español 2 unidad 1 lección 1 vocabulario: ¡vamos …...1 español 2 unidad 1 lección 1...
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Español 2 Unidad 1 Lección 1 Vocabulario: ¡Vamos de viaje!
Planear el viaje la agencia de viajes ………………………………travel agency el (la) agente de viajes……………………………… travel agent confirmar el vuelo ………………………………to confirm a flight hacer la maleta ………………………………to pack a suitcase hacer un viaje……………………………… to take a trip ir de vacaciones ………………………………to go on vacation llamar a …………………………..…………… to call someone (by phone) viajar ………………………………………to travel
Cosas el boleto………………………………………… ticket el boleto de ida y vuelta……………………………… roundtrip ticket el equipaje ………………………………luggage la identificación ………………………………identification el itinerario ……………………………… itinerary la maleta ………………………………suitcase el pasaporte ………………………………passport la tarjeta de embarque …………………………boarding pass el traje de baño ………………………………bathing suit
En el Aeropuerto: Antes de Salir abordar ………………………………to board el aeropuerto ………………………………airport el (la) auxiliar de vuelo ………………………………flight attendant facturar el equipaje ………………………………to check one’s luggage hacer cola ………………………………………to get in line la pantalla ……………………………………………monitor; screen el (la) pasajero(a) ………………………………passenger pasar por seguridad……………………………… to go through security la puerta …………………………………………………gate la salida……………………………………… departure el vuelo ………………………………………………flight
En el Aeropuerto: Después de llegar la llegada………………………………… arrival pasar por la aduana …………………………to go through customs el reclamo de equipaje………………………… baggage claim
Pedir información Por favor, ¿dónde queda…? …………………………Can you please tell me where . . . is?
En la ciudad la estación de tren………………………… train station la oficina de turismo………………………… tourist office la parada de autobús………………………… bus stop tomar un taxi …………………………to take a taxi
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Gramática
Saber vs Conocer. Both of these verbs have irregular Yo!
Saber is used to talk about knowing ________________, __________________, and
________________________.
Conocer is used to talk about knowing _____________________ and _____________________.
Saber Conocer
Conocer is often followed by the letter “a” because when you are talking about knowing a
person, the person is not the subject of the sentence. When a person is the direct object in the
sentence and not the subject, you need to use an “a” before the person. This “A” is called the “a
personal” or “personal A.”
Example: I know the girl = Yo conozco a la chica.
A personal: In Spanish, whenever a person is the object of a verb, you must use an “a” before the
person that is the object.
The verbs TENER, SER, and HAY do not need the a personal:
Tengo un hermano.
Remember how you had to say “A+person” using gusta? It’s the same idea.
The boys know the teacher = Los chicos conocen a la maestra.
You need an “A” before a person anytime the person is the direct object of a sentence (receiving
an action of being known, being seen, being helped, for example). You can also use the personal
A for pets you are attached to.
You DON’T need the personal A with SER, TENER, or HAY.
Ella es maestra= She is a teacher.
Hay cinco personas =There are 5 people.
Tengo 10 amigos en la clase = I have 10 friends in the class.
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Parte A. Decide si las oraciones necesitan el “a personal”: escribe “a” in el espacio, or leave it
blank.
1. Yo tengo ___________treinta estudiantes. 2. Las chicas conocen _____________ mis amigos. 3. Tienes ___________ un buen amigo. 4. Yo conozco ______________ tus padres. 5. Tú conoces bien _________________ mi prima. 6. Ellas conocen __________________ mi familia. 7. Yo ayudo _________________ mis amigos. 8. Hay _________________ personas en la casa. 9. Josefina no conoce __________________ mis abuelos. 10. Las chicas conocen _________________ mi perro.
Parte B. Ahora, decide si la oración necesita Saber o Conocer. Escribe la forma correcta del
verbo.
1. Yo ____________________________ a tu familia.
2. ¿______________________ tú a la chica bonita?
3. ¿_______________________ tú bailar?
4. Ustedes no __________________________ preparar galletas muy ricas.
5. Mis primos y tíos _______________________________ que el español es importante.
6. Mi abuela vieja ____________________________ que las familias en Dr. Phil tienen
problemas.
7. Yo _____________________________ que tu amigo es inteligente.
8. Yo _________________________ a muchos de tus amigos.
Parte C. Termina la oración con una frase interesante.
1. Yo conozco ________________________________________________________________________________
2. Yo sé ________________________________________________________________________________
3. Mis amigos conocen _____________________________________________________________________
4. Mis amigos y yo sabemos __________________________________________________________________
5. ¿Sabes ______________________________________________________________________________________
6. Ustedes no conocen _________________________________________________________________________
7. Conocemos ________________________________________________________________________________
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Parte D. Traduce al español. Si necesitas “a personal,” úsalo.
1. The child (fem) knows how to read.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The baby does not know how to walk.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you know all of your cousins?
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. A good teacher knows her students well.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Some good students know that it’s important to study a lot.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Do you guys know how to watch movies on the computer?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
7. My aunt knows my friend.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. We know that the class is fun!
_________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Do you know what time it is?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
10. I don’t know where my friend is.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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¡LOS COMPLEMENTOS DIRECTOS E INDIRECTOS! Direct Object Pronouns
1. The direct object in a sentence receives that action of the verb. They answer “Whom?” or “What?” about the verb. Nouns used as direct objects can be replaced by pronouns:
In English: Do you have the book? Yes, I have it. Direct object pronoun replaces book. 2. In Spanish, the direct object noun is placed AFTER the conjugated verb: ¿Tienes el libro? Do you have the book? (libro comes after tienes) The direct object pronoun is placed directly BEFORE the conjugated verb: Sí, lo tengo. Yes, I have it. (“lo” replaces “el libro” as “it” and comes before “tengo.”) (You’re really saying something like, “Yes, it I have.”) What are your direct object pronouns for items? DOPs: Masculine
noun Feminine noun
singular
lo la
plural
los las
Unos libros = _________
el avión = ______________ unas plumas = ______________ La tarjeta = ___________________ Llamamos al maestro = __lo____llamamos.
He called me = Me llamó. They called us = Nos llamaron. I called you = Te llamé
Me (me) Nos (us)
Te ( you) x
Lo/la (him/her)
(los/las) (them/all of you)
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Try these! ¿Comes un sándwich? Sí, _____Lo como.__________________
¿Tienes tu pasaporte? Sí, __________________________________________
¿Necesitas la maleta? No, no __________________________________________.
1. The waitress set it (preterite, the table). ____________________________________________________
2. The boys ordered it (the chicken). ___________________________________________________
3. We buy it (the fruit) _____________________________________________________________
4. We bought them (the shoes) __________________________________________________________
WHEN YOU HAVE:
2 verbs in the sentence = two possibilities: When an infinitive (not conjugated) follows the conjugated verb, you can place the direct object pronoun either: BEFORE the conjugated verb: Quiero comprar la torta = La quiero comprar. (It I want to buy) OR ATTACHED to the infinitive: Quiero comprar la torta = Quiero comprarla. (I want to buy it)
Ex: Quiero sacar las fotos. (first verb = __________________, second verb = _____________________)
Las quiero sacar OR Quiero sacarlas. SAME THING I am taking the pictures. I am taking them = Las estoy sacando OR estoy sacándolas.
So if you have 2 verbs in the sentence (conjugated and not) you have 2 options of how to write the DOP. Try these! 1. Quiero tomar un refresco. ______Quiero tomarlo__________________ OR ____Lo quiero
tomar
2. Puedo preparar el pescado. _______________________________________________________ OR
________________________________________________________
Quiero comprar unos tomates. ____________________________________________________________O
1. John wants to study it (the book)
__________________________________________________________OR
____________________________________________________
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2. My parents need to listen to it ( the music)
____________________________________________________________OR
__________________________________________________
3. We are going to buy them (the apples)
__________________________________________________________OR
____________________________________________________
Indirect Object Pronouns (IOPs) IOPs: answer the questions “to whom? or “for whom?” about the verb.
You use IOPs to replace or accompany the Indirect Object Nouns.
Indirect objects receive an item. The item they receive is the direct object.
I buy gifts for my friends.
GIFTS = Direct Object.
Friends (receive the gift) Indirect Object. The IOPs that REPLACE or ACCOMPANY the indirect object nouns are:
LES is the indirect object pronoun that takes the place of “A MIS AMIGOS.”
Yo (les) compro regalos a mis amigos.
(IOP) (DO) (IO)
Like DOPS, IOPS are placed either :
BEFORE THE CONJUGATED VERB or
ATTACHED TO INFINITIVE/-NDO forms.
El mesero dio la cuenta. = The waiter gave the bill.
El mesero le dio la cuenta A LAURA. = The waiter gave (her) the bill to Laura.
El mesero va a darle la cuenta (a Laura) =The waiter is going to give her the bill.
(OR el mesero le va a dar la cuenta)
El mesero está dándole la cuenta. The waiter is giving her the bill.
(OR el mesero le está dando la cuenta)
Me (to me) Nos (to us)
Te (to you) x
Le (to him, her, you f)
Les (to them/all of you)
look familiar?
same as gusta
pronouns!
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1.The waiter serves the food to us = _______________________________________
2.The waiter serves the food to us (serves us the food) =
_____________________________________________
3.The waiter is going to serve the food to us.
_______________________________________
OR______________________________________
4. The wants to serve the food to us. _______________________________________ OR
_______________________________________
Instrucciones: Escribe la oración con el complemento indirecto.
1. Traigo un pastel a ti. ____________________________________
2. Vas a preparar unas verduras a mí.
_________________________________________________OR
_____________________________________________________________
3. Quieres leer un libro a ella.
_________________________________________________ OR
______________________________________________________
Escribe en español:
4. I am going to read you a book (to you).
_________________________________________________OR
___________________________________________________________.
5. We are writing them a letter (to them)
___________________________________________________ OR
______________________________________________________.
6.I have to buy him a lawnmower.
________________________________________________________ OR
_______________________________________________________________________.
7. They bought us some sodas.
_______________________________________________________
CHOOSE which way
8. I was giving the apples to him.
___________________________________________________________________________
_
9. I want to show you the pictures.
_________________________________________________________________________
10. Can you bring me the cake?
_________________________________________________________________________
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Vocabulario: Cuéntame de tus vacaciones
A. Para ir de vacaciones: Actividades acampar ………………… to camp dar una caminata………………… to hike estar de vacaciones………………… to be on vacation hacer una excursión ………………… to go on a day trip mandar tarjetas postales ………………… to send postcards montar a caballo ………………… to ride a horse pescar ………………… to fish el tiempo libre………………… free time tomar fotos ………………… to take photos el (la) turista………………… tourist ver las atracciones………………… to go sightseeing visitar un museo ………………… to visit a museum
B. Dónde puedes quedarte (where you can stay) el alojamiento ………………… lodging el ascensor ………………… elevator la habitación………………… hotel room la habitación doble………………… double room la habitación individual………………… single room hacer/tener una reservación………………… to make/to have a reservation el hostal/ el hostel ………………… hostel; inn el hotel ………………… hotel la llave ………………… key la recepción ………………… reception desk
C. Regalos y recuerdos (Gifts and souvenirs)
el anillo………………… ring el arete ………………… earring las artesanías………………… handicrafts el collar………………… necklace las joyas………………… jewelry la pulsera ………………… bracelet el recuerdo………………… souvenir la tarjeta postal………………… postcard
D. Para comprar bello(a) ………………… beautiful; nice caro(a) ………………… expensive demasiado(a) ………………… too; too much el dinero en efectivo ………………… cash el mercado al aire libre ………………… open-air market regatear………………… to bargain la tarjeta de crédito………………… credit card
E. Para describir el pasado anteayer ( also spelled antier) ………………… the day before yesterday
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el año pasado………………… last year el mes pasado ………………… last month la semana pasada………………… last week
F. Más expresiones Le dejo… en… I’ll give . . . to you for . . . (Le dejo el anillo en diez = I’ll give it to you for 10) Me gustaría… I would like . . . ¿Podría ver…? Could I see / look at . . . ? ¡Qué…! How . . . ! ¡Qué bello(a)! How beautiful! ¡Qué caro(a)! How expensive!
G. Question words: Song to help you remember: (to the tune of Jingle Bells)
¿Por qué? Why, ¿Cuándo? When,
¿Qué? What , ¿Dónde? Where, ¿Cuánto? How much,
¿Cómo? How, y ¿Quién? means who,
is there ¿HAY? ¿Adónde? Means to where
¿Cuál? Is which one ¿Cuántos? Means how many too
Now isn’t Spanish Fun! Hey!
Try these! 1. ¿ _____________ es la clase? - muy fácil.
2. ¿ ______________ estás? - en la biblioteca.
3. ¿ ______________ es? - es alto y rubio.
4. ¿________________ son los chicos? - de Miami.
5. ¿ __________________ estudias mucho? --para sacar buenas notas.
6. ¿ _________________ tienes que hacer? - tengo que practicar la guitarra.
7. ¿ ___________________ es el chico? - es el estudiante nuevo.
8. ¿ _______________ libros hay en la clase? - hay cinco.
9. ¿ ____________________ es el examen? - el viernes.
10. ¿ ______________________ es la clase? - a las dos.
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11. ¿ _____________________ es la clase? - difícil.
12. ¿ ___________________ están ustedes? -en la cafetería.
13. ¿ ___________________ vas? -al auditorio.
14. ¿ _________________ necesitas? - una pluma.
15. ¿ _________________ de los cuadernos usas? -el grande.
Gramática El pretérito de los verbos regulares –AR When you want to talk about actions completed in the past, use the preterite tense. The preterite tense is ONE of the the past tenses in Spanish. To form the preterite of a regular –AR verb, you drop the -AR, then add the correct ending to the stem. Preterite endings for regular –AR verbs: Caminar:
*-AR VERBS DO NOT STEM CHANGE IN THE PRETERITE!! When you use the preterite tense, here is what you are saying: Él/ bailar _____________ Ustedes/cerrar _________________ Tú/descansar ______________ ¡Practiquemos! (remember, when there is a “did,” the question needs the past tense of the verb.)
1. My brother carried the dog (llevar).
_______________________________________________
2. The teacher taught the class. _______________________________________________
-é -amos
-aste x
-ó -aron
Yo hablé I talked, I did talk, I was talking
Nosotros hablamos We talked, we did talk, we were
talking
Tú hablaste You talked, you did talk, you are
talking
x
Él habló He talked, he did talk,
he was talking
Ellos hablaron They talked, they did talk, they
were talking
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3. My parents prepared the dinner.
_____________________________________________________
4. Did you buy new shoes? _____________________________________________________
5. Did you study the book? ______________________________________________________
6. Did the children dance? _____________________________________________________
7. The girls sang a lot. ______________________________________________
8. Selena and Zacarías did talk. ______________________________________________
9. Esteban talked with Zorro. =___________________________________________________
10. Catalina and I walked the dog=_____________________________________________ 11. The student did not answer the phone. __________________________________________________ 12. My friends did not think (pensar). ____________________________________________________________ 13. Did you start? ______________________________________________________________________
-Car, -Gar, -Zar en el pretérito
The preterite of verbs ending in –CAR, -GAR, -ZAR Regular verbs that end in –car, -gar, -zar have a spelling change in the YO form of the preterite so that the sound of the verb stem remains the same.
Remember: C-A-R to Q-U-E, G-A-R to G-U-E, Z-A-R to ----Cé!
Yo/buscar __________________ practicar _____________________
1. I paid a lot of money = ______________________________________________ 2. When did you start the book? ________________________________________ 3. I played soccer. ________________________________________________ 4. Did I play the piano well? _________________________________________ 5. I arrived to school a little late. ___________________________________________
Sacar C becomes “Q” Add a “u” and the preterite é ending (I took)
Pagar (to pay) G remains “G” Add a “u” and the preterite é ending (I paid)
empezar Z becomes “C” Just add the preterite é ending (I started)
Jugar G remains “G” Add a (I played)
almorzar Z becomes “C” Just add (I ate lunch)
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6. You arrived early. ______________________________________________________ 7. They played baseball last week. __________________________________________ 8. I took good pictures. __________________________________________________ 9. I got a good grade! ____________________________________________________
Apuntes:____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
Los verbos irregulares en el pretérito Ir and Ser are the same! How will you know whether the sentence should say “went” or “was?” Ir: Ser:
1. I went to school. __________________________________________________________________
2. The students went on vacation. __________________________________________________________________
3. Did you go to the market? __________________________________________________________________
4. My friends and I went to the party. __________________________________________________________________
5. My dad went to work. ____________________________________________________ 6. The test was easy. ____________________________________________________ 7. The quizzes were difficult. ____________________________________________________
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Hacer
1. I did my homework last night. ____________________________________________________
2. Did you pack your suitcase? ____________________________________________________
3. My family made dinner. ____________________________________________________
4. You guys did a good job! ____________________________________________________ Ver and Dar are similar! Ver Dar
1. I saw the movie. ______________________________________________________ 2. The students saw the teacher (person!).
______________________________________________________ 3. Did you see the ugly man? ______________________________________________________ 4. I gave the book to you. ______________________________________________________ 5. The students and I gave cake to the girl.
______________________________________________________ 6. You gave me a cookie. ______________________________________________________
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A. Para hablar de los deportes el campeonato……………………………….. championship
el ciclismo ……………………………….. bicycle racing
la competencia ……………………………….. competition
competir (i) ……………………………….. to compete
estar empatado ……………………………….. to be tied
jugar (ue) en equipo ……………………………….. to play on a team
meter un gol ……………………………….. to score a goal
el premio ……………………………….. prize; award
la pista ……………………………….. track
la red ……………………………….. net
el uniforme……………………………….. uniform
B. Las competencias
la Copa Mundial……………………………….. The World Cup
los Juegos Olímpicos……………………………….. The Olympic Games
los Juegos Panamericanos……………………………….. The Panamerican Games
la Vuelta a Francia ……………………………….. The Tour de France
C. Expresiones:
¡Ay, por favor! ……………………………….. Oh, please!
¡Bravo! ……………………………….. Bravo!
¡Dale! ……………………………….. Come on!
¡Uy! ……………………………….. Ugh!
D. Para describir a los atletas
activo(a) ……………………………….. active
el (la) deportista……………………………….. sportsman / sportswoman
lento(a) ……………………………….. slow
musculoso(a) ……………………………….. muscular
rápido(a) ……………………………….. fast
E. Para mantenerse sano
Es bueno… ……………………………….. It’s good . . .
Es importante… ……………………………….. It’s important . . .
Es necesario… ……………………………….. It’s necessary . . .
hacer ejercicio ……………………………….. to exercise
mantenerse (ie) en forma ……………………………….. to stay in shape
saludable……………………………….. healthy; healthful
seguir (i) una dieta balanceada……………………………….. to follow a balanced diet
Gramática:
Regular –ER and –IR verbs get the same endings in the preterite!
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Preterite endings for regular –ER and –IR verbs: What are some similarities to AR verb endings?
__iste (accentos en 1 y 3 singular) _
_ron, mos_____
Ellas/aprender __aprendieron_____ Nosotros / recibir recibimos 1. I lived in México. 2. Did you live in an apartment?_ 3. The students received gifts 4. We ate in the cafetería. 5. Did you eat my sandwich? 6. They did not open their books. 7. My friend didn’t write a letter.
Adverbs in Spanish!
Adverbs describe an action.In English, adverbs tell when, where, how, how long, or how much.
Many end in -ly.
í imos
iste x
ió ieron
viví vivimos
viviste x
vivió vivieron
comí comimos
comiste x
comió comieron
Comer Vivir
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In Spanish, adverbs can be formed by:
1. Starting with the feminine form of the adjective
2. adding -mente to the singular feminine form
3. adding -mente to the singular form if it ends an E or a consonant (L or Z etc) 4. If the adjective has an accent, the adverb does as well.
rápido → rápida: Ricardo corre rápidamente. Ricardo runs quickly/rapidly.
Frecuente + mente = Competimos frecuentemente. = we compete frequently.
Fácil + mente = Metimos el gol fácilmente. We get the goal in easily.
A. Usa una de los adjetivos en la caja para crear una oración con un adverbio nuevo.
Modelo: practicar deportes / serio = Yo practiqué deportes seriamente.
1. jugar en equipo
é aste ó amos aron
í iste ió imos ieron
_Jugué en equipo alegremente.
2. hacer ejercicio
3. meter un gol
4. competir en los campeonatos
IR E to I
Competí competimos
Competiste
alegre difícil
fácil lento
activo rápido serio
tranquilo triste
perezoso
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Compitió compitieron
5. correr en la pista 6. dormir
Demostrativos: Demonstrative Adjectives
This and These have the “Ts”,
That and Those Don’t.
Demonstrative pronouns take the place of nouns. They agree in gender and number with the
noun they replace. They are REPLACING so you don’t use the noun again!
(Talking about el libro) How much does this (one) cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta éste?
Notice that there is an accent on the pronoun version, not the adjective version!
(talking about las plumas) Can I used those (ones)? ¿Puedo usar ésas?
Words used for when you are
talking about things right here in
front of you (aquí/acá)
Words used for when you are
talking about things there, not
too far away (allí, ah)
Words used for when you are
talking about things over there,
pretty far away (allá, lejos)
Masculine:
Este / Estos
this book, these books =
Masculine:
Ese / Esos
That book, those books =
Masculine:
Aquel / Aquellos
That book over there=
Those books over there =
Feminine:
Esta / Estas
This pen , these pens =
Feminine:
Esa / Esas
That pen , those pens =
Feminine:
Aquella / Aquellas
That pen over there=
Those pens over there =
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Masculine:
éste / éstos
Feminine:
ésta / éstas
Masculine:
ése / ésos
Feminine:
ésa / ésas
Masculine:
Aquél / Aquéllos
Feminine:
Aquélla / aquéllas
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A. Para hablar de la rutina diaria: Los verbos reflexivos
acostarse ( o ue) ………………………………………………………to go to bed
afeitarse……………………………………………………… to shave oneself
arreglarse ………………………………………………………to get fixed up, get ready
bañarse……………………………………………………… to take a bath
cepillarse los dientes……………………………………………………… to brush one’s teeth
despertarse( e ie) ……………………………………………………… to wake up
dormirse (ue , u) ……………………………………………………… to fall asleep
ducharse ……………………………………………………… to take a shower
entrenarse ……………………………………………………… to train
lavarse……………………………………………………… to wash oneself
levantarse……………………………………………………… to get up
maquillarse ……………………………………………………… to put on makeup
peinarse……………………………………………………… to comb one’s hair
ponerse la ropa……………………………………………………… to put on clothes
secarse ……………………………………………………… to dry oneself
B. Palabras útiles
apagar la luz……………………………………………………… to turn off the light
encender (ie) la luz……………………………………………………… to turn on the light
la rutina ……………………………………………………… routine
tener prisa ……………………………………………………… to be in a hurry
tener sueño ……………………………………………………… to be sleepy
Escribe en español: I am in a hurry! _________________________Are you sleepy?
_______________________
C. La secuencia de eventos
primero ……………………………………………………… first
entonces……………………………………………………… then; so
luego……………………………………………………… later; then
más tarde ……………………………………………………… later on
por fin ……………………………………………………… finally
a veces ……………………………………………………… sometimes
frecuentemente ……………………………………………………… frequently
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generalmente……………………………………………………… in general; generally
normalmente……………………………………………………… usually; normally
D. Las partes del cuerpo
la boca……………………………………………………… mouth
el brazo……………………………………………………… arm
la cabeza ……………………………………………………… head
la cara ……………………………………………………… face
el codo……………………………………………………… elbow
el cuello ……………………………………………………… neck
el dedo……………………………………………………… finger
el dedo del pie……………………………………………………… toe
el diente……………………………………………………… tooth
el estómago……………………………………………………… stomach
la garganta ……………………………………………………… throat
el hombro……………………………………………………… shoulder
la mano……………………………………………………… hand
la muñeca ……………………………………………………… wrist
la naríz……………………………………………………… nose
el ojo (los ojos)……………………………………………………… eye
el oído……………………………………………………… inner ear (hearing)
la oreja……………………………………………………… outer ear
el pie……………………………………………………… foot
la pierna……………………………………………………… leg
la rodilla……………………………………………………… knee
el tobillo……………………………………………………… ankle
la uña……………………………………………………… nail
E. Cosas para tu rutina
el cepillo (de dientes) ……………………………………………………… brush (toothbrush)
el champú……………………………………………………… shampoo
la crema de afeitar……………………………………………………… shaving cream
el desodorante……………………………………………………… deodorant
el jabón ……………………………………………………… soap
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la pasta de dientes……………………………………………………… toothpaste
el peine ……………………………………………………… comb
el secador de pelo……………………………………………………… hair dryer
la toalla……………………………………………………… towel
Gramática: los verbos reflexivos
We are going to break a Spanish 1 Myth:
Me llamo does NOT mean My name is!
It literally means, “I call myself.”
¿Cómo te llamas? Then means________________________
This is the verb “llamarse.” “llamar” means “to be called” and “se” is the reflexive pronoun that
means either myself, , yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, or themselves.
The “box” for the verb “Llamarse” looks like this:
Me llamo =
I call myself
Nos llamamos=
Te llamas =
x
Se llama= Se llaman = they call themselves / you guys call
yourselves
The Me, te, se, nos, and se are all ways that the reflexive pronoun “se” is changed to match the
subject.
The ending of the verb and the reflexive pronoun will always match!
Like this: me llamo te llamas nos llamamos. “Se” is for both bottom boxes in the chart
Let’s try a new verb:
Arreglarse means to get ready/fixed up in the morning. Arreglarse
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1. I get ready at 6:30 in the morning.
________________________________________________________
2. You get ready at 7.
____________________________________________________________________
3. We get ready before we go out/leave.
____________________________________________________________________
When using the verb “lavarse” and then a body part, you usually don’t mention “mi” or “tu” because
we know it’s on that person’s body since “lavarse” means to wash oneself.
Ex: In English we say “ I wash MY hands” but in Spanish it’s more like “I wash myself the hands.”=Me
lavo las manos.
Try these! Usa la sección A del paquete.
1. You wash your hands.
___________________________________________________________
2. I wash my face. ___________________________________________________________
3. We wash our hair. __________________________________________________________
4. They brush their teeth.
___________________________________________________________
5. We brush our hair. ___________________________________________________________
One verb: put the pronoun (me, te, se, nos) before the conjugated verb.
2 verbs, 2 ways!
Put the pronoun BEFORE the conjugated verb or ATTACHED to the infinitive.
I have to brush my teeth = Me tengo que cepillar los dientes. OR Tengo que cepillarme.
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1. We have to bathe.
____________________________________________________________________OR
__________________________________________________________
2. You don’t want to wash your hair.
____________________________________________________________________OR
__________________________________________________________
3. He doesn’t want to get ready today.
____________________________________________________________________OR
__________________________________________________________
All of these verbs can change to the preterite tense. Conjugate the ending how you normally
would:
I washed my hair = ________________________________________
You got ready very quickly in the morning =
________________________________________
Note: sometimes you can make these reflexive verbs (se) into regular verbs by removing the
se, but then this changes the meaning.
Me lavo la cara = I wash MY face.
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Lavo el coche = I wash the car.
Some of these reflexive verbs stem- change! Check your list A to see which ones have a
(oue) or (eie)
Despertarse Acostarse
Dormirse: presente Dormirse: pretérito
1. We wake up at 6
am.____________________________________________________________
2. I wake up early and you wake up late.
____________________________________________________________________________
________
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3. At what time do you wake up?
____________________________________________________________
4. I woke up late but you woke up early!
____________________________________________________________
5. I fall asleep easily. ___________________________________________________________
6. Do you fall asleep when you read?
____________________________________________________________
7. I go to bed at 11
pm.____________________________________________________________
8. We go to bed early.____________________________________________________________
9. What time did you go to bed?
____________________________________________________________
10. We fell asleep early
____________________________________________________________
11. Did you guys fall asleep in class?
____________________________________________________________
12. I fell asleep! ____________________________________________________________
The PRESENT PROGRESSIVE is used when you want to say what you are doing RIGHT NOW.
This is like the “-ing” ending in English.
The only difference is, in Spanish they ONLY use this when they are currently in the middle of
something RIGHT THEN.
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In English, someone will ask, “What are you doing this weekend?” and we may respond, “ I am seeing
my friends” but this would never happen in Spanish, because the person is not looking at friends
RIGHT AT THE MOMENT.
Instead, someone in Spanish would say, “ I will see my friends/I am going to see my friends” = Voy a
ver a mis amigos.
But if you are doing homework right at the moment, studying, brushing your teeth, or reading, it
makes sense to use the present progressive in Spanish.
The way you form this tense is by first taking the form of ESTAR that matches the person you are
talking about.
ESTAR: Then drop the ending of the infinitive and give the
following endings:
AR: ANDO ER/IR =
IENDO
Leer, Creer (to believe/think), oír (to hear) =
YENDO
Leyendo / Creyendo / Oyendo
I am talking = Estoy hablando.
We are eating = Estamos comiendo.
NOTE: when using “ir” for going, just conjugate Ir for going = Voy a estudiar = I am going to study.
They don’t use yendo for ir.
The ending of –ando, iendo, yendo does NOT change based on how many people!
1. He is working. ______________________________________________________________
2. We are dancing. ______________________________________________________________
3. They are writing. ______________________________________________________________
4. Are you listening?
______________________________________________________________
5. He is making the cake.
______________________________________________________________
When you want to attach a pronoun (a reflexive one or maybe an IOP or DOP) you can either put the
pronoun BEFORE the ESTAR or attached to the –ando/iendo/yendo. In the case that you attach any
pronouns, put the accent on the stressed vowel of the ando/endo/yendo: either ándo, éndo,
iéndo.
I am brushing my teeth = Me estoy cepillando los dientes OR Estoy cepillándome los dientes.
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We are getting ready = Nos estamos arreglando / estamos arreglándonos.
You can also use a DOP like “the soda” If you want to say “I am drinking it” Estoy bebiéndolo. OR Lo
estoy bebiendo.
1. They are writing them (the letters)
______________________________________________________________
2. We are preparing them (the burgers)
______________________________________________________________
3. I am washing my face.
______________________________________________________________
4. He is falling asleep and you are waking up.
____________________________________________________________________________
______
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Fill in the blank with the correct word. There will be two that you don’t use. Write your own
sentences using the leftover words.
abierto vestido número falda pulsera
sandalias traje abrigo cinturón gorra
1. Voy a la “Prom.” Compro un _______________ azul y sofisticado.
2. La muchacha elegante lleva una ___________________ de diamantes y perlas.
3. Alberto necesita un _________________ para llevar a su boda.
4. El beisbolista lleva una _________________ para proteger sus ojos del sol.
5. Los pantalones de Alonso le quedan un poco flojos. Necesita un
__________________.
6. Ese Wal-Mart siempre está ________________. Puedes ir ahora.
7. LeBron James lleva un __________________ de zapato muy grande.
8. En diciembre todos los días me visto con un _______________ de lana.
9. _____________________________________________________________________.
10. ______________________________________________________________________.
Fill in the blank with the correct pronoun and verb.
11. Uy, a mí _______ ___________________ (disgustar) los políticos. Todos son corruptos.
12. A ella _______ __________________ (interesar) mucho la moda y el diseño.
13. A Juan y a mí _______ __________________ (fascinar) las culturas del caribe.
14. A Rafael _______ _____________________ (encantar) bailar salsa.
15. ¿A ti _______ ____________________ (parecer) lindos estos pantalones?
16. A los muchachos _______ ____________________ (quedar) bien los trajes.
Irregular “Yo” Forms: For each of the following groups of sentences, fill in the blank with
correct form of the verb in parentheses.
17. (Poner) Nosotros _______________ los libros en la clase. Yo ___________________ los
libros en la clase.
18. (Salir) Yo ________________ a las ocho. Ana y Beto _________________ a las ocho.
19. (Traer) Tú _______________ una merienda. Yo ________________ una merienda.
20. (Hacer) El pasajero _____________ un viaje. Yo _____________ un viaje.
21. (Conocer) Las muchachas _______________ a tu hermana. Yo _________________ a tu
hermana.
22. (Venir) Nosotros __________________ a las tres. Yo ___________________ a las tres.
23. (Saber) Yo ____________ jugar béisbol. Tú ___________________ jugar béisbol.
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Answer in complete sentences and in Spanish.
24. ¿Te interesa la clase de español? Por qué o por qué no?
___________________________________________________________________________
_.
25. ¿En tu opinión, es buena idea comprar botas por Internet?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______.
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A. Cosas en el mercado los artículos…………………………….. goods
barato(a) …………………………….. cheap, inexpensive
la escultura …………………………….. sculpture
fino(a) …………………………….. fine
una ganga…………………………….. a bargain
la pintura…………………………….. painting
el retrato…………………………….. portrait
único(a) …………………………….. unique
(estar) hecho(a) a mano…………………………….. (to be) handmade
Use SER plus DE to say what something’s made of = the gold bracelet = la pulsera de oro
DON’T change the endings for these!
cerámica …………………………….. ceramic
cuero …………………………….. leather
madera …………………………….. wood
metal…………………………….. metal
oro…………………………….. gold
piedra …………………………….. stone
plata…………………………….. silver
B. Expresiones Con mucho gusto. …………………………….. With pleasure.
Con permiso. …………………………….. Excuse me.
De nada. …………………………….. You’re welcome.
Disculpe. …………………………….. Excuse me.; I’m sorry.
No hay de qué. …………………………….. Don’t mention it.
Pase. …………………………….. Go ahead.
Perdóneme. …………………………….. Forgive me.
¿Me deja ver…? …………………………….. May I see . . . ?( literally, will you allow me to see…?)
MORE irregular verbs in the preterite! For the following verbs, you have to change the root and then add the ending.
ESTAR __________
TENER__________
PONER__________
PODER__________
SABER__________
1. I was _________________ 2. You found out _________________ 3. He was _________________ 4. You had _________________ 5. We put _________________
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6. Was he able? _________________ 7. She had _________________ 8. I put _________________ 9. We had _________________ 10. Did she have? _________________ 11. They put _________________ 12. Were you able? _________________ 13. Could they? _________________ 14. I couldn’t _________________ 15. I wasn’t able _________________ 16. We didn’t find out _________________ 17. They found out _________________ 18. He found out ______________
Los Personajes el (la) dios(a) ………………….. god/goddess el ejército ………………….. army el emperador………………….. emperor el (la) enemigo(a) ………………….. enemy el (la) guerrero(a) ………………….. warrior el héroe ………………….. hero la heroína………………….. heroine el (la) joven ………………….. young man/woman el/la personaje ………………….. character el príncipe …………………..prince la princesa………………….. princess
A. Los eventos la batalla ………………….. battle la guerra ………………….. war cambiar …………………. to change casarse………………….. to get married contar (ue) ………………….. to tell (a story) llevar ………………….. to take; to carry llorar ………………….. to cry morir (ue) ………………….. to die pelear ………………….. to fight regresar………………….. to return transformar ………………….. to transform
B. Las descripciones azteca ………………….. Aztec estar enamorado(a) (de) ………………….. to be in love (with) hermoso(a) ………………….. handsome; lovely heroico(a) ………………….. heroic histórico(a) historic; historical querido(a) ………………….. beloved los celos ………………….. jealousy tener celos ………………….. to be jealous
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valiente………………….. brave
C. Los Lugares el lugar ………………….. place la montaña ………………….. mountain el palacio………………….. palace el volcán………………….. volcano
D. Para narrar Había una vez... ………………….. Once upon a time there was/were . . . Hace muchos siglos... ………………….. Many centuries ago . . . la leyenda………………….. legend el mensaje………………….. lesson; message la narración………………….. narration el personaje ………………….. character sobre ………………….. about
Gramática
Anytime you want to say someone/thing is lost, dressed, closed, etc, you can create these adjectives from verbs. Adjectives that are formed from verbs are called past participles. To form most past participles:
First, conjugate ESTAR for the subject
Take the infinitive
Drop the ending
-AR verbs get -ADO
-ER/-IR verbs get -IDO
Then you make them agree in GENDER and NUMBER with what they are describing.
If a verb is reflexive, you can drop the SE.
No stem-changes or anything! There are some irregulars, though!
1. Decir –dicho 2. Hacer –hecho 3. Volver –vuelto 4. Escribir – escrito 5. Abrir – abierto (open/opened) 6. Ir – ido 7. Ver – visto 8. Poner – puesto 9. Morir – muerto (dead) 10. Romper – roto (broken)
Ejemplos: cerrar = La oficina está cerrada. The office is closed.
Vender = Los coches están vendidos The cars are sold.
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Try these! 1. La puerta / cerrar _____________________________________________________________
2. La luz / encender _____________________________________________________
3. Los peces / perder _____________________________________________________
4. Los dedos / romper _____________________________________________________
5. El fuego / apagar _____________________________________________________
6. La chica / bien / vestir _____________________________________________________
7. Las flores / morir _____________________________________________________
8. Los niños / dormir _____________________________________________________
9. Nosotros / aburrir _____________________________________________________
10. Ustedes / enojarse _____________________________________________________
11. Las chicas / preocupar _____________________________________________________
12. El libro/ escribir ____________________________________________________________
13. Las escuelas / abrir ____________________________________________________________
14. La camiseta /hacer de metal ____________________________________________________________
15. La chica / transformar a una princesa _____________________________________________________
The Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense is another past tense in Spanish. You use the preterite to tell about completed actions in the past. The imperfect is used to describe habitual actions in the past, things you always used to do, or what continuing action was occurring before an interruption.
The imperfect is used to describe something that was not perfected or not completed in the past. You use it to . .
say how old someone was
tell what time it was
tell what the weather was like
talk about something that was happening (continuous action in the past
talk about something you used to do
Regular verbs in the imperfect take these endings:
AR: -ER/- IR:
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Trabajar Escribir
Only three verbs are irregular in the imperfect.
SER Ir
era
Ver
Cuando yo era niña, íbamos a la playa. =
When I was little (continuous action), we used to go (habitual action) to the beach.
Notice that there is no WORD for “used to.” Instead, you get this connotation from using the imperfect tense.
Try these!
1. Yo siempre _________________ (played) a los deportes.
2. Cuando yo _________________ niña, mis hermanos y yo ________________(spent) mucho tiempo
juntos.
3. Las chicas ____________________(watched) muchas películas.
4. Mi familia ______________________ (went/used to go) a la playa todos los veranos.
5. Las estudiantes ___________________ (were) muy contentas en la escuela.
6. Cuando mi padre ______________ (was) joven, _______ (he was) alto y __________ (had) pelo castaño.
Iba
veía
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7. Mi madre siempre nos ______________ (read) cuentos antes de dormir.
Contesta en español:
8. ¿Dónde vivían tus abuelos? _______________________________________________________ 9. ¿Adónde iban tú y tu familia en el verano?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Preterite vs. Imperfect
You have learned two verb forms used for the past tense: the preterite and the imperfect. How do you know when to use each one?
You really need to picture the situation. Do you see a specific beginning or ending? If so, use the preterite for that verb. La guerra empezó en 1846. =The war began in 1846.
If it’s a continued action in the scene, use the imperfect.
The people were afraid = Las personas tenían miedo.
You can apply both tenses to talk about two overlapping events.
• the imperfect for what was going on at the time (continued event)
• the preterite for the action that occurred or interrupted.
When I was studying, my friend called me.
(continued action) (interruption)
Cuando yo estudiaba, mi amiga me llamó.
For each verb, write a P if the tense should be preterite and an I if the tense should be imperfect.
1. During college, I always studied and partied a lot.
2. I didn’t use a calculator on the homework last night.
3. My family supported the governor in all the elections.
4. We were fundraising for cheer when we heard the news.
5. I was enjoying a walk in the park when it started to rain.
6. All of the students worked hard every day.
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7. My family and I would always make sundaes in the summer.
8. We used to date.
9. We were friends back then, but we stopped talking.
10. We were on our way to the party when my dad called.
11. I was climbing trees when I fell.
12. While my mom made dinner, I studied a lot.
13. Last night I talked to my boyfriend for 3 hours.
14. The spoiled child would cry when he didn’t get the toy he wanted.
15. Why did you throw trash in the street?
16. I bought lunch yesterday.
17. I was buying my lunch when the bell rang.
18. When I was little, we lived in Richboro.
Based on the above sentences, what kinds of words trigger the use of the imperfect? _________________________________________________
Based on the above sentences, what kinds of words trigger the use of the preterite? ______________________________________________
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