Ámbito comunicación.inglés
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Mdulo IV ESPADmbito de la
Comunicacin.
INGLS.
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Bloque 10. Tema 1: Future plans
NDICE
1. Welcome Back!!!
2. Futuro
2.1. Futuro con WILL
2.2. Futuro con Going to, futuro de intencin
2.3. Presente Simple con idea de futuro
2.4. Presente Continuo con idea de futuro
3. Pronombres interrogativos
4. Autoevaluaciones
5. Tareas
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1. Welcome Back!!!
Ahora vas a leer una conversacin entre Karen Smith y su amiga espaola Marta.
Lee con atencin el texto e identifica las formas de futuro que vers en l y queencontrars explicadas a continuacin. Hay varias formas, aunque todas estn
resaltadas en negrita.
Karen: Hi Marta!
Marta: Hi Karen! Whats up?
Karen: Its very hot today and Im
thirsty. Shall we havea beer?
Marta: A beer? No, thanks. I dont likebeer, but I will havea coke.
Karen: Well, Marta, what are your plans
for next year?
Marta: I am going to studyat university.
Karen: Here in Toledo?
Marta: I dont know. I will stayhere in Toledoor I will goto Madrid.
Karen: Oh, and whatare you going to study?Marta: I am going to studyMedicine.
Karen: Is there a Medicine school in Toledo?
Marta: There will be onesoon. What about you, Karen?
Karen: Me? Oh, I will I will bea mother next year. Marta:
Really? Youre joking!!
Karen: No, Im not. I am pregnant and I am going to havea baby in 6
months.
Marta: Wow! Congratulations! Thats very good news.
Karen: Thank you!
Marta: Are you going to work?
Karen: Of course! I am going to bea teacher back in the USA. I will
teachSpanish or Spanish Literature, Im not sure.
Marta: Thats very interesting!
Karen: Well, and what are your plans for next weekend?
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Marta: Im goingto a concert on Friday. Look! I have the tickets here.
Karen: Im visitinga friend in Salamancaand Im goingby train. Marta:
What timedoes it leavefrom Toledo?
Karen: It leavesat 5 in the afternoon.
Marta: Ok, I will goto the station with you, mommy!
Karen: You are a very good friend, Marta (laughing)
Marta: And you will bean excellent mother! (laughing too)
Vocabulario
Whats up? Qu tal?
Congratulations Enhorabuena
What about you? Y t, qu?
Verygood news Muy buenas noticias
Yourejoking! Ests de broma!
The trainleaves El tren sale
I ampregnant Estoy embarazada
Laughing Riendo
2. Futuro
1. Futuro simple o futuro con WILL
Afirmativa: Sujeto + will + verbo + resto de la oracin
Will con todos los sujetos (I / you / he / she / it / we / they) + infinitivo sin to
Will se puede contraer con el sujeto: ll I will -> Ill / You will -> Youll
I will (I'll) clean the car this afternoon
You will (you'll) go to the bank tomorrow
They will (they'll) be here in a couple of minutes
The boys will forget to do their homework. Please remind them!
Negativa: Sujeto + will not (wont) + verbo + resto de la oracin
Will not puede contraerse en wont
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I will not (won't) watch that film on TV
They will not (won't) give Sheila a present
I wont be at home next week
Sandra wont pass her exams
Interrogativa:
Yes / no questions: Will + sujeto + verbo + resto de la oracin?
Will they work here next year? Yes, they will /No, they wont
Will she go to London next summer? Yes, she will / No, she wont
Will Bessie stay in a hotel? Yes, she willWill Peter go shopping ? Yes, he will
Will they have something to drink?
Short answers: Yes, pronombre will: Yes, I / you / he/ she / it / we / they willNo, pronombre wont: No, I / he / she / it / we / they won't
Preguntas con who o what como sujeto de la oracin
Wh-word + will + verb + rest of sentence?
Who will be the main actor?
John will walk the dog -> Who will walk the dog?
Lesley will buy the flowers -> Who will buy the flowers?
The children will visit their grandparents -> Who will visit their grandparents?
The alarm clock will wake us -> What will wake us?
The bus will be late -> What will be late?
That car will crash -> What will crash?
Preguntas con el interrogativo en funcin de complemento de la oracin
wh-word + will + subject + verb + rest of sentence?
What will we have for dinner?
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Who will they meet at the party?
They will ride round London on a double-decker bus-> Where will they ride on a
double-decker bus?
They will watch the changing of the guard outside Buckingham Palace-> What willthey watch outside Buckingham Palace?
They will go to the West End on Tuesday -> When will they go to the West End?
Steve will see Pat at the cinema -> Who will Steve see at the cinema?
USOS DEL FUTURO CON WILL
Decisiones de futuro sin planificar, decididas que se toman en el momento de
hablar
The bell is ringing. I'll go and open the door
What would you like to drink? Ill have a cup of coffee
Did you phone Mary? No, I forgot. Ill phone her now
Predicciones sobre el futuro sin evidencia en el presente:
Mark will win the race
Chris will pass the exam easily
This time next year, Ill be in Japan
Shell be twenty next Friday
Promesas:
I will bring you some chocolate
Thanks for the money. Ill give it back to you on Monday
Amenazas:
You will be sorry!
You'll be punished
Ofrecimientos:
That bag looks heavy. I'll help you to carry it.
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Dont worry. Ill do the washing up
Peticiones:
Will you lend me 100 ? No, I won'tWill you help me with my homework?
Acuerdo:
Can I have my book back? Of course. Ill bring it back this afternoon
Con determinadas expresiones:
Ill probably be late this evening
I havent seen Carol today. I expectshell phone this evening
Dont worry about the exam. Im sure youll pass
Do you think Sarah will like the present we bought her?
I wonder what will happen
EJERCICIOS
Ex. 1.- Derek is 18 years old now. What will he be like in 10 years from now? Howwill his life be different then? Complete what Derek says using will/won't.
Example: IhopeI'll havea job in 10 years' time.
1 I hope / have a job in 10 years time.
2 Perhaps I / have a good job.
3 I probably | not | be very rich.
4 I / not | look the same as I do now.
5 I think I / be married.
6 I / probably | have children.
Ex. 2.- Complete the sentences using I'llor I won'tand the verbs:go answer not go put on not have lend wait
Example: I'm tired, I think I'll goto bed early tonight.
1 'I haven't got any money.' 'Haven't you? Oh,________ you some if you like.'
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2 'The telephone is ringing.' 'Oh,_______ it.'
3 I'm a bit cold. I think _______ a sweater.
4 'Would you like something to eat?' 'I ___________anything at the moment, thank
you. I'm not very hungry.'5 'I'm going out for a walk.' 'It's raining.' 'Oh, is it? Well, _______out now, then,
_______until it's stopped.'
Ex. 3.- Peter wants to see Sally. He is talking to her on the telephone. Completethe conversation using will/won'tand one of these verbs: be (x5); end; meet; see;finish (x2);
Peter: Willyo u beat home this evening, Sally?
Sally: Well, I 'm working late. I don't expect I ________until after 9.00, so
I _______home until quite late.
Peter: Oh, I see. Wha t about tomorrow? _______ (you) free f or lunch?
Sally: No, I'm afraid I__________ in a meeting at lunchtime.
Peter: What time do you think_________ (the meeting)?
Sally: I'm not sure, but it probably__________ before 2.00. Listen, Peter.
Why don't we meet for a coffee after work tomorrow evening?
Peter: What time___________________(you) finished tomorrow?
Sally: I ________free by 6.00.
Peter: All right. I ____________ you at your office at 6.00, then.
Sally: Right. I ______________ you then.
2.- Futuro con Going to, futuro de intencin
Presente continuo de "go" seguido de TO + INFINITIVO
Afirmativa
I am going to examine him first
The ambulance is going to be here soon
You are going to open the door
Dr Newton is going to get into his car
Mr. Lester is going to answer the phone
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We are going to have lunch
They are going to change trains in Reading
Interrogativa:
Are you going to smoke a cigarette?
Is it going to rain?
Is Arthur going to bring anything to the scene of the accident?
Who is going to drive Mrs. Newton home?
What is going to happen? He is going to fall into the hole
What are you going to do this evening?
Who are you going to invite?
Where are they going to live?
What is she going to wear at the party?
When is your father going to leave on holiday?
How are you going to get in contact with Malcolm?
Short answers: las mismas del presente continuo
Negativa:
Dr Newton is not going to take Bruce out of the car
I'm not going to work
They are not going to phone the police
USOS DEL FUTURO CON GOING TO
Decidido de antemano
I have bought some bricks and I'm going to build a garage.
Tom has borrowed the axe. He's going to chop some wood
Why are you taking down all the pictures? I'm going to repaper the room.
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Condiciones actuales nos llevan a pensar que algo va a ocurrir: prediccin
I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick
Our team is in the lead. They are going to win
The sky is very dark, it is going to rain. Those people are going to get wetHurry up! Its getting late. You are going to miss the bus
IAM DOING // I AM GOING TO DO
Cuando hablamos de lo que tenemos intencin de hacer, podemos usar tantopresente continuo, como la forma going to
What time are you meeting Ann this evening? = What time are you going to meetAnn this evening?
Im leaving tomorrow//Im going to leave tomorrow Ive got the plane ticket
Why are you sitting in the armchair? Im watching a film on TV //Im going towatch
The windows are dirty. Yes, I know. Im going to clean them later //Im cleaning themlater)
I dont like this neighbourhood. Tomorrow Im going to look for a new flat. //Imlookingfor
No podemos usar presente continuo para hacer predicciones sobre el futuro:
Our team are going to win (NO our team are winning)It is going to rain. (It is raining)Those people are going to get wet (Those people are getting wet)You are going to miss the bus (youre missing the bus)
EJERCICIOS
Ex. 4.- What is going to happen in the pictures?
Example: She's going to answer the phone.
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Ex. 5.- Completa usando going toy los verbos entre parntesis.
Example: 'I've made up my mind I'm going to change(change) my job.''What are you goingto do (you | do)?' 'I'm not sure yet.'
1 'What_____________________ (you | wear) at the party on Saturday?' 'I haven't
decided yet. What about you? _________________(you | wear) your new black dress?'
2 'Why have you bought all that wallpaper? What ______________________(you
do)?' 'I ___________________________ (decorate) the living room.'
3 He's decided that he ___________________________ (not | leave) school this
summer. He _________________________ (stay) on for another year.
4 'I _____________________ (buy) a new motorbike.' 'How __________________
(you | pay) for it? You haven't got enough money.' 'I ___________________ (ask)
my bank to lend me the money.'
Ex. 6.- Completa usando will o going to y los verbos entre parntesis.
Example: 'What can I do this evening? I know! I'll go (go) and see Sue.'
1 Someone told me that you're moving from London.'
'That's right. I . (live) in Manchester.'
2 Would you like to come to my house this evening?'
'Yes, all right. I .. (come) at 9 o'clock.'
3 I don't feel very well. I think I ... (faint).
4 'It's Simon's birthday soon. I've decided to buy him the new Blues Brothers record.'
'Oh, he doesn't like the Blues Brothers any more.' 'Oh, really? Well, I
(get) him something to wear.'
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5 Oh, no! Look at those cars! They .... (crash)!
6 'I could lend you some money if you like.' 'Could you? I . .. (pay) you
back on Friday.'
7.- Completa usando present continuous ogoing to. A veces ambas estructurasson posibles.Ejemplos: I (see) Sarah this afternoon. I'm seeing Sarah this afternoon. / I'm
going to see Sarah this afternoon.
Hurry up! We (miss) our bus. Hurry up! We're going to miss our bus.
1 It (snow) later tonight. ->
2 She (meet) them tomorrow morning.
3 What (you | do) this afternoon?
4 Be careful! You (break) that glass. ->5 He (not | come) next Saturday.
6 Look out! You (hurt) yourself with that knife. ->
3. Presente Simple con idea de futuro
Eventos sometidos a un horario o un programa preestablecidos
Theres a train to London every hour. The next one leaves at 15.40
We take a bus in Liverpool at 6.30, change at Oxford at 9.30 and arrive in London at
11 o'clock.
I've got a new job. I start next Monday
We have an exam in two hours
I go into the army on the first of the next month
We meet again at Christmas, as usual
8.- Completa usando el presente simple de los verbos entre parntesis.
Example: Our boat leaves(leave) Dover at 2.00 on Friday and arrives(arrive) inCalais at 6.00.
1 The conference start) on June 3rd, and (finish) on June 10th.
2We've got plenty of time. Our plane .. (not take off) until 9 o'clock
3Tonight's concert (begin) at 8.00 and it (not | end) until 11.00
4When (the next train leave) for Bristol
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9.- Elige la mejor respuesta:
a) 'Do you have any plans for your birthday?' 'Yes,.. 2.. a party.'
1) I'll have 2) I'm having
b) 'I need some help with the shopping tomorrow.' 'Don't worry,'1) I'll help. 2) I'm helping.
c) What . when you grow up and leave school?
1) will you do 2) are you going to do
d) 'Do you want to come to a football match on Saturday?' 'Which teams..?'
1) are playing 2) are going to play
e) Don't carry all those heavy books. Some of the children you.
1) will help 2) are going to helpf) The doctor is on his way. He .. in fifteen minutes.
1) will be here 2) is being
g) Good news. Ann . a baby.
1) will have 2) is going to have
h) I'm sorry I can't come to the lesson tomorrow. my grandmother in
hospital.
1) I'll visit 2) I'm visiting
10.- Completa con the continuous form de los verbos entre parntesis.
a) Next summer Kate (spend) is spending a month in France.
b) Hurry up, Mehmet. Everyone (wait) for you.
c) (you do)..anything on Friday? Do you want to come to a party?
d) Helen (read). in bed at the moment.
e) We (go). to the cinema this evening.
f) I can't answer the phone. I (have).. a bath.g) What (you do). later? Do you want to come for a walk?
h) David (leave).tomorrow. Have you said goodbye to him?
11.- Corrige los errores en cada frase
a) We'll go to the cinema this evening. Do you want to come?-> We are going to the
cinema this evening. Do you want to come?
c) Bye for now! I'm going to see you tomorrow. ->
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d) Sorry I can't meet you. I will go to the doctor's.->
e) Have you heard the weather forecast? It's raining tomorrow.->
f) I've bought my ticket. I'll leave tomorrow.
3. Pronombres interrogativos
Los pronombres interrogativos nos sirven para hacer preguntas ms concretas.Cuando no nos vale que nos respondan con un s o un no, cuando queremosdatos concretos, debemos utilizar los pronombres interrogativos para centrarnuestras preguntas y que nos respondan exactamente lo que queremos saber.
Los pronombres interrogativos ocupan el primer puesto en las preguntas, incluso pordelante del verbo auxiliar. Si tenemos en cuenta que en castellano utilizamos dos
smbolos de interrogacin ? y en ingls slo uno, piensa que los pronombresinterrogativos se ponen en el lugar de la primera interrogac in , como si fueraabriendo la oracin para que sepamos desde el principio que es una pregunta sintener que llegar al ltimo smbolo de interrogacin ?.
A) Pronombres ms utilizados
PRONOMBREINTERROGATIVO
PARA PREGUNTARPOR:
EJEMPLOS
Why?Por qu?
Razones / Causas Why are you happy? Because I amgoing to a concert tonight
Where?Dnde?
LugaresWhere do you live? I liveinCiudad RealWhere is your mobile phone? Itson
the table
When?Cundo? Momentos
When is Megans birthday? Its in
SeptemberWhen were you born? I was born
onMarch 12th
What?Qu? Cosas
What is your name? My name isSteve
Who?Quin? Personas
Who is that woman? Oh, itsEmily
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How?Cmo?
ProcesosEstadosCmo hacer las
cosas
How is Susan after the accident? Shes
much betterHow did you come here? I came here
by bus
Which?Qu?Cul?
Eleccin de unacosa entre varias
Which colour do you prefer?RedWhich film do you want to see? I want
to seeGrease
Whose? (indicaposesin)
De quin?
Cosas quepertenecen a
personas
Whose coat is this? ItsSusansWhose glasses are these? They are
mine
How long?Cunto tiempo?Desde hacecunto?
Periodo detiempo
How long have you lived in York?Since
1993.How long have you studied English?For
eight years
How often?Cada cunto? Frecuencia
How often do you go out at night?Every
weekendHow often do you travel to Argentina?
Once a year
How far?A qu distancia? Distancia
How far is Toledo? Its about85 km
away fromMadrid
How much?Cunto /Cunta?
Cosasincontables(lquidos, tiempo,dinero, etc.)
How much milk do you need?Half a
litre, more or lessHow much are these shoes, please?
35.
How many?Cuntos /Cuntas?
Cosas contablesHow many people are coming for
dinner?3 peopleHow many books did you read last year?
More than 20
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EJERCICIOS: PREGUNTAS
1.- Completa las preguntas con la forma correcta de BE o DO. Contesta YES oNO.-
Ejemplos: Are you sometimes shy? Yes, I am // Doyou enjoy puzzles? No, I dont1. you sometimes day-dream?
2. . she ambitious?
3. . your room usually tidy?
4. . he like getting up early in the morning?
5. . clothes important to you?
6. . he serious about sports?
7. . money important to you?
8. . you worry when you make mistakes?
9. . they often bored?
10.. she cry during sad films?
11.. you laugh a lot?
12.. they often get angry?
13.. some colours make you feel happy
2.- Escribe preguntas con las palabras entre parntesis
Ejemplo: I watch television. (When) When do you watch it?
1 I read comics. (How often)
2 They play games. (What)
3 Mary goes out at the weekend. (Where)
4
John swims at the pool. (What time)5 I collect things. (What)
6 We write to pen-friends. (How often)
7 He plays football. (Where)
8 I take my sister to school. (What time)
10 Liz goes to a sports club. (When)
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11 My children watch cartoons on television. (When)
12 I take my dog for a walk. (When)
13 The boys go to a youth club. (How often)
14 My daughter goes to piano lessons. (What time)
15 I go shopping. (Where)
3.- Completa las preguntas con Where, When, What, How.
Ejemplo: Where do you live?
1. __________ do you get up?
2. __________ do you have for breakfast?
3. __________ do you leave home?4. __________ do you go to school? By bicycle or by bus?
5. __________ do lessons start?
6. __________ do you have lunch? At home or at school?
7. __________ do you like best at school? Games?
8. __________ do you go after school?
9. __________ do you do your homework? Before or after dinner?
10. __________ do you do on Saturday and Sunday?11. __________ do you have holidays?
12. __________ do you wear to school?
13. __________ do you wear for games?
14. __________ do you carry your books to school? In a school bag?
15. __________ do you want for your birthday?
4.- Completa las preguntas usando: what who which whose where when
why how how often how much how many how old how long'Ejemplo:'How oldare you?' 'I'm 20.'1 '__________do you do?' 'I'm a student.'
2 '__________do you live?' 'In London.'
3 '__________have you lived there?' 'For two years.'
4 '__________brothers and sisters have you got?' 'Two brothers and two sisters.'
5 '__________is your favourite pop singer?' 'Michael Jackson.'
6 '__________is your birthday?' 'November the 3rd.'
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7 '__________do you play tennis?' 'About once a week.'
8 '__________does it cost to play tennis in Britain?' 'It's not very expensive.'
9 '__________bag is this?' 'I think it's Simon's.'
10
'__________do you usually get to work?' 'By car.'11 '__________of those girls is your sister?' 'She's the one in the black skirt.'
12 '__________are you smiling?' 'Oh, I'm happy
5.- Utiliza estas expresiones con HOW para completar las preguntas
How old ...? / How far ...? How long ...? How tall...?How big ...? How fast...? How often ...? How well ...?
Ejemplo: How oldareyou?' '37 next birthday'
1
'.your house from here?' 'About 5 km.'2 '... John?' 'Very tall - nearly two metres.'
3 '.... she driving?' 'The police say she was doing 160 km/h.'
4 '. see your parents?' 'Every week.'
5 '.. Ann's flat?' 'Very small - just one room and a bathroom.'
6 '.. stay in China?' 'I was there for six months.'
7 '. speak English?' 'Not very well.'
6.- Alguien ha asesinado al actor Henry Farthing. Completa las preguntas de lapolica con : WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW, o HOW MUCH.
Ejemplos WHO shot the actor? WHATdidthe police find out?1. ____________ was the motive?
2. ____________ is the main suspect?
3. ____________ information have the police got?
4. ____________ happened on the night of the murder?
5. ____________ did Farthing go when he left the house?
6. ____________ did he meet?7. ____________ did he meet him at six o'clock?
8. ____________ saw Farthing last?
9. ____________ did the murderer get into Farthing's flat?
10. _ ____________ does Janet Jones, his girlfriend, know?
11. _ ____________ did Farthing phone her that evening?
12. _ __________ is the gun?
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4. Autoevaluciones
Autoevaluacin 1
Ahora vamos a comprobar que has aprendido los contenidos del tema y lossabes poner en prctica. Para ello, tienes que contestar a 10 preguntas, eligiendoentre tres posibilidades.
1. Will you come to the party with me? Yes, .
a. I am b. you will c.I will
2. She will us tomorrow.
a. to visit b. visit c. visits
3. We going to study English next year.
a. am b. is c. are
4. My train at 10:00 a.m.
a. leaves b. leaving c. will leaves
5. go to the concert tonight? I dont know, Im not sure.
a. Are you going b. Are you going to c. Will you
6. I visit London next summer. I have the tickets.
a. going b. will go c. am going to
7. film do you prefer? Benhur or Titanic?
a. Which b. What c. Who
8. did you find those glasses? In the park.
a. When b. Why c. Where
9.- ________________ are you going to buy these trouser?
a. Who b. Whose c. why
10. girls do you know?
a. How much b. How many c. How often
Autoevaluacin 2
1. Vamos a comprobar que has entendido el texto que aparece en el primerapartado del tema 1 que acabas de ver.Elige la respuesta correcta entre las tresopciones siguientes:
1. Karen will have
a. a coke b. some water c. a beer
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2. Marta is going to next year
a. have a baby b. study at university c. work
3. Karen is going to next weekend
a. Salamanca b. Toledo c. Madrid
4. Marta will with her
a. go to the station b. work c. go to the concert
2. Vuelve a leer con atencin el texto del primer apartado del tema 1 y di si lassiguientes afirmaciones son verdaderas (TRUE) o falsas (FALSE)
1. Karen is thirsty
2. Marta likes beer
3. Marta is going to be a teacher4. Karen is pregnant
5. Marta is happy with the news
6. Karen is going to be a doctor in the USA
7. Karen and Marta are going to a concert
8. Marta will go to the train station with Karen
3. Karen ha ido a visitar a una pitonisa para que le prediga su futuro. Escribe loque la pitonisa le ha predicho a Karen sobre su futuro. Usa en tus respuestas laforma no contrada (You will).
Ejemplo: You (live) for many years: Youwill livefor many years
1. You (win) ___________ the lottery
2. You (not go) ___________ back to the USA
3. You (not be) ___________ a teacher
4. You (marry) ___________ a Spanish man
5. You (have) ___________ five children6. You (work) ___________ in a hotel
7. You (be) ___________ very happy
8. You (not live) ___________ in Toledo
4. En este ejercicio tendrs que hacer una pregunta utilizando WILL yresponder con una respuesta corta: Yes + pronombre + will / No + pronombre +wont
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Ejemplo: You / be / 25 next year-> Will you be 25 next year? Yes, I will / No, I wont.
1. Marta and Karen (be) friends forever.
2. Marta (be) a good doctor in the future.
3. You (go) on holiday next summer.4. You (have) a baby in the next two years.
5. It (rain) a lot next year.
5. Escribe oraciones utilizando las palabras entre parntesis y futuro con GOING TO. - Ejemplo:(buy a car) -> I am going to buy a car / I am not going tobuy a car
1. (get up before 7.00) [+]
2. (have a big breakfast) [+]3. (listen to the radio in the morning) [-]
4. (have lunch at home) [-]
5. (drive a car) [-]
6. (be with your family) [+]
Escribe tus repuestas afirmativamente si ves [+] o negativamente si ves [-].
6. Mira el siguiente reparto de tareas en una casa. Utiliza Presente Continuo:
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
John Cooking cleaning washing-up ironing
Alison washing-up Ironing Cooking Cleaning
Completa las frases:
1. On Monday, Alison and John .
2. On Tuesday, Alison and John .
3. On Wednesday, Alison and John .4. On Thursday, Alison and John .
7. Completa las siguientes preguntas con WHAT / WHICH / WHO.
1. is that girls name?
2. sandwich do you want? Chicken and curry or tuna?
3. is your favourite film?
4. is your favourite actor?
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5. is more expensive, fish or meat?
6. is younger, you or your sister?
7. is your mobile number?
8. is your best friend?
8. Escribe preguntas con WHO y WHAT. En estas oraciones, actan de sujeto.
1. Somebody is going to phone you.
2. Something is going to happen.
3. Somebody is reading my books.
4. Something is making noise.
9. Ahora escribe preguntas con WHO y WHAT en las que no acten como objeto.
1. Im meeting somebody.
2. Im doing something tomorrow.
3. Im going to see somebody now.
4. Im going to cook something tonight.
10. Ahora vamos a poner en prctica todos tus conocimientos sobre lospronombres interrogativos. Completa las siguientes oraciones con lospronombres interrogativos que faltan segn sea necesario.
How often / Where / When / How far / Why / How/ What / Whose / How long /Which / Who / How much / How many
1. is this girl in the photograph? My little sister.
2. are you going on holiday next summer? Im going to Denia.
3. will you be in Italy next summer? Ill be there for two weeks.
4. is your favourite ice cream? Chocolate or vanilla?
5. money do you need to buy a dress? I need 60 .
6. do you think about me? I think you are very nice.7. children are you going to have? Im going to have three kids.
8. are you crying? Because Im very sad.
9. glasses are these? They are mine.
10. do you go to the supermarket? Once a week.
11. are you? Fine, thanks
12. is Albacete from Alicante? About 170km.
13. is Helens party?Its next Saturday.
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Tareas
Tarea 1
Vamos ahora a practicar el futuro. Comenzaremos con WILL. Para ayudartecon el vocabulario, te puedes apoyar en las siguientes fotografas, con su significadoen ingls debajo.En primer lugar, hars una serie de predicciones para el futuro, ya sea prximo olejano. Qu pasar? T decides.
Be sunny tomorrow Fall in love Snow next winter
A continuacin, te vamos a plantear una serie de actividades y t decidirs site apetece hacerlas o no. No pienses mucho, tan slo practica esta forma defuturo.
Have a coffee tonight Go shopping nextweekend
Visit my best friend
Escribe las oraciones segn tus propias ideas, tanto en afirmativa (I WILL)como en negativa (I WILL NOT) y enva el documento a tu tutor/a para que locorrija. nimo!
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Bloq.10. Tema 2: Job opportunities
NDICE
1. Job offers (anuncios de trabajo)
2. Verbos modales
Caractersticas generales de los verbos modales
CAN (habilidad, permiso informal, posibilidad)MUST (obligacin)
MUSTNT (prohibicin)
MAY (probabilidad, permiso formal)
SHOULD (consejos, recomendaciones)
3. Conectores de tiempo
4. Autoevaluaciones5. Tareas
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1. Job offers (anuncios de trabajo)
Necesitas encontrar un trabajo? Ests cansado del que tienes y quieres
encontrar uno mejor? Manos a la obra: el primer sitio para buscar ofertas de
trabajo es el peridico (real o digital). Santiago, que es quien nos va a guiar por
toda esta Unidad, empieza su bsqueda. Lo primero es empezar a ver qu
ofrecen. Vamos a realizar una bsqueda distinta: empezaremos por mirar las
pginas de ofertas de trabajo de los peridicos ingleses. Y lo primero que
Santiago encuentra es este anuncio:
NEEDED: Full time secretary position available.Applicants must have at least 2 years experience and should be able to type60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Applicants should have
perfect written and spoken German. Must be over 20. Must have driving licence.
Apply in person at United Business Ltd., 17 Browning Street, Leeds. Salary:
12000,00 per annum.
Visto as, seguro que entiendes poco. DONT WORRY!!! No lo entiendes primero
porque est en ingls (evidentemente), pero sobre todo porque los anuncios deofertas suelen utilizar una terminologa particular y un estilo propio en el que
existe una evidente intencin de comunicar lo ms posible en el mnimo
espacio (de hecho estos anuncios se contratan por el nmero de palabras). La
caracterstica principal de estos anuncios es que emplean un tipo de lenguaje muy
especial, casi telegrfico, en el que en lugar de las oraciones completas nos
encontramos lo sustancial de ellas:
Needed: Full time secretary = we need a secretary to work full timeMust be over 20 = he/she should be older than 20 (years old)
Antes de seguir, intenta comprender la idea general de este anuncio:
En qu consiste el trabajo? Dnde se ofrece el trabajo? Pone lo que se va a ganar? Cmo se debe contactar con la empresa?
Esta informacin es la que bsicamente vamos a encontrar en los anuncios de
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trabajo, aunque no siempre encontramos ni todos estos elementos, ni el
mismo orden (es el anunciante el que decide cules son los datos que
quiere poner y cmo); por eso te ofrecemos ahora distintos modelos de
anuncios para empezar a reconocer estos elementos en cada uno.
1
2
3
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Ya hemos dicho que el lenguaje y la forma de expresarse son especiales en estos
anuncios: te vamos a ofrecer una gua de vocabulario de anuncios con la que podrs
seguir recopilando la informacin, y que contiene una serie de trminos
especficos que se van a repetir recurrentemente en toda esta Unidad:
- to need /needed: necesitar / se necesita, se busca.
- part-time / full time: trabajo a tiempo parcial / trabajo a tiempo total
- appointment / in person / phone /e-mail: cita / en persona / llamada telefnica
/ correo electrnico.
- to require / requirements: requerir / requisitos
- to apply / applicant: solicitar / candidato
- position /vacancy: puesto laboral / puesto vacante
- skill: habilidad, competencia
- to contact: ponerse en contacto
Tras ver estos cuatro anuncios Santiago ha decidido llamar al nmero 1; mira con
atencin la informacin del anuncio y deja el siguiente mensaje:
Hello, my name is Santiago Gmez and I am interested in the job offer, Ive
had some experience as a waiter, I can work full time or part time. My contacttelephone number is 44-548- 761.
2.- VERBOS MODALES: CAN, MUST, SHOULD, MAY
Cmo enterarse de las condiciones de los trabajos que ha encontrado? Qu
requisitos piden? sta es ahora la preocupacin de Santiago: ya que sabe interpretar
los datos bsicos de una oferta o anuncio, tiene que enterarse bien de las
condiciones y requisitos. Vamos a rescatar el primer anuncio que vio Santiago
para buscar la manera en que se expresan las condiciones y requisitos:
NEEDED: Full time secretary position available.
Applicants must have at least 2 years experience and should be able to type60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Applicants should haveperfect written and spoken German. Must be over 20. Must have drivinglicence. Apply in person at United Business Ltd., 17 Browning Street, Leeds.
Salary: 12000,00 per annum.
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Para hablar de los requisitos que se pide que cumplan los candidatos se han
utilizado dos verbos modales que expresan obligacin y deber:
should se suele interpretar y traducir como una recomendacin (deberas) must aporta un pequeo paso ms adelante en la obligacin,(debes)
Caractersticas comunes de los verbos modales:
Tienen slo algunos tiempos
It may rain
She might come laterCan he swim?
Could you open the window?
Necesitan de otros verbos para el resto de tiempos:
You must go
Ihad towork late yesterday
Ill have togo to Madrid tomorrow
She hateshavingto get up early
Shehas had towork hard all her life
They could come yesterday
They can come today
Will they be able to come tomorrow?
Van seguidos de un infinitivo sin la partcula to:I can swim
We can go home now
You should study
She mustnt smoke
They may come
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NOTA: Hay una excepcin a esta regla: ought to, que va seguido de infinitivo con la
partcula to: Ej. we ought to go now (deberamos irnos ya). Pero este verbo no lo
vamos a estudiar de momento.
Todas las personas tienen la misma forma, no aadimos s a la tercera delsingular:
I must go now // she must go now
They can speak English // she can speak French
We may be late // She may be here soon
You should be home early // He should shave more often
Negativa: Modal + not / nt
She can swim -> She cannot swim / She cant swim
We should go -> we shouldnt go
It may rain -> it may not rain
Preguntas: Modal + sujeto?
Can he swim?
Should we go?
No usamos auxiliar DO / DOES: does she can swim o
she doesnt can swim
CAN: Poder / saber
FORMA: Can + infinitivo sin 'to'
AfirmativaI can run very fast
You can play the guitar
Mary can sing well
We can speak English
They can swim
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Dar o negar permiso
Can you come to the party?
You can't leave until the end of the class
Peter can borrow the car tonightThe children can go out if they have finished their homework
Posibilidad o imposibilidad de hacer algo o de que algo ocurra
My seat is too far from the stage. I cant see the actors clearly
The door is not locked. You can open it
Its dark in the house. I cant see anything
MUST: Tener que.
FORMA: must + infinitivo sin 'to'
Afirmativa: Obligacion: tener que, estar obligado a
I must phone home
Arthur must wear a tie in the library
Mary must be early for workYou must be home by 10.00
You must drive carefully
Ive got a terrible pain in my back. I must go and see the doctor
I must stop smoking
Interrogativa
Must you go now?
Must I answer the phone?
Must Bruce pay the bill?
Negativa: (must not -> mustn't ) obligacin de no hacer / prohibicin
You must not (mustn't) open the door
Waiters mustn't smoke at work
She mustn't stay there
You mustn't wear pyjamas in class
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You mustn't drive a car without a licence
MAY: Poder, puede que
MayMay notMay I?Yes, you mayNo, you may not
USO:
PERMISO
a) Pedir permiso (formal)May I come in?
May I borrow your car?
May I use your telephone?
b) dar permiso / denegar permiso, prohibir
You may go now
She may come late tonight
They may watch television for a while
He may not go swimming until he does his homework
En este sentido equivale a mustnt
You may not drive on the right in England
You mustnt drive on the right in England
Young people under eighteen may not drink in pubs
Young people under eighteen mustnt drink in pubs
POSIBILIDAD (puede que)
He may come today, he may come tomorrow
Put on your raincoat. It may rain
He may not come today
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SHOULD. Deber (recomendacin)
Forma:
ShouldShould not -> shouldnt
Should he?
Yes, he should
No, he shouldnt
Recomendacin, consejo.
You should cross the street carefully
We should visit him tomorrow
You should study a little harder
You should not go out the night before an exam
I should visit my grandmother
You shouldnt eat so quickly.
Pedir parecer o consejo
Its hot in here. Should I open the window?The oven isnt working. Should I call a technician?
MODALS.- EXERCISES
1.- Wrong or right? Give the correct answers
Elephants can fly. Wrong. Elephants cant flyDogs can swim. Right
1. Penguins can swim.
2. Penguins can fly.
3. Horses can swim.
4. Dogs can climb trees.
5. Parrots can fly.
6. Cats can fly.
7. Camels can run.
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8. Bears can catch fish.
9. Lions can climb trees.
10. Elephants can catch fish.
11. Spiders can swim.12. Sheep can jump.
2.- Ask permission with Can I...? Then give the probable answer.
You want to>>>go to see a horror film. Ask your father. Can I go to see a horror film ? No, youcan't!
1. invite ten friends to lunch. Ask your mother.
2. go camping in the woods. Ask your mother.
3. have some extra English homework. Ask your teacher.
4. eat sweets in bed. Ask your dentist.
5. cook lunch on Sunday. Ask your mother.
6. go swimming with a bad cold. Ask your doctor.
7. wash the car. Ask your father.
8. have more pocket money. Ask your mother.
9. watch television until midnight. Ask your father.
10. do this exercise again. Ask your teacher
3.- Classroom rules. Put in WE MUSTor WE MUSTN'T. Make true sentences.Example: >> sit still. You must sit still
1. ___________________ jump on the desks.
2. ___________________ fight.
3. ___________________ do what the teacher says
4. ___________________ go to sleep.
5. ___________________ be quiet.
6. ___________________ play football.
7. ___________________ look at the blackboard.
8. ___________________ eat crisps.
9. ___________________ draw on the desks.
10. ___________________ listen to the teacher.
11. ___________________ give answers.
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12. ___________________ read comics.
13. ___________________ make a lot of noise.
14. ___________________ look at the teacher.
15. ___________________ jump out of the windows.16. ___________________ listen to music.
17. ___________________ write letters to friends.
4.- Put in MUST or MUSTN'T.
1. It's a secret. You.. tell anybody
2. Shhh. Dad's asleep. We..be quiet.
3. Nick, you ..spend all your pocket money at once.
4. We ..write to Grandmother. It's her birthday tomorrow.5. I ..forget my homework again. The teacher gets angry.
6. You..eat so much. You are too fat.
7. You really..tidy your room, Nick. I can't open the door!
8. Chip (the dog), you ..tear the postman's trousers.
9. It's very late. I ..go home now.
10. Nick, you ..say 'Shut up' to adults.
11. Trig, you ..learn some new English words every day.12. You're dirty. You ..have a shower!
5.- Say what Trig should or shouldn't do.
>He gets up late. He shouldn't get up late.>He doesn't study English every day. He should study English every day.
1. He goes to bed late.
2. He doesn't practice writing every day.
3. He wastes time.
4. He eats all day.
5. He behaves badly.
6. He doesn't study grammar every day.
7. He squirts people with his water pistol.
8. He swings on the lamp.
9. He never uses his dictionary.
10. He pulls up the flowers.
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LATER: Ms tarde Oracin (S+V+C) Later, I had breakfast
NEXT: Seguidamente Oracin (S+V+C) Next, I invited her
THEN: Luego, despus Oracin (S+V+C) Then, I said I love you
WHILE: Mientras Pres. continuoPasado continuo
While youre having lunchWhile you were sleeping
WHEN: Cuando Presente simplePasado simple
When you find the answerWhen you phoned me
FINALLY: Finalmente Oracin (S+V+C) Finally, I said goodbye
J!!! Ten mucho cuidado con la expresin espaola DESPUS, porque en
ingls se puede decir de dos formas distintas. Mira estos ejemplos:
Yesterday I went to work and THEN I went home. Ayer fui a trabajar y despusme fui a casa.
Como has visto, si slo quieres decir despus, tienes que utilizar THEN seguido
de una oracin (es decir S+V+C: sujeto, verbo y complementos)
Yesterday we watched a film on TV AFTER dinner. Ayer vimos una pelcula en latele despus de la cena.
Por el contrario, si quieres decir despus de tienes que utilizar AFTER + el
sustantivo directamente, sin ms preposiciones. AFTER significa despus de,
igual que BEFORE significa Antesde.
Despus de y antes de se utilizan muchas veces seguidos de un gerundio:
Before having lunch, you must wash your hands. Antes de comer, debes lavartelas manos.
After having lunch, you must wash your teeth. Despus de comer, debes lavartelos dientes.
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4. Autoevaluaciones
Autoevaluacin 1
Ahora vamos a comprobar que has aprendido los contenidos del tema y lossabes poner en prctica. Para ello, tienes que contestar a 10 preguntas,eligiendo entre tres posibilidades.
1. Can I watch TV? Yes, .
a. you cant b. you do c. you can
2. She go to the cinema tomorrow. Shes not sure.
a. will b. must c. may3. We study a lot this year or we will fail.
a. must b. can c. mustnt
4. I am very hungry. I eat something.
a. should b. can c. may
5. You smoke at home. The baby is sleeping.
a. must b. should c. mustnt
6. She go to work today. Shes very ill.a. must b. shouldnt c. mustnt
7. ____________, I am going to tell you my name. Then, my phone number.
a. First of all b. Second c. Finally
8. She is getting married in August. __ she will go on holiday.
a. Then b. After c. First
9. What are you going to do dinner?
a. after b. then c. next10. After a long day, I ____________ got home.
a. then b. finally c. before
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Autoevaluacin 2
Di si es verdadera o falsa la siguiente informacin sobre los tres anuncios quehas visto al principio del tema 2.
1. En el anuncio n 1 la forma de contacto es por telfono. V / F
2. En el anuncio n 2 estn buscando trabajadores para una oficina. V / F
3. En el n 3 s pone lo que se va a ganar. V / F
4. En el n 1 no pone el lugar del trabajo. V / F
2. Completa las frases con MUST y uno de los verbos de la tabla.
Meet read buy phone go help
1. We to the bank today. We havent got any money.2. Shes a very interesting candidate. You her.3. I didnt phone Tim yesterday. I him today4. This is an excellent book. You it5. I have a very big problem. You me6. We some food. We havent got anything for dinner.
3. Completa las frases con MUSTNT y uno de los verbos de la tabla.
Be tell smoke use
1. This secret is very important. You anyone.
2. This is a public building. You here
3. This interview is very important. You late.
4. You my car.
4. Completa las frases con SHOULD y uno de los verbos de la tabla.
Be go Read visit look Wear
1. When you speak to the manager, you at him.2. She looks tired. She to bed.3. Everybody on time for the meeting.4. The cafeteria is very nice. We it.5. When you are driving, you a seat-belt.6. Its a very good book. He it.
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5. Usa los modales must y should en la forma apropiada segn los dibujos.
1. You stay outside. a. should b. must
2. You .not light a fire. a. should b. must
3. You not use your camera. a. should b. must
4. This is a danger sign. You be careful.
a. should b. must
6. Completa las siguientes oraciones con CAN o CANT
1. Simon come today. Hes very ill.2. I think Helena is great. She type, speak English and German.3. Tom is a guitarist. He play de guitar.4. You drive! You dont have a driving licence!5. Sheila go to the party. She doesnt have permission6. you help me? I open the window. Its broken.
7. Escribe las siguientes oraciones utilizando MAY. Recuerda que perhapssignifica quiz, tal vez y por tanto tambin indica probabilidad. Te damosun ejemplo para que veas cmo funciona.
Ejemplo: Perhaps I will go to the cinema I may go to the cinema
1. Perhaps I will see Tom tomorrow.
2. Perhaps I will get the job. 3. Perhaps Monica will have a baby.
4. Perhaps Andrew will buy a car.
Ahora haz las siguientes oraciones en negativa utilizando MAY NOT:
1. Perhaps they will not come ->2. Perhaps she will not get the job->3. Perhaps we will not go out tonight ->
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8. Vamos a utilizar los conectores de tiempo en una narracin sencilla.A continuacin tienes una serie de pequeos textos formados por varias oraciones.Para cada uno de ellos tienes que elegir el conector correcto de una pequea lista quete damos al principio del texto y colocarlo en su lugar correspondiente.
THIRD FINALLY SECOND FIRST OF ALLIm going to tell you your obligations in this job. you must be on timeevery day. you have to answer the phone. you haveto be polite. you have to wear a uniform.
Then First While After
Yesterday I had a very important job interview. I got up very early in
the morning. _______I had a big breakfast. breakfast, I had ashower. I was having the shower, the telephone rang.
Next Before When First
I will tell you a secret. I tell you my secret, you must promise youwont tell anyone. Yesterday, I had a job interview. , I went to theoffice. I met the manager, I was very nervous. I wascalm and I may get the job!
9. Si Promosouth (que es la empresa que ofrece el trabajo) quisiese poner unanuncio en prensa cul sera el anuncio en prensa de esta oferta de trabajo?:
a) Commercial Administrator needed; experience required. English nationality.
b) Commercial department needs Spanish young professional, for office in
Mlaga; no foreign language skills required.
c) Young professionals needed. For office in Spain. Spoken and written Spanish and
English required. No experience necessary.
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6. Tareas
Tarea 1
Te acuerdas de Santiago, el chico con el que empezamos esta unidad? Haconseguido una entrevista para el trabajo que est buscando y mira algunas delas cosas que tiene previstas en su agenda para maana. En este texto faltan losverbos modales, que tendrs que aadir segn el sentido que tenga la oracin.No te preocupes, te damos a elegir entre tres alternativas.
1. Santiago (must / can / may) get up at 7.30 in the morning.
2. He (must / should / mustnt) have a shower.
3. He (must / can / may) have a cup of coffee and toasts
for breakfast.
4. At 8.30, he (must /mustnt / should) leave home and take the bus
because he (mustnt /shouldnt /cant) drive a car.
5. He (may / can / must) be at the company at 9:00.
6. He (can / should /mustnt) be late.
7. He (shouldnt / may / must) go to university.
8. He will meet his friends for lunch at 14.00. They (should / may / must)
___ go to a caf or buy a sandwich at the supermarket.9. He (may / can / must) go to English lessons from 16.00 to
19.30. He (may / can / must) speak a little English, but he needs to
speak English very well to get the job.
10. At 20.00 he (can / mustnt / should) buy food at the
supermarket.
11. At 20.30 he will get home and have dinner. Then, he (must / should / may)
watch TV.12. He (may / must / should) go to bed early.
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Tarea 2
Mira lo que Santiago tiene previsto en su agenda para maana. Completa lanarracin eligiendo el conector de tiempo correcto.
Santiago must get up at 7.30 in the morning.
WHEN / THEN he should have a shower and get dressed.
He may have a cup of coffee and some toasts for breakfast.
WHILE / AFTER he is having breakfast, he will listen to the radio.
AFTER / BEFORE breakfast, he must leave home and take thebus to the city centre.
He must be at the company at 9:00.
FIRST / AFTER , he will have some tests. THEN / THIRD, he will have an interview
WHILE / WHEN he finishes his interview, he must go touniversity.
NEXT / BEFORE , he will meet his friends for lunch.
They may go to a caf or buy a sandwich at the supermarket.
THEN / AFTER they have lunch, Santiago must go to his Englishlessons. He needs to speak English to get the job.
BEFORE / NEXT he goes home, he should buy some food atthe supermarket near his apartment.
AFTER / FINALLY , he will have dinner, watch a film on TV and goto bed.
Revisa tus apuntes de conectores y completa el texto. Si necesitas volver a repasar loscontenidos, tmate el tiempo que necesites. Cuando lo tengas preparado, enva lo a tututor para que lo corrija
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Bloque 11. Tema 1: The media
NDICE
1. La prensa britnica
2. Tiempos verbales usados en las noticias:Pasado Simple, Pasado Continuo
y Pretrito Pluscuamperfecto
3. Estructura de una narracin de hechos
4. Radio y Podcasts para aprender ingls
5. Internet
6. Autoevaluaciones7.Tareas
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The Suno Daily Mirror, considerado como sensacionalista, en el ms pequeo.
Con el paso del tiempo y dado que las hojas grandes son ms difciles de manejar
que las pequeas, las publicaciones empezaron a adoptar todas el formato pequeoTabloid, por ser mucho mas cmodo. Desde entonces se prefiere usar el trmino
Compact compacto, para el pequeo (usado ya casi por todos) y a los peridicos
sensacionalistas se les conoce como red-top, porque es rojo el color que, por lo
general, usan para sus titulares (Headlines).
Ahora vamos a ver un ejemplo de esta diferencia entre la prensa sensacionalista y la
prensa seria; son dos artculos que tratan la misma cuestin y queremos que te fijes
en los titulares.
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2. PASADO SIMPLE (RESUMEN)
ESTRUCTURA DE LA ORACIN
Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo en pasado + complementos
I/He/She was here last summer
We/You/They were in the same class at school
I watched TV last night
Pete played football last weekend
They went to London two years ago
Negativa:
BE: sujeto + wasnt / werent + complementos
I/he/she was not here last summer o wasnt
We/You/They were not at school yesterday o werent
RESTO DE VERBOS: sujeto + did + not + verbo en forma base +complementos
I did not watch TV last night o I didnt
Pete didnt play football last weekend o Tom didnt
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They did not go to London two years ago o They didnt
Interrogativa:
BE: Was / were + sujeto + complementosWas I/he/she herelast summer?Were we/you/they here last summer?
RESTO DE VERBOS: did + sujeto + verbo en forma base + complementos
Did you watch TV last night?
Did Pete play football last weekend?
Did they go to London two years ago?
USOS:
Acciones que ocurrieron en pasado.
Acciones cortas: The bomb exploded at 8:00am
Acciones largas:I lived in Manchester for 5 years
EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO:Las expresiones de tiempo se colocan al final de la oracin, en el lugar de loscomplementos.
Ejemplos:
yesterday, lastnight, lastweekend, lastMonday, lastmonth, lastyear; one dayago,two weeksago, five minutesago, half an hourago; In1997, in the 19th century, in thepast; from 9 to 12, from Monday to Friday, from April to October; for two years, forthree weeks, forten minutes
PASADO CONTINUO (RESUMEN)
Estructura: Verbo to be en pasado (was / were) + verbo principal ening
Afirmativa:sujeto + was/were + verbo-ing + complementos
I was reading a book at 10:30PM
He was driving his car at 8:00am
They were playing football yesterday morning
Negativa: sujeto + was/were + not + verbo-ing + complementos
She was not reading a book at 10:30PM o She wasnt
He was driving his car at 8:00am o He wasnt
They were not playing football yesterday o They werent
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Interrogativa: was/were + sujeto + verbo-ing + complementos
Was she reading a book at 10:30PM?
Was he driving his car at 8:00am?
Were they playing football yesterday morning?
USOS
Acciones simultneas a un momento pasado concreto
You were having dinner at 9:00PM last night
It was raining this morning
Acciones que son interrumpidas por otra
Mary was reading when the phone rang
Acciones que ocurren de forma simultnea
I was reading while you were watching TV
Expresiones de tiempo
Las expresiones de tiempo se colocan al final de la oracin, en el lugar de loscomplementos. Siempre se dan momentos concretos.Ejemplos:
I was having a showerat 10:30PM
Albert was drivingat 8:00am this morning
They were playing basketballat 12:00 last Sunday morning
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (PRETERITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO)
1.- Forma: subjeto + had + past participle
Had para todas las personas
Had not para todas las personas en negativa
had puede contraerse en -> dhad not puede contaerse en -> hadnt
I had worked -> Id workedShe had come -> Shed comeThey had gone -> Theyd gone
The play had not started-> The play hadnt startedHe had not got up-> He hadnt got up
We had not washed up-> We hadnt washed up
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Had your friends arrived? Yes, they had / No, they hadntHad you met Mary? Yes, I had / No, I hadntHad they seen the film before? Yes, they had / No, they hadnt
Had the match started when you arrived? Yes, it had / No, it hadnt
Who had phoned the police? Bob (had)What had happened? There had been an accidentWho had told you? Nobody
Who had you seen? MaryWhere had you seen her? At the cinemaWhat had she told you? My brother was comingWhen had you had breakfast? Before we went out
USOS:
Pasado anterior a pasado: Cuando hablamos de una accin en pasado y nosreferimos a un pasado anterior
When I telephoned Sue, (pasado) she had gone out (pasado anterior)
We arrived at the cinema at 8.00, (pasado) but the film had started at 7.30 (pasado
anterior)
When I spoke to the woman (pasado) I realized I had met her somewhere before
(pasado anterior)
When the police arrived, the thieves had left
When I opened the safe, the money had disappeared
EJERCICIOS pasado continuo o simple
1.- Pon los verbos entre parntesis en el tiempo que corresponda: pasado simpleo continuo
JENNY I . (dream) I.. (see) a tornado last night. I
remember everything. You. (play) with the dog, Mum.
(cook), Dad. (work) in the garden, and I. (look) forthe
cat, when the wind . (begin) to blow.
NICK . and you . (see) the tornado.
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JENNY Yes. It . (come) straight towards me when I .
(run) into the house. I . (close) the window just when the tornado
. (hit).
NICK And?
JENNY Well, I remember that the wind . (blow) and the house
. (spin) when I. (hear) a terrible noise.
NICK What . (be) it?
JENNY It . (be) me. I . (fell) out of bed and
. (wake) up.
2.- I saw (see) Sue in town yesterday hut she (not/see) me. She. .
(look) the other way.
3.- I .. meet) Tom and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago.
They.. (go) to Berlin and I . . (go) to Madrid.
We.. (have) a chat while we . . (wait) for our
flights.
4.- I.. (cycle) home yesterday, when suddenly a man .
. (step) out into the road in front of me. I . . (go) quite fast but
luckily I . . (manage) to stop in time and . . (not /
hit) him
5.- Pon los verbos en la forma correcta, pasado continuo o simple.
1. Jane ...was waiting... (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
.
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2. 'What . . (you/do) this time yesterday?' 'I was asleep.'
3. '.. (you/go) out last night?' 'No, I was too tired.'
4. 'Was Carol at the party last night?' 'Yes, she. . (wear) a really
nice dress.'
5. How fast. . (you/drive) when the accident(happen)?
6. John. . (take) a photograph of me while I . .
(not/look).
7. We were in a very difficult position. We. . (not/know) what to do.
8. I haven't seen Alan for ages. When I last. . (see) him, he
.. (try) to find a job in London.
9. I . . (walk) along the street when suddenly I . .
(hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody.. (follow) me. I was
frightened and I.. (start) to run.
10.When I was young, I.. (want) to be a bus driver.
EJERCICIOS PAST PERFECT / PRETRITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO
1.- Pon los verbos en pasado perfecto.
> I couldn't get in because I had forgottenmy keys. (forget) +> Ann wasn't at home. Where hadshe gone(go) ?> The telephone wasn't working because we hadnt paidthe bill (pay) -
1 The woman told me that she .... in China a few years before.
(work) +
2 Everything in the garden was brown because it ...(rain) -
3The bathroom was full of water. What ....? (happen) ?
4 I knew I .. .. that man somewhere before. (see) +
5 We were surprised to see Mark, because we.. .. his letter. (get) -
6 After three days the dogs came back home. Where ....? (be)
7 They gave me some money back because I . .. too much. (pay) +
8 There was nothing in the fridge. Peter . .. the shopping. (do)
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2.- Rodea la respuesta adecuada
Ididnt recognize /l hadn't recognized Helen, because shecut / had cuther hairvery short.
1 No one understood / had understoodhow the cat got / had gotinto the car.2 Joe didn't play/ hadn't playedin the game on Saturday because he hurt / hadhurthis arm.3 When Ilooked / had lookedin all my pockets for my keys, Istarted/ had startedto get very worried.4 Liz never travelled / had never travelledby train before she went / had gonetoEurope.5 I arrived / had arrivedat the shop at 5.30, but it already closed / had alreadyclosed.61 didn't have/ hadn't hadmuch money after I paid / had paidall my bills lastweek.
3.- Pon los verbos en past simple or past perfect.Billdidnt tellanybody how hehad gotinto the house. (not tell; get)Emmawentto France last week. Before that, she had never beenoutside Ireland. (go;be)
1 When their mother.. home, the children.. .. all the
sweets. (get; eat)
2Yesterday I ............ a man who.. .. at school with my grandmother.
(meet; be)
3 It .. .. to rain, and I .. .. that I..
.. my window. (start; remember; not close)
4 I .. a letter on my desk that I .. Never .. (find; open)
5 I .. .. Bob I couldn't go to the theatre, but he..
already.. the tickets, (tell; buy)
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Cundo utilizar cada uno de ellos
A la hora de combinar los tres tiempos verbales en una narracin de hechos,
conviene que sepamos para qu se utiliza cada uno de ellos.
El Pasado Simple se utiliza para la accin o los hechos concretos, ya sea
una accin aislada o una sucesin de ellas.
El Pasado Continuo se utiliza para describir la situacin.
El Pretrito Pluscuamperfecto (Past Perfect) nos remonta a acciones
anteriores a otras del pasado.Mira los siguientes ejemplos. Como vers, en ambos describimos la situacin conel Pasado Continuo y la accin con el Pasado Simple:
Ej.1: I was reading when I heard the shooting
Ej. 2: She was driving when she had the accident
En el ejemplo 1, yo estaba leyendo (descripcin de la situacin) cuando o el disparo(accin concreta) y me interrumpi.
En el ejemplo 2, una persona que estaba conduciendo (descripcin de la situacin)tuvo un accidente (accin concreta).
RECUERDA QUE
Cuando tengas que combinar ambos tiempos verbales tienes que seguir este
esquema:
WHEN + PASADO SIMPLE
WHILE + PASADO CONTINUO
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3. Estructura de una narracin de hechos
Ahora vamos a aprender a escribir narraciones de hechos, para lo que utilizaremos
los tres tiempos verbales que hemos visto en esta unidad. Este estilo se utiliza
mucho a la hora de escribir noticias, que no son sino sucesiones de hechos. Lee con
cuidado las instrucciones y despus estudia el ejemplo de la narracin de un rescate
en una estacin de esqu.
Cuando narramos una sucesin de hechos, queremos ser fieles a lo que pas y
hacer que la persona que lea nuestra redaccin lo entienda como si lo hubiera visto.
Antes de empezar a escribir, haz un esquema de los hechos que quieres reflejar yordnalos tal y como ocurrieron en el tiempo.
Escribe un ttulo para tu redaccin.Es muy importante organizar estas ideas en prrafos de dos o tres lneas.
Recuerda:
oEn la introduccin presenta la situacin: qu pas, por qu estabas all, etc.
oHaz un prrafo para describir la situacin: usa el Pasado Continuo.
oEn otro prrafo describe las acciones que se sucedieron: stas irn en Pasado
Simple y si hubiera alguna accin anterior a ellas, en Pretrito Pluscuamperfecto
(recuerda: es el pasado del pasado).
oFinalmente haz un pequeo prrafo para la conclusin y acabar la redaccin.
Es muy importante utilizar conectores de tiempo para que el orden en el queocurrieron los hechos quede bien claro.
Finalmente, revisa que no haya errores de gramtica ni de ortografa.
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EJEMPLO DE UNA NARRACIN DE HECHOS
Esquema Modelo
TTULO
INTRODUCCINPrrafo 1Presenta la accinprincipal. Rescate enlosPirineosPARTE CENTRALPrrafo 2Descripcin de la situacinDescribe la situacin:
esquiando en la nieve ..Tambin describe el maltiempo.
Una persona gritapidiendo ayuda.
Prrafo 3
Sucesin de hechos talcomo sucedieron parasolucionar el problema.
Utiliza Past Simple, Past
Continuous y Past perfect
Rescue in the mountain
Last winter I lived one of the most difficultsituations in my life. I helped one person whohad had an accident in the Pyrenees.
It was 11:00am and I was skiing with myhusband. It was snowing a lot but we werehaving a very good time. Suddenly, we heard acry. At first, we thought it was the wind, but
then, we knew someone was crying for help.We saw a man in the snow and he lookedinjured.
First, we asked him if he was alright. Next, wetried to help him stand up, but he told us that hehad fallen while he was skiing and he hadbroken his left leg.
My husband stayed with him and I went to thevillage. Finally, the ambulance arrived half anhour later. I think we saved his life. [141 words]
Para que te resulte ms fcil identificarlos, los verbos estn escritos en negrita y los
conectoresen cursiva.
4. Radio para aprender ingls
A) Radio
Te presentamos un recurso muy til para aprender ingls a travs de la radio. Se
trata de Voice of America (VOA), una emisora que ofrece una programacin
especial en ingls para estudiantes del idioma. En su pgina web, se explican los
orgenes de lo que denominan Special English:
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The roots of Special English
On October 19, 1959, the Voice of America broadcast the first Special English
program. It was an experiment. We wanted to communicate by radio in clear and
simple English with people whose native language was not English.
Special English programs quickly became some of the
most popular on VOA. They still are.
Special English continues to communicate withpeople who are not fluent in English. Over theyears, its role expanded.
It helps people learn American English while they learn about American life and stay
informed about world news and science. It provides listeners with information they
cannot find elsewhere.
5.- INTERNET VOCABULARY
Communicatingnetwork
Wartime
Stamp
Red decomunicacin
tiempo deguerra
Sello decorreos
Exchangeinformation
DataTool
Intercambiarinformacin
DatosHerramienta
The Origin of the Internet
The Internet started in the late 1960s as a project of the U.S. Department of
Defense: the military wanted a communication network that would work even if
parts of it broke down, things that usually happen during wartime!
The military had many computers which were incompatible. This network had
to work between different machines of different type.
In October 1969, two computers talked to each other across a telephone line:
the name of this network was ARPAnet. As time passed, ARPAnet grew and
connected many computers between each other.
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A good analogy to the Internet is the Postal Service:
The IP (Internet Protocol) is equivalent to putting a stamp on a letter: you always
need a stamp to send a letter anywhere in the world.
The internet is like the Postal Service: you send a letter and the service will
redirect your letter using any available route to its destination.
By the 1980s, the Internet gained popularity among research organisations
and universities which started to use it in order to exchange information and data.
The World Wide Web or WWW was created at CERN, a physics laboratory in
Geneva, Switzerland. It was used as a tool to exchange and modify documentsbetween scientists and other organizations.
6. Autoevaluaciones
Autoevaluacin 1Ahora vamos a comprobar que has aprendido los contenidos del tema y los sabesponer en prctica. Para ello, tienes que contestar a 10 preguntas, eligiendo entretres posibilidades.
1. La prensa britnica se divide en broadsheetsy _________.
a. newspapers b. tabloids c. compacts
2. Un ejemplo de broadsheetingls es _________.
a. The Times b. The New York Times c. The Sun
3. She ___________ a mobile phone in the street last Monday.
a. buy b. bought c. buyed
4. We __________ to the theatre last Sunday because we were tired.
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a. go b. didnt go c. didnt went
5. I ____________ yesterday at 3:00am.
a. slept b. did sleeping c. was sleeping
6. We ______________ when the ambulance arrived.
a. was waiting b. were waiting c. were waited
7. He had an accident ________ he was working.
a. while b. when c. next
8. I ____________ the book before I saw the film.
a. read b. had readed c. had read
9. _________ I saw the accident and then I phoned the police.
a. first b. later c. next
10. After three years waiting, I ___________ had my operation.
a. last b. while c. finally
Autoevaluacin 2
1. READING COMPREHENSION. Choose the best answer according to theinformation in the text.
1.- Qu peridico ataca ms directamente a Fernando Alonso?
a.- The Times b.- The Sun2.- Teniendo en cuenta lo dicho sobre los tipos de peridicos, cul de losdos crees que pertenece a la prensa sensacionalista.
a.- The Times b.- The Sun
3.- Qu peridico habla del sueldo de Alonso?
a.- The Times b.- The Sun
2. Escribe la forma de estos verbos regulares en pasado simple.
1. watch 5. lie 9. pray2. cancel 6. pass 10. shop3. live 7. clap 11. listen4. want 8. try 12. pat
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3. Escribe el Pasado Simple de los verbos siguientes:
1. go 7. drink 13. win2. meet 8. eat 14. put3. take 9. drive 15. fight4. begin 10. do 16. spend
4. Completa las oraciones con el Pasado Simple de uno de los verbossiguientes:
have meet Need not buy phonefinish stay Be begin not be
1. Sue (________) those shoes because they (________) expensive.
2. Pam (________) in hospital because she (________) an operation.3. The lesson (________) at 7:00PM and (________) at 8:00PM.
4. Did you (________) my sister at the party? No, she (________) there.
5. Chris (________) his mother because he () some help.
5. Completa las siguientes oraciones con el Past Continuous de los verbos:
1. DO? What_________you_______________at 5PM yesterday?
2. SLEEP Everything was silent and I thought they____________3. SWIM Peter _________________when you phoned him.
4. NOT SHOP I___________________on Monday morning. I was at home.
5. WRITE The boy__________________an email to his friends.
6. Escribe los verbos de las siguientes oraciones en Past Perfect:
1. TRAVEL I___________________to Molina de Aragn before last summer.
2. NOT SEE The girl________________the present before we gave it to her.
3. LISTEN We went to a concert last weekend. We_______________to the
songs before.
4. NOT TRY She_____________________ the dress before she bought it.
5. BE I was in Ruidera last month. I _________________ there two years ago.
6. PLAN They__________________the party before they sent the invitations.
7. NOT STUDY Richard_________________and he failed the exam.
8. DRIVE You______________________a car before you bought one.
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9. PHONE He______________________before he came home yesterday.
10. NOT TELL They__________________us the truth before we knew.
7. Completa las oraciones utilizando el Pasado Simple o Pasado Continuo
de los verbos:
1. FALL/RUN Ian__________while he__________in the park.
2. BUY/LIVE She__________this dress when she__________in London.
3. PHONE/CLEAN Mary__________while I__________the kitchen.
4. DRIVE/HAVE She__________when she__________the accident.
5. SIT/HEAR We__________outside when we__________a noise.
8. Elige la opcin correcta:1. I didnt finish / hadnt finished my homework when Susan phoned me.
2. By the time we arrived / had arrived, the party had begun.
3. He left the museum after he saw / had seen everything.
4. I cleaned the kitchen after everyone left / had left.
5. I had run the marathon before I finally won / had won a medal.
6. Had she sent / Did she send the invitations before she saw the error?
7. By the time David arrived at school, the exam had started / started.8. We hadnt bought /didnt buy anything because the shops had closed.
9. I left / had left the cinema early because I had already seen the film.
10. She waited / had waited until 6 oclock in the evening.
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7. Tarea final
En esta tarea vamos a ver la gran diferencia que puede haber en una noticiadependiendo de qu peridico la publique. Mira las portadas de dos peridicosnorteamericanos del 12 de septiembre de 2001. Seguramente recordars lacatstrofe que ocurri el da anterior en Nueva York. Observa el aspecto generalde las portadas y los titulares (las letras ms grandes) que resumen en un par depalabras la noticia.
1.- Which newspaper front page is more attractive?2.- Which newspaper front page gives more information?
3.- Which newspaper is a broadsheet?
4.- Which newspaper is a tabloid?
5.- Which newspaper would you buy?
Responde a las preguntas en un documento como ste y enva la respuestaa tu tutor/a.
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Bloque 11. Tema 2: Travelling
NDICE1. A trip to
2. Introduccin a la condicin
3. Expresin de la opinin
4. Cmo contrastar ideas
5. Expresin de la hiptesis
6. Autoevaluaciones7.- Tareas
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1. A trip to
Busca las palabras TRIP y TRAVEL en un diccionario. Vers que
la primera es el sustantivo (viaje) y la segunda el verbo (viajar). El
ttulo de la unidad TRAVELLING tambin se traduce como viajar,
puesto que estamos util izando el verbo solo (sin ningn sujeto) y lo
tenemos que poner en ING.
Empecemos a planear nuestro viaje: ante todo, y dado el carcter
de la asignatura, buscaremos un destino donde podamos practicar
nuestro ingls. Eres capaz de
reconocer los siguientes pases?
Picture A Picture B Picture C
Picture D Picture E Picture F
Which countries do these pictures represent?
A.- B.-
C.- D.-
E.- F.-
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the Australian Outback
Mira esta fotografa de Australia. En ella un grupo de viajeros se
para ante una seal que indica que en los siguientes 92 kilmetros
lo nico que se van a encontrar son animales salvajes. Cmo ser
la vida all? En esta primera parte de la unidad vamos a conocer el
Australian Outback, que es la zona que ocupa todo el centro de
Australia. Es un lugar muy inhspito y casi deshabitado que soporta
condiciones de clima tan extremo que lo convierten en uno de los
lugares habitados ms solitarios
del mundo.
Life in the Outback: l ife is very difficult down in the Australian
Outback, it is an area of 2,500,000 square kilometres in the centre
of Australia; it is very hot (temperatures are usually over 30C in
summer, it is almost a desert) and there are no facilities around;
people live in stations (country houses or cattle farms) very far away
from any small town. Life in a sheep station is very different from life
in a town or in a city; they look after the cattle and sometimes they
travel some hundreds of kilometres a day looking for their food.
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There is only one big town in the Outback, it is called Alice Springs.It is in the centre of the Australian Outback.
Some children go to school by receiving their classes with a two-way
radio because the nearest school is too far away to go and come
back every day. The outback is not an empty place; lots of people
and animals wander around the plains and hills. The Aborigines
have always lived in the Outback and they think it is the most
wonderful place in the world to live, but if you try and spend a weekout there, you will realize the type of life you can have there.
2. Introduccin a la condicin
CONDICIONAL = CONDICIN + CONSECUENCIA
Oraciones condicionales: son oraciones compuestas de unaoracin subordinada (If clause) y una oracin principal (mainclause):
Una de ellas, la subordinada, contiene la CONDICIN , mientras quela unidad principal es la CONSECUENCIA . Como puedesimaginarte , una depende de otra, por eso se llama condicional: conla condicin de que
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En concreto, la CONDICIN es la que tiene la llave. As, si se da lacondicin, se da la CONSECUENCIA que se considera laproposicin principal dentro de la oracin. Mira el siguienteesquema:
Main clause (principal): I will buy a carIf clause (subordinada) if I win the lottery
I will buy a car if I win the lottery
Como puedes ver, son dos clauses. Tanto en la unidad de laizquierda como en la de la derecha hay un sujeto, un verbo y suscomplementos. Se puede decir que son dos oracionesindependientes, pero se unen para formar una sola, que acabara enel punto gramatical . como ya sabes.
Si te fijas bien, el nexo de unin entre ambas es la partcula IF,que es la que indica la condicin. IF es el si condicional, se queen castellano no lleva nunca tilde.
Tambin podras encontrarte que el orden de ambas proposiones(clauses) vaya invertido y la que empieza por IF se coloquedelante, como puedes ver:
If clause : If I get my pay on Saturday,
Main clause : I will take my wife to a good restaurant
If I get my pay on Saturday, I will take my wife to a goodrestaurant
En este caso, como IF no puede separar ambas clausesporque vaal principio de la oracin, marcamos el lmite entre ambas con unacoma , justo antes del sujeto de la segunda clause. Recuerda queclause se refiere a una unidad de SVC(sujeto+verbo+complementos).
En ingls te puedes encontrar varios tipos de condicionales, aunqueen este mdulo tan slo te vamos a presentar la primera. Veamosahora los tiempos verbales de cada una de las clauses en lacondicional de tipo I .
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TIPO 1.- CONDICIONES ABIERTAS : condiciones presentes que sonbastante posibles o probables.
Forma:: If (condicin): verbo en presente / O. principal: verbo en
will future
If you annoy the cat, it will scratch youIf you are hungry, I l l make you something to eat If I pass my exams, Il l go to universi ty If it rains, I l l go to the cinema
Hell get there in time if he runs all the wayWhat will you do if you see an accident?
PREGUNTAS : oracin principal, al principio
Yes / No questions:
Will you come to the party if you dont have to work?Will you speak to him if he apologizes?Will you go to England this year if you have enough money?
Wh-subject questions:
Somebody will buy a car if he passes his driving test -> who willbuy a car if he passes his driving t est?
Somebody will feed the cat if we go away for the weekend-> whowill feed the cat if we go away for the weekend?
Somethingwill happen if we are late ->What will happen i f we are
late?
Wh-non subject questions:
If the bus is late, we will do something -> What will we do if thebus is late?
If I buy a new picture I wil l put it somewhere -> Where will you putthe new picture if you buy it?
Mary will phone somebody if she doesnt know how to get t o thecinema-> Who will Mary phone if she doesnt know how to get to
the cinema?
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EJERCICIOS ORACIONES CONDICIONALES
1.- Rellena los espacios en blanco con la forma adecuada delverbo entre parntesis
1. If you drink lemon tea, your sore throat will feel (feel) better.2. If he. (not study) hard, he won't pass the exam.
3. If the baby (touch) the heater, she will burn herself.
4. The theatre will be full if we . (not get) there soon.
5. If we . ( not find) a baby -sitter, we'll have to stay at
home.
6. If you eat too much, you .. (put) on weight.
7. If she .. (not want) to arrive late, she will have to hurry. 8. I won't go out if it .. (n ot stop) snowing.
9. If Robert . (not arrive) soon, I' l l leave without
him.
10.If you . (not obey) the boss's orders, you (lose)
your job!
2.- Elige la respuesta adecuada1.If Terry . stop laughing, he will be sent to the
headmaster's office.
a. doesn't b. don't c. won't
2. If you're thirsty I you something to drink.
a. will make b. will made c. should made
3.If nobody helps Brian, he .. able to do his homework.
a. will be b. won't be c. can't be
4. If Jill . to the opera, Andrea will go instead.
a. goes b. will go c. doesn't go
5.If Jean too many sweets, she will put on weight.
a. eat b. wil l eat c. eats
6. If Mandy of that cut, her leg will get infected.
a. doesnt take care b. takes care c. took care
7. Many people out of work if the factory closes down.
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a. will b. will be c. won't
8. I won't go out . I dont find my ke
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