 k ;=g/ Ie kofma `i kegkv-b|(4 69 k 99fg faopraek`a ~ar ie iv~kfhkghiopa marhtaopke `i skrheekv x ierifybrhghiopa/
Iv~kfhkghiopa `i shlkv eaolhpy`hokeiv4 ;/=> 6/>>g ~krk yo favpa gohga`i iofacrk`a x gkpirhkeiv ivpryfpyrkeiv/
Io yo i}priga% vh ie ckeva ~yiopi -ko`kghkdi( iv `hcfhe x favpava vi ~yi`ikygiopkr ie iv~kfhkghiopa `i shlkv eaolhpy`hokeiv/
Rkola lioirke4 8/>> 20/>> -io rikeh`k` mkvpk 2=/>>g(
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ABDIPHSAV IV^IFHCHFAV4
K~ehfkr eav gpa`av faoafh`av x k~rio`h`av io fekvi ~krk iekoehvhv `i ek ivpryfpyrk `i yo ~yiopi ph~a shlk ' eavk/
@hvia `i eav `hciriopiv ieigiopav ivpryfpyrkeiv4Vy~irivpryfpyrk/Vybivpryfpyrk/@hv~avhphsav `i K~axa/
@ipkeeiv `i `hvia x vy riv~ifphsk gk{yipk `ie ~yiopi Shlk'Eavk/
ABDIPHSAV LIOIRKEIV4
Gkpirhkehtkr ek idifyfho `i yo ^yiopi {yi~irghpk ek yoho `i eav ~yibeav fao choiv`i ealrkr ek hopilrkfho `i~krpkgiopke/
Cagiopa `ie hopirfkgbha fagirfhke% fyepyrke%vafhke x `i~arphsa: kv faga hg~yevkr iepyrhvga hopiroa x i}piroa friko`a cyiopiv
`i prkbkda/
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2/ I]^I@HIOPI PIFOHFA
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HOPRA@YFFHAO
Ie ~riviopi ~raxifpa vi richiri ke `hvia `i eav ieigiopav ivpryfpyrkeiv `iyo ~yiopi ph~a Shlk'Eavk% {yi farriv~ao`ir k yo fkghoa sifhoke `i ri`shke Eafke% virshfha {yi vir `i bioichfha `i ekv ~abekfhaoiv `ie Vkopk x `ipa`av eav ~yibeav kei`kav {yi mkfio yva `i ivpk sk: {yi ~irpioifi ke@hvprhpa `i Vkopk% ^rashofhk `i Vkopk x `i ek Rilho `i Kofkvm/
^RAXIFPA 4 Faovpryffho x Gidarkghiopa `i Fkrripirkv
VYB ^RAXIFPA 4 Faovpryffho ^yiopi Bieekshvpk `i ek Ri` ShkeBieekshvpk @hvprhpa `i Vkopk
ABRK 4 Faovpryffho `ie ^yiopi Bieekshvpk 6> g/
VIFPAR 4 Bieekshvpk'Vkopk
YBHFKFHO 4 RILHO 4 Kofkvm@HVPRHPA 4 VkopkVIFPAR 4 Bieekshvpk'Vkopk
KFFIVA 4 Kofkvm Vkopk
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FKRKFPIRHVPHFKV PFOHFKV @IE YIOPI
Ph~a `i ^yiopi 4 Shlk'EavkOgira `i prkgav 4 `avEyt ~ar prkga 4 ;9/>> gipravOgira `i Skv 4 6 skvPh~a `i Vabri Fkrlk 4 M'2>
Fkpilark `i ek Sk 4 Vilyo`kTaok Lialrchfk 4 FavpkBagbia 4 2)Eavk x Shlkv 4 Faofripa cf 7 2;> jl!fg2Ivprhbav 4 Faofripa cf 7 ;> jl!fg2
IE ^YIOPI VI MK @HVIK@A @I KFYIR@A K4
Rilekgiopa Okfhaoke `i ^yiopiv -Ghohvp/ `i Prkov~/ x Fagyohf/( Rilekgiopa Okfhaoke `i Faovpryffhaoiv/ Vpko`kr` V~ifhchfkphaov car Mhlm|kx Brh`liv KKVMPA G2/ Iv~ifhchfkfhaoiv KHVF'ERC@ iopri aprav/
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6/ IVPY@HAV OIFIVKRHAV ^KRK IE@HVIA @IE ^YIOPI
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ABDIPHSAFAOFEYVHAO
^EKOA PA^ALRKCHFA @IE ^YIOPI BIEEKSHVPK VABRI IE RA VKOPK
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@ivfrh~fho Ivprhba Ht{yhir`a Ivprhba @irifma
Ph~a `i Vyiea Rafk Rafk
^rac/ `i fhgiopkfho -g( ;/9 ;/9Koehvhv {yghfa `i vkeiv -g( Oa klrivhsa Oa klrivhsa
Fk~kfh`k` K`ghvhbei -jl!g2(^ar Fkrlk {k`g 7
;/=> ;/=>
Eav Rivyepk`av `ie Iovkxa `i Farpi @hrifpa Rivh`yke {yi vi abpysa `i yokgyivprk `i vyiea `ie eylkr `ao`i vi ybhfkrko eav ivprhbav vao eav vhlyhiopiv4
Fao`hfhaoiv `i Fhgiopkfho4
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P riparoa
-kav(
Fky`keiv -g6!v(
GKF GKPM MH@RALRKGK ^RAGI@HA9 2= 2> 20
;> 6 33 03 93;>> =0 98 > ;9> ;>0 ;2
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ABDIPHSA4
H`iophchfkr% kokehtkr x `ivfrhbhr eav hg~kfpav ~avhphsav x oilkphsav% {yi
afkvhaokrko ekv kfphsh`k`iv fag~rio`h`kv io ie ~rafiva `i faovpryffho `ie~yiopi Bieekshvpk/
FAOFEYVHAOIV4
Eav hg~kfpav oilkphsav vi ~riviopko `yrkopi ie
`ivkrraeea `i eav prkbkdav `i ek abrk% `ibho`avik`a~pkr pa`kv ekv gi`h`kv ~risiophskv x ighphlkfho ivpkbeifh`kv io ie IHK/
Ekv rikv yphehtk`kv faga `i~vhpa i i}fi`iopiv`i abrk x fkopirk% ke choke `i ek abrk `ibiro virrivpkyrk`kv k cho i oa kepirkr ek fkeh`k` ~khvkdvphfk`ie eylkr/
Vi mk `ipirghok`a {yi eav hg~kfpav kgbhiopkeiv{yi vi vyvfhpio% oa hg~ehfko yok ehghpkfho ohpkg~afa faovphpyxio rivprhffhaoiv hg~arpkopiv ~krkek idifyfho `ie ~raxifpa: ~ar pkopa ie ~raxifpaiv shkbei/
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0/ @HVIA @IE ^YIOPISHLK ' EAVK
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@IPIRGHOKFHAO @I EK VIFFHAO PRKOVSIRVKE X EAOLHPY@HOKE
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2/^RI@HGIOVHAOKGHIOPA @I EK KFIRK/
k(Kofma i ek kfirk4 'Kofma `i fhrfyekfho ~ikpaoke 4 >/8>g/' Faeafkfho i bkrko`k 4 >/;>g/' Kofma papke 4 ;/>>g/
k(^irkepi `i ek kfirk
FKRLK GYIRPK ^iva ~ra~ha4 jl !g
Kfkbk`av 4 jl !g
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6/ OGIRA X VI^KRKFHO @I EK SHLK EAOLHPY@HOKE
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VIFFHAO PRKOVSIRVKE @IE ^YIOPI -^RI@HGIOVHAOKGHIOPA(
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^ar faophoyh`k` iopri shlk x eavk mkeekrigav eav gagiopav ~avhphsav x oilkphsav/
Gagiopa ^avhphsa 4 Gagiopa oilkphsa 4
^ar hg~kfpa -GH(4Gagiopa ~ar hg~kfpa ~avhphsa ~ar virshfha/ Gagiopa ~ar hg~kfpa oilkphsa ~ar virshfha/
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Mkeeko`a ie iv~kfhkghiopa i kfira `i 9!=
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Kfira `i ri~krphfho ~avhphsa42
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VI FAOPHOYKRK IO \AR@
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FAOFEYVHAOIV
Io ie `hvia `i ^yiopiv iv ri{yhvhpa ho`hv~iovkbei eav ivpy`hav ~rishav-Pa~alrchfa% liapfohfa% Mh`ryehfa% ipf(: {yi vi rikehtko io ek taok%~krk `ichohr ekv fkrkfpirvphfkv `ie ~yiopi/
Eav ~yiopiv vao yok ~krpi hg~arpkopi `ie ~kprhgaoha io hocrkivpryfpyrk
`ie ~kv% xk {yi vao ~yopav gi`yekriv io yok ri` shke ~krk ekprkov~arpkfho io lioirke x io faovifyiofhk ~krk ie `ivkrraeea `i eavmkbhpkopiv ^rivirskr ivpi ~kprhgaoha `i yok `ilrk`kfho ~rigkpyrk iv%~yiv% yok `i ekv pkrikv gv hg~arpkopiv `i fyke{yhir k`ghohvprkfho `ifkrripirkv vik ~ybehfk a ~rhsk`k/
^krk ieea mkx {yi `i`hfkr gi`hav mygkoav x pfohfav vychfhiopiv {yi~irghpko pioir yo faoafhghiopa fag~eipa x kfpykehtk`a `ie `hvia% {yi~irghpk `ichohr ie saeygio `i rifyrvav oifivkrhav ~krk vy `hvia% xlkrkophfio ie ig~eia ~phga x ichfkt `i `hfmav rifyrvav/
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Ie `hvia `i ~yiopiv iv gyx shkbei: vi mk `igavprk`a% kprksv `i skrhav ~yiopiv {yi io ek ~rfphfk% {yi fao ekk~ehfkfho `ie ~rafiva `i `hvia vi krradko `kpav i}hpavav/
Vi `ibio ~ra~aoir ~ira`av `i vy~irshvho farpav ~krk eav
~yiopiv gv hg~arpkopiv% faga eav hopirokfhaokeiv -{yi phioiolrko kcara(: ~yiopiv iv~ifhkeiv faga vao eav kphrkopk`av aekotk`av -`i lrko eaolhpy` x kepyrk(: x pkgbho vi `ibio mkfir~k{yipiv ~krk vy~irshvho `i ~yiopiv `i prkgav gvhg~arpkopiv ~krk ek ri` shke/
Pa`a ivpa fao ie cho `i mkfir `ie ~rafiva `i faovirskfho yo~rafiva gv `hoghfa gi`hkopi ie fyke vi lkrkophfi ekivpkbheh`k` `i ek ri` x ie `ivkrraeea `i ekv fhy`k`iv `ie ~kv/
FAOFEYVHAOIV
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