ejercicios alcanos

ALCANOSFORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRECH4 ...............................

CH3 CH3 ...............................

CH3 CH2 CH3 ...............................

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................

CH3 CH CH3 ............................... |

CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................

CH3 CH CH2 CH3 ............................... |

CH3

CH3

|CH3 C CH3 ............................... | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................

CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... |

CH3

CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3

CH3

|CH3 C CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3

CH3 CH CH CH3 ............................... | | CH3 CH3

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FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRECH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................

CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH2 CH3

CH3

|CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3

CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3 ............................... | | CH3 CH3

CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3 ............................... | | CH3 CH3

CH3

|CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3 ...............................

| CH3

H3C |CH3 C CH CH3 ............................... | | H3C CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................

CH3 |

CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH2 CH3

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

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CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................

H3C CH3 | |CH3 CH C CH2 CH3 ...............................

| CH2 CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 (CH2 )12 CH3 ...............................

CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH CH3 ............................... | | CH2 CH3 CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3 CH CH3

CH3 ( CH2 )9 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )10 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )11 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )12 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )13 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )14 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )15 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )16 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )17 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )18 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )19 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )20 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )21 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )22 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )23 CH3

...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )24 CH3

...............................

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

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CH3 ( CH2 )25 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )26 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )27 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )28 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )38 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )48 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )58 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )68 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )78 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )88 CH3 ...............................

CH3 ( CH2 )98 CH3 ...............................

ALQUENOS

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FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH2 = CH2 .......................................

CH3 CH = CH2 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................

CH3 CH = CH CH3 .......................................

CH3 C = CH2 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH3 .......................................

CH3 CH2 C = CH2 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH CH = CH2 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH = C CH3 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH CH3 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH3 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 C = CH2 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH CH = CH2 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH CH2 CH = CH2

| ....................................... CH3

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FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH3 CH2 CH = C CH3 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH2 C = CH CH3 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH CH = CH CH3 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 CH C = CH2 ....................................... | | CH3 CH3

CH3 |CH3 C CH = CH2 ....................................... | CH3

CH3 C = C CH3 ....................................... | | CH3 CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH CH3 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH3 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 ..........................

ALCADIENOS ( DIENOS )

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

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CH2 = C = CH2 propadieno ( aleno )

CH3 CH = C = CH2 1,2 – butadieno

CH2 = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – butadieno

CH3 CH2 CH = C = CH2 1,2 – pentadieno

CH3 CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – pentadieno

CH2 = CH CH2 CH = CH2 1,4 – pentadieno

CH3 CH = C = CH CH3 2,3 – pentadieno

CH2 = CH C = CH2 2 – metil – 1,3 – butadieno | CH3 ( isopreno )

CH3 C = C = CH2 3 – metil – 1,2 – butadieno | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = C = CH2 1,2 – hexadieno

CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – hexadieno

CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH2 1,4 – hexadieno

CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 1,5 – hexadieno

CH3 CH2 CH = C = CH CH3 2,3 – hexadieno

CH3 CH = CH CH = CH CH3 2,4 – hexadieno

CH3 CH2 C = C = CH2 3 – metil – 1,2 – pentadieno | CH3

CH3 CH CH = C = CH2 4 – metil – 1,2 – pentadieno | CH3

CH3 CH = CH C = CH2 2 – metil – 1,3 – pentadieno | CH3

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FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH3 CH = C CH = CH2 3 – metil – 1,3 – pentadieno | CH3

CH2 = CH CH2 C = CH2 2 – metil – 1,4 – pentadieno | CH3

CH2 = CH CH CH = CH2 3 – metil – 1,4 – pentadieno | CH3

CH3 CH = C = C CH3 2 – metil – 2,3 – pentadieno | CH3

CH2 = C C = CH2 2,3 – dimetil – 1,3 – butadieno | |

H3C CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = C = CH2 1,2 – heptadieno

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – heptadieno

CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH2 1,4 – heptadieno

CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 1,5 – heptadieno

CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 1,6 – heptadieno

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = C = CH CH3 2,3 – heptadieno

CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH = CH CH3 2,4 – heptadieno

CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH CH3 2,5 – heptadieno

CH3 CH2 CH = C = CH CH2 CH3 3,4 – heptadieno

ALCATRIENOS ( TRIENOS )

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH2 = C = C = CH2 butatrieno

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CH3 CH = C = C = CH2 1,2,3 – pentatrieno

CH2 = CH CH = C = CH2 1,2,4 – pentatrieno

CH3 CH2 CH = C = C = CH2 1,2,3 – hexatrieno

CH3 CH = CH CH = C = CH2 1,2,4 – hexatrieno

CH2 = CH CH2 CH = C = CH2 1,2,5 – hexatrieno

CH3 CH = C = CH CH = CH2 1,3,4 – hexatrieno

CH2 = CH CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3,5 – hexatrieno

CH3 CH = C = C = CH CH3 2,3,4 – hexatrieno

ALQUINOS

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH CH ......................................

CH3 C CH ......................................

CH3 CH2 C CH ......................................

CH3 C C CH3 ......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH ......................................

CH3 CH2 C C CH3 ......................................

CH3 CH C CH ...................................... | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH ......................................

CH3 CH2 CH2 C C CH3 ......................................

CH3 CH2 C C CH2 CH3 ......................................

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CH3 CH2 CH C CH ...................................... | CH3

CH3 CH CH2 C CH ...................................... | CH3

CH3 CH C C CH3 ...................................... | CH3

CH3

|CH3 C C CH ...................................... | CH3

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1 – heptino

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C C CH3 2 – heptino

CH3 CH2 CH2 C C CH2 CH3 3 – heptino

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1 – octino

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1 – nonino

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1 – decino

ALCADIINOS ( DIINOS )

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH C C CH butadiino

CH3 C C C CH 1,3 – pentadiino

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CH C CH2 C CH 1,4 – pentadiino

CH3 CH2 C C C CH 1,3 – hexadiino

CH3 C C CH2 C CH 1,4 – hexadiino

CH C CH2 CH2 C CH 1,5 – hexadiino

CH3 C C C C CH3 2,4 – hexadiino

CH C CH C CH 3 – metil – 1,4 – pentadiino | CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 C C C CH 1,3 – heptadiino

CH3 CH2 C C CH2 C CH 1,4 – heptadiino

CH3 C C CH2 CH2 C CH 1,5 – heptadiino

CH C CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1,6 – heptadiino

CH3 CH2 C C C C CH3 2,4 – heptadiino

CH3 C C CH2 C C CH3 2,5 – heptadiino

CH3 CH C C C CH 5 – metil – 1,3 – hexadiino | CH3

CH3

|CH C C C CH 3,3 – dimetil – 1,4 – pentadiino

| CH3

ALCATRIINOS ( TRIINOS )

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH C C C C CH 1,3,5 – hexatriino

CH3 C C C C C CH 1,3,5 – heptatriino

CH C CH2 C C C CH 1,3,6 – heptatriino

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CH3 CH2 C C C C C CH 1,3,5 – octatriino

CH3 C C CH2 C C C CH 1,3,6 – octatriino

CH C CH2 CH2 C C C CH 1,3,7 – octatriino

CH3 C C C C CH2 C CH 1,4,6 – octatriino

CH C CH2 C C CH2 C CH 1,4,7 – octatriino

ALQUENINOS

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH C CH = CH2 butenino

CH3 C C CH = CH2 1 – penten – 3 – ino

CH C CH2 CH = CH2 1 – penten – 4 – ino

CH C CH = CH CH3 3 – penten – 1 – ino

CH C C = CH2 2 – metil – butenino | CH3

CH3 CH2 C C CH = CH2 1 – hexen – 3 – ino

CH C CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 1 – hexen – 5 – ino

ALCADIENINOS

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH C CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – hexadien – 5 – ino

CH2 = CH C C CH = CH2 1,5 – hexadien – 3 – ino

CH2 = CH CH2 C C CH = CH2 1,6 – heptadien – 3 – ino

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ALQUENDIINOS

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH C C C CH = CH2 1 – hexen – 3,5 – diino

CH C CH = CH C CH 3 – hexen – 1,5 – diino

CH C CH2 C C CH = CH2 1 – hepten – 3,6 – diino

CH C CH2 CH = CH C CH 3 – hepten – 1,6 – diino

HALUROS DE ALQUILO

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH3 F fluorometano

CH3 Cl clorometano

CH3 Br bromometano

CH3 I yodometano

CH3 CH2 CH2 Br 1 – bromopropano

CH3 CH CH3 2 – bromopropano |

Br

CH3 CH CH2 F 1 – fluoro – 2 – metilpropano |

CH3

F |

CH3 C CH3 2 – fluoro – 2 – metilpropano | CH3

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CH3

|CH3 C CH2 F 1 – fluoro – 2,2 – dimetilpropano | CH3

Cl CH2 CH CH2 CH3 1 – cloro – 2 – metilbutano |

CH3

Cl |

CH3 C CH2 CH3 2 – cloro – 2 – metilbutano |

CH3 Cl |

CH3 CH CH CH3 3 – cloro – 2 – metilbutano |

CH3

CH3 CH CH2 CH2 Cl 1 – cloro – 3 – metilbutano |

CH3

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH2 Cl2 diclorometano

CH F3 fluoroformo ( trifluorometano )

CH Cl3 cloroformo ( triclorometano )

CH Br3 bromoformo ( tribromometano )

CH I3 yodoformo ( triyodometano )

C Cl4 tetraclorometano

CH3 CH2 CH Br2 1,1 – dibromopropano

CH3 CH Br CH2 Br 1,2 – dibromopropano

CH2 Br CH2 CH2 Br 1,3 – dibromopropano

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CH3 C Br2 CH3 2,2 – dibromopropano

CH3 CH2 C Br3 1,1,1 – tribromopropano

CH3 CH Br CH Br2 1,1,2 – tribromopropano

CH2 Br CH2 CH Br2 1,1,3 – tribromopropano

CH3 C Br2 CH2 Br 1,2,2 – tribromopropano

CH2 Br CH Br CH2 Br 1,2,3 – tribromopropano

FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE

CH3 CH2 CH = CH I 1 – yodo – 1 – buteno

CH3 CH2 C I = CH2 2 – yodo – 1 – buteno

CH3 CH I CH = CH2 3 – yodo – 1 – buteno

CH2 I CH2 CH = CH2 4 – yodo – 1 – buteno

CH3 CH = CH CH2 I 1 – yodo – 2 – buteno

CH3 CH = C I CH3 2 – yodo – 2 – buteno

CH3 CH2 C C Br 1 – bromo – 1 – butino

CH3 CHBr C CH 3 – bromo – 1 – butino

CH2Br CH2 C CH 4 – bromo – 1 – butino

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